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Journal articles on the topic 'Friction welding. Steel, Stainless Microstructure'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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1

Lakshminarayanan, A. K., and K. L. Harikrishna. "Role of Overlap Ratio on the Microstructure of Friction Stir Multiseam Cladded Copper-Stainless Steel Lap Joints." Materials Science Forum 979 (March 2020): 102–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.979.102.

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Dissimilar welding of copper to stainless steel using conventional welding processes usually exhibits defects such as solidification cracks, lack of fusion and deterioration in mechanical properties due to the difference in the base metal properties. This is mainly due to minimum solubility of copper in stainless steel. Use of solid state welding such as friction stir welding can be potential solution to this problem. This study is carried out with the aim of cladding copper sheet on a stainless steel by friction stir welding variant known as friction stir cladding. Considering practical appli

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2

Park, S. H. C., Yutaka S. Sato, Hiroyuki Kokawa, Kazutaka Okamoto, Satoshi Hirano, and Masahisa Inagaki. "Microstructure of Friction-Stir-Welded High-Nitrogen Stainless Steel." Materials Science Forum 539-543 (March 2007): 3757–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.539-543.3757.

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Friction stir welding (FSW) was applied to a 0.53% nitrogen stainless steel. The nitrogen content change and the microstructural evolution in the weld were investigated. The nitrogen content analysis revealed that the stir zone (SZ) showed roughly the same nitrogen content as the base material (BM). This result suggests that FSW is an effective welding process for keeping up nitrogen content of high-nitrogen steel weld. The microstructural observation showed that the weld had the BM, the SZ, the partially recrystallized zone (PRZ) and the heat affected zone (HAZ). The coarse grain structure of

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3

Umanath, K., and K. Palanikumar. "Influence of Process Parameter on Microstructural Characteristics and Tensile Properties of Friction Welded ASS304L Alloy." Applied Mechanics and Materials 766-767 (June 2015): 745–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.766-767.745.

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The rotary type continuous friction welding process is a solid state joining process by mechanically. It produces a joint in the forging pressure contact with rotating and motionless workpiece. The solid state joining process it produces welds with reduced distortion and improved mechanical properties. The austenitic stainless steels are widely used in shipbuilding field, nuclear field and automobile field because of their special mechanical and metallurgical properties. In this work, friction welding of austenitic stainless steel rods of 10mm diameter was investigated with an aim to understan

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4

Skowrońska, Beata, Tomasz Chmielewski, Mariusz Kulczyk, Jacek Skiba, and Sylwia Przybysz. "Microstructural Investigation of a Friction-Welded 316L Stainless Steel with Ultrafine-Grained Structure Obtained by Hydrostatic Extrusion." Materials 14, no. 6 (2021): 1537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14061537.

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The paper presents the microstructural investigation of a friction-welded joint made of 316L stainless steel with an ultrafine-grained structure obtained by hydrostatic extrusion (HE). Such a plastically deformed material is characterized by a metastable state of energy equilibrium, increasing, among others, its sensitivity to high temperatures. This feature makes it difficult to weld ultra-fine-grained metals without losing their high mechanical properties. The use of high-speed friction welding and a friction time of <1 s reduced the scale of the weakening of the friction joint in relatio

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5

Çelik, Sare, and Ismail Ersozlu. "Investigation of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Friction Welded Aisi 316 and Ck 45 Steels." High Temperature Materials and Processes 33, no. 2 (2014): 161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2013-0042.

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AbstractThis study has arisen from the necessity to manufacture an impeller and a shaft pair of a water pump from two different types of steels. The impeller has to have resistant to corrosion and the shaft has to have magnetic permeability property. It is deemed suitable to use the AISI 316 austenitic stainless steel performing high resistance corrosion for the impeller and Ck 45 carbon steel with magnetic permeability property for the shaft. The joining of AISI 316 and Ck 45 steels has been achieved by using the friction welding method. After welding process, the tests of tensile and micro h

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Madhusudhan Reddy, G., and Adula Rajasekhar. "Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 16Cr-2Ni Stainless Steel Fusion and Solid State Welds-Influence of Post Weld Treatments." Advanced Materials Research 794 (September 2013): 289–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.794.289.

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Many critical applications in chemical equipment, aircraft and ordinance demand a material of construction with high strength and good corrosion resistance. Frequently the strength requirement exceeds that obtainable with austenitic or ferritic stainless steel and it is necessary to use one of the martensitic stainless steels. Since martensitic stainless steels are structural materials, weldability has been an important consideration in their development. AISI 431 is one of the most potentially attractive steels in this class used extensively for parts requiring a combination of high tensile s

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7

Umanath, K., K. Palanikumar, V. Balasubramanian, and S. T. Selvamani. "Sensitivity Analysis of Friction Welding Process Parameters on Tensile Properties of ASS304L Alloy." Applied Mechanics and Materials 766-767 (June 2015): 757–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.766-767.757.

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The friction welding method could be a solid state connection method that produces a joint within the forging force contact of revolving and stationary workpiece. The solid state connection method, it produces welds with reduced distortion and improved mechanical properties. The austenitic stainless steels are wide employed in completely different industrial applications like building, nuclear trade and automobile industries owing to their special mechanical and metallurgical properties. During this work, friction welding of austenitic stainless-steel rods of 10mm diameter was investigated wit

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Khalid Rafi, H., G. D. Janaki Ram, G. Phanikumar, and K. Prasad Rao. "Microstructure and Properties of Friction Surfaced Stainless Steel and Tool Steel Coatings." Materials Science Forum 638-642 (January 2010): 864–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.638-642.864.

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Friction surfacing is a novel solid state surface coating process with several advantages over conventional fusion welding based surfacing processes. In this work, austenitic stainless steel (AISI 310) and tool steel (H13) coatings were friction deposited on mild steel substrates for corrosion and wear protection, respectively. Microstructural studies were carried out by using optical and scanning electron microscopy. Shear tests and bend tests (ASTM A264) were conducted to assess the integrity of the coatings. This study brings out the microstructural features across the coating/substrate int

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9

Teker, Tanju, Eyyüp Murat Karakurt, Murat Özabaci, and Yaşar Güleryüz. "Investigation of the weldability of AISI304 and AISI1030 steels welded by friction welding." Metallurgical Research & Technology 117, no. 6 (2020): 601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2020058.

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In this study, the effect of rotational speed on the microstructure and weldability of AISI1030 steel and AISI304 stainless steel welded by friction welding method were investigated experimentally. The weld joints were manufactured with rotational speed (1500, 1600, 1700, 1800, 1900, and 2000 rev/min.), friction pressure (40 MPa), forging pressure (60 MPa), forging time (4 s), and friction time (6 s). After the FW process, the microstructures of the weld interfaces were analyzed by optic microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry, elemental mapping, and X-ray diff

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Cerri, Emanuela, Alessandro Pirondi, and Jean Pierre Bergmann. "Friction Stir Welded AISI 304 Metal Sheets for Application in Food Implants." Materials Science Forum 1016 (January 2021): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1016.63.

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Stainless steels are indispensable materials in many industrial fields. They can be easily shaped and joined by traditional welding methods. Some problematics such as possible decrease in corrosion resistance at the welding bead and in the heat-effected zone, residual stress, crack formation and distortions may take place after welding. Friction Stir Welding (FSW) may be used for joining stainless steels in a single pass and for optimising microstructure and mechanical properties of the processed region. The application of FSW to the widely used AISI304 stainless steel is investigated in food

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Amuda, M. O. H., and S. Mridha. "Grain Refinement in Ferritic Stainless Steel Welds: The Journey so Far." Advanced Materials Research 83-86 (December 2009): 1165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.83-86.1165.

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The ferritic stainless steel is a low cost alternative to the most often adopted austenitic stainless steel due to its higher strength, better ductility and superior corrosion resistance in caustic and chloride environments. However, the application of ferritic steel is limited because of poor ductility and notch impact toughness of its weld section with differential grain structures. Several techniques have been explored to control the grain features of the weld to minimize these problems. In the present effort, a review of these options in relation to the degree of grain refinement in ferrit

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12

Nakamura, Mitsuru, Yuki Sawada, and Yutaka S. Sato. "Metallographic Study of Lapped FSW between Ductile Cast Iron and Austenite Type Stainless Steel." Materials Science Forum 638-642 (January 2010): 1197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.638-642.1197.

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This study was investigated the influence of preheat temperature and welding speed by a view point of microstructure of joining zone used by friction stir welding (FSW) between ductile cast irons and stainless steels. FSW conditions were carried out by change of tool rotation by 200, 400 and 600rpm, preheat temperature by non-preheat, 573 and 773K, and welding speed by 1～10mm/s. As a result, microstructure of FCD450 side became a pearlite structure changed by preheat condition. Also, stir zone (SZ) of FSW were crystallized the chill structure because of cast iron melted partially why SZ temper

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13

Sahin, Mumin. "Characterization of properties in friction-welded austenitic-stainless steel and aluminium joints." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 66, no. 2 (2014): 260–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-11-2011-0100.

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Purpose – The main purpose of the present study was to evaluate the metallurgical and mechanical properties of dissimilar metal friction welds (FWs) between aluminium and type 304 stainless steel. Design/methodology/approach – One of the manufacturing methods used to produce parts made from different materials is the FW method. Therefore, in the present study, austenitic stainless steel and aluminium parts were joined by FW. Tensile, fatigue and notch-impact tests were applied to FW specimens, and the results were compared with those for the original materials. Microstructure, energy dispersiv

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14

Salekrostam, R., M. K. Besharati Givi, P. Asadi, and P. Bahemmat. "Influence of Friction Stir Processing Parameters on the Fabrication of SiC/316L Surface Composite." Defect and Diffusion Forum 297-301 (April 2010): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.297-301.221.

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Compared to the many fusion welding processes that are routinely used for joining stainless steel 316L, the friction stir welding (FSW) process is an emerging solid state joining process in which the material that is being welded does not melt and is being recast. The welding parameters play a major role in deciding the weld quality. In this investigation an attempt has been made to understand the influences of rotational speed and traverse speed of the tool on the microstructure of the friction stir processing zone in stainless steel 316L. Five different tool rotational speeds have been used

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Santos, Tiago F. A., Ricardo R. Marinho, Marcelo T. P. Paes, and Antonio J. Ramirez. "Microstructure evaluation of UNS S32205 duplex stainless steel friction stir welds." Rem: Revista Escola de Minas 66, no. 2 (2013): 187–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0370-44672013000200008.

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UNS S32205 duplex stainless steel welds were performed by friction stir welding (FSW). Advancing and retreating sides showed distinct characteristics in the welded joint. The advancing side shows the strongest grain refinement which is corroborated by microhardness measurements. The microstructure characterization was carried out by optical, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The thermomechanically affected zone displays austenite islands deformed in a ferrite matrix. The stir zone (SZ) showed a fine recrystallized microstructure providing an outstanding increase of hardness associ

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Çam, G., G. İpekoğlu, T. Küçükömeroğlu, and S. M. Aktarer. "Applicability of Friction Stir Welding to steels." Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 2, no. 80 (2017): 65–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.2027.

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significant developments in joining technology to emerge in the last 30 years. The technique has originally been developed for joining difficult-to-fusion-weld Al-alloys, particularly for high strength grades and now widely used in various industrial applications, such as transport industries. On the other hand, the application of FSW to high temperature materials such as steels is hindered due to the problems associated with the stirring tools although there is a wide interest for the application of this technique to these materials. Design/methodology/approach: The aim of this review is to a

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17

Zhao, Yunqiang, Chunlin Dong, Zhongxue Jia, et al. "Microstructure Characteristics and Corrosion Resistance of Friction Stir Welded 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2021 (February 23, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8890274.

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In this study, 2205 duplex stainless steel was friction-stir-welded at different welding speeds. The microstructural characteristics such as grain sizes, grain boundary misorientation angles, and phase contents in the stir zones of the joints were detected. The potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were also measured to evaluate the corrosion property of the stir zones. The effects of the microstructures on the corrosion property for friction-stir-welded 2205 duplex stainless steel were analyzed. The results indicated that the FSW process refined the grains an

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18

Balasubramanian, V., A. K. Lakshminarayanan, and S. Malarvizhi. "Effect of Welding Processes on Fatigue Behaviour of AISI 409M Grade Ferritic Stainless Steel Joints." Advanced Materials Research 794 (September 2013): 391–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.794.391.

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The present investigation is aimed at to study the effect of four welding processes namely friction stir welding, gas tungsten arc welding, laser beam welding and electron beam welding on fatigue behavior of the ferritic stainless steel conforming to AISI 409M grade. Rolled plates of 4 mm thickness were used as the base material for preparing single pass butt welded joints. The fatigue life and fatigue crack growth behavior were evaluated using hourglass and centre cracked tension (CCT) specimens respectively. A 100 kN servo hydraulic controlled fatigue testing machine was used under constant

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19

Imani, Yousef, M. K. Besharati Givi, and Michel Guillot. "Improving Friction Stir Welding between Copper and 304L Stainless Steel." Advanced Materials Research 409 (November 2011): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.409.263.

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As a solid-state welding technology, friction stir welding (FSW) can join dissimilar materials with good mechanical properties. In this paper, friction stir welding between 304L stainless steel and commercially pure copper plates with thicknesses of 3 mm was performed. A number of FSW experiments were carried out to obtain the optimum mechanical properties by adjusting the rotational speed to 1000 rpm and welding speed in the range of 14-112 mm/min and with an adjustable offset of the pin location with respect to the butt line. Microstructural analyses have been done to check the weld quality.

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Vignesh, A., V. G. Vijay Prakaash, and A. K. Lakshminarayanan. "Improving Wear Resistance of AISI 316LN Austenitic Stainless Steel Using Friction Stir Processing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 787 (August 2015): 421–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.787.421.

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An attempt is made to modify the surface metallurgically and enhance the wear resistance of AISI 316LN austenitic stainless steel using friction stir processing. Friction stir welding tools made up of tungsten based alloy with pin and pinless configuration was used. Fine equiaxed grains were observed in the friction stir processed zone irrespective of tool configuration used. Dry sliding wear resistance was evaluated using pin-on-disc wear tester and it is found that, the friction stir processed zone showed superior wear resistance compared to the base metal. Microstructure, micro hardness, an

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Kim, Nam Yong, Jeoung Han Kim, Yu Sik Kong, et al. "The Effect of Post Weld Heat Treatment on Mechanical Properties of Friction-Welded Alloy 718 and SNCRW Stainless Steel." Advanced Materials Research 26-28 (October 2007): 511–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.26-28.511.

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The effect of post weld heat treatment on mechanical properties of friction welded Alloy 718 and SNCRW was investigated. Friction welding tests were carried out at a constant rotation speed and pressure. Optimum friction condition was found to be the friction pressure of 25kg/cm2, friction time of 40sec, upset pressure of 80 kg/cm2, and dwell time of 5sec. After friction welding tests, post weld heat treatments were performed in the temperature range of 500-900°C for 8hrs in order to investigate the microstructure and mechanical properties of weld joint. Specimens with the post weld heat treat

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Wang, Wenyang, Ye Hu, Tong Wu, Dan Zhao, and Hongwei Zhao. "Effect of Rotation Speed on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Friction-Stir-Welded 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2020 (May 5, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5176536.

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In the present study, 1.86-mm-thick steel plates (UNS S32205) were friction-stir-welded at various rotation speeds of 300 to 600 rpm and a constant welding speed of 100 mm·min−1. The effect of rotation speed on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the welds was researched. The welding temperature was recorded during friction stir welding (FSW), and the microstructure and mechanical properties of the welds were assessed. The incomplete penetration defect was formed at 300 rpm due to the insufficient heat input, and macroscopic groove-like defect was formed at 600 rpm because of the s

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23

Ates, H., and N. Kaya. "Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Friction Welded AISI 304 Stainless Steel to AISI 1060 Steel AISI 1060." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 59, no. 3 (2014): 841–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amm-2014-0142.

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Abstract Rotary Friction welding is one of the most popular methods of joining similar and dissimilar materials. It is widely used with metals and thermoplastics in a wide variety of aviation, transport and aerospace industrial component designs. This study investigates the influence of friction and upsetting pressures on the hardness, tensile properties and microstructure of the welds. The experimental results showed that as the friction and upsetting pressures increased, the hardness and tensile strength values increased, as well. The tensile fracture of welded joint occurred in the AISI 106

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ZHAO, Lizhe, Wenbiao GONG, Rui ZHU, Mingyue GONG, and Heng CUI. "Effect of Friction Pressure on Microstructure and Properties of Friction Welded Joints of Pure Aluminum/304 Stainless Steel." Materials Science 27, no. 3 (2021): 276–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j02.ms.23410.

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Continuous drive friction welding was used to realize the high quality connection between pure aluminum and 304 stainless steel. The composition of interface micro-zone and mechanical properties of joint were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), tensile test and hardness test. The formation mechanism of intermetallic compound (IMC) during friction welding was discussed. The results show that under the experimental parameters, the joint surface is uneven and two intermetallic compounds, Fe2Al5 and FeAl3, are formed. With the increase of friction pressure, the

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Zhang, C. H., Y. F. Jia, M. Guan, C. L. Wu, J. Z. Tan, and S. Zhang. "Microstructure and Property of Fe-Based Alloy Modified Layer on 304 Stainless Steel by High-Energy Pulse Laser-Like Cladding (HPLC)." Materials Science Forum 879 (November 2016): 2255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.879.2255.

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Fe-based alloy modified layers were prepared on 304 stainless steels by high-energy pulse laser-like cold welding cladding technique. The microstructure, composition and phase constituents of the cladding layers were analyzed using SEM, EDS and XRD, respectively. The microhardness, friction-wear and cavitation erosion resistance were also investigated using microhardness tester, pin-on-disk wear-testing machine and ultrasonic vibrator. Experimental results showed that Fe-based alloy modified layer was mainly composed of α-Fe matrix phase and skeleton-like Cr23C6, Cr7C3 carbide reinforced phase

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Baek, Seung Wook, Won Bae Lee, Ja Myeong Koo, Chang Yong Lee, and Seung Boo Jung. "A Comparative Evaluation of Friction-Welded and Brazed Ti and AISI 321 Stainless Steel Joints." Materials Science Forum 580-582 (June 2008): 423–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.580-582.423.

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Microstructure and mechanical properties of friction welded and vacuum brazed Ti/AISI 321 stainless steel have been evaluated with various welding conditions. Maximum tensile strength of friction welded joints was approximately 420 MPa with the conditions of 400 MPa of upset pressure (P2) and friction time (t1) within 2.0 s. Maximum tensile strength of brazed joints was acquired under the condition of 900 °C brazing temperature and 5 min. brazing time and showed approximately 275MPa which was about 80% of that of the Ti base metal. Friction welded Ti/AISI 321 joints showed the superior tensile

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Kokawa, Hiroyuki, Seung Hwan C. Park, Yutaka S. Sato, Kazutaka Okamoto, Satoshi Hirano, and Masahisa Inagaki. "Microstructural Evolution in 304 Austenitic Stainless Steel during Friction Stir Welding." Materials Science Forum 580-582 (June 2008): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.580-582.9.

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The characteristics of microstructures in friction stir (FS) weld of 304 austenitic stainless steel were examined. The stir zone (SZ) and thermomechanically affected zone (TMAZ) showed dynamically recrystallized and recovered microstructures, respectively. The hardness of the SZ was higher than that of the base material and the maximum hardness was located in the TMAZ. The higher hardness in TMAZ was attributed to high density of dislocations and sub-boundaries. Electron microscopic observations revealed that ferrite and sigma phases were formed in austenite matrix in the SZ during friction st

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Mostaan, Hossein, Mehdi Safari, and Arash Bakhtiari. "Micro friction stir lap welding of AISI 430 ferritic stainless steel: a study on the mechanical properties, microstructure, texture and magnetic properties." Metallurgical Research & Technology 115, no. 3 (2018): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2018003.

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In this study, the effect of friction stir welding of AISI 430 (X6Cr17, material number 1.4016) ferritic stainless steel is examined. Two thin sheets with dimensions of 0.4 × 50 × 200 mm3 are joined in lap configuration. Optical microscopy and field emission electron microscopy were used in order to microstructural evaluations and fracture analysis, respectively. Tensile test and microhardness measurements are employed in order to study the mechanical behaviors of welds. Also, vibrational sample magnetometry (VSM) is employed for characterizing magnetic properties of welded samples. Texture an

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LISIECKA, Barbara, and Agata DUDEK. "MICROSTRUCTURE AND FRICTION PARAMETERS OF THE SURFACE LAYER OF SINTERED STAINLESS STEELS." Tribologia 286, no. 4 (2019): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.5964.

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Sintered stainless steel (SSS) is manufactured using the powder metallurgy technology (PM). SSSs are characterized by a two–phase structure which can be obtained by mixing different proportions of the main structural components (i.e. austenite and ferrite). Taking into account the improvement of functional properties of SSSs, a number of surface modifications have been proposed. This study proposes a method to improve functional properties by formation of chromium carbide coating and alloying the surface by the gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process. The results of light optical microscopy an

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Li, Huabing, Shouxing Yang, Shucai Zhang, et al. "Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of friction stir welding super-austenitic stainless steel S32654." Materials & Design 118 (March 2017): 207–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2017.01.034.

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Wang, Guilong, Jinglong Li, Jiangtao Xiong, Wei Zhou, and Fusheng Zhang. "Study on microstructure evolution of AISI 304 stainless steel joined by rotary friction welding." Welding in the World 62, no. 6 (2018): 1187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40194-018-0613-7.

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Siddiquee, Arshad Noor, Sunil Pandey, Mustufa Haider Abidi, Abdulrahman Al-Ahmari, Noor Zaman Khan, and Namrata Gangil. "Microstructural characterization and in-process traverse force during friction stir welding of austenitic stainless steel." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 234, no. 5 (2019): 1031–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406219888238.

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Welding AISI 304 stainless steel is challenging, especially as fusion-based welding processes (such as arc welding) severely undermine the material's corrosion resistance due to sensitization. Solid-state friction stir welding is one of the most suitable alternatives. Friction stir welding of high-strength high-softening materials such as AISI 304 is difficult mainly because of the non-availability of affordable tools and tool life. In this study, AISI 304 stainless steel was successfully butt-welded by friction stir welding. The experiments were performed using Taguchi's L27 orthogonal array.

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Cho, Jae Hyung, Hyung Wuk Kim, and Suk Bong Kang. "Overview of Modeling Strength Evolution during Friction Stir Welding." Materials Science Forum 575-578 (April 2008): 805–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.575-578.805.

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Using two-dimensional Eulerian formulations coupling viscoplastic flow and heat transfer, the behaviors of aluminum alloys and stainless steel during FSW were overviewed. The plastic behaviors of the materials are complicated and the flow stresses are depending on deformation rate, temperature and deformation histories. Constitutive equations considering both strain hardening from accumulation of crystal defects and softening from recovery or recrystallization were used to model the materials. Strain hardening is incorporated with a strength that evolves with deformation rate and temperature a

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Ogura, Tomo, Taichi Nishida, Makoto Takahashi, Hidehito Nishida, Mitsuo Fujimoto, and Akio Hirose. "Interfacial Reaction during Dissimilar Friction Stir Lap Welding of Aluminum Alloy to Stainless Steel." Materials Science Forum 794-796 (June 2014): 389–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.794-796.389.

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A friction stir welded A3003 aluminum alloy /SUS304 stainless steel dissimilar lap joint was successfully produced. A sound joint that fractured at the base metal was obtained in the center region of the joint through the reaction layer of aluminum-rich intermetallic compounds with nanoorder thickness. The microstructural changes at the interface of the joint was examined by studying the hole left by the extracted welding tool produced at the end of the friction stir welding (FSW) bead using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Mixed layers consisted of ultra-fined intermetallic compounds a

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Ma, Hong, Guoliang Qin, Peihao Geng, Fei Li, Banglong Fu, and Xiangmeng Meng. "Microstructure characterization and properties of carbon steel to stainless steel dissimilar metal joint made by friction welding." Materials & Design 86 (December 2015): 587–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2015.07.068.

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Khodadadi, Ali, Morteza Shamanian, and Fathallah Karimzadeh. "Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Dissimilar Friction Stir Spot Welding Between St37 Steel and 304 Stainless Steel." Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 26, no. 6 (2017): 2847–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11665-017-2703-x.

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P, Anitha, Manik ChandraMajumder, Saravanan V, and Rajakumar S. "Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Friction-welded AISI 304 with AISI 430 Dissimilar Steels." Materials Physics and Chemistry 1, no. 3 (2019): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.18282/mpc.v1i3.582.

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In this paper, standard SS304 austenitic stainless steel and SS430 ferritic steel cylindrical rods were fabricated by friction welding process by varying the frictional pressure and forge pressure in order to understand the effect of process parameter. The tensile strength and Vickers micro hardness tests were conducted for each fabricated joint to evaluate the mechanical properties of the welded specimen. It was found that sample S5 with friction pressure of 90 MPa and forging Pressure of 120 MPa has the high tensile strength value of 637 MPa and 372HV at the interface region. A detailed micr

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Rajasekaran, R., AK Lakshminarayanan, M. Vasudevan, and P. Vasantharaja. "Role of welding processes on microstructure and mechanical properties of nuclear grade stainless steel joints." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 233, no. 11 (2019): 2335–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464420719849448.

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Nuclear grade 316LN austenitic stainless steel weld joints were fabricated using conventional gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW), activated flux gas tungsten arc welding (AGTAW), laser beam welding (LBW) and friction stir welding (FSW) processes. Assessment of weld beads was done by mechanical and metallurgical characterizations. Bead geometry and weld zones were studied by taking macrographs along the transverse side of the weld joints. Metallurgical features of different weld joints were carried out using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Microhardness distribution across fou

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Geng, Xin, Hao Feng, Zhouhua Jiang, et al. "Microstructure, Mechanical and Corrosion Properties of Friction Stir Welding High Nitrogen Martensitic Stainless Steel 30Cr15Mo1N." Metals 6, no. 12 (2016): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met6120301.

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Wen, G. D., J. L. Li, S. Q. Wang, D. Z. Tian, and M. M. Dong. "Effect of forge pressure on the microstructure and mechanical properties of high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel joints by continuous drive friction welding." International Journal of Modern Physics B 34, no. 04 (2020): 2050005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979220500058.

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The high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel joint was fabricated by continuous drive friction welding (CDFW). The aim of this work is to study the effect of forge pressure on the microstructure and mechanical properties of austenitic stainless steel joints. The microstructure, the hardness, and the tensile properties of joint were analyzed using optical microcopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), a computerized Buehler hardness tester and universal testing machine. The results showed that the welding process resulted in a remarkable microstructure change across the joint. The band [Formula

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Sekar, K., and P. Vasanthakumar. "Microstructural Evaluation of Similar and Dissimilar Welding of Aluminum Metal Matrix Hybrid Composite by Friction Stir Welding." Materials Science Forum 979 (March 2020): 124–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.979.124.

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To address the challenges of reducing the CO2 emission in automotives, Aluminum metal matrix hybrid composites have been extensively used in automotive and aerospace industries for the fabrication of light weight structure. Huge demand in joining dissimilar metals increased day by day, because it reduces the weight and cost of components by utilizing hybrid structures. The friction stir welding is adopted for dissimilar AA5754 rheo-squeeze cast (RSC) with AA7075 stir casted hybrid composite. Micro sized B4C and nanosized Al2O3 are reinforced into this material. Friction stir welding of these a

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Zandsalimi, Sirvan, Akbar Heidarzadeh, and Tohid Saeid. "Dissimilar friction-stir welding of 430 stainless steel and 6061 aluminum alloy: Microstructure and mechanical properties of the joints." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 233, no. 9 (2018): 1791–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464420718789447.

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The effect of friction-stir welding parameters on the microstructure and the mechanical properties of the dissimilar 430 stainless steel and 6061 aluminum alloy joints were investigated. Optical and scanning electron microscopes in conjunction with energy dispersive X-ray analysis were employed to study the microstructure of the joints. Tensile and microhardness tests were used to evaluate the mechanical properties. The results showed that the best appearance quality was achieved at a rotational speed of 900 r/min, a traverse speed of 120 mm/min, and a tool offset of zero. The tool offset was

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Jafarzadegan, M., A. H. Feng, A. Abdollah-zadeh, T. Saeid, J. Shen, and H. Assadi. "Microstructural characterization in dissimilar friction stir welding between 304 stainless steel and st37 steel." Materials Characterization 74 (December 2012): 28–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2012.09.004.

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Cheepu, Muralimohan, V. Muthupandi, and S. Loganathan. "Friction Welding of Titanium to 304 Stainless Steel with Electroplated Nickel Interlayer." Materials Science Forum 710 (January 2012): 620–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.710.620.

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Friction welding is a solid state joining process and it is best suited for joining dissimilar metals. It overcomes the problems associated with the conventional fusion welding processes. The joining of dissimilar metals using fusion welding processes produce brittle intermetallic precipitates at the interface which reduce the mechanical strength. Various aerospace, nuclear, chemical and cryogenic applications demand joints between titanium and stainless steel. Direct joining of these metals results in brittle intermetallics like FeTi and FexTiy, at the weld interface, which is to be avoided i

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Pfeiffer, Christian, Thomas Weinberger, H. Schröttner, Stefan Mitsche, and Norbert Enzinger. "Investigation of Friction Stir Welding of Stainless Steel Using a Stop-Action-Technique." Advanced Materials Research 409 (November 2011): 293–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.409.293.

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Especially for aluminium and its alloys friction stir welding (FSW) has become an established welding process. In contrast FSW for steel is still challenging and in basic research. Some reasons are the high price of the tungsten based tools, the durability of the tools and the low welding speeds. For further development of the process, it is necessary to understand the metallurgical changes in the stirred material during welding. In this work, a 4mm thick stainless steel plate (1.4301) was welded with different types of tungsten-alloyed tools. A so called stop-action-technique was used at the

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Ahl Sarmadi, Mohammad, Morteza Shamanian, Hossein Edris, Amir Behjat, M. A. Mohtadi-Bonab, and Jerzy Szpunar. "Effect of Friction Stir Welding on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Super Duplex Stainless Steel." Metallography, Microstructure, and Analysis 10, no. 3 (2021): 383–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13632-021-00754-6.

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Lu, Gui-peng, Li-zhe Zhao, Wei Liu, Yu-meng Sun, and Wen-biao Gong. "Effect of the upset pressure on Microstructure and Properties of Friction Welded Joints of 6082 aluminum alloy/304 stainless steel." Metallurgical Research & Technology 118, no. 5 (2021): 507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2021067.

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The dissimilar connection between 6082 aluminum alloy and 304 stainless steel was realized by continuous drive friction welding. Microstructures of the joint were studied by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). In the process of continuous drive welding, the intermetallic compounds (IMCs) Fe2Al5 phase was observed at the interface, the formation mechanism of IMC was discussed, and the corresponding analysis model was established. When the upset pressure in the range of 6–10 MPa, the element diffusion distance increases with the increase of

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Yaemphuan, Paiboon, Surat Triwanapong, and Kittipong Kimapong. "Shear Strength and Fracture Location of Dissimilar A6063 Aluminum Alloy and SUS430 Stainless Steel Lap Joint." Key Engineering Materials 773 (July 2018): 196–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.773.196.

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In this paper, friction stir welding (FSW) was used to weld the dissimilar A6063 Aluminum/SUS430 stainless steel lap joint with various parameter setting in a welding process. The setting included a rotating speed between 125-750 rpm, a welding speed between the 25-175 mm/min and 0-5 degrees of tool tilted angle. The welded lap joints were systematically examined in regard of the tensile-shear strength, the fracture path, and microstructure. The experimental results were concluded as follows. The decrease in the welding heat input generated from the low rotating speed and the high welding resu

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Balos, Sebastian, Miroslav Dramicanin, Petar Janjatovic, et al. "Suppressing the Use of Critical Raw Materials in Joining of AISI 304 Stainless Steel Using Activated Tungsten Inert Gas Welding." Metals 9, no. 11 (2019): 1187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9111187.

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The aim of this study was to study the influence of TiO2 coating for its efficacy during the activated-tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding and to suppress the use of consumables that are rich in critical raw materials. Post-welding penetration depth, particle size distribution, microstructure, and microhardness of welded samples were assessed. Based on these results, it was found that there is no direct correlation between the weld metal surface area and the coating. The particle size in the coating, although, seemed to have played an important role, e.g., nanoparticles resulted in an increased p

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Nixon, R. George Sahaya, and B. S. Mohanty. "Friction Surfacing of Metal Coatings on Stainless Steel AISI 304 over Spheroidal Graphite Iron Substrate." Advanced Materials Research 816-817 (September 2013): 271–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.816-817.271.

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Friction surfacing is an advanced process of great potential and an enhanced technology in surface modification. It is a solid state process, which allows deposition welding at temperatures below the melting range. The present study is on the coating of stain-less steel on Spheroidal Graphite Iron through the process of friction surfacing. This work explains the perfection obtained through various combination of the parameters used in friction surfacing namely traverse speed, rotational speed and the applied load. Series of test was performed on the friction surfaced work piece. Fine bonding h

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