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Journal articles on the topic 'Frictional braking'
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1
Su, Zhu Yu. "A Study on Forming Mechanism of Braking Torque on the Friction Surface." Advanced Materials Research 850-851 (December 2013): 200–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.850-851.200.
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The process of vehicle brake, the influence of the temperature on brake friction directly determines the braking force and the frictional coefficient, and has a huge impact on the braking torque. Based on the characteristics of frictional material, combining with modeling and simulation tests, researching the basic theory of braking technology, contribute to the stability and enhancement of braking performance.
2
Huang, Shan, Jiusheng Bao, Shirong Ge, Yan Yin, and Tonggang Liu. "Design of a frictional–electromagnetic compound disk brake for automotives." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 234, no. 4 (2019): 1113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407019864210.
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According to the disadvantages of serious wear and heat fade of friction pad in frequent and high speed braking of friction brakes, and the insufficient power of electromagnetic brakes in low speed braking, a novel frictional-electromagnetic compound disk brake which combines both of these two brake principles is proposed for automotives in this paper. The excitation coils are designed based on the Zhang Yicheng theory model, and the compound brake prototype is manufactured based on the self-made magnetic brake pads and existing automotive brakes. The magnetic field and dynamic of the brake are simulated by using COMSOL Multiphysics software. The frictional–electromagnetic compound brake tests are implemented on the reconstructive disk brake simulation test bench. The experimental results show that the friction braking torque accounts for more than 90% of the compound braking torque in the process of compound braking, and the trend of the change is the same as that of the compound braking torque. When the initial braking speed exceeds 75 km/h, the electromagnetic braking torque does not increase with the increase in speed, instead, it decreases slightly because of demagnetization. The designed frictional–electromagnetic compound disk brake has good braking performance.
3
Yin, Yan, Jiusheng Bao, Jinge Liu, Chaoxun Guo, Tonggang Liu, and Yangyang Ji. "Braking performance of a novel frictional-magnetic compound disc brake for automobiles." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 233, no. 10 (2018): 2443–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407018791056.
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Disc brakes have been applied in various automobiles widely and their braking performance has vitally important effects on the safe operation of automobiles. Although numerous researches have been conducted to find out the influential law and mechanism of working condition parameters like braking pressure, initial braking speed, and interface temperature on braking performance of disc brakes, the influence of magnetic field is seldom taken into consideration. In this paper, based on the novel automotive frictional-magnetic compound disc brake, the influential law of magnetic field on braking performance was investigated deeply. First, braking simulation tests of disc brakes were carried out, and then dynamic variation laws and mechanisms of braking torque and interface temperature were discussed. Furthermore, some parameters including average braking torque, trend coefficient and fluctuation coefficient of braking torque, average temperature, maximum temperature rise, and the time corresponding to the maximum temperature rise were extracted to characterize the braking performance of disc brakes. Finally, the influential law and mechanism of excitation voltage on braking performance were analyzed through braking simulation tests and surface topography analysis of friction material. It is concluded that the performance of frictional-magnetic compound disc brake is prior to common brake. Magnetic field is greatly beneficial for improving the braking performance of frictional-magnetic compound disc brake.
4
Hwang, Jung Ho, Heung Seob Kim, Young Choi, Byeong Soo Kim, and Ki Weon Kang. "The Thermal Analysis of Brake Disc with 3-D Coupled Analysis." Key Engineering Materials 297-300 (November 2005): 305–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.297-300.305.
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As the automobile industry develops, the demand for automobiles that provide more comfortable ride and safety is also increasing. In the conventional braking analysis, frictional heat generation is only related to wheel speed, friction material, and the interface pressure. However, under the dynamic braking conditions, the frictional heat causes the thermo-elastic distortion that leads to more concentrated distribution of contact pressure and hence more and more non-uniform temperature. This paper describes the thermo-elastic instability arising from friction heat generation in braking and proposes the finite element methods to predict the variation of temperature and thermal deformation.
5
Yevtushenko, Aleksander A., Piotr Grzes, and Adam Adamowicz. "The Temperature Mode of the Carbon-Carbon Multi-Disc Brake in the View of the Interrelations of Its Operating Characteristics." Materials 13, no. 8 (2020): 1878. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13081878.
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In this paper, a methodology for conducting a computer simulation of the frictional heating process of a multi-disc braking system is proposed. The single braking of a system of three identical discs made of carbon–carbon (C/C) carbon frictional composite material (CFCM) is considered. In order to determine the operational characteristics of the brake, a heat dynamics of friction (HDF) system of equations is formulated, which takes into account the contact pressure rise time, thermal sensitivity of the C/C material, the change in the coefficient of friction during braking, the parameters of the friction surface’s microgeometry and the mutual influence of sliding velocity and temperature. A numerical solution using the finite element method (FEM) of the HDF system of equations allows us to determine changes in key braking process characteristics, such as work done, braking torque, friction coefficient, heat transfer coefficient, velocity and temperature. Finally, a comparative analysis of the results obtained for three different time profiles of the coefficient of friction is carried out.
6
Solomin, E. V., E. A. Sirotkin, and I. M. Kirpichnikova. "Efficiency Analysis of the Friction Material for the Wind Turbine Braking System." Solid State Phenomena 284 (October 2018): 1321–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.284.1321.
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The paper presents a research in identification of optimal conditions for friction material operation in the wind turbine braking system. The component composition of friction material includes brass (binder material); steel (fibers); iron oxide (fillers); cuprum, graphite and metal sulphides (friction modifier); aluminum (abrasive). The dependence of its frictional characteristics on the operating temperature is presented. We also presented the simulation of several modes of the wind turbine braking system. The most optimal operation mode for the friction material is the wind turbine rotor braking and its retention for 30 seconds, followed by further retention of the wind turbine rotor for 300 seconds after each 4th braking.The temperature of frictional material with these parameters did not exceed 350 oC, though the minimal idling of wind turbine was provided.
7
Zhang, Rui-Jun. "Structure design and coordinated control of electromagnetic and frictional braking system based on a hub motor." Science Progress 104, no. 1 (2021): 003685042199848. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0036850421998483.
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A new type of built-in composite electromagnetic and frictional braking structural scheme and its corresponding coordinated control strategy were proposed to enhance the braking effects for the electric vehicle. Fuzzy control theory was applied to design the coordinated control strategy for the electromagnetic and frictional braking system. In comparison to lower braking strength and moderate braking strength, the slip ratio of high braking strength was maintained at near 0.15. It effectively avoided the wheel getting locked and provided relatively large braking torque in the process of braking. The integrated system using a fuzzy control strategy can effectively shorten the braking time, enhance the braking safety in the braking process.
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Wang, Dagang, Ruixin Wang, Tong Heng, Guozheng Xie, and Dekun Zhang. "Tribo-Brake Characteristics between Brake Disc and Brake Shoe during Emergency Braking of Deep Coal Mine Hoist with the High Speed and Heavy Load." Energies 13, no. 19 (2020): 5094. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13195094.
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The friction wear and thermal fatigue cracking of the brake shoe and friction-induced self-excited vibration (frictional flutter) of the disc brake can easily occur during emergency braking of a deep coal mine hoist with at high speed and with a heavy load. Therefore, tribo-brake characteristics between the brake disc and brake shoe during emergency braking of a deep coal mine hoist are investigated in the present study. Scaled parameters of the disc brake of a deep coal mine hoist are determined by employing the similarity principle. Friction tests between friction disc and brake shoe are carried out to obtain the coefficient of friction in the case of high speed and large specific pressure between the friction disc and brake shoe. Coupled thermo-mechanical finite element analyses of the brake disc and brake shoe are established to investigate temperature and stress fields of the brake disc and brake shoe during emergency braking, which is validated by the engineering failure case. Effects of braking parameters on flutter characteristics between the brake disc and brake shoe are explored by employing a double-degrees-of-freedom vibration mechanism model. The results show that the maximum temperature, equivalent Von Mises stress and contact pressure are all located at the average friction radii of contact surfaces of the brake disc and brake shoe during emergency braking. The cage crashing accident in the case of high speed and heavy load in a typical coal mine shows crack marks and discontinuous burn marks at central locations of brake shoe and brake disc surfaces, respectively, which indicates frictional flutter characteristics between brake disc and brake shoe. During emergency braking, flutter time duration decreases with increasing initial braking speed and damping parameter; the flutter amplitude and frequency of the disc brake increases with increasing normal braking load and stiffness, respectively.
9
Ivanov, P. Yu, A. M. Khudonogov, E. Yu Dulskiy, A. A. Korsun, and S. V. Treskin. "INVESTIGATION OF TEMPERATURE OF BRAKE PADS WITH DIFFERENT EXTENT OF WEAR IN FRICTIONAL BRAKING." Herald of the Ural State University of Railway Transport, no. 3 (2020): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.20291/2079-0392-2020-3-27-34.
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The issue of railway rolling stock brake pad heating is examined under frictional braking within a freight car with unilateral push, equipped with castiron brake pads. Foreign and domestic experience of studies of heat cycles caused by friction has been examined, mechanism of heat release in the contact zone between a pad and wheel during braking with consideration of a heat flow distribution coefficient is described, mathematical modeling choice as a way to refine temperature measurements in the process of experimental studies is grounded, the results of estimated determination of the thermal flow affecting the pad in braking of a loaded freight car weighing 93 ts with 5 ts push upon the axle from 60 km/h to full stop are shown. Dynamics of thermal energy change emitting in frictional braking with consideration of wheel rotation decelerating speed and friction coefficient increase is emulated. Finite element models of pads with even wear, wedgelike wear and with no wear having geometry of relevant engineering drawings are described. The results of investigation of heating of brake pads with different wear types in the process of braking until full stop are given.
10
Pomoni, Maria, Christina Plati, and Andreas Loizos. "How Can Sustainable Materials in Road Construction Contribute to Vehicles’ Braking?" Vehicles 2, no. 1 (2020): 55–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vehicles2010004.
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Vehicles’ braking is a key factor towards safer driving. In particular, tyre–pavement friction is connected with both industry and infrastructure requirements in terms of tyre characteristics and frictional properties of pavement surfaces respectively that both contribute to safe braking. For this reason, tyre–pavement friction is considered as one of the most pressing emergencies in roadway assets in order to reduce skidding related accidents. At the same time, sustainability aspects have been raised in modern infrastructure engineering. Hence, an issue is introduced on how sustainable materials used for pavement construction may contribute to tyre–pavement and consequently vehicles’ braking. For this reason, a laboratory process is developed to investigate the frictional properties of several utilized in pavement wearing courses including both traditional and sustainable materials (reacted activated rubber—RAR and reclaimed asphalt pavement—RAP). Environmental conditions (seasonal temperature changes, rainfall effect and contamination caused by dust formation) are simulated in the laboratory and vehicles’ braking is investigated using the British Pendulum Tester (BPT). Results provide a good explanation for the vehicles’ braking ability under the investigated conditions for both traditional and sustainable materials. Ultimately, it is proved that asphalt mixture types with RAR modifier or RAP material exhibit a satisfactory performance towards providing a safe road surface for the moving vehicles.
11
Alisin, V. V. "The influence of thermocyclic effects on the tribological properties of a carbon-carbon composite under braking conditions." E3S Web of Conferences 515 (2024): 04005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202451504005.
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The article considers the issues of the influence of repeated thermal shock on the frictional properties of a carbon-carbon composite material. For thermal loading, the heat-pulse method was applied, in which the energy of rotating masses is absorbed by a friction couple from samples of the material being studied. The change in the friction coefficient during braking is analyzed. Based on the results of repeated braking, conclusions are drawn about the resistance of the material to thermal cyclic behaviours. Particular attention is paid to the maximum temperature that occurs on friction surfaces and the temperature change during thermal loading. The dependence of the average friction coefficient in each test on the number of loading cycles was obtained. Based on the study, the number of thermal loads at which the frictional properties of the material are stable was established.
12
Bochkarev, Igor, Vadim Khramshin, Zhalalidin Galbaev, and Aida Sandybaeva. "Design of electromechanical brake mechanisms with permanent magnets as braking power source." Известия высших учебных заведений. Электромеханика 67, no. 4 (2024): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17213/0136-3360-2024-3-55-67.
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The aim of this research is to develop new design solutions for frictional brake mechanisms with permanent magnets and propose their structural analysis including heating of their active parts during operation. Standard technical recom-mendations applied for this brake type were used in the design process. To confirm compliance with the obtained rec-ommendations, experimental investigations were carried out using frictional brake mechanisms with the braking torque of 20 Nm with the permanent magnet made from barium ferrite 24BA210. The proposed general layout frictional brake mechanisms with permanent magnets for attached and built-in versions make it possible to decrease the perma-nent magnet size and improve the speed of the friction unit opening and closing. The compound armature design and the collet clamp simplify the processes of the frictional brake mechanism installation and deinstallation. Proposals were made on the choice of air gaps in the magnetic circuit and the influence of supply voltage value on the friction unit opening conditions was considered taking into account winding heating. The analysis of temperature influence was car-ried out and corresponding recommendations were given, which should be taken into account at the stage of frictional brake mechanism with permanent magnet design. The paper shows the calculation of braking force variation devel-oped by the frictional brake mechanism with permanent magnets due to reversible temperature changes of the magnet-ic field in the magnetic system. The obtained results make it possible to develop frictional brake mechanisms with im-proved performance indicators taking into account real-life operating conditions.
13
Hwang, Jung Ho, Heung Seob Kim, Young Choi, Seong Beom Lee, and Ki Weon Kang. "Finite Element Analysis of the Repeated Braking with 3-D Coupled Model." Key Engineering Materials 306-308 (March 2006): 637–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.306-308.637.
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In automotive applications, a particular area of concern is the relation between thermoelastically induced hot spots and noise and vibration in brake system. The finite element methods have been extensively used for thermal analysis applied to brake components. The two-dimensional model has been extended to an annular three-dimensional disc model in order to consider more realistic braking condition. In a conventional braking analysis, the interface pressure is assumed either constant or inversely proportional to radius. However, under the dynamic braking conditions, the frictional heat generated during braking causes thermoelastic distortion that modifies the contact pressure distribution. This paper describes the thermo-elastic instability arising from friction heat generation in braking and proposes the finite element methods to predict the variation of temperature and thermal deformation under single braking and repeated braking mode.
14
Hong, Hee Rok, and Chang-Wan Ha. "Optimizing Friction Block Location on Brake Pads for High-Speed Railway Vehicles Using Artificial Neural Networks." Applied Sciences 13, no. 17 (2023): 9634. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13179634.
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Brake discs play a crucial role in braking railway vehicles, but the frictional heat generated during the braking process can lead to high temperatures on the disc. Changes in the friction block location on the brake pad result in variations in the temperature distribution across the brake disc. This study aims to optimize the positioning of friction blocks on the brake pad using artificial neural networks (ANN) and the Design of Experiments (DOE) approach based on the Taguchi methodology. The primary objective of this study is to mitigate temperature discrepancies in the frictional heating rate among distinct sectors along a radius from the center of the brake disc. To analyze the temperature variations caused by frictional heat, finite element analysis (FEA) is executed to account for the thermomechanical characteristics of the brake disc. The optimized brake pad, obtained through the ANN, is evaluated based on the temperature and thermal stress applied to the brake disc. The optimized model displays a larger hot band on the brake disc compared to the original model, leading to a more even distribution of thermal stress across the brake disc. In conclusion, the use of optimized pads offers significant performance benefits, resulting in a reduced maximum temperature and thermal stress, thus improving the overall braking performance of railway vehicles.
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Binshuang, Zheng, Chen Jiaying, Zhao Runmin, and Huang Xiaoming. "Skid resistance demands of asphalt pavement during the braking process of autonomous vehicles." MATEC Web of Conferences 275 (2019): 04002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927504002.
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As the main operationality of AVs, the braking property is directly related to traffic safety. Major traffic accidents are often related to the braking distance, the side slip and hydroplaning during the emergency braking, which depends on the pavement skid resistance. Therefore, the estimation to relate AVs braking distance requirements with pavement peak friction coefficient to ensure a safe driving condition on expressway is of high practical significance. In this paper, the effect of AVs on braking performance parameters and dynamic friction on tire-pavement interaction are investigated. Based on the field test of the Coastal highway in Jiangsu province of China, this paper proposes an algorithm to determine time-dependent braking distance of AVs considering pavement frictional properties. According to the algorithm, an AVs braking system is provided to reach the maximum braking force for improving the AVs traffic safety. Furthermore, it revises the braking distance formula of Design Specification for Highway Alignment and the skid resistance threshold adopted by Technical Specifications for Maintenance of Highway Asphalt Pavement.
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Zhang, Yi Bing, and Ying Ying Zhang. "Coupling Analysis of Frictional Heat under Control of Disc Brake Anti-Skid Brake System." Advanced Materials Research 199-200 (February 2011): 721–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.199-200.721.
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The nonlinearity of material properties at different temperatures and the manner of braking force applying on a brake system are two key factors to affect the coupling of temperature and thermal stress. Considering these two factors, a finite element analysis model of automobile brake disc and pad is established. By using the model, the dynamic frictional heat and thermal stress of braking friction pair could be simulated and the coupling characters of temperature and thermal stress on friction surfaces could be studied, where the braking force is constant or controlled by an anti-skid brake system(ABS). The study results shown that the friction temperature of brake disk rises in periodic and fluctuant tendency. The fluctuant increase of temperature will influence the character of braking. The increase of friction temperature between a brake disc and pad can decrease under the control of ABS, so the effect of thermo-mechanical coupling could be reduced.
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Gabidullin, A. E., D. V. Gorskiy, I. V. Nazarov, and V. A. Nikitin. "Calculation of the dependence of friction coefficient of locomotive composite ridge brake shoes on pressing force and braking speed." VNIIZHT Scientific Journal 79, no. 6 (2021): 337–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21780/2223-9731-2020-79-6-337-342.
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JSC “FRITEX” has developed non-asbestos ridge composite brake shoes UR 01-01 with a reduced coefficient of friction, which, in contrast to the cast iron ridge brake shoes currently used on locomotives, have high wear resistance and more stable frictional properties at high speeds. They are much lighter than traditional cast iron shoes, resulting in lower logistics costs and easier replacement by service departments. However, the new materials used for the production of the shoe, as well as its innovative design, which combines the two types of materials, require a detailed study of its frictional properties. For this, the braking modes of a locomotive equipped with UR 01-01 shoes were simulated in a full-scale unit of a brake mechanism on an inertial stand at fixed pressures and speeds. Based on the results of the experiments, the values of the friction coefficients of the brake shoes were determined and the dependence of the friction coefficient of the shoes on the pressing force and braking speed was established. The data obtained were used in braking calculations for an electric locomotive of the VL80 series, including the determination of the braking distance, holding a single locomotive by the parking brake on a slope, and ensuring the antiskid braking due to higher values of the friction coefficient of the UR 01-01 shoe at high speeds. The composite ridge brake shoe ensures compliance with the standard values of the braking distance, antiskid braking and slope parking for the VL80 series electric locomotive. In this case, the use of these composite shoes is possible without changes in the device of the lever transmission of the electric locomotive. It is necessary to conduct running brake tests to make approbation of obtained empirical dependence of the friction coefficient of new shoes on the pressing force and the braking speed of the locomotive and its widespread use in the calculation of brake systems.
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Topczewska, Katarzyna, and Przemysław Zamojski. "Effect of Pressure Fluctuations on the Temperature During Braking." Acta Mechanica et Automatica 14, no. 2 (2020): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ama-2020-0015.
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AbstractThe aim of this study is to develop the numerical–analytical model of frictional heating in a pad/disc system during braking including the pressure fluctuations, engendered by the pump in an anti-skid braking operation. For this purpose, the problem of motion and the one-dimensional thermal problem of friction for a semi-space/semi-space tribosystem were formulated and solved. Obtained solutions allow to calculate temperature distribution on the contact surface and inside the friction elements. Thermal analysis was performed for a metal–ceramic pad and a cast iron disc during one-time braking including the time-dependent, oscillating pressure. The influence of amplitude of pressure fluctuations on the temperature variations was investigated, especially on the value of maximum temperature achieved during braking.
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Ramachandran, G., K. Kathiresan, and M. Venkatesan. "Brake Characteristics and Cooling Methods – A Review." Applied Mechanics and Materials 813-814 (November 2015): 949–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.813-814.949.
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Braking system is important in any automobile. It is essential to decelerate the vehicle and stop it. Friction braking system is widely used system of braking. It makes use of frictional force to safely retard the vehicle. The temperature of the brake pad (stator) and disc (rotor) increases because of frictional force between them. Higher temperatures may lead to fading of brakes resulting in its failure. This paper briefly reviews published works on studying the wear and thermal characteristics of brake pads and on various available brake cooling methods. The microstructural changes in the brake pads are analyzed and reason for enhanced wear at higher temperatures is traced out. The various test results obtained using microscope (SEM), Friction assessment screening tests (FAST), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) are described in brief. A description of the available methods of enhancing the brake cooling and decreasing the wear rate is discussed. This work will be useful in planning further research in this important area of automotive field.
20
Bolló, Betti, Ferenc Sarka, and Katalin Voith. "Egy egyszerűsített fékmodell termikus elemzése." Gép 75, no. 1 (2024): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.70750/gep.2024.1.4.
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Braking system is one of the important safety components of a railway vehicle. Brake components slow the train by using friction between the train wheels and the brake block. The efficiency of the braking system is strongly dependent on the quality of the material of the components, especially the brake blocks. In the present paper, we have carried out optical microscope investigations of a brake block. On the other hand, numerical simulation was used to analyse the frictional heat distribution in the brake block using the Ansys software package. In the initial phase of the research, it was found that the software is suitable for calculating the frictional heat and for modelling heat transfer and heat conduction.
21
Akyüz, Recep, Ekrem Altuncu, Ozan Demirdalmiş, and Bilgi Çengelli. "Thermal Analysis of Thermal Spray Coated Gray Cast Iron Brake Rotor." Academic Perspective Procedia 4, no. 1 (2021): 205–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33793/acperpro.04.01.31.
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Braking is a process which transform the kinetic energy of the rotor into heat energy. During the braking phase, the frictional heat generated at the interface rotor–pad can lead to high temperatures (> 600 oC). In long-term frequent use of braking, increased temperature causes disc distortions, heat cracks, and causes degradation of the pad material. This creates a risk in the reduction of rotor-pad interface friction and loss of brake performance under safe driving conditions. In this study, the thermal monitoring of the thermal spray coated rotor was investigated and the variation of the friction coefficient and wear related thickness were measured. In addition, changes in torque forces at increasing temperatures were also evaluated.
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Fu, Chuan Qi, Zhou Wang, Bin Li, and Chi Yu. "The Dynamics Simulation of Braking Process on Automobile Disc Brake." Advanced Materials Research 139-141 (October 2010): 2658–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.139-141.2658.
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For a certain type of automobile disc brakes, brake discs and friction linings were modeled by Pro/E. The dynamics simulations of braking process on disc brake were performed by the frictional contact algorithm and nonlinear finite element method. Distribution of stress, strain and displacement on the brake parts were investigated with different initial velocity. Analysis results shown that redistributions of stress and strain had occurred on the face of brake disc and friction linings in braking process. Meanwhile, the increased initial velocity resulted in increased stress and stain. Besides the stress concentrations appeared in brake disc role and friction lining corners at the beginning of braking, however, stress and stain became uniform along the braking. Analysis results provided the research of the optimum design and testing of disc brake with theoretic gist. And some improvement measures to the structure of disc brake were proposed.
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Stojanovic, Nadica, Jasna Glisovic, Oday Abdullah, Ivan Grujic, and Sasa Vasiljevic. "Pressure influence on heating of ventilating disc brakes for passenger cars." Thermal Science 24, no. 1 Part A (2020): 203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci190608314s.
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The braking system is one of the most important elements in vehicle systems from the aspect of vehicle safety, besides the steering system and the internal combustion engine. During the braking process, the disc and pads absorb a large amount of kinetic energy that converted to heat. Owing to this frictional heating, it is necessary to compute the temperature distribution that will be appeared during the braking process, which is the main goal of this research paper. There are many factors that can be influenced to the distribution of frictional heat generated. One of the significant factors is the applied pressure by the brake pad on the braking disc. The results proved that when increased the applied pressure then the frictional heat generated increased too. It was developed a new finite element model based on observed data from real vehicle. It was used ANSYS/WORKBENCH 14.5 software to perform the numerical analysis, module Transient Structural. Parts that are the most disposed to the thermal stress are braking pads. Also, it was found time period from 0 to 0.1 second is the most critical period during the whole braking period, because in this period, temperature rises rapidly, the maximum temperature occurred at 1.338 seconds, and after that it falls.
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Putra, Muhammad Rezki Fitri, Hajar Isworo, Muhamad Noor Yasin, and Rachmat Subagyo. "Friction Modeling of Composite Brake Pads with Ulin Wood Powder (Eusideroxylon zwageri)." Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST) 8, no. 2 (2024): 520. https://doi.org/10.17977/um016v8i22024p520.
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This study investigates the performance of composite brake pads made of Ulin (Eusideroxylon zwageri) sawdust using simulation modeling, focusing on the pressure distribution, frictional stress, and contact state in five brake pad designs (DS0 to DS4). The brake pad designs used U-shaped grooves to improve cooling efficiency and debris removal. The results show that DS1 and DS2 exhibit the most uniform pressure distribution, with maximum values of 0.045 MPa and 0.048 MPa, respectively. DS1 recorded the highest peak frictional stress at 2.53 × 10-8 MPa, while DS2 showed consistent stress stability, reducing the possibility of uneven wear. DS3 achieved a balanced performance, with a maximum pressure of 0.062 MPa and a stable frictional stress distribution. In contrast, DS4 showed the highest stress (0.072 MPa) and increased “sliding” contact area, indicating reduced braking efficiency and potential for faster wear. Contact condition analysis showed predominantly “sticky” conditions on DS1, DS2, and DS3, which contributed to effective braking performance, while DS4 exhibited significant “sliding” conditions, which reduced friction efficiency. These findings confirm the potential of Ulin sawdust as an environmentally friendly brake lining material, with DS1 and DS2 emerging as the most suitable designs to achieve optimal braking performance and long life.
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BAJKOWSKI, J., J. R. FERNÁNDEZW, K. L. KUTTLER, and M. SHILLOR. "A thermoviscoelastic beam model for brakes." European Journal of Applied Mathematics 15, no. 2 (2004): 181–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956792503005370.
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A model for the dynamic thermomechanical behavior of a viscoelastic beam which is in frictional contact with a rigid rotating wheel is presented. It describes a simple braking system in which the wheel comes to a stop as a result of the frictional traction generated by the beam. Friction is modelled with a temperature and slip rate dependent coefficient of friction. Frictional heat generation is taken into account as well as the wheel temperature evolution, and the wear of the beam's contacting end. The model is formulated as a variational inequality. A FEM numerical scheme for the model is described, implemented, and the results of numerical simulations are shown.
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Yevtushenko, Aleksander, Katarzyna Topczewska, and Przemysław Zamojski. "Influence of Thermal Sensitivity of Functionally Graded Materials on Temperature during Braking." Materials 15, no. 3 (2022): 963. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15030963.
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The model of the frictional heating process during single braking to determine the temperature of the functionally graded friction elements with an account of the thermal sensitivity of materials was proposed. The basis of this model is the exact solution of the one-dimensional thermal problem of friction during braking with constant deceleration. The formulas approximating the experimental data of the temperature dependencies of properties of the functionally graded materials (FGMs) were involved in the model to improve the accuracy of the achieved results. A comparative analysis was performed for data obtained for temperature-dependent FGMs and the corresponding data, calculated without consideration of thermal sensitivity. The results revealed that the assumption of thermal stability of FGMs during braking may cause a significant overestimation of temperature of the friction pair elements.
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Zhang, Hongyuan, Jiayu Qiao, and Xin Zhang. "Nonlinear Dynamics Analysis of Disc Brake Frictional Vibration." Applied Sciences 12, no. 23 (2022): 12104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122312104.
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The brake system is a key component to ensuring the safe driving and riding comfort of the vehicle, and the friction between the brake disc and the friction plate is the main source of vibration and noise. Therefore, in order to improve the stability of the braking system and reduce the generation of vibration, a six-degree-of-freedom nonlinear dynamics model was established, and using the Stribeck friction model and related parameters, the dynamic equation was solved by the Runge-Kutta method. The bifurcation diagram, Lyapunov diagram, time domain diagram, frequency spectrum diagram, and phase plane diagram of the brake pad and brake disc during friction braking were obtained, and the vibration characteristics of both under different braking pressure, braking speed, brake pad support stiffness, and brake disc support stiffness were analyzed. The results show that brake pressure is an important factor in triggering nonlinear vibration; increasing the braking speed will increase the amplitude of vibration, but will shorten the time to enter the stable motion state, and increasing the support stiffness brake pad and disc will reduce the amplitude of system vibration.
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Fikrat Yusubov, Fikrat Yusubov. "CORROSION-INDUCED DEGRADATION AND FRICTIONAL INTERACTION IN LOW CARBON STEEL DISC." ETM - Equipment, Technologies, Materials 24, no. 06 (2024): 45–53. https://doi.org/10.36962/etm24062024-45.
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This study investigates the impact of corrosion on the frictional behavior of low-carbon steel disc and phenolic resin-based composite materials. Through controlled laboratory testing, it explores how exposure to corrosive environments, such as immersion in NaCl solution and exposure to HCl vapor, accelerates material degradation, altering performance over time. Corrosion alters the surface topography of brake discs, creating peaks, valleys, and pits. These irregularities can decrease the contact area between the disc and pad, resulting in reduced friction and less effective braking. Using detailed analyses, including microscopic imaging and tribological testing, the study reveals how these corrosive environments lead to surface roughness changes, microstructural alterations, and reduced wear resistance, all contributing to diminished frictional stability and braking efficiency. Results show that NaCl immersion causes higher mass loss and more uniform surface pitting, while HCl vapor leads to localized, aggressive corrosion. Microstructural analysis of steel disc surfaces before and after NaCl immersion reveals significant pitting and dark patches, attributed to chloride-induced localized corrosion and iron oxide formation. Surface profiling of brake discs exposed to HCl vapor shows more aggressive, uneven corrosion, while immersion in NaCl results in a smoother, more uniform profile. The study further examines the changes in microstructure, surface roughness, and wear resistance due to corrosion, revealing how these factors collectively reduce frictional stability and braking efficiency. Keywords: brake disc, friction composites, corrosion, degradation, passive film broken, wear.
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Zhao, Qiang, Ren He, and Dong Hai Hu. "Fuzzy PID Control of the Integrated System of Electromagnetic Brake and Friction Brake of Car." Advanced Materials Research 988 (July 2014): 568–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.988.568.
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The integrated system of electromagnetic brake and frictional brake of car can improve braking performance effectively. Reasonable control strategy is the key of the integrated brake system. In this paper, it is analyzed and compared to the fuzzy control, PID control and fuzzy PID control. Based on that, fuzzy PID control is used to control the amount of current flowing in the electromagnetic brake coil by considering the nonlinear and time-varying of the integrated system of electromagnetic brake and frictional brake of car. The vehicle slip ratio deviation and rate of the slip rate deviation are used as the input. The electromagnetic brake coil current is used as the output. Thus, the fuzzy PID controller of the system is designed. A car equipped with the integrated system of electromagnetic and frictional brake is taken as an example. Matlab/Simulink software is utilized to carry out simulation analysis of the system. It is analyzed and compared the simulation output current curves of three control methods, braking time and braking distance. The simulation result shows that the integrated brake system using fuzzy PID strategy can effectively reduce braking time and shorten braking distance.
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Abdul Hamid, Mohd Kameil, and Gwidon W. Stachowiak. "The Effects of Grit Particle Size on Frictional Characteristics of Automotive Braking System." Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (February 2011): 3511–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.3511.
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The effect of grit particle size on frictional characteristics was investigated using a vertically oriented brake test rig. Silica sand of grit sizes 50-180 µm, 180-355 µm and 355-500 µm were used in drag mode application. Results showed that the presence of hard particles from environment can influence the friction response significantly. Basically, once the hard particles enter the gap, the value and amplitude of friction coefficient tend to decrease. However, slight increase in friction with smaller particles was recorded due to more hard particles involved in mixing and changing the effective contact area. Better friction stability was related to the presence of smaller grit particles and compacted wear debris to form frictional film on the braking interface.
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Klingbeil, W. W., and H. W. H. Witt. "Some Consequences of Coulomb Friction in Modeling Longitudinal Traction." Tire Science and Technology 18, no. 1 (1990): 13–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2346/1.2141691.
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Abstract A three-component model for a belted radial tire, previously developed by the authors for free rolling without slip, is generalized to include longitudinal forces and deformations associated with driving and braking. Surface tractions at the tire-road interface are governed by a Coulomb friction law in which the coefficient of friction is assumed to be constant. After a brief review of the model, the mechanism of interfacial shear force generation is delineated and explored under traction with perfect adhesion. Addition of the friction law then leads to the inception of slide zones, which propagate through the footprint with increasing severity of maneuvers. Different behavior patterns under driving and braking are emphasized, with comparisons being given of sliding displacements, sliding velocities, and frictional work at the tire-road interface. As a further application of the model, the effect of friction coefficient and of test variables such as load, deflection, and inflation pressure on braking stiffness are computed and compared to analogous predictions on the braking spring rate.
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Zhao, Shaodi, Yan Yin, Jiusheng Bao, Xingming Xiao, Zengsong Li, and Guoan Chen. "Analysis and correction on frictional temperature rise testing of brake based on preset thermometry method." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 71, no. 7 (2019): 907–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-10-2018-0376.
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Purpose The friction between brake pair causes an intense temperature rise on interface during braking, which affects the braking performance seriously. Therefore, building an accurate testing method for frictional temperature rise (FTR) is a prerequisite. Design/methodology/approach Facing braking conditions of automobiles, an experimental system for testing of FTR based on preset thermometry method (PTM) was established. The FTR was collected by the PTM and the variation laws as well as the cause of errors were analyzed by experiments. The deviations between tested and real temperature were corrected based on tribology and heat theories. Finally, an online prediction method for FTR was pointed out. Findings After correction, the temperature curve accords well with the laws of tribology and thermal theories. The corrected FTR at braking end point is approximately equal to the authentic temperature test by hand thermometer. Originality/value This study eliminated the hysteresis phenomenon of temperature rise sequence and lays a foundation for online accurate monitoring and warning of brake friction temperature rise. It has important theoretical and practical value for expanding the monitoring and improvement of brake performance.
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Wang, Shuwen, Yang Yu, Shuangxia Liu, and David Barton. "Braking Friction Coefficient Prediction Using PSO–GRU Algorithm Based on Braking Dynamometer Testing." Lubricants 12, no. 6 (2024): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants12060195.
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The coefficients of friction (COFs) is one of the most important parameters used to evaluate the braking performance of a friction brake. Many indicators that affect the safety and comfort of automobiles are associated with brake COFs. The manufacturers of friction brakes and their components are required to spend huge amounts of time and money to carry out experimental tests to ensure the COFs of a newly developed braking system meet the required standards. In order to save time and costs for the development of new friction brake applications, the GRU (Gate Recurrent Unit) algorithm optimized by the improved PSO (particle swarm optimization) global optimization method is employed in this work to predict brake COFs based on existing experimental data obtained from friction braking dynamometer tests. Compared with the LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) method, the GRU algorithm optimized by PSO avoids the accuracy reduction problem caused by gradient descent in the training process and hence reduces the prediction error and computational cost. The combined PSO–GRU algorithm increases the coefficient of determination (R2) of the prediction by 4.7%, reduces the MAE (mean absolute error) by 14.3%, and increases the prediction speed by 40.1% compared with the standalone GRU method. The prediction method based on machine learning proposed in this study can not only be applied to the prediction of automobile braking COFs but also for other frictional system problems, such as the prediction of braking noise and the friction of various bearing transmission components.
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Yin, Yan, Xingming Xiao, Jiusheng Bao, Jinge Liu, Yuhao Lu, and Yangyang Ji. "A new temperature parameter set for characterizing the frictional temperature rise of disc brakes." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 68, no. 1 (2016): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-03-2015-0033.
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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to establish a new temperature set for characterizing the frictional temperature rise (FTR) of disc brakes. The FTR produced by braking is an important factor which directly affects the tribological properties of disc brakes. Presently, most existing researches characterize the FTR only by several static parameters such as average temperature or maximum temperature, which cannot reflect accurately the dynamic characteristics of temperature variation in the process of braking. In this paper, a new temperature parameter set was extracted and the influences of braking conditions on these parameters were investigated by experiments. Design/methodology/approach – First, several simulated braking experiments of disc brakes were conducted to reveal the dynamic variation rules and mechanisms of the FTR in braking. Second, the characteristic parameter subset of the FTR was extracted with five significant parameters, namely, initial temperature, average temperature, end temperature, maximum temperature and the ratio of maximum temperature time. Furthermore, the fitting parameter subset of the FTR was constructed based on the temperature rise curve. Finally, the influence and mechanisms of initial braking velocity and braking pressure on the new temperature parameter set were investigated through braking experiments. Findings – This paper extracted a new temperature parameter set including a characteristic parameter subset and a fitting parameter subset and revealed the influences of braking conditions on it by experiments. Originality/value – The results showed that the new temperature parameter set extracted in this paper can characterize the dynamic characteristics of disc brake’s FTR variations more objectively and comprehensively. The research results will provide a theoretical basis for extracting the fault feature of friction properties.
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Sarkar, Chiranjit, and Harish Hirani. "Experimental studies on magnetorheological brake containing plane, holed and slotted discs." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 69, no. 2 (2017): 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-12-2015-0205.
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Purpose This study aims to design an ideal magnetorheological (MR) brake that exerts negligible frictional torque in the off-state condition and controllable frictional torque in the on-state condition. Design/methodology/approach Silicone-based MR fluid, containing 9 per cent volume carbonyl iron particles, has been synthesized and used. The synthesized MR fluid is advantageous in maintaining low friction losses in off-state conditions. A magneto-rheometer has been utilized to characterize the off-state viscosity of the MR fluid at variable shear rates and shear stress of MR fluids at various magnetic fields. A mechanism to enhance the braking torque in the on-state condition has been designed and developed. An experimental test rig has been developed to capture the torque characteristics of the developed MR brakes. Three different designs of MR discs have been experimented under a magnetic field varying from 0 to 375 kA/m. Experimental results of braking torque under shear and compression modes have been presented. Findings Slotted disc MR brake gives much better torque performance. Originality/value The braking torque results motivate to use the slotted disc MR brake for high torque application.
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Wang, Dagang, Ruixin Wang, Bo Wang, and Magd Abdel Wahab. "Effect of Vibration on Emergency Braking Tribological Behaviors of Brake Shoe of Deep Coal Mine Hoist." Applied Sciences 11, no. 14 (2021): 6441. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11146441.
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The effects of vibration on the emergency braking tribological behaviors of the brake shoe of a deep coal mine hoist were investigated in this study. The thermal, frictional and mechanical parameters of the brake shoe were obtained. The vibration characteristics of the brake shoe during emergency braking were investigated, employing multibody dynamics analysis. The effect of vibration on the emergency braking tribological behaviors (temperature and stress distributions) of brake interfaces was explored using the finite element method. The self-made tribo-brake test rig of a brake shoe was employed to reveal the friction deterioration behaviors of the brake shoe during emergency braking. The results show obvious vibrations of all brake shoes along the direction of positive braking pressure during emergency braking. The vibration causes increases in the equivalent Von Mises stress and temperature at the contact interfaces between the brake disc and the brake shoe as compared to the case of ignoring the vibration. Along the rotation direction of the brake disc, the equivalent stress and temperature of the brake disc surface present three overall rapid increases, as well as two slight decreases during emergency braking. As compared to cyclic emergency braking, continuous emergency braking exhibits more obvious tribological degradation of the brake shoe, attributed to enhanced vibration. The wear loss of the brake shoe increases with increasing emergency braking cycles and continuous emergency braking time.
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Rajapakshe, M. P., M. Gunaratne, and A. K. Kaw. "Evaluation of LuGre Tire Friction Model with Measured Data on Multiple Pavement Surfaces." Tire Science and Technology 38, no. 3 (2010): 213–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2346/1.3481671.
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Abstract Accurate modeling of tire/pavement friction phenomena is of utmost importance in many applications such as vehicle braking control and frictional evaluation of pavements. LuGre tire friction model is a model which is used for this purpose by estimating its parameters using measured pavement friction data. In this investigation, LuGre model parameters were estimated using field data collected by a standard pavement friction measuring device (Locked Wheel Skid Trailer-ASTM E 274) at a group of pavements with different surface friction properties. Adequacy of the model to predict measured friction data from the device was statistically evaluated and the accuracy of estimated model parameters was determined. The results show the potential of this model to facilitate frictional evaluation of pavements using dynamic friction measuring equipment.
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Yang, Ping, Chuan Qi Fu, and Zhou Wang. "Effect of Aluminum on Mechanical and Frictional Properties of Copper Cladding Iron-Based Braking Material." Advanced Materials Research 904 (March 2014): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.904.103.
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Fe-20wt%Cu-Al braking materials were prepared by induction heating sintering method combined with the Copper cladding iron matrix with various aluminum elements. Effects of Aluminum on surface morphology, Mechanical and frictional properties of Cu-Fe-based Braking Material were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), machine test and friction-wear test. Lastly suitable parameters of the process are decided. Meanwhile, wear mechanisms were discussed. The results showed that the prepared shaking materials with aluminum content of 3wt%, silicon carbide content of 5wt%, manganese and chromium content of 5wt% and copper cladding iron power content of 87wt% had excellent performance.
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Demianiuk, Volodymyr. "CONSTRUCTION OF FRICTION FEATURES OF FRICTION MOVEMENTS OF BRAKE MECHANISMS IN THE VIEW OF THIRD-ORDER POLYNOMIAL MODELS." AUTOMOBILE ROADS AND ROAD CONSTRUCTION, no. 111 (June 30, 2022): 252–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.33744/0365-8171-2022-111-252-259.
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The concepts of frictional characteristic of the brake mechanism and frictional characteristic of the friction pair of the brake mechanism, which are necessary for the calculation of the real braking properties of vehicles, are considered. An experimental device has been developed to determine the influence of such destabilizing factors as temperature, sliding speed and contact pressure on the mentioned characteristics. A method for obtaining polynomial models of the third order to determine the effect of temperature, sliding speed and contact pressure on the coefficient of friction in the friction pairs of brake mechanisms is proposed. The technique is suitable for cases when the second-order models inadequately describe the effect of these destabilizing factors on the coefficient of friction in the friction pairs of brake mechanisms.
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Bazhinov, A.V., M.A. Podrigalo, G.S. Serikov, and I.A. Serikova. "Evaluation of the effectiveness of the joint use of regenerative and dissipative braking of the car." Engineering of nature management, no. 3(21) (August 28, 2021): 7–11. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7269131.
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The paper investigates the problem of ways to improve the efficiency of using the energy stored on board an electric vehicle. The traction electric drive provides tangible advantages in comparison with internal combustion engines, however, it requires the use of an expensive energy storage device. The current state of the traction energy of vehicles forces us to look for new, more energy-efficient approaches to managing the use of energy stored on board the vehicle. Studies of ways to increase the efficiency of using the energy of traction batteries and mechanical energy stored in a vehicle allows us to conclude that a significant proportion of mechanical energy during movement is lost in the dissipative braking system. When braking, the dissipative braking system irrevocably converts mechanical energy into other, unused forms of energy. It is shown that part of the energy spent on acceleration of a vehicle can be returned by using a regenerative braking system. The question of researching the methods of controlling the braking system with the aim of maximizing energy recovery in conjunction with maintaining high braking efficiency remains poorly understood. Determination of the ranges of speeds and intensity of use of recuperative and dissipative braking systems will make it possible to maintain the maximum recuperation mode together with the observance of traffic safety requirements. The paper proposes a method for assessing the efficiency of regenerative braking through the cyclic efficiency, which is equal to the ratio of the energy absorbed by the regenerative braking system to the kinetic energy of the vehicle's translational motion at the initial moment of braking. It is shown that joint braking of a vehicle using regenerative and dissipative braking systems allows for high braking efficiency (especially at low speeds).
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OmPol, ShardulKubade, VijitSave, SourabhKadole, KishorDhere, and P. M. Patil Mr. "Development of Regenerative Braking System for an Automobile to Utilization of Waste Energy." Journal of Automation and Automobile Engineering 5, no. 1 (2020): 13–16. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3760592.
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A brake is a mechanism which reduces the speed of a moving object. In conventional braking system a frictional lining arrangement is used to slowdown the vehicle where they use friction to convert kinetic energy into heat. When the brakes are get applied the brake shoes rub against the wheels, which produces excessive heat energy. The nearly 30% of the vehicles generated power is wasted into atmosphere in the form of heat. In this mechanism, regenerative braking system reuses the wasted energy generated in braking process and uses this energy to charge the battery. The wasted energy is transferred to the generator, which converts rotary motion of wheel into electrical energy and it is given to the battery. This saves a lot of energy wasted in the form of heat.
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Hudz, Hustav, and Mykhailo Hlobchak. "The influence of important factors on the distribution of heat flows in elements of drum brakes of vehicles." Transport technologies 2023, no. 1 (2023): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/tt2023.01.083.
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The movement of motor vehicles at high speeds is impossible without a braking system capable of ensuring high braking efficiency. It has been established that the most unstable link of the braking system is the brake mechanism, since from the energy point of view, braking with friction brakes is the process of converting part of the mechanical energy of the motor vehicle into heat. Braking is a long process during which many counterbody parameters change, in particular, thermophysical parameters due to temperature changes, friction coefficient, etc. If, under these circumstances, the surface and volume temperatures exceed the permissible values, then the frictional properties of the friction pairs and the conditions of the interaction of the parts change, which leads to a change in the characteristics of the brake mechanisms and the brake system as a whole. The standards of most countries and international prescriptions regulate braking performance meters not only for one-time emergency braking with cold brakes but also for emergency braking performed after the conversion of a given amount of energy into heat during a given time. It was found that the preservation of the necessary braking efficiency after the conversion of a given amount of energy into heat will be ensured only if the braking system has sufficient energy capacity. The object of the research is the distribution of heat flows in the elements of the brake mechanism, which determine the critical temperature of the friction surfaces. It was established that F. Charron's formula cannot correctly estimate such a distribution due to taking into account only the thermophysical properties of materials of friction pairs. It is shown that the influence of the design parameters of the brake and its modes of operation on the distribution of heat flows in the drum brake of a motor vehicle can also be estimated on grid thermal models with the involvement of the "Fourier-2xyz" software complex.
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Kang, Jaewon, Sihyun Ryu, Ho-Jong Gil, and Sang-Kyoon Park. "Effects of Modified Outsole Patterns in Tennis Shoes on Frictional Force and Biomechanical Variables of Lower Extremity Joints." Applied Sciences 13, no. 4 (2023): 2342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13042342.
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(1) Background: This study aimed to examine the effects of four different outsole patterns on frictional force and lower extremities during tennis-specific movements. (2) Methods: Four tennis shoes with different widths of outsole treads were manufactured for this study (A: all thin, B: all thick, C: laterally thin and medially thick, D: medially thick and laterally thin). The frictional force was measured during a mechanical test. Eleven male recreational tennis players participated in the study. The data were collected using sixteen infrared cameras and a force plate for a biomechanical test. (3) Results: During the mechanical test, there was a significant difference between the shoes in the forward and sideward Coefficient of Translational Friction (CoF) and clockwise rotational friction (p < 0.05). There were significant differences in the maximum ankle internal rotation angle during braking motion (p < 0.05). In contrast, a significant difference in the maximum internal rotation moment of the ankle was found during forward braking motion (p < 0.05). (4) Conclusions: Based on these results, the difference in the outsole tread width (0.6 mm) affected mechanical frictional force, but this phenomenon was less influenced by the adaptation of the lower extremity joint’s movement in a tennis-specific motion. Finally, the difference in the outsole pattern affects the rotational movement and moment of the ankle joint. Thus, any slight change in friction by modified outsole patterns of tennis shoes requires close attention to develop the functional requirements for tennis performance.
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Yevtushenko, Aleksander, Katarzyna Topczewska, and Michal Kuciej. "Analytical Determination of the Brake Temperature Mode during Repetitive Short-Term Braking." Materials 14, no. 8 (2021): 1912. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14081912.
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An algorithm to determine the maximum temperature of brake systems during repetitive short-term (RST) braking mode has been proposed. For this purpose, the intermittent mode of braking was given in the form of a few cyclic stages consisting of subsequent braking and acceleration processes. Based on the Chichinadze’s hypothesis of temperature summation, the evolutions of the maximum temperature during each cycle were calculated as the sum of the mean temperature on the nominal contact surface of the friction pair elements and temperature attained on the real contact areas (flash temperature). In order to find the first component, the analytical solution to the one-dimensional thermal problem of friction for two semi-spaces taking into account frictional heat generation was adapted. To find the flash temperature, the solution to the problem for the semi-infinite rod sliding with variable velocity against a smooth surface was used. In both solutions, the temperature-dependent coefficient of friction and thermal sensitivity of materials were taken into account. Numerical calculations were carried out for disc and drum brake systems. The obtained temporal variations of sliding velocity, friction power and temperature were investigated on each stage of braking. It was found that the obtained results agree well with the corresponding data established by finite element and finite-difference methods.
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Bao, Jiusheng, Zengsong Li, Dongyang Hu, Yan Yin, and Tonggang Liu. "Frictional Performance and Temperature Rise of a Mining Nonasbestos Brake Material during Emergency Braking." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/867549.
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By simulating emergency braking conditions of mine hoisters, tribological experiments of a mining nonasbestos brake material sliding on E355CC steel friction disc investigated a pad-on-disc friction tester. It is shown that, under combined influence of braking velocity and pressure, the lubricating film and micro-convex-apices on wear surface would have complex physicochemical reactions which make the instant friction coefficient rise gradually while the instant surface temperature rises first and then falls. With the antifriction effect from lubricating film and the desquamating of composite materials, the mean friction coefficient decreases first, then rises, and decreases again with the increasing of initial braking velocity. And with the existence of micro-convex-apices and variation from increment ratio of load and actual contacting area, it rises first and then falls with the increasing of braking pressure. However, the mean surface temperature rises obviously with the increasing of both initial braking velocity and braking pressure for growth of transformed kinetic energy. It is considered that the friction coefficient cannot be considered as a constant when designing brake devices for mine hoisters. And special attention should be paid to the serious influence of surface temperature on tribological performance of brake material during emergency braking.
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Holinski, R., and D. Hesse. "Changes at interfaces of friction components during braking." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 217, no. 9 (2003): 765–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095440700321700901.
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The energy generated during the braking procedure needs to be dissipated. As a result of energy adsorption, a number of physical and chemical effects occur that result in surface changes of friction elements. These changes determine the service life of friction components and the effectiveness of brakes. Some of the surface changes are detrimental while others are beneficial for a safe braking procedure. Some changes in interfaces have been studied. In particular, during wet seasons, metallization of brake components is encountered, resulting in surface destruction of brake components. It was found that water decomposes at frictional interfaces during braking. Hydrogen diffuses into the rotor surface, resulting in metallurgical changes. Thin metal foils of alpha-iron are sheared from rotor surfaces and are transferred to composite surfaces. Metallization of pad surfaces results in high noise and wear during braking. Transfer of composite material to the rotor surface leads to the formation of layers which reduces wear of friction elements. Controlled transfer of material is essential for good braking performance. It was found that, at rotor temperatures higher than 500 °C, composite material is no longer transferred to rotor surfaces; rather, the additives in the composite react chemically at rotor surfaces. Decomposition compounds from additives are found on brake discs. Transfer layers and chemical reactions on rotor surfaces have been studied.
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Pribilinec, F., and L. Čajkovič. "Improving measuring line parameters of the UIC test bench." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1199, no. 1 (2021): 012032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1199/1/012032.
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Abstract This article deals with the description of the management of variable braking force at the request of multi-level braking on certification test bench UIC. The device is used to analyze the frictional properties of rolling stock brake accessory components. The introduction of the article describes and approaches the function of the measurement and control process. Based on the UIC standard, the requirement for variable braking force for multi-level braking is described. The conclusion of the article is devoted to evaluating the accuracy of measured data and analyzing undesirable phenomena.
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Rakhimhodjaev, Saidvoris, Salikh Tashpulatov, Gulfiya Sobirova, Marguba Rajapova, and Igor Tyurin. "Dynamics of the warp beam brake drive on a weaving loom for the production of natural silk fabrics." E3S Web of Conferences 515 (2024): 01019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202451501019.
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In the process of producing silk fabrics, by the fact of the high elastic properties of the threads large relaxation oscillations occur in the weaving system of the loom. Therefore, it is advisable to equip looms for the production of silk fabrics with brake regulators, and the rest of the range of fabrics with main regulators. On the basis of a mechanical model of relaxation oscillations and the scheme of a braking regulator for this model the regularities of friction force change depending on the duration of immovable contact and spring tension in time are obtained. The friction force for long contact time, zero contact time and contact time are determined. The mode against rotation of a driving disk causes stability of braking in a frictional pair.
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Salem, H. Alzaid, and M.M. Aljassar Jassar. "The Effect of Dust on Friction in the Car's Brake System." International Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Technology 12, no. 2 (2024): 23–26. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14275726.
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<strong>Abstract:</strong> The braking system is one of the most critical safety components in automobiles. The system's performance largely depends on the frictional interaction between the brake pad and the disc rotor. Dust accumulation, both from external sources (environmental dust) and internal wear (brake pad debris), significantly impacts this interaction. This study explores the effects of dust on the frictional performance, wear characteristics, and thermal properties of brake systems. It highlights the mechanisms by which dust influences brake efficiency, the challenges posed by dust accumulation, and potential solutions to mitigate these effects. <strong>Keywords:</strong><em> </em>braking system, critical safety components, automobiles.<em> </em> <strong>Title:</strong> The Effect of Dust on Friction in the Car's Brake System <strong>Author:</strong> Salem H. Alzaid, Jassar M.M. Aljassar <strong>International Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Technology </strong> <strong>ISSN 2348-7593 (Online)</strong> <strong>Vol. 12, Issue 2, October 2024 - March 2025</strong> <strong>Page No: 23-26</strong> <strong>Research Publish Journals</strong> <strong>Website: www.researchpublish.com</strong> <strong>Published Date: 04-December-2024</strong> <strong>DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14275726</strong> <strong>Paper Download Link (Source)</strong> <strong>https://www.researchpublish.com/papers/the-effect-of-dust-on-friction-in-the-cars-brake-system</strong>
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Kuciej, Michal, Piotr Grzes, and Piotr Wasilewski. "A Comparison of 3D and 2D FE Frictional Heating Models for Long and Variable Applications of Railway Tread Brake." Materials 13, no. 21 (2020): 4846. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13214846.
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The article proposes two 3D and 2D numerical FE models of frictional heating for the estimation of temperature distributions in railway tread brake in 1xBg configuration during repeated long-term braking. The results of computations were compared with the time courses of temperature measured using thermocouples throughout the duration of the tests on a full-scale dynamometer for two different brake shoe materials in combination with a steel wheel. The resulting temperature distributions calculated using the proposed models agreed well with the experimental measurements, and the maximum difference in temperature values does not exceed 20%. It has been proven that 2D FE model can be as efficient as 3D model to estimate the temperature distribution during long-term and variable braking in the considered friction node. The differences in the calculation of the temperature values using these models did not exceed 3%, and the calculation time for the 2D model, compared to the 3D model, was shorter approximately 85 times for the braking cycle lasting 5032 s, and approximately 45 times for the braking cycle lasting 3297 s.