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Journal articles on the topic 'Friction models'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 September 2023

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1

Olsson, H., K. J. Åström, C. Canudas de Wit, M. Gäfvert, and P. Lischinsky. "Friction Models and Friction Compensation." European Journal of Control 4, no. 3 (January 1998): 176–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0947-3580(98)70113-x.

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2

Hora, Pavel, Christoph Becker, Long Chang Tong, Joachim Maier, and Soeren Mueller. "Advanced Frictional Models for Extrusion Application." Key Engineering Materials 585 (December 2013): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.585.41.

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During the extrusion processes, very complex adhesion and friction effects between the die surface and the extruded material occur. They have a strong influence on the velocity distribution in the profile, as well as on the life-term behavior of the tools. In the framework of the virtual process modeling usually the Coulomb or the Shear Friction models are applied. The practical experience shows, that those simplified descriptions of the frictional behavior result in poor FEM results. The present work relates to experimentally evaluated tribological behavior of the Torsion-Tribo-test and shows how those data can be transferred to different new friction models.

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3

Blau, Peter J. "Embedding Wear Models into Friction Models." Tribology Letters 34, no. 1 (December 3, 2008): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11249-008-9395-1.

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4

Zhang, Zhigang, Ling Zou, Hang Liu, Yonglong Chen, and Benzhu Zhang. "Effects of operating and material parameters on the thermal characteristics of a wet clutch." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 13, no. 7 (July 2021): 168781402110341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16878140211034101.

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Based on the frictional mechanism of a wet clutch, frictional models of wet clutch engagement were established using the modified Reynolds equation and the elastic contact model between frictional pairs. Then, the heat flux models for the viscous shear and asperity friction were built, and the two-dimensional transient thermal models for the separator plate, friction disk, and ATF heat convection model were deduced based on the heat transfer theory and conservation law of energy. Finally, the Runge–Kutta numerical method was used to solve the frictional and thermal models. The average temperature of the separator plate, friction disk, and ATF were calculated. The effects of operating and material parameters, such as applied pressure, initial angular velocity, friction lining permeability, surface combined roughness RMS, equivalent elastic modulus, and ATF flow, on the thermal characteristics of friction pairs and ATF during engagement, were studied. The simulation results show that the temperature characteristics of the separator plate, friction disk, and ATF depend mainly on the viscous shear and asperity friction heat flux, and that the operating and material parameters of the wet clutch also have significant impacts on the overall variation trend of the thermal characteristics of the separator plate, friction disk, and ATF.

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5

Wingertszahn, Patrick, Oliver Koch, Lorenzo Maccioni, Franco Concli, and Bernd Sauer. "Predicting Friction of Tapered Roller Bearings with Detailed Multi-Body Simulation Models." Lubricants 11, no. 9 (September 1, 2023): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants11090369.

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In the presented work, a parametric multibody simulation model is presented that is capable of predicting the friction torque and kinematics of tapered roller bearings. For a highly accurate prediction of bearing friction, consideration of solid and lubricant friction is mandatory. For tapered roller bearings in particular, the friction in the contact between the rolling element and raceway is of importance. Friction forces in the contact between the rolling element end face and inner ring rib as well as roller cage pocket contacts are also considered in the model. A large number of tests were carried out to validate the model in terms of the simulated frictional torque. Influencing variables such as speed, axial load, radial load, and temperature were investigated. The simulation results show good agreement with the measured friction torque, which confirms that the model is well suited to predict frictional torques and therefore the kinematics of tapered roller bearings.

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6

Sentemova, O. S. "Multicomponent models of friction." Moscow University Mechanics Bulletin 66, no. 6 (December 2011): 138–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0027133011060033.

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7

OLEKSOWICZ, SELIM, and ANDRZEJ MRUK. "FRICTION PROCESS IN THE PRESENCE OF HARD ABRASIVE PARTICLES — COOPERATION MODEL." Surface Review and Letters 18, no. 06 (December 2011): 249–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x11014734.

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The paper presents the results of the investigation performed on a stand for model testing of the friction pair like a car disc brake. The tests were performed for the mating operation of a frictional node with the dosage of hard abrasive particles into the friction zone. Based on the observation of the phenomena in the friction zone and the analysis of the parameters describing operating conditions of a frictional node, physical models of the frictional node cooperation in the presence of hard abrasive particles have been proposed. During the tests, using the transparent material of a friction cover plate and a fast recording camera, a visual analysis of the material transfer in the friction zone was done. It allowed to positively verifying the proposed physical models of the frictional node cooperation in the presence of hard abrasive particles.

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8

Lemu, Hirpa G., and Tomasz Trzepieciński. "Multiple Regression and Neural Network Based Characterization of Friction in Sheet Metal Forming." Advanced Materials Research 1051 (October 2014): 204–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1051.204.

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This article proposes a frictional resistance description approach in sheet metal forming and the objective is to characterize the friction coefficient value under a wide range of friction conditions without performing time-consuming experiments. To describe the friction condition in sheet metal forming simulations, the friction coefficient should be quantified using friction models. Realistic friction models must account for the influence of surface roughness and surface topography on the lubricant flow and dry friction conditions. Due to considerable amount of factors that affect the friction coefficient value, building the analytical friction model for specified process conditions is too demanding. Thus, mathematical models that describe the friction behaviour using multiple regression analysis (MRA) and artificial neural networks (ANN) are utilized. The regression analysis was performed using the user subroutine in the MATLAB, while the ANN model was built in STATISTICA Neural Networks. As input variables for regression model and training of multilayer perceptron (MLP) the results of strip drawing friction test were utilized.

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9

Demianiuk, Volodymyr. "CONSTRUCTION OF FRICTION FEATURES OF FRICTION MOVEMENTS OF BRAKE MECHANISMS IN THE VIEW OF THIRD-ORDER POLYNOMIAL MODELS." AUTOMOBILE ROADS AND ROAD CONSTRUCTION, no. 111 (June 30, 2022): 252–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.33744/0365-8171-2022-111-252-259.

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The concepts of frictional characteristic of the brake mechanism and frictional characteristic of the friction pair of the brake mechanism, which are necessary for the calculation of the real braking properties of vehicles, are considered. An experimental device has been developed to determine the influence of such destabilizing factors as temperature, sliding speed and contact pressure on the mentioned characteristics. A method for obtaining polynomial models of the third order to determine the effect of temperature, sliding speed and contact pressure on the coefficient of friction in the friction pairs of brake mechanisms is proposed. The technique is suitable for cases when the second-order models inadequately describe the effect of these destabilizing factors on the coefficient of friction in the friction pairs of brake mechanisms.

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10

Tee, J. W., S. H. Hamdan, and W. W. F. Chong. "Predictive tool for frictional performance of piston ring-pack/liner conjunction." Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences 13, no. 3 (September 27, 2019): 5513–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/jmes.13.3.2019.19.0445.

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Fundamental understanding of piston ring-pack lubrication is essential in reducing engine friction. This is because a substantial portion of engine frictional losses come from piston-ring assembly. Hence, this study investigates the tribological impact of different piston ring profiles towards engine in-cylinder friction. Mathematical models are derived from Reynolds equation by using Reynolds’ boundary conditions to generate the contact pressure distribution along the complete piston ring-pack/liner conjunction. The predicted minimum film thickness is then used to predict the friction generated between the piston ring-pack and the engine cylinder liner. The engine in-cylinder friction is predicted using Greenwood and Williamson’s rough surface contact model. The model considers both the boundary friction and the viscous friction components. These mathematical models are integrated to simulate the total engine in-cylinder friction originating from the studied piston ring-pack for a complete engine cycle. The predicted minimum film thickness and frictional properties from the current models are shown to correlate reasonably with the published data. Hence, the proposed mathematical approach prepares a simplistic platform in predicting frictional losses of piston ring-pack/liner conjunction, allowing for an improved fundamental understanding of the parasitic losses in an internal combustion engine.

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11

Gaul, L., and R. Nitsche. "The Role of Friction in Mechanical Joints." Applied Mechanics Reviews 54, no. 2 (March 1, 2001): 93–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3097294.

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Vibration properties of most assembled mechanical systems depend on frictional damping in joints. The nonlinear transfer behavior of the frictional interfaces often provides the dominant damping mechanism in a built-up structure and plays an important role in the vibratory response of the structure. For improving the performance of systems, many studies have been carried out to predict, measure, and/or enhance the energy dissipation of friction. This article reviews approaches for describing the nonlinear transfer behavior of bolted joint connections. It gives an overview of modeling issues. The models include classical and practical engineering models. Constitutive and phenomenological friction models describing the nonlinear transfer behavior of joints are discussed. The models deal with the inherent nonlinearity of contact forces (eg, Hertzian contact), and the nonlinear relationship between friction and relative velocity in the friction interface. The research activities in this area are a combination of theoretical, numerical, and experimental investigations. Various solution techniques commonly applied to friction-damped systems are presented and discussed. Recent applications are outlined with regard to the use of joints as semi-active damping devices for vibration control. Several application areas for friction damped systems due to mechanical joints and connections like shells and beams with friction boundaries are presented. This review article includes 134 references.

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12

Woodhouse, Jim, Thibaut Putelat, and Andrew McKay. "Are there reliable constitutive laws for dynamic friction?" Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 373, no. 2051 (September 28, 2015): 20140401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2014.0401.

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Structural vibration controlled by interfacial friction is widespread, ranging from friction dampers in gas turbines to the motion of violin strings. To predict, control or prevent such vibration, a constitutive description of frictional interactions is inevitably required. A variety of friction models are discussed to assess their scope and validity, in the light of constraints provided by different experimental observations. Three contrasting case studies are used to illustrate how predicted behaviour can be extremely sensitive to the choice of frictional constitutive model, and to explore possible experimental paths to discriminate between and calibrate dynamic friction models over the full parameter range needed for real applications.

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13

Dupont, P., V. Hayward, B. Armstrong, and F. Altpeter. "Single state elastoplastic friction models." IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 47, no. 5 (May 2002): 787–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tac.2002.1000274.

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14

Fröhlich, Jürg, Zhou Gang, and Avy Soffer. "Some Hamiltonian models of friction." Journal of Mathematical Physics 52, no. 8 (August 2011): 083508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3619799.

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15

Dong, Yalin, Ajay Vadakkepatt, and Ashlie Martini. "Analytical Models for Atomic Friction." Tribology Letters 44, no. 3 (September 17, 2011): 367–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11249-011-9850-2.

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16

Georg-Peter, Ostermeyer. "Friction Models with discrete Layers." ZAMM - Journal of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics / Zeitschrift für Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik 80, S1 (2000): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zamm.20000801316.

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17

Mackenzie, D., H. Li, and R. Hamilton. "Multi-physics Models for Friction Stir Welding Simulation." NAFEMS International Journal of CFD Case Studies 10 (March 2013): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.59972/fkwes73g.

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Friction stir welding (FSW) is a solid-state welding technology for joining a range of metals and alloys. The FSW joining process involves several coupled non-linear phenomena including; frictional heating, large plastic deformation, material transportation and dissipative heating. Numerical simulation of the process may include some or all of these physical processes, depending on the objective of the analysis. This paper gives an overview of two continuum solid mechanics FSW simulation models of differing complexity. The first model is a simplified ANSYS thermo-mechanical finite element model with an externally applied heat source simulating frictional and dissipative heating. The model can be used to quickly evaluate temperature, stress and deformation of the welded plate for a specified heat input. The second model is an ABAQUS/EXPLICIT Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) model of the complete FSW process: plunge, dwell, travel and withdraw. The model simulates coupled frictional heating, plastic dissipation, transient heat transfer and solid-state material flow. The results obtained for transient temperature distribution, material flow, residual stress and strain, etc. are found to be consistent with experimental observations.

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18

Seman, S. A. H. A., M. F. Razali, A. S. Mahmud, and M. H. Hassan. "Computational Evaluation of Frictional Force Changes in Three-Point and Three-Bracket Bending Models." Journal of Mechanical Engineering 18, no. 3 (September 15, 2021): 21–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/jmeche.v18i3.15412.

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NiTi arch wires are commonly used at the initial stage of orthodontic treatment, due to their superelastic and biocompatibility properties. Numerous bending models have been considered to anticipate the mechanical responses of the superelastic NiTi wire in the oral environment. It is known that the magnitude of bending force exerted by the NiTi wire is relatively influenced by the magnitude of friction generated at the wire-support interfaces. These data on the variability of friction magnitude for various bending models, however, are very limited in the literature. This study investigated the magnitude of frictional force generated in different bending models through the numerical method. The frictional force in a three-point and a three-bracket model was quantified from the force difference, measured when the wire was deflected in friction and frictionless conditions. Overall, the frictional force magnitude gradually increased as the wire further pressing the support surface at higher deflection. The highest frictional force was recorded when the bracket support was considered, with values of 2.01 N during loading and 1.61 N during unloading. These loading and unloading frictional forces were significantly reduced to 0.25 N as soon as the point support was considered. The high frictional force generated in the bracket model transformed the constant force-deflection trend of superelastic NiTi wire into a gradient force.

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19

Nosonovsky, Michael. "Beyond the Sticking Point." Mechanical Engineering 140, no. 03 (March 1, 2018): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2018-mar-1.

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This article discusses that new friction theories can help engineers not only avoid costly blunders but also come up with elegant novel solutions to longstanding challenges. The article also highlights that conventional design tools such as the computer-aided design or computer-aided engineering software, deal with friction by assuming a constant value of the coefficient of friction. Engineers would be better off defining that parameter themselves to capture the dynamic nature of friction. Frictional effects are increasingly important with miniaturization. This is because small devices have high surface-to-volume ratios, with surface forces such as friction and adhesion dominating over the volume forces. Relying on the old-fashioned models of friction provides insufficient precision for micron- or submicron-size devices. The examples described in the article suggest that proper incorporation of dynamic friction into engineering design models and software can be beneficial for practical engineers.

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20

Li, Shanshan, Ping Xiang, Biao Wei, Chengjun Zuo, Lizhong Jiang, and Weikun He. "A Numerically Scaled Spring-Friction System and Validation by Shaking Table Test." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 21, no. 07 (March 27, 2021): 2150092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455421500929.

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The seismic isolation efficiency of different friction-based devices needs verification by shaking table test, but faces problems in scaling before the test due to their frictional nonlinearity. To solve the scaling problems, a simplified civil structure, isolated by a self-centering spring-friction device, was numerically scaled in different ways considering the effect of friction action. The seismic responses of the scaled models were scaled back to those of the prototype and compared with the seismic responses of the prototype. The scaling problems and solutions were validated by a shaking table test on simply supported bridges using friction pendulum bearings (FPBs). The results show that both the unscaled gravity on a shaking table and the unscaled non-uniform friction distribution cause an inaccurate friction force in the structural motion equations of scaled models, and thus causing the scaling errors. One new and valid solution, i.e. changing the friction coefficient and scaling the non-uniform friction distribution to keep an accurate friction force for the scaled models, is put forward to avoid the scaling errors thoroughly. Another new solution shows that an increasing peak ground acceleration (PGA) can increase the other forces, while weakening the ratio of inaccurate friction force in the structural motion equations of the scaled models, which therefore reducing the scaling errors of acceleration and relative displacement responses, but not the scaling errors of residual displacement responses. In addition, the time-varying friction, the interface separation and collision of bearings, and other complex factors are found to cause scaling errors and need further investigation.

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21

Hosseinali, Farzad, and J. Thomasson. "Multiscale Frictional Properties of Cotton Fibers: A Review." Fibers 6, no. 3 (July 13, 2018): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib6030049.

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This review discusses the important concept of cotton fiber friction at both the macro- and nanoscale. First, the technological importance of fiber friction and its role in fiber breakage during fiber processing is discussed. Next, previous studies on frictional properties of cotton fibers are reviewed and different experimental procedures to measure friction between fibers or against another surface are evaluated. Friction models developed to explain friction process during various experimental procedures are considered and their limitations are discussed. Since interpretation of friction processes at the macroscale can be challenging (mainly due to difficulties in analyzing the multiple asperities in contact), a separate section is devoted to surveying studies on the emerging field of single-asperity friction experiments with atomic force microscope (AFM). Special attention is given to studies on nanoscale frictional characteristics of rough viscoelastic surfaces (e.g., plant cuticular biopolymers and cotton fibers). Due to the close relationship between friction and adhesion hysteresis at the nanoscale, adhesion studies with AFM on viscoelastic surfaces are also reviewed. Lastly, recommendations are made for future research in the field of frictional properties of cotton fibers.

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22

Egli, Daniel, and Zhou Gang. "Some Hamiltonian models of friction II." Journal of Mathematical Physics 53, no. 10 (October 2012): 103707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4757278.

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23

Ferretti, G., G. Magnani, and P. Rocco. "Single and Multistate Integral Friction Models." IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 49, no. 12 (December 2004): 2292–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tac.2004.839234.

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24

Petty, D. M. "Friction models for finite element modelling." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 45, no. 1-4 (September 1994): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0924-0136(94)90310-7.

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25

Raous, Michel. "Interface models coupling adhesion and friction." Comptes Rendus Mécanique 339, no. 7-8 (July 2011): 491–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crme.2011.05.007.

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26

Takahashi, Akira, Azusa Yamaguchi, and Yoshimune Nonomura. "Friction between Two Finger Models: Effects of Fingerprints on Friction Dynamics." Chemistry Letters 43, no. 12 (December 5, 2014): 1899–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/cl.140778.

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27

Jensen, T. B., and M. P. Sharma. "Study of Friction Factor and Equivalent Diameter Correlations for Annular Flow of Non-Newtonian Drilling Fluids." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 109, no. 4 (December 1, 1987): 200–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3231347.

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Published annular pressure drop field data have been compared with values predicted by the Bingham plastic and power law models. Several different equivalent diameter equations and friction factor correlations were utilized to estimate the frictional pressure gradients. The estimated frictional pressure drop gradients were then compared with the experimental gradients statistically to determine which combination of friction factor correlation and equivalent diameter equation predicted the experimental data best. Finally, new correlations for friction factors were developed. These new correlations predict the field data better than previously published correlations.

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28

CAI, YONGQING, XIAOXIANG YANG, and BINGWEI HE. "INFLUENCE OF FRICTION IN TRANSPARENT TOOTH CORRECTION TREATMENT: FINITE ELEMENT METHOD." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 15, no. 04 (August 2015): 1550052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519415500529.

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Objective: The objective was to evaluate the effect of frictional forces on the canine's translation and rotation in transparent tooth correction treatment. Materials and Methods: Based on computed tomography (CT) images of the teeth and their supporting tissues, solid models were used to build finite-element models. One canine was simulated translation and rotation in the buccolingual direction by aligners with different friction coefficients. Results: The change of the canine's rotation centers and periodontal ligament (PDL) stress with an increase of the friction coefficient in the two movement types were obtained. Conclusions: Friction coefficient has little effect on the canine's translation movement. While in rotation cases, the small friction coefficient seems to be helpful to gain the body movement type.

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29

Kireenkov, Alexey. "58970 NEW MODELS OF THE COMBINED DRY FRICTION AND CONNECTED WITH THEM MECHANICAL EFFECTS(Contact, Impact, and Friction)." Proceedings of the Asian Conference on Multibody Dynamics 2010.5 (2010): _58970–1_—_58970–6_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeacmd.2010.5._58970-1_.

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30

Petrov, E. P., and D. J. Ewins. "Generic Friction Models for Time-Domain Vibration Analysis of Bladed Disks." Journal of Turbomachinery 126, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 184–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1644557.

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New efficient models have been developed to describe dynamic friction effects in order to facilitate analysis of the vibration of bladed disks in the time domain. These friction models describe friction forces occurring at contact interfaces under time-varying normal load variations, including cases of separation. The friction models developed allow one to take into account time-varying friction contact parameters, such as friction coefficient and contact stiffness coefficients. Anisotropy and variation of the friction characteristics over the contact surfaces are included in the proposed models. The capabilities of the new friction models are demonstrated. Analysis of the friction forces is performed for different motion trajectories and different time variations of the normal load, and the effects of anisotropy, variation in time of the friction characteristics and normal load variation are discussed. A numerical analysis of transient vibrations of shrouded blades using the new models is presented.

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31

Shaw, Bruce E. "Far-field radiated energy scaling in elastodynamic earthquake fault models." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 88, no. 6 (December 1, 1998): 1457–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0880061457.

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Abstract Measurements of the far-field radiated energy in very simple elastodynamic fault models is presented, and the scaling of the radiated energy with moment and rupture length is examined. The models produce a complex sequence of events having a wide range of sizes as a result of a frictional-weakening instability. Thus, radiated energy from a broad range of sizes of events can be measured. Using conservation of energy, I am able to measure the far-field energy very accurately and efficiently. I study a range of frictions, from velocity weakening to slip weakening, in order to examine the effects of the physics of the rupture source on the radiated energy. Examining the scaling of radiated energy as a function of moment and rupture length, I find differences for slip-weakening as compared to velocity-weakening friction. I find distinct differences in how the apparent stress scales with moment and also how the apparent stress divided by the stress drop scales with moment for the different frictions. Most dramatically, the apparent stress divided by the stress drop is significantly smaller for slip weakening relative to velocity weakening. This suggests that measurements of radiated energy versus moment and rupture length in earthquakes, combined with forward elastodynamic modeling, can be used to constrain possible source physics.

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32

Nhan, Dao Dinh, and Chung Bac Ai. "A constant friction coefficient model for concave friction bearings." Journal of Science and Technology in Civil Engineering (STCE) - NUCE 14, no. 1 (January 22, 2020): 112–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31814/stce.nuce2020-14(1)-10.

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This paper develops a constant friction coefficient model that best represents a velocity-dependent friction model for predicting structural response of buildings isolated with concave friction bearings. To achieve this goal, the effect of friction model on structural response of three hypothetical isolated buildings with different number of stories subjected to different earthquake scenarios was numerically investigated. The structural numerical models of the isolated buildings were developed in OpenSees with superstructure is represented by a shear frame model and isolation system using single friction pendulum bearings is modeled by a 3-D friction pendulum bearing element which accepts different friction models. The numerical models were subjected to 30 pairs of ground motions, representing service earthquake level, design basic earthquake level and maximum considered earthquake level at a strong seismic activity area in the world. The investigation reveals that friction coefficient models significantly affect the structural response and there is no constant friction coefficient model that simultaneously best predicts isolation system response and superstructure response. The constant friction coefficient that best predicts isolation system response produces a large error on prediction of superstructure response and vice versa. Based on the numerical results, a constant friction coefficient model for different criteria was developed. Keywords: friction coefficient model; friction bearing; isolation system; earthquake response; time-history analysis.

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33

Wallen-Russell, Christopher, and Ben Lishman. "The Friction of Saline Ice on Aluminium." Advances in Tribology 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1483951.

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The friction of ice on other materials controls loading on offshore structures and vessels in the Arctic. However, ice friction is complicated, because ice in nature exists near to its melting point. Frictional heating can cause local softening and perhaps melting and lubrication, thus affecting the friction and creating a feedback loop. Ice friction is therefore likely to depend on sliding speed and sliding history, as well as bulk temperature. The roughness of the sliding materials may also affect the friction. Here we present results of a series of laboratory experiments, sliding saline ice on aluminium, and controlling for roughness and temperature. We find that the friction of saline ice on aluminiumμice-al=0.1typically, but that this value varies with sliding conditions. We propose physical models which explain the variations in sliding friction.

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34

Carter, William T. "A Model for Friction in Metal Forming." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 116, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2904260.

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The role of hydrostatic stress on the plastic deformation of asperities is examined in the context of the adhesion theory of friction. A lower bound analysis gives the frictional shear strength to be proportional to the normal component of the deviatoric stress, rather than the total stress as is currently held in the Coulomb friction model. When applied to specific regimes, the new model is shown to agree qualitatively with various existing models for friction, including the Coulomb and Prandtl rules.

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35

Higaki, H., T. Murakami, Y. Nakanishi, H. Miura, T. Mawatari, and Y. Iwamoto. "The lubricating ability of biomembrane models with dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine and γ-globulin." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 212, no. 5 (May 1, 1998): 337–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954411981534114.

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Two kinds of friction tests were conducted to investigate the lubricating effect of the injection of amphiphilies on the osteoarthritic joint. The effects of the addition of Lα-dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (Lα-DPPC) riposomes and γ-globulin in a saline solution of sodium hyaluronate (HA) were evaluated through pendulum friction tests. The frictional characteristics of pig shoulder joints were confirmed to depend on the viscosity of the lubricants only in the physiologically low load condition and in the condition immediately after loading. Detergent (polyoxyethylene p-t-octylphenyl ether) was successfully used to remove adsorbed films from the articular surfaces. The friction coefficient of natural synovial joints was significantly increased in a mode of mixed lubrication with the HA solution of 0.2 g/dl by the treatment of the surface with the detergent. The addition of Lα-DPPC riposomes or y-globulin significantly improved the boundary lubricating ability of the articular surfaces treated with the detergent, depending on the quantity of those additives. It appears that the Lα-DPPC riposomes and γ-globulin can form protective films on the articular surfaces like a biomembrane. Moreover, the reciprocating frictional behaviour in sliding pairs of pig articular cartilages and glass plates was studied in order to elucidate the tribological role of those constituents in the boundary lubricating film on the articular surface. Pig synovial fluid and water solutions of HA were used as lubricants. The synovial fluid had superior lubricating ability compared to the HA solution of equivalent viscosity under a physiologically high load condition. This fact seems to be responsible for the boundary lubricating ability of constituents other than hyaluronic acid. Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films of Lα-DPPC on the glass plate were kept at a low and stable friction coefficient, depending on the number of film layers. In conditions of mixed films with Lα-DPPC and γ-globulin, the frictional behaviour was improved by increasing the quantity of γ-globulin. A model is proposed in which the effective adsorbed films are composed of proteins, phospholipids and other conjugated constituents on the articular surfaces to be accurate in describing the boundary lubricating mechanism. The mechanism is controlled by hydrophobic groups in those amphiphilies.

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Evin, Emil, and Miroslav Tomáš. "Verification of Friction Models Implemented in the Simulation Software." Materials Science Forum 994 (May 2020): 223–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.994.223.

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Modern approaches in simulations of sheet metal stamping processes are based on definition the friction coefficient as not constant, but the different value in different regions, considering the nature of the actual deformation process in each individual region. In this contribution the regression and analytical models to determine the friction coefficients under blankholder and on the die drawing edge by strip drawing test are presented. These models were verified by experimental strip drawing test under the same contact conditions. Zn coated steel sheets for the automotive industry were used in experiments and simulations – extra deep drawing quality DX54D and high strength steel TRIP. The results indicate, that friction coefficients are not constant and depend on the pressure on the die contact surfaces. Friction coefficients were determined also at the cup test by the regression model of drawing versus blankholding force. Conformity of friction coefficients obtained by the cup and the strip tests was confirmed. Model of friction applied in FEM simulation was verified by cup test and good conformity was found out.

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Rill, Georg, and Matthias Schuderer. "A Second-Order Dynamic Friction Model Compared to Commercial Stick–Slip Models." Modelling 4, no. 3 (August 11, 2023): 366–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/modelling4030021.

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Friction has long been an important issue in multibody dynamics. Static friction models apply appropriate regularization techniques to convert the stick inequality and the non-smooth stick–slip transition of Coulomb’s approach into a continuous and smooth function of the sliding velocity. However, a regularized friction force is not able to maintain long-term stick. That is why dynamic friction models were developed in recent decades. The friction force depends herein not only on the sliding velocity but also on internal states. The probably best-known representative, the LuGre friction model, is based on a fictitious bristle but realizes a too-simple approximation. The recently published second-order dynamic friction model describes the dynamics of a fictitious bristle more accurately. It is based on a regularized friction force characteristic, which is continuous and smooth but can maintain long-term stick due to an appropriate shift in the regularization. Its performance is compared here to stick–slip friction models, developed and launched not long ago by commercial multibody software packages. The results obtained by a virtual friction test-bench and by a more practical festoon cable system are very promising. Thus, the second-order dynamic friction model may serve not only as an alternative to the LuGre model but also to commercial stick–slip models.

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Zakharov, V. S. "Models of seismotectonic systems with dry friction." Moscow University Geology Bulletin 66, no. 1 (February 2011): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s014587521101011x.

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Oprea, Razvan Andrei, Catalin Cruceanu, and Marius Adrian Spiroiu. "Alternative friction models for braking train dynamics." Vehicle System Dynamics 51, no. 3 (March 2013): 460–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00423114.2012.744459.

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Kireenkov, A. A. "Coupled models of sliding and rolling friction." Doklady Physics 53, no. 4 (April 2008): 233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1028335808040137.

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Quiñones-Cisneros, Sergio E., Claus K. Zéberg-Mikkelsen, and Erling H. Stenby. "One parameter friction theory models for viscosity." Fluid Phase Equilibria 178, no. 1-2 (March 2001): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-3812(00)00474-x.

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Ichinose, Shoichi. "Non-equilibrium statistical approach to friction models." Tribology International 93 (January 2016): 446–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2015.08.006.

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Zanger, Frederik, Patrick Bollig, and Volker Schulze. "Simulative Investigations on Different Friction Coefficient Models." Procedia CIRP 58 (2017): 140–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2017.03.203.

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Geike, Thomas, and Valentin L. Popov. "Multi-layer models of friction between solids." Tribology International 39, no. 5 (May 2006): 437–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2005.04.028.

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Lebon, F. "Contact problems with friction: models and simulations." Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory 11, no. 5-6 (August 2003): 449–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1569-190x(03)00060-1.

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Besson, Ugo, Lidia Borghi, Anna De Ambrosis, and Paolo Mascheretti. "How to teach friction: Experiments and models." American Journal of Physics 75, no. 12 (December 2007): 1106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.2779881.

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Geike, Thomas, and Valentin Popov. "Dynamic multi-layer models of dry friction." PAMM 5, no. 1 (December 2005): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pamm.200510017.

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Lu, Jin, Zhigang Wu, and Chao Yang. "High-Fidelity Fin–Actuator System Modeling and Aeroelastic Analysis Considering Friction Effect." Applied Sciences 11, no. 7 (March 29, 2021): 3057. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11073057.

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Both the dynamic characteristics and structural nonlinearities of an actuator will affect the flutter boundary of a fin–actuator system. The actuator models used in past research are not universal, the accuracy is difficult to guarantee, and the consideration of nonlinearity is not adequate. Based on modularization, a high-fidelity modeling method for an actuator is proposed in this paper. This model considers both freeplay and friction, which is easy to expand. It can be directly used to analyze actuator characteristics and perform aeroelastic analysis of fin–actuator systems. Friction can improve the aeroelastic stability, but the mechanism of its influence on the aeroelastic characteristics of the system has not been reported. In this paper, the LuGre model, which can better reflect the friction characteristics, was integrated into the actuator. The influence of the initial condition, freeplay, and friction on the aeroelastic characteristics of the system was analyzed. The comparison of the results with the previous research shows that oversimplified friction models are not accurate enough to reflect the mechanism of friction’s influence. By changing the loads, material, and geometry of contact surfaces, flutter can be effectively suppressed, and the power loss caused by friction can be minimized.

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Do, Nguyen B., Aldo A. Ferri, and Olivier A. Bauchau. "Efficient Simulation of a Dynamic System with LuGre Friction." Journal of Computational and Nonlinear Dynamics 2, no. 4 (March 18, 2007): 281–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2754304.

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Friction is a difficult phenomenon to model and simulate. One promising friction model is the LuGre model, which captures key frictional behavior from experiments and from other friction models. While displaying many modeling advantages, the LuGre model of friction can result in numerically stiff system dynamics. In particular, the LuGre friction model exhibits very slow dynamics during periods of sticking and very fast dynamics during periods of slip. This paper investigates the best simulation strategies for application to dynamic systems with LuGre friction. Several simulation strategies are applied including the explicit Runge–Kutta, implicit Trapezoidal, and implicit Radau-IIA schemes. It was found that both the Runge–Kutta and Radau-IIA methods performed well in simulating the system. The Runge–Kutta method had better accuracy, but the Radau-IIA method required less integration steps.

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Shoaib, Tooba, and Rosa M. Espinosa-Marzal. "Advances in Understanding Hydrogel Lubrication." Colloids and Interfaces 4, no. 4 (November 13, 2020): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/colloids4040054.

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Since their inception, hydrogels have gained popularity among multiple fields, most significantly in biomedical research and industry. Due to their resemblance to biological tribosystems, a significant amount of research has been conducted on hydrogels to elucidate biolubrication mechanisms and their possible applications as replacement materials. This review is focused on lubrication mechanisms and covers friction models that have attempted to quantify the complex frictional characteristics of hydrogels. From models developed on the basis of polymer physics to the concept of hydration lubrication, assumptions and conditions for their applicability are discussed. Based on previous models and our own experimental findings, we propose the viscous-adhesive model for hydrogel friction. This model accounts for the effects of confinement of the polymer network provided by a solid surface and poroelastic relaxation as well as the (non) Newtonian shear of a complex fluid on the frictional force and quantifies the frictional response of hydrogels-solid interfaces. Finally, the review delineates potential areas of future research based on the current knowledge.

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