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Cherrier, Béatrice. "Valeurs et théorisation économique chez Gunnar Myrdal, Jacob Marschak, et Milton Friedman." Paris 10, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA100116.
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Cette thèse s’intéresse aux relations entre l’activité scientifique des économistes et leurs valeurs ou croyances privées. Elles doivent être réexaminées en raison des évolutions techniques qu’a connue la science économique à partir des années trente, accroissant la revendication des économistes à l’objectivité malgré leur proximité grandissante vis-à-vis du pouvoir politique. A l’aide de trois études de cas basées sur des recherches d’archive, nous montrons comment les valeurs privées pénètrent le processus de théorisation, résistent à des techniques de plus en plus sophistiquées de confrontation avec les faits, et sont utilisées pour formuler des politiques économiques. Les exemples de Gunnar Myrdal, Jacob Marschak, et Milton Friedman prouvent que les relations entre science et valeurs ne sont ni unilatérales ni linéaires et qu’il est impossible de séparer clairement les valeurs politiques des croyances sur le monde tel qu’il est (les valeurs cognitives). Nous étudions donc l’interaction de ces deux types de valeurs au sein de la vision du monde de l’économiste, là ou des contradictions, des dilemmes ou un renforcement mutuel entre valeurs privées et valeurs scientifiques peuvent intervenir. Nous montrons aussi que les choix méthodologiques jouent un rôle central dans les relations entre science et valeurs, car ils peuvent agir comme un bouclier contre les valeurs ou à l’inverse comme une porte d’entrée. Enfin, nous démontrons que la définition de politiques économiques fait appel à des jugements privés, et que ces trois économistes pensent pouvoir fonder scientifiquement leurs croyances politiques, ce qui aboutit à une fusion de ces deux types de penséeThis dissertation deals with the relationships between economists’ scientific activities and their private values. Their re-examination is made necessary by the technical evolutions within economic science from the thirties on, which increased economists’ claim for objectivity in spite of their growing proximity with the political process. With the help of three case studies based on archive research, we show how values enter the theorizing process, survive an increasingly technically demanding process of confrontation with facts, and are used in the definition of economic policies. The examples of Gunnar Myrdal, Jacob Marschak and Milton Friedman prove that the relationships between science and values are neither simple nor unilateral, and that it is impossible to separate clearly political values from beliefs on the world as it is (that is, cognitive values). We thus study how these two types of values interact within the economist’s worldview, where contradictions, dilemmas or mutual reinforcement between private and scientific beliefs take place. We also show that methodological choices are crucial for the links between values and science, since they can act as a shield against values or, on the contrary, as their channel into science. We finally demonstrate that private beliefs are necessary to the definition of economic policy and that our three economists think that their political beliefs are scientifically based, which results in a merging between the two strands of thinking
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Nascimento, Pedro Henrique 1983. "Dinheiro e política monetária : Friedman x Davidson." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286429.
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Orientador: Rogério Pereira de AndradeDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
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Resumo: Este trabalho examina os principais pontos de divergência entre os economistas Milton Friedman e Paul Davidson no que se refere ao papel da moeda, assim como a condução de suas políticas monetárias. O ponto de partida para essa análise é o fascinante debate de ideias entre os autores ocorrido no início da década de 1970 sobre o arcabouço teórico desenvolvido por Friedman, o qual prometia sepultar de uma vez por todas qualquer conflito entre economistas clássicos e "keynesianos". Embora o objetivo do monetarista tenha sido eliminar essas divergências, estas ficaram ainda mais evidentes a partir do debate direto entre os autores, deixando claro que o consenso entre eles nos moldes apresentados pelo debate não seria possível. Nesse sentido, o trabalho propõe um método alternativo para solucionar essa "disputa", ao apresentar o argumento de Sheila Dow, o qual sugere que as diferenças entre os economistas são resultado de suas também distintas posições metodológicas, as quais trazem implícitas as diferentes "visões de mundo" dos autores. Essas diferenças metodológicas são, portanto, a chave para compreender como Friedman e Davidson puderam atingir resultados tão contrastantes sobre dinheiro e política monetária
Abstract: This paper examines the main points of divergence between the economists Milton Friedman and Paul Davidson regarding the role of the money, as well as the conduct of their monetary policies. The starting point for this analysis is the fascinating debate of ideas among authors occurred at the beginning of the 1970s on the theoretical framework developed by Friedman, which promised bury once and for all any conflict between economists and classic "Keynesian". Although the objective of monetary policy has been to eliminate these differences, these were even more evident from the direct discussion between the authors, making it clear that the consensus between them in the manner presented by debate would not be possible. In this sense, the paper proposes an alternative method to resolve this "dispute", presenting the argument of Sheila Dow, which suggests that the differences between the economists are the result of their also distinct methodological positions, which brings the implied different "world views" of authors. These methodological differences are, therefore, the key to understanding how Friedman and Davidson could achieve results so contrasting on money and monetary policy
Mestrado
Teoria Economica
Mestre em Ciências Econômicas
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Dahlin, Rickard. "Korrelationen mellan kostnad och resultat." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik, didaktik och utbildningsstudier, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-313213.
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Niamkey, Amlam M. "La politique monétaire et la stagflation : les points de vue de Milton Friedman et de Friedrich A. Hayek." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985CLF1D037.
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Kraft, Michael Gerhard. "Ökonomie zwischen Wissenschaft und Ethik : eine dogmenhistorische Untersuchung von Léon M. E. Walras bis Milton Friedmann /." Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] : Lang, 2005. http://www.gbv.de/dms/ilmenau/toc/497325365kraft.PDF.
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Ferreira, Fran?ois de Oliveira. "Da crise do estado ? democracia como alvo: Observa??es sobre o neoliberalismo a partir de Friedrich Hayek e Milton Friedman." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2009. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/13557.
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Previous issue date: 2009-03-13The neoliberalism proclaims the crisis of the State in front of globalization , but, approaching two books taken as basic on this theoretical chain - The road to serfdom, of Friedrich Hayek, and Capitalism and Freedom, of Milton Friedman - to analyze this supposed dualism, the conclusion into which we arrive is another one. Remembering liberal tradition and quickly, later, analyzing critically the workmanships, can be perceived that others are the conflicts really gifts in the current capitalist reality - market versus State et capitalism versus democracy - and, from the understanding on the reading made and the theoretical trajectory of its authors, we may see as the neoliberalism locates itself in relation to these conflicts, which polar regions of these antagonisms privileges, what represents the State for itself, and what it intends as much more global philosophy than economic/politics thinking only
O neoliberalismo apregoa a crise do Estado diante da globaliza??o , mas, abordando dois livros tidos como fundamentais dessa corrente te?rica O caminho da servid?o, de Friedrich Hayek, e Capitalismo e Liberdade, de Milton Friedman para analisar essa suposta dualidade, a conclus?o a que chegamos ? outra. Recuperada rapidamente a tradi??o liberal e, depois, analisadas criticamente essas obras, pode-se perceber que outros s?o os conflitos realmente presentes na realidade capitalista atual mercado versus Estado et capitalismo versus democracia e, a partir da compreens?o sobre a leitura efetuada e a trajet?ria te?rica de seus autores, v?-se como o neoliberalismo se posiciona em rela??o a esses conflitos, que p?los desses antagonismos privilegia, o que representa o Estado para si, e o que pretende ele como filosofia muito mais totalizante do que meramente econ?mica/pol?tica
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Kontzler, Hélène. "Une mise en perspective historique et analytique de l'offre de monnaie : Hayek, Friedman et Lucas." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010023.
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Cette thèse présente Friedman, Lucas et Hayek comme des figures représentatives de l'interprétation moderne d'une tradition dichotomique qui aurait commencé dès la fin du XVIe siècle. Lorsque le principe dichotomique existe c'est, tant chez les Classiques que chez les Modernes, sur la base d'une acceptation quantitative des besoins d'encaisses. Si la dichotomie appelle un raisonnement quantitativiste et si différentes formes d'analyses quantitatives coexistent, elle impose que l'on s'intéresse à la nature de la neutralité. La neutralité est envisagée de deux façons - «postulée» ou «objectivée». Si la première est présente au XIX" siècle, des Bullionistes aux Currentistes, des Anti-Bullionistes aux Bankistes, les deux formes de neutralité ne sont repérables que dans les analyses de Friedman, Lucas et Hayek. Cette absence de différenciation explique les défaillances des théories classiques. Car «dichotomie», (juste quantité d'encaisses» et «neutralité» posent la question de la pertinence du cadre monétaire face au rôle qui leur est dévolu. Or, celui-ci répond à la double définition de la neutralité. Les modernes résolvent la question de la pertinence des cadres d'analyse et aborde les problèmes de gestion des encaisses afin de garantir le degré de stabilité visé. Les Classiques, à l'inverse, n'y parvinrent que partiellement. Finalement l'identification d'un objectif commun de dichotomie chez les Anciens et les Modernes n'a pas suffi à faire émerger la pertinence des différentes analyses quantitatives, ni à créer des filiations. Ces éléments feront, en conclusion, l'objet d'un traitement systématique modélisé.
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Balling, Stephan [Verfasser], and Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Zöller. "Sozialphilosophie und Geldpolitik bei Friedrich August von Hayek, Walter Eucken, Joseph Alois Schumpeter, Milton Friedman und John Maynard Keynes / Stephan Balling. Betreuer: Michael Zöller." Bayreuth : Universität Bayreuth, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1059353598/34.
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Saisekar, Avantika. "Did Consumers Really Change Their Consumption Habits After the 2008 Recession? A Look into Consumer Expenditure Using Milton Friedman's Permanent Income Hypothesis." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/508.
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This paper focuses on the consumer expenditure habits in the years following the 2008 recession as compared to Milton Freidman’s Permanent Income Hypothesis. Panel data collected at the household level from the Consumer Expenditure Survey was used to analyze the change in consumption based on the change in income for the years 2009, 2010 and 2011. To achieve a greater understanding of expenditure patterns, this essay also analyzes the income elasticity of demand for elastic goods including expenditure on apparel, food eaten at restaurants, entertainment and transportation. With the use of panel and time series regressions we find that the Permanent Income Hypothesis holds true and consumers only marginally responded to a change in income in their consumption patterns. We hypothesize that the large spike in savings that was seen in May of 2008 resulted because of low consumer confidence, which in turn lead to a change in transitory consumption. Furthermore, we find that older adults spent more money on elastic goods than younger adults. This may be because older adults tend to have other assets that can financially support them in the case of a drastic change in income.
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Comisarow, Carol A. "The relative stability of monetary velocity and the investment multiplier : a replication of the Friedman-Meiselman study /." Thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03242009-040611/.
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Sonett, Alexandra. "A Promise is a Promise: The Ethical Implications for CEO’s Acting Socially Responsible within a Corporation." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1182.
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The prevalence of corporate social responsibility has been continually increasing over recent years. The debate of whether a business should act in a manner that furthers societal needs or if they should simply focus their efforts on maximizing shareholder value is of popular interest since it affects the fundamental structures of how a business will operate. One of the major influencing theories in favor of social responsibility is the stakeholder theory. The opposing viewpoint is the shareholder theory, which highlights that the sole responsibility for a corporation is to act in a way that maximizes profits. This thesis will outline the stakeholder and shareholder theories to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the debate and then offer a critical and philosophical analysis of shareholder theory to ultimately argue why the moral significance of a promise better promotes maximizing shareholder value.
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Rivera, González Juan Pablo. "La educación como un bien social autónomo. Pensamiento de Michael Walzer y ensayo de aplicación al sistema neoliberal chileno." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2014. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/129782.
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Memoria (licenciado en ciencias jurídicas y sociales)Autor no autoriza el acceso a texto completo de su documento
La presente memoria se compone de dos grandes capítulos y una reflexión final. El primer capítulo consiste en un análisis general de una obra esencial para la filosofía política contemporánea como lo es “Las Esferas de la Justicia” (1983) del profesor estadounidense Michael Walzer. Se comienza contextualizando dicha obra en base a tres corrientes de pensamiento: el liberalismo, el neoliberalismo, y el comunitarismo. Luego, se exhibe llanamente la concepción del autor acerca de ideales como la justicia, el pluralismo y la igualdad. Especialmente, se estudia la esfera de la justicia referida a la educación, concebida por Walzer como un bien social autónomo y cuyos muros deben impedir la injerencia de factores externos, tales como el dinero o el poder. ¿Cómo se plantea la tiranía en la esfera de la educación? ¿Cuál es el papel de la escuela en una sociedad democrática? Interrogantes de este tipo son las que se pretende responder basándonos en el libro ya referido. El segundo capítulo apunta a examinar los criterios ideológicos neoliberales fundantes – especialmente debidos a Friedman- del actual sistema educacional chileno, implantados por la dictadura militar de Pinochet. La reflexión final intentará relacionar ambos capítulos afirmando la tesis que en Chile la “Esfera de la Educación” en todos sus tramos – básica, media y superior- se rige eminentemente bajo cánones mercantiles, creando serias desigualdades sociales, notoria segregación e individuos profundamente carentes de formación ciudadana; todos elementos ajenos a una democracia. Se concluye que el sistema educativo actual opera como un simple reproductor del sistema de clases sociales, tanto teórica, como empíricamente. Urge entonces adherirse como sociedad a una concepción de la educación como un bien social autónomo, inclusive más allá de la concepción liberal de derecho humano social
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Kovanda, Lukáš. "Finanční krize a metodologie ekonomie." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-196930.
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The thesis deals with significant moments in the relationship between methodology of economics and implications of the financial crisis culminating in 2008 and 2009. Its key insight rests upon the claim that some theoretical concepts developed within mainstream economics do not tackle the reality adequately and contributed in a significant way to the sequence of events leading to the financial crisis. Most of those concepts were introduced in the second half of the 20th century, during a "high tide" of positivistic ideas in the domain of methodology of mainstream economics. Though the same ideas had been already discredited to a large extent by the philosophy of science at the time, mainstream economists did not reflect it satisfactorily. Aside from a historical expose the thesis consists also of an outline of a possible future development of the prevailing form of economic theory; four scenarios of future potential development are presented. In the final parts of the thesis, which are focused more specifically, the author appraises negatively options of the Austrian School as well as post-Keynesianism to influence in a more significant manner the mainstream economics during the post-crisis era.
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Kraft, Michael Gerhard. "Ökonomie im Spannungsfeld von Wissenschaft und Ethik. Eine dogmenhistorische Untersuchung von Léon M.E. Walras bis Milton Friedman." Thesis, 2004. http://epub.wu.ac.at/1883/1/document.pdf.
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Mit der Formulierung der Allgemeinen Gleichgewichtstheorie durch Léon Walras liegt ein umfassender und systematischer Ansatz in der ökonomischen Theoriegeschichte vor, der die ökonomische Wissenschaft als eine den Naturwissenschaften analoge, exakte Wissenschaftsdisziplin begreift die eindeutig von der Sphäre der Moral abgegrenzt ist. Diese Vorstellung hatte weitreichende Auswirkungen auf die Theorieentwicklung des 20. Jahrhunderts. Jedoch konnte eine solche Forderung nach Wissenschaftlichkeit der ökonomischen Wissenschaft nicht gerecht werden, da sich ihr Untersuchungsgegenstand durch den freien menschlichen Willen auszeichnet. Deshalb sollte diese Forderung im Laufe ihrer geschichtlichen Entwicklung zu einer Ummodellierung auf der zugrunde liegenden methodologischen Ebene führen, um der gängigen Wertfreiheitskritik beizukommen und ein wissenschaftliches Abgrenzungskriterium auszumachen. Dabei zeigt sich in der theoriegeschichtlichen Entwicklung des 20. Jahrhunderts (exemplarisch durch M. Friedman, L. Robbins, F.H. Knight und L. Walras), dass die ökonomische Wissenschaft aufgrund ihrer Natur dem Kriterium des Falsifikationismus und einer positivistischen Wissenschaft nicht gerecht werden kann und ihre wissenschaftliche Entwicklung nicht eine kontinuierliche im Sinne des wissenschaftlichen Fortschritts darstellte. Somit kann in der historischen Formation mit der Wertfreiheitskritik einhergehend in der Suche nach einer den Naturwissenschaften analogen Objektivität eine Eingrenzung der reinen Theorie sowie einer daraus resultierenden wandelnden Methodologie beobachtet werden. Der Versuch eine rein objektiv definierte Sphäre der Ökonomie herauszulösen blieb letztlich erfolglos. Denn jegliche sozialwissenschaftliche Auffassung ist von Werturteilen durchzogen und eine naturwissenschaftliche Methodologie stößt in der ökonomischen Wissenschaft an ihre Grenzen, da Werturteile nicht aus der Wissenschaft eliminiert sondern lediglich verdeckt wurden und man versuchte, die Wahl auf ethischer Ebene mittels wissenschaftlicher Ergebnisse zu determinieren. (Autorenref.)
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Ackroyd, Vaughan Richard. "Commercial and Business Incorporation: Enhancing the notion of corporation to include an ethical statement." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/3503.
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Today’s modern, Canadian, business corporations are hugely influential in determining public policy and many aspects of people’s lives. Because this influence permeates so much of our social construct, we expect corporations to act in an ethical manner. Yet, at the very baseline of legal incorporation, there is not a requirement for corporations, per se, to be ethical or to act in an ethical manner. This situation has set up a form of ethical dualism, with individual citizens being required to act in certain prescribed manners, while corporations, which in most cases comprise individual citizens, are allowed to ignore or even to flaunt similar ethical rules and standards. In this investigative paper on corporate applied ethics, I will examine arguments for and against the notion of including ethical responsibility statements within the concept of incorporation. This paper will provide a historical framework in which to view some of the complexities involved, and examine certain influential assertions made by Milton Friedman.
The paper will begin with a look at what is meant by corporation in this context. This will be followed by an analysis of the arguments put forward by Milton Friedman in his famous essay “The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase Its Profits” and other related arguments. These other arguments, as objections to the inclusion of ethics within the notion of corporation, fall into three main types: objections to concept; to ability; and to process. I will review each in turn, with the hope that, by dispelling the Friedmanian arguments against corporate ethical inclusion, a new baseline for incorporation might be established.
The second part of the paper will examine what kind of ethics might best suit the corporation. It will also consider ethical growth with respect to business. The paper will conclude with a suggestion as to how the inclusion of ethics within the notion of incorporation might be accomplished.
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Santerre, Chantal. "La problématique de la justice fiscale : le cas du Québec." Mémoire, 2010. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/2923/1/M11403.pdf.
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Le présent mémoire cherche à préciser les contours d'une fiscalité équitable dans le cadre du système économique et politique actuel au Québec et au Canada. Pour ce faire, il commence (chapitre 1) par présenter les objectifs des régimes d'imposition et les moyens dont dispose ici l'État pour les atteindre. Par la suite (chapitre Il), nous exposons quatre théories libérales influentes de la justice reconnaissant toutes d'une part une place centrale à un idéal de la promotion de la liberté individuelle, d'autre part un certain rôle au libre-marché dans l'économie. Ces théories sont les suivantes: l'utilitarisme; la théorie de la justice comme équité; le libertarianisme et la théorie des capabilités. Enfin (chapitre III), après avoir retenu comme modèle la théorie des capabilités de Sen et justifié ce choix, nous esquissons, sur cette base, les contours d'une fiscalité équitable en nous efforçant d'en montrer la désirabilité et la faisabilité. La conclusion de ce mémoire en rappelle les inévitables limites et indique sommairement les avenues de recherche qu'ouvre le présent travail. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Fiscalité, Théorie de la justice, Équité, Éthique, Amartya Sen, John Rawls, Milton Friedman, Robert Nozick, Québec, Canada.
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Wang, Yueh-Ching, and 王月卿. "A Study of How Taiwan’s Intellectuals See Milton Friedman’s Voucher Plan." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/10401148893178873621.
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碩士臺北市立師範學院
國民教育研究所
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The purpose of the study was to analyze the problem caused by the way Taiwan introduced ideologies from the western world. Since Taiwan has a lot to learn from the West, the way of learning is important. Therefore, the study was attempting to find out the better means of introducing the western ideologies to the domestic. In order to figure it out, the author of this thesis studied the case of how Taiwan’s intellectuals saw Milton Friedman’s voucher plan. The first part of this essay started from reading two books written by Milton Friedman, namely, Capitalism and Freedom and Free to Choose. This step helped to understand Friedman’s educational ideas and the voucher plan he proposed fifty years ago for dealing with USA’s educational problems. For the next part, the author went on to analyze how Taiwan’s intellectuals, especially economists and educationists, saw the voucher plan. Based upon the accounts given in the first two parts, certain features of Taiwan’s introducing voucher plan were then described. According to the study, two suggestions were made. First, it was suggested that Taiwan’s intellectuals should pay more attention to the issues concerning how the ideologies under consideration developed and the subsequent controversies surrounding them. Second, it was suggested that scholars should keep policy makers informed as far as decision-making was concerned.