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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Friction stir weld

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Academic literature on the topic 'Friction stir weld'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 3 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Friction stir weld"

1

Bhavsar, Kaushal, and Dr G. D. Acharya. "Symbol development to present Friction stir Butt weld experiment." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-3 (April 30, 2018): 1914–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd11528.

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Guan, Meng, Yuhua Wang, Yongxian Huang, Xin Liu, Xiangchen Meng, Yuming Xie, and Junchen Li. "Non-weld-thinning friction stir welding." Materials Letters 255 (November 2019): 126506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2019.126506.

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Wade, M., and A. P. Reynolds. "Friction stir weld nugget temperature asymmetry." Science and Technology of Welding and Joining 15, no. 1 (January 2010): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/136217109x12562846839150.

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Savolainen, K., T. Saukkonen, and H. Hänninen. "Banding in copper friction stir weld." Science and Technology of Welding and Joining 17, no. 2 (February 2012): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1362171811y.0000000089.

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Braga, Daniel F. O., L. M. C. de Sousa, V. Infante, Lucas F. M. da Silva, and P. M. G. P. Moreira. "Aluminium Friction-stir Weld-bonded Joints." Journal of Adhesion 92, no. 7-9 (September 12, 2015): 665–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00218464.2015.1085860.

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Doane, John W. "Acoustic inspection of friction‐stir weld." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 116, no. 4 (October 2004): 2627. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4785475.

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Hansen, Matt. "A Cooler Weld." Mechanical Engineering 125, no. 03 (March 1, 2003): D10—D16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2003-mar-3.

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This article provides details of a low-temperature joining technology called friction stir welding. Friction stir welding (FSW) uses a cylindrical, shouldered tool with a profiled pin that is rotated and slowly plunged into the joint line between two pieces of sheet or plate material. According to an engineer, stir welding eliminated 60 percent of the rivets that the plane would have otherwise required. Eclipse Aviation Corp., Albuquerque, NM, is building a separate plant to house its stir welding operations for commercial production, once its plane receives certification by the US Federal Aviation Administration. FSW is a solid-state process, more like forging and extruding than to fusion welding. Since the process is solid state, the joint is not subject to any shrinkage because of phase changes. The process also introduces minimal heat into the weld, so the heat-affected zone is relatively small in comparison to arc welding.

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Cho, Jae Hyung, Suk Hoon Kang, Kyu Hwan Oh, Heung Nam Han, and Suk Bong Kang. "Friction Stir Weld Modeling of Aluminum Alloys." Advanced Materials Research 26-28 (October 2007): 999–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.26-28.999.

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Friction stir welding (FSW) process of aluminum alloys was investigated using a two-dimensional Eulerian formulation coupling viscoplastic flow and heat transfer and strain hardening. The thermal equation for the temperature was modified to stabilize temperature distribution using a Petrov-Galerkin method. The evolution equation for strength was calculated using a streamline integration method. Predicted strength was compared with experiments. Based on crystal plasticity, texture evolution was predicted during FSW of AA6061.

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Gao, Jicheng, Yifu Shen, Jingqing Zhang, and Haisheng Xu. "Submerged friction stir weld of polyethylene sheets." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 131, no. 22 (June 21, 2014): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.41059.

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Fonda, R. W., K. E. Knipling, and D. J. Rowenhorst. "EBSD Analysis of Friction Stir Weld Textures." JOM 66, no. 1 (November 12, 2013): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0802-1.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Friction stir weld"

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Norton, Seth Jason. "Ferrous friction stir weld physical simulation." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1143252009.

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Adapa, Sujatha. "Evaluation of friction stir weld samples using digital image correlation /." Available to subscribers only, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1136092291&sid=5&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 2006.
"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Energy Processes." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 70-74). Also available online.

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Pew, Jefferson W. "A torque-based weld power model for friction stir welding /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1649.pdf.

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Sanders, Johnny Ray. "Understanding the material flow path of the friction stir weld process." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2005. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-11102005-142957.

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Champagne, Matthew. "Investigation of 2195 and 2219 Post Weld Heat Treatments for Additive Friction Stir Lap Welds." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2017. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2402.

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To evaluate potential uses for friction stir welding in additive manufacturing, two separate parts were fabricated, one of 2195-T84 and the other 2219-T87, utilizing fixed pin techniques and additive lap welds. The parts were cut into samples, artificially aged and subjected to Rockwell hardness (HRB), Vickers hardness, micrographic photography, and metallographic imaging on both pre- and post- heat treatment. Additionally, tensile testing was performed on the heat-treated samples. A comparisons of test results showed a minimal increase in the yield strength of the 2195-T84 samples compared to as-welded tensile results obtained from a previous project. The ultimate tensile strength was reduced by approximately 16%. Further testing will be required to determine the nature of this reduction. No previous results were available for the as-welded 2219-T87, but UTS of the artificially aged samples was approximately 91% that of the parent material.

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Stahl, Aaron L. "Experimental Measurements of Longitudinal Load Distributions on Friction Stir Weld Pin Tools." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1018.pdf.

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Georgeou, Zacharias. "Analysis of material flow around a retractable pin in a friction stir weld." Thesis, Port Elizabeth Technikon, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/196.

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Friction StirWelding (FSW) has been researched for a number of years since its inception in 1991. The work thus far has been based on understanding the material and thermal flow using the standard fixed pin tool. The keyhole resulting during tool extraction in a FSW weld, is a disadvantage and a current limiting factor. Eliminating this effect from a weld using a movable pin tools would make FSW more commercially viable. This dissertation focuses on the design of a novel retractable pin tool, and highlights the problems encountered during the welding of Aluminum plates, Al2024 and Al5083. Previously studied techniques of material and thermal flow were used, to investigate the effect of the tool during extraction in a FSW weld. A prototype retractable tool was designed using parametric and axiomatic design theory, and implementing a pneumatic muscle actuation system. The resulting problems in the calibration of the retractable pin tool and the resulting welds are presented, these results confirming previous studies. The movable pin produced discrepancies the heat generation around the shoulder during a FSW weld. The failure of this tool to produce a reasonable weld showed that previous ideas into the workings of a retractable pin tool requires further investigation, furthermore a fresh approach to the interpretation and understanding of the FSW weld process needs consideration.

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Sun, Tianzhu. "Residual stress development in AA7050 stationary shoulder friction stir welds." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/residual-stress-development-in-aa7050-stationary-shoulder-friction-stir-welds(9c4066c2-f3cf-4a3d-bfd0-3f6842de1251).html.

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Stationary shoulder friction stir welding (SSFSW) is a recently developed variant of conventional friction stir welding (FSW). Recent studies have shown that SSFSW can join high strength aluminum alloys with improved mechanical strength and reduced distortion as a result of a narrower and more uniform thermal profile. However, a lack of understanding on the residual stress development in the SSFSW process makes it difficult to assess the structural integrity and delays a widespread application of this technique to industry. This dissertation reports the first systematic investigation into the development of residual stress induced by the SSFSW process and comparison between SSFSW and FSW techniques. Welding residual stresses were experimentally assessed with both the contour method and neutron diffraction. The weld microstructure and hardness distributions were characterized and used to understand the formation of residual stresses during the welding process. The results have shown that for both FSW and SSFSW processes, the residual stresses distribute in the form of âMâ shaped profile while the magnitude and size of tensile residual stress zone were effectively reduced (by 25%) in the SSFSW process, even when input welding power was identical. Other improvements seen in the SSFSW process include a reduction in the heat affected zone width, an increase in the minimum hardness and a more uniform through-thickness microstructure and hardness. The dominating welding process parameter affecting the welding residual stress was travel speed as compared to rotation speed and tool downforce. With a 90 degree shaped shoulder, SSFSW has been shown to produce defect-free T-sections by dual fillet welds. For these components, an asymmetrical distribution of microstructure, hardness and residual stresses were found as a consequence of the thermal effects induced by second weld on the first weld. The material softening caused by the first weld provides the potential of utilizing a lower heat input on the subsequent pass so as to optimize the welding parameters.

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Crook, Nolan Tracy. "Control of Post-Weld Fracture Toughness in Friction Stir Processed X-80 HSLA Steel." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2021. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/9162.

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The present study investigates the fracture toughness of FSW X-80 HSLA steel welds. Weld cooling rate and peak temperature were varied among welds; indirectly manipulated through FSW travel speed, rpm, and weld preheat. Fracture toughness was tested according to ASTM 1820 standard along the weld centerline using surface-notched SEB specimen cooled to -40 °C. This study resulted in a reliable, repeatable process for generating friction stir welds with CTOD’s consistently above that of the original base metal. CTOD and microstructure of friction stir welds can be selected by controlling weld cooling rate and peak temperature. Material properties and microstructure similar to the original base metal can be recreated throughout the weld stir zone. CTOD of FSW X80 has a strong inverse linear correlation with post-weld cooling rate.

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McBride, Stanford Wayne. "A Numerical Model of the Friction Stir Plunge." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2009. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1772.

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A Lagrangian finite-element model of the plunge phase of the friction stir welding process was developed to better understand the plunge. The effects of both modeling and experimental parameters were explored. Experimental friction stir plunges were made in AA 7075-T6 at a plunge rate of 0.724 mm/s with spindle speeds ranging from 400 to 800 rpm. Comparable plunges were modeled in Forge2005. Various simulation parameters were explored to assess the effect on temperature prediction. These included the heat transfer coefficient between the tool and workpiece (from 0 to 2000 W/m-K), mesh size (node counts from 1,200 to 8,000), and material model (five different constitutive relationships). Simulated and measured workpiece temperatures were compared to evaluate model quality. As spindle speed increases, there is a statistically significant increase in measured temperature. However, over the range of spindle speeds studied, this difference is only about 10% of the measured temperature increase. Both the model and the simulation show a similar influence of spindle speed on temperature. The tool-workpiece heat transfer coefficient has a minor influence (<25% temperature change) on simulated peak temperature. Mesh size has a moderate influence (<40% temperature change) on simulated peak temperature, but a mesh size of 3000 nodes is sufficient. The material model has a high influence (>60% temperature change) on simulated peak temperature. Overall, the simulated temperature rise error was reduced from 300% to 50%. It is believed that this can be best improved in the future by developing improved material models.

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Books on the topic "Friction stir weld"

1

Hafley, Robert A. Fatigue crack growth rate test results for Al-Li 2195 parent metal, variable polarity, plasma arc welds and friction stir welds. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 2000.

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Friction Stir Weld tooling development for application on the 2195 Al-Cu-Li space transportation system external tank. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1998.

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J, Arbegast W., Hartley P. J, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Friction Stir Weld tooling development for application on the 2195 Al-Cu-Li space transportation system external tank. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1998.

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J, Ding R., George C. Marshall Space Flight Center., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. A study of friction stir welded 2195 Al-Li alloy by the scanning reference electrode technique. [Huntsville, Ala.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Marshall Space Flight Center, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Friction stir weld"

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Widener, Christian A., John Franklin, Bharat K. Jasthi, and Michael K. West. "Mechancial Properties of Repaired 7075-T73 Friction Stir Weld Butt Welds." In Friction Stir Welding and Processing VII, 205–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48108-1_21.

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Widener, Christian A., John Franklin, Bharat K. Jasthi, and Michael K. West. "Mechanical Properties of Repaired 7075-T73 Friction Stir Weld Butt Welds." In Friction Stir Welding and Processing VII, 205–13. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118658345.ch21.

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Akinlabi, Esther T., and Stephen A. Akinlabi. "Statistical Analysis of Friction Stir Weld Data." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 261–74. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5651-9_19.

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Cho, Jae Hyung, Suk Hoon Kang, Kyu Hwan Oh, Heung Nam Han, and Suk Bong Kang. "Friction Stir Weld Modeling of Aluminum Alloys." In Advanced Materials Research, 999–1002. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-463-4.999.

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Lim, Yong Chae, Samuel Sanderson, Murray Mahoney, Andrew J. Wasson, Doug P. Fairchild, Yanli Wang, and Zhili Feng. "Study of Mechanical Properties and Characterization of Pipe Steel Welded by Hybrid (Friction Stir Weld + Root Arc Weld) Approach." In Friction Stir Welding and Processing VIII, 55–68. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119093343.ch6.

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Lim, Yong Chae, Samuel Sanderson, Murray Mahoney, Andrew J. Wasson, Doug P. Fairchild, Yanli Wang, and Zhili Feng. "Study of Mechanical Properties and Characterization of Pipe Steel Welded by Hybrid (Friction Stir Weld + Root Arc Weld) Approach." In Friction Stir Welding and Processing VIII, 55–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48173-9_6.

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Rajashekar, R., B. M. Rajaprakash, and Sarala Upadhya. "Assessment of Friction Stir Weld Quality by Analyzing the Weld Bead Surface Using Both Digital Image Processing and Acoustic Emission Techniques." In Friction Stir Welding and Processing VIII, 267–79. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119093343.ch29.

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Rajashekar, R., B. M. Rajaprakash, and Sarala Upadhya. "Assessment of Friction Stir Weld Quality by Analyzing the Weld Bead Surface Using Both Digital Image Processing and Acoustic Emission Techniques." In Friction Stir Welding and Processing VIII, 269–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48173-9_29.

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Tang, Wei, Jian Chen, Xinghua Yu, David A. Frederick, and Zhili Feng. "Heat Input and Post Weld Heat Treatment Effects on Reduced-Activation Ferritic/Martensitic Steel Friction Stir Welds." In Friction Stir Welding and Processing VIII, 83–87. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119093343.ch9.

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Tang, Wei, Jian Chen, Xinghua Yu, David A. Frederick, and Zhili Feng. "Heat Input and Post Weld Heat Treatment Effects on Reduced-Activation Ferritic/Martensitic Steel Friction Stir Welds." In Friction Stir Welding and Processing VIII, 83–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48173-9_9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Friction stir weld"

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Shanavas, S., and J. Edwin Raja Dhas. "ANFIS modeling of friction stir weld parameters." In 2016 International Conference on Control, Instrumentation, Communication and Computational Technologies (ICCICCT). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccicct.2016.7988056.

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Adapa, S., T. P. Chu, and J. A. Schneider. "Evaluation of Friction Stir Welds." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-82126.

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An Image correlation technique to evaluate the structural properties and behavior of the Friction Stir Welds (FSW) is presented. The technique used is Sub-Pixel Digital Image Correlation (SPDIC). Four weld samples made of Al-2219 and Al-2195 alloys but different surface treatments are tested under tensile loads and the digital images of these samples are correlated using SPDIC. Stress-strain graphs and strain contours are obtained from the results. From the stress-strain graphs the structural properties and the behavior of the weld material are determined. The results indicate that SPDIC is a steadfast tool to determine the structural behavior and material properties of the weld samples.

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Wahab, Muhammad A., David Taylor, and Efstathios Meletis. "Study of Embrittled Friction-Stir-Welds." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-13086.

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A reduction in mechanical properties has been observed in Friction-Stir-Welded (FSW) Aluminum panels. This reduction in strength has generally been attributed to Residual Oxide Defect (ROD). From NASA experience it was also found that certain processing parameters would yield these reduced mechanical properties. The strength of FSW Aluminum panels generally decreases with increasing tool travel rate, decreasing rotation speed, and offset of the weld seam to the retreating side of the FSW tool. The microstructure of welds exhibiting these strength reduction as well as welds that behaved as expected were examined to determine microstructural effects of processing parameters. Therefore the evolutions of microstructural properties are immensely important to understand and evaluate to avoid any catastrophic failures due to the defects arising from welding operations. Scanning Electron Microscopy shows that these weld conditions are accompanied by large precipitates along the grain boundary for both AA-2219 and AA-2195 FSW welded samples. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) also shows the precipitates to be “theta particles (Al2Cu)” and intermetallics in the AA-2219; and T1 (Al2CuLi), and TB particles in the AA-2195. The large size and heavy distributions of these precipitates, especially on the advancing side of the weld seam may influence these properties. It is determined that the existence of ROD in the samples must be analyzed systematically and carefully through the evolutions of microstructures, if catastrophic failures are to be avoided during service conditions. A more complete understanding of this phenomenon is necessary to ensure consistent and predictable weld properties thereby reducing or eliminating the risk of unforeseen failures.

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Sizova, Olga, Alexander Kolubaev, Evgeny Kolubaev, Anastasiya Zaikina, Valery Rubtsov, Sergey Psakhie, Alexander Chernyavsky, and Vitaly Lopota. "The microstructure of aluminum-magnesium alloy friction stir weld." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHYSICAL MESOMECHANICS OF MULTILEVEL SYSTEMS 2014. AIP Publishing LLC, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4899013.

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Steel, Russell, Colin Sterling, Tracy Nelson, and Scott Packer. "Friction Stir Welding in Pipeline Applications." In 2004 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2004-0164.

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Friction stir welding (FSW) is a relatively new joining process which has exhibited many advantages over traditional arc welding processes such as the elimination of solidification defects and reduced distortion. With the introduction of new tool material technology such as the use of polycrystalline cubic boron nitride, materials such as steels, stainless steels, and nickel base alloys have successfully been FSW. Though there are many advantages to friction stir welding, there has been very little work in applying the process to out of position welds, such as those found in pipelines. This study outlines the progression from linear friction stir welding to initial work consisting of the rotation of pipe coupons on a turn table and finally to the design of a portable FSW machine able to weld 305 mm (12 inches) diameter line pipe. A brief summary of FSW weld characteristics are given for API grades X65, X80, and X100 steels.

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Sathish, Shamachary, Kumar V. Jata, Richard W. Martin, and Richard Reibel. "Focused Acoustic Beam Evaluation of Aluminum — Lithium Friction Stir Weld." In REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION. AIP, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2718089.

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Feng, Zhili, Russell Steel, Scott Packer, and Stan A. David. "Friction Stir Welding of API Garde 65 Steel Pipes." In ASME 2009 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2009-77248.

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Friction stir welding (FSW), a novel solid-state joining process, was applied to girth weld API 5L Grade 65 steel pipes with an outer diameter of 12.75″ (324 mm) and a wall thickness of 0.25″ (6.35 mm). Fully consolidated single pass butt welds were obtained using a specially designed mechanized portable FSW system suitable for on-site pipe construction welding. The friction stir girth weld shows a slightly overmatched strength and superior impact toughness in comparison with the base metal, a very desirable combination of properties for pipeline weld that can be attributed to the wrought microstructure with refined grains in the stir zone (SZ), the thermal-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), and the heat-affected zone (HAZ).

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Karrar, Gihad, A. N. Shuaib, F. A. Al-Badour, N. Merah, and A. K. Mahgoub. "Friction Stir Butt Welding of Commercially Pure Copper Plates." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-38378.

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This paper presents the results of studying friction stir butt welding of commercial pure copper plates using both experimental and finite element analysis methods. The experimental work consisted of making a butt joint to 4 mm copper plates using friction stir welding process at constant rotational speed of the pin tool to evaluate the effect of welding speed on weld quality. Weld quality was evaluated by the joints tensile strength, micro hardness, as well as evolution of the developed microstructure across the welding zone. A coupled Eulerian Lagrangian (CEL) finite element (FE) model had been developed to simulate the friction stir butt welding process, and predict the temperature distributions across the weld, as well as developed welding stresses. Axial load and temperature measurements results from the experiments have been used to validate the finite element model.

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Pitschman, Matthew, Jacob W. Dolecki, Garret W. Johns, Jun Zhou, and John T. Roth. "Application of Electric Current in Friction Stir Welding." In ASME 2010 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2010-34166.

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Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a relatively new joining technique and has many applications. In FSW, heat generated due to friction between FSW tool and work-piece material softens the material and allows the materials in work-pieces to be stirred and joined together. FSW allows the work-pieces to be joined without reaching the melting point of the material, thus resulting in better welds. However, a large amount of mechanical energy has to be consumed for FSW of high-strength, difficult-to-weld metals such as titanium alloys. Hence, new FSW methods should be investigated to reduce the required energy. In this study, an innovative electrically-enhanced friction stir welding (EEFSW) has been developed. Electric current is passed in welding coupons of Aluminum 6061 plates and its effect on welding process and welds are examined. The results indicate that, with the aid of electric current, improvement in welding speed and reduction in energy consumption is obtainable, which enhances the productivity and widens the range of applications of FSW. Weld properties are found to be affected by the introduced current as well.

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Ramesha, K., P. D. Sudersanan, N. Santhosh, and Sasidhar Jangam. "Corrosion Characterization of Friction Stir Weld Joints of Dissimilar Aluminum Alloys." In Proceedings of the Fist International Conference on Advanced Scientific Innovation in Science, Engineering and Technology, ICASISET 2020, 16-17 May 2020, Chennai, India. EAI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.16-5-2020.2304097.

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Reports on the topic "Friction stir weld"

1

Miller, Richard. A Preliminary Report on the Strength and Metallography of a Bimetallic Friction Stir Weld Joint Between AA6061 and MIL-DTL-46100E High Hardness Steel Armor. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada580292.

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Fuller, Christian, Marray Mahoney, and William Bingel. Friction Stir Processing Of Aluminum Fusion Welds. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada518810.

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