Dissertations / Theses: 'Friedmann'

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Lip, Sean Zhao Wen. "Generalized Friedmann cosmologies." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609891.

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Di, Gennaro Sofia. "Modelli cosmologici di Friedmann-Robertson-Walker." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/14518/.

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In questa trattazione si analizzano i principi base da cui si deriva la teoria della cosmologia standard, basata sul modello di Friedmann-Robertson-Walker. Si comincia con l’esposizione del principio cosmologico, che stabilisce l’omogeneità e isotropia dell’Universo alle grandi scale e del postulato di Weyl. Da essi si ricava poi la metrica di Friedmann-Robertson-Walker, che permette di definire una struttura causale in un Universo in espansione. Dalla metrica e dalle equazioni di campo di Einstein si ottengono poi le equazioni di Friedmann, le quali a loro volta possono essere integrate, ottenendo alcuni modelli importanti. Infine, si approfondiscono i concetti di redshift e determinazione delle distanze, concetti molto utili per misurare i parametri che regolano l’evoluzione dell’Universo.

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Pützfeld, Dirk. "Building and testing cosmological models: from Friedmann to Weyl-Cartan." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=968658032.

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Souza, Cleber Abrahão de. "Campos de Dirac no universo de Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2011. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/5345.

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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
A teoria relativística da gravitação é uma ferramenta fundamental para a compreensão da cosmologia moderna. Ela descreve a dinâmica do campo gravitacional ao longo do espaço-tempo. Dentre os possíveis modelos de universo, um dos mais comuns é o descrito pela métrica de Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW). Esta métrica pode ser escrita em termos do tempo conforme e descreve um universo homogêneo e isotrópico. Neste trabalho investigamos os campos de Dirac não massivos neste modelo de universo. Os resultados mostram uma compatibilidade entre as equações de Dirac e a métrica de FLRW. Os efeitos do parâmetro de Immirzi junto com os férmions podem ser descritos em termos de um ﬂuido perfeito usual intermediário entre a poeira e radiação.
The general relativity theory is fundamental tool for understanding the modern cosmology. In this work we investigated the massless Dirac ﬁelds in the Friedamm-Lamaitre-Robertson-Walker universe. The metric is written in terms of conformal time which describes a homogeneous and isotropic universe. We show that the effects of Immirzi parameter along with the fermions can be described in terms of a usual perfect ﬂuid intermediate between dust and radiation.

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Melia, Fulvio. "Physical basis for the symmetries in the Friedmann–Robertson–Walker metric." Springer Verlag, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/614770.

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Modern cosmological theory is based on the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) metric. Often written in terms of co-moving coordinates, this well-known solution to Einstein's equations owes its elegant and highly practical formulation to the Cosmological principal and Weyl's postulate, upon which it is founded. But there is physics behind such symmetries, and not all of it has yet been recognized. In this paper, we derive the FRW metric coefficients from the general form of the spherically-symmetric line element, and demonstrate that, because the co-moving frame also happens to be in free fall, the symmetries in FRW are valid only for a medium with zero active mass. In other words, the spacetime of a perfect fluid in cosmology may be correctly written as FRW only when its equation-of-state is $\rho+3p=0$, in terms of the {\it total} pressure $p$ and {\it total} energy density $\rho$. There is now compelling observational support for this conclusion, including the Alcock-Paczy\'nski test, which shows that only an FRW cosmology with zero active mass is consistent with the latest model-independent Baryon Acoustic Oscillation data.

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Chbib, Dyaa. "Détermination des paramètres cosmologiques dans le cadre du modèle de Friedmann-Lemaîtres." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0294/document.

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Un siècle après le modèle d'univers de Friedmann-Lemaître, les observations le confortent avec une constante cosmologique $\Lambda$ et une composante de matière sombre (noire) sans pression (poussière) et froide dominant celle baryonique, que l'on désigne par modèle $\Lambda$CDM. L'accélération de l'expansion de l'Univers confirmée par le diagramme de Hubble des supernovae en 1998 impose une valeur strictement positive à la constante cosmologique. Mes travaux de thèse se focalisent sur l'estimation des valeurs de paramètres cosmologiques du modèle standard en utilisant la technique de corrélation nulle. Cette approche présente l'avantage d'être plus robuste que les techniques usuelles. Ce travail a consisté aussi à modéliser des échantillons de l'événement quasar ainsi que l'événement supernova, une extrapolation adaptée du premier. Ce qui a permis de générer des échantillons conformes aux hypothèses des modèles, afin de valider les approches statistiques. Nous avons exploité les données du Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) pour les quasars, et celles du SuperNova Legacy Survey (SNLS) et du SDSS-II pour les supernovae. Les inférences statistiques ont conduit à un univers spatialement fermé et une présence de matière noire plus faible. Dans le cadre d'une prochaine application de cette technique, elle sera utilisée pour contraindre les modèles d'énergie noire. De même, l'utilisation des amas de galaxies observées grâce à l'effet de Sunyaev Zel'dovich, servira d'échantillon cosmologique. Une telle étude pourra contribuer à apporter un élément de réponse à la validité du rôle supposé des neutrinos massifs dans la formation des amas dans l'ère primordiale de l'Univers
A century after the Universe model of Friedmann-Lemaître, the observations comfort it with a cosmological constant $\Lambda$ and a dark matter component without pressure (dust) and cold dominating the baryonic one, which is denoted by $\Lambda$CDM model. The acceleration of the expansion of the Universe confirmed by the Hubble diagram of the supernovae in 1998 imposes a strictly positive value on the cosmological constant. My thesis work focuses on the estimation of the cosmological parameters values of the standard model using the null correlation technique. This approach has the advantage of being more robust than the usual techniques. This work deals with modelling samples of the quasar event and the supernova event, which enables us to generate samples in order to validate the statistical approaches. We used data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) for quasars, and the SuperNova Legacy Survey (SNLS) and SDSS-II for supernovae. The Statistical inferences suggest a Universe spatially Closed and a weaker presence of dark matter than that in the Standard model. Such a statistical analysis can be used to constrain dark energy models. Application of this technique might be useful for analyzing of clusters of galaxies observed through the effect of Sunyaev Zel'dovich, in view of deriving the cosmological model and provide an answer to the question of the contribution of massive neutrinos in the formation of clusters in the primordial era of the Universe

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Challane, Tlemsani Sofiane. "Le problème de l'horizon dans les modèles cosmologiques de Friedmann-Robertson-Walker." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20239.

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La these presentee traite, dans le cadre de la cosmologie standard (modeles de friedman-robertson-walker), du probleme de l'horizon. Dans une premiere partie, on etudie de facon explicite la condition d'homogeneisation causale d'une hypersurface caracterisee par une coordonnee temporelle constante. Appliquant cette condition a l'hypersurface de recombinaison, on montre que cette condition ne peut en aucun cas etre satisfaite. Le probleme de l'horizon dans le cas etudie du rayonnement a 3 k, ne se reduit apparemment pas a un probleme observationnel. La seconde partie se presente comme une alternative possible aux scenarios inflationnaires. On prend comme hypothese de base (dans le cadre f. R. W) le fait que, initialement, l'univers n'est pas decelere. Pendant une periode initiale, le fluide cosmique, n'est plus representable par un tenseur energie-impulsion de type fluide parfait. On retrouve alors une situation abondamment etudiee: le fluide cosmique est dissipatif (introduction d'une viscosite de volume). Cette situation est ici exploitee, non pour eliminer la singularite initiale (comme c'est le cas usuellement), mais pour faire jouer a la phase visqueuse le role d'une phase d'homogeneisation causale. La solution correspondant a cette phase entraine que sur un court intervalle de temps, l'univers ne possede pas encore d'horizon-particule. Dans la troisieme partie, on etudie la validite du comportement du facteur d'echelle pres de la singularite initiale pour les trois cas de courbures possibles

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Pérez, Rodríguez Jeinny Nallely. "A study of the problem of time in a Friedmann quantum cosmology." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/21716/.

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After reviewing Dirac's canonical quantization program and the canonical quantization of General Relativity, we study the problem of time in the context of a quantum minisuperspace cosmological model: a Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker spacetime coupled minimally to a scalar field. We explore different methods to include time and evolution in our formalism. We begin by discussing the possibility to identify a dynamical time variable before quantization. Such a time variable is constructed as a function of the phase space variables and leads to a multiple choice problem for the evolution of our quantum system. We then explore the connection between the Born-Oppenheimer (BO) approach to the problem of time and gauge fixing. We find that by choosing a particular gauge we can recover the Born-Oppenheimer approach ansatz both in the classical and in the quantum theory. In the latter, the result of the BO approach is recovered by performing a phase transformation in the Wheeler-DeWitt equation and requiring that the resulting Schrödinger-like equation is unitary.

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Gässler, Susanne. "Die Entdeckung der menschlichen Würde : jüdische Lebenswelt und humanistische Lebensgestaltung bei Friedrich Georg Friedmann /." Münster : Lit, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39149444h.

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Friedmann, Valérie [Verfasser]. "Versagensverhalten von Austenit-Martensit Rohrmischverbindungen für 600°C – Dampfkraftwerke unter Kriechermüdungsbelastung / Valérie Friedmann." Aachen : Shaker, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1069050237/34.

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Friedmann, Simon [Verfasser], and Karlheinz [Akademischer Betreuer] Meier. "A New Approach to Learning in Neuromorphic Hardware / Simon Friedmann ; Betreuer: Karlheinz Meier." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1177381761/34.

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Friedmann, Rebecca [Verfasser], Bernd [Akademischer Betreuer] Ahrbeck, and Jürgen [Akademischer Betreuer] Körner. "Praxisrelevante Differenzierung der Handlungsmotive von Gewalttätern / Rebecca Friedmann. Gutachter: Bernd Ahrbeck ; Jürgen Körner." Berlin : Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät IV, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1076822177/34.

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Geller, Sarah (Sarah R. ). "Total mass of a patch of a matter-dominated Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/112043.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, 2017.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 49).
In this thesis, I have addressed the question of how to calculate the total relativistic mass for a patch of a spherically-symmetric matter-dominated spacetime of negative curvature. This calculation provides the open-universe analogue to a similar calculation first proposed by Zel'dovich in 1962. I consider a finite, spherically-symmetric (SO(3)) spatial region of a Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) universe surrounded with a vacuum described by the Schwarzschild metric. Provided that the patch of FRW spacetime is glued along its boundary to a Schwarzschild spacetime in a sufficiently smooth manner, the result is a spatial region of FRW which transitions smoothly to an asymptotically flat exterior region such that spherical symmetry is preserved throughout. I demonstrate that this mass diverges as the size of the patch is taken to include the entire universe, and discuss the intuition provided by a classical approximation to the total mass using the formalism of Newtonian Cosmology.
by Sarah Geller.
S.M.

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Recktenwald, Andreas [Verfasser], and Ralph [Akademischer Betreuer] Friedmann. "Advanced methods for estimating the probability of informed trading / Andreas Recktenwald ; Betreuer: Ralph Friedmann." Saarbrücken : Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1212853377/34.

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Friedmann, Jonathan Lawrence. "A musical people : the role of music in Biblical life / by Jonathan L. Friedmann." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/8006.

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This thesis aims to uncover music’s important role in shaping and defining the selfidentity of ancient Israel. Functional music was integrated into Israel’s daily life, accompanying activities as diverse as manual labor and royal processionals. At key junctures and in core institutions, musical tones were used to formulate and deliver messages, convey and heighten emotions, assert and strengthen communal bonds, and establish and intensify human-divine contact. The intricate and multi-faceted nature of this music will be demonstrated through a detailed look into four main episodes and genres: the Song of the Sea (Exod. 15), King Saul and David’s harp (1 Sam. 16), the use of music in prophecy, and the Book of Psalms. Specifically, it will be argued that Israel’s birth as a free nation was marked by the Song of the Sea, its monarchic system was defined by the archetypical musician-king David, it depended on God’s word delivered through the often musical messages of prophecy, and its appointed institution for mediating worship was designed and officiated by a class of priestly musicians. Moreover, three of these four areas involve the main leadership categories of Old Testament society—king, prophet and priest—giving added support to the view that music held a prominent place and played a defining role within that civilization. The conception of music as a central element of biblical society will be developed using an interdisciplinary approach, wherein pertinent information from an array of specializations and sources is put into conversation and Old Testament passages are analyzed through a modern-scientific lens. Rather than relying on a single methodology, this study is rooted in the premise that by applying a variety of contemporary theoretical tools to selected Old Testament passages, essential functions of music in biblical life can be illuminated. Such an endeavour requires tools from a number of fields, including but not limited to theology, sociology, anthropology, musicology, cognitive science and music therapy, as well as the classification of musical references into four primary functions: cohesive, therapeutic, emotive/spiritual and didactic. The result is a thesis that identifies reasons for—and not just the existence of—music in biblical life, and, most centrally, shows significant ways music informed Israel’s understanding of itself.
Thesis (PhD (Old Testament))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

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Friedmann, Anton [Verfasser]. "Aspekte der Augmentation und des Erhalts des Alveolarknochens um dentale Implantate bei Parodontalerkrankten / Anton Friedmann." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2008. http://d-nb.info/1027306314/34.

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Eckhardt, Holger [Verfasser], and Birgit [Akademischer Betreuer] Friedmann-Bette. "Kniebeugetraining auf der Vibrationsplatte: Effekte auf Muskelfaserrekrutierung und Genexpressionsänderungen / Holger Eckhardt ; Betreuer: Birgit Friedmann-Bette." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1180608917/34.

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Friedmann, Oliver [Verfasser], and Martin [Akademischer Betreuer] Lange. "Exponential Lower Bounds for Solving Infinitary Payoff Games and Linear Programs / Oliver Friedmann. Betreuer: Martin Lange." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1015170005/34.

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Kraft, Michael Gerhard. "Ökonomie zwischen Wissenschaft und Ethik : eine dogmenhistorische Untersuchung von Léon M. E. Walras bis Milton Friedmann /." Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] : Lang, 2005. http://www.gbv.de/dms/ilmenau/toc/497325365kraft.PDF.

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Heel, Michael [Verfasser], and Arne [Akademischer Betreuer] Friedmann. ""Waldbrände in den Nördlichen Kalkalpen - raumzeitliche Verteilung und Beispiele lokaler Auswirkungen" / Michael Heel. Betreuer: Arne Friedmann." Augsburg : Universität Augsburg, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1096162997/34.

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Nordhag, Maria, and Fabian Ilgner. "Territory and Function in Ribáuè : - A Study on Smallholder Agricultural Development." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-29233.

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This thesis investigates smallholder agricultural development in the district of Ribáuè, Mozambique. The thesis is guided by an analytical framework based on Friedmann’s concepts of territory and function. From this, one can tell that most development initiatives have followed functional principles which often fail to address rural development. The objective was, as such, to try to see how smallholders are affected by territorial and functional development principles and how meeting points between the two concepts could be established to promote empowering of agricultural smallholders. A field study was conducted in order to collect data through a multitude of semi-structured interviews, participation and observational studies. Most time was spent in the district of Ribáuè but visits were paid to the city of Nampula and Maputo. The result shows that there is a considerable degree of relativity concerning development initiatives aimed at rural areas. A particular initiative may, from the central level, be perceived as decentralizing and supporting of the rural community. But many initiatives end up concentrated around urban or semi-urban centers of the province or district. Thus, many remote areas are still excluded. Yet, there are ways to strengthen and empower local communities from a more bottom-up approach. Farmer associations, for instance, have the potential of empowering farmers in many ways beyond the financial aspect. The results also highlight the difficulties of prioritizing initiatives when on a strained budget in a society where most areas are in need of support.

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Friedmann, Jan [Verfasser], Ralph [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Kennel, and Ingo [Gutachter] Hahn. "Reduktion des Sensorikbedarfs in der industriellen Antriebstechnik / Jan Friedmann ; Gutachter: Ralph Kennel, Ingo Hahn ; Betreuer: Ralph Kennel." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1121206735/34.

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Chávarri-Dupuy, Martha. "FRIEDMANN, W. , El Derecho en una sociedad en transformación, Fondo de Cultura Económica, México, 1966, 546 pp." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/115738.

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Friedmann, Kim [Verfasser], and Markus [Akademischer Betreuer] Hoth. "Funktionale Analyse von Tötungsmechanismen humaner Melanom-spezifischer CD8+ T-Zellen und natürlicher Killerzellen / Kim Friedmann ; Betreuer: Markus Hoth." Saarbrücken : Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1213294460/34.

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Friedmann, David [Verfasser]. "Zero-Waste Processing of Polymetallic Deep-Sea Nodules from the German License for Complete Manganese Recovery / David Friedmann." Düren : Shaker, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1236834402/34.

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SANTOS, Fábio Magalhães de Novaes. "Cosmologia inflacionária e o problema da medida." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2009. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/6458.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
No século XX, a cosmologia deixou o campo da metafísica para ser consolidada como um ramo da ciência teórica e experimental. Nos últimos anos tem sido observado um grande avanço no importante aparato observacional da cosmologia tornando possível sondar eventos físicos que ocorreram a cerca de 13 bilhões de anos, supostamente ocorridos próximos à singularidade inicial conhecida como Big Bang. Entretanto, muitos mistérios permanecem esperando para ser resolvidos neste novo e promissor século. Entre eles estão as questões da formação de estruturas cosmológicas e das flutuações de densidade na radiação cósmica de fundo (CMB). A solução mais popular parece ser a chamada inflação cosmológica, a ideia de que um período de expansão acelerada ocorrido cerca de 10��43 s após o início do Universo poderia explicar as condições iniciais do Big Bang e o espectro da CMB. Neste trabalho, analisamos a generalidade do modelo mais simples e mais usado na literatura, o modelo f-FRW, e suas propriedades no espaço de fase da teoria. A ação estudada consiste na de Einstein-Hilbert onde supomos uma métrica do tipo Robertson-Walker acoplada com um campo escalar f e um potencial arbitrário V(f). Aplicamos a equação de Wheeler-DeWitt no modelo f-FRW e, então, propomos uma medida quântica no espaço de fase modificada pelo princípio holográfico de forma a contar heuristicamente a degenerescência proveniente dos graus de liberdade quânticos da gravitação

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Friedmann, Ronald [Verfasser], and Mario [Akademischer Betreuer] Kessler. "Arthur Ewert (1890-1959) : der Lebens- und Leidensweg eines deutschen Kommunisten auf drei Kontinenten / Ronald Friedmann ; Betreuer: Mario Kessler." Potsdam : Universität Potsdam, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1218398566/34.

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Friedmann, David [Verfasser], and Christopher [Akademischer Betreuer] Balme. "Die Bavaria Film 1919 bis 1945: eine Unternehmensgeschichte im Spannungsfeld kulturpolitischer und ökonomischer Einflüsse / David Friedmann ; Betreuer: Christopher Balme." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1193423279/34.

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Stojakowits, Philipp [Verfasser], and Arne [Akademischer Betreuer] Friedmann. "Pollenanalytische Untersuchungen zur Rekonstruktion der Vegetationsgeschichte im südlichen Iller-Wertach-Jungmoränengebiet seit dem Spätglazial / Philipp Stojakowits. Betreuer: Arne Friedmann." Augsburg : Universität Augsburg, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1077705786/34.

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C?mara, Neto Calistrato Soares da. "Solu??es cosmol?gicas e locais para uma eletrodin?mica modificada." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2001. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/16626.

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
The present work investigates some consequences that arise from the use of a modifed lagrangean for the eletromagnetic feld in two diferent contexts: a spatially homogeneous and isotropic universe whose dynamics is driven by a magnetic feld plus a cosmological parameter A, and the problem of a static and charged point mass (charged black hole). In the cosmological case, three diferent general solutions were derived. The first, with a null cosmological parameter A, generalizes a particular solution obtained by Novello et al [gr-qc/9806076]. The second one admits a constant A and the third one allows A to be a time-dependent parameter that sustains a constant magnetic feld. The first two solutions are non-singular and exhibit in ationary periods. The third case studied shows an in ationary dynamics except for a short period of time. As for the problem of a charged point mass, the solutions of the Einstein-Maxwell equations are obtained and compared with the standard Reissner-Nordstrom solution. Contrary to what happens in the cosmological case, the physical singularity is not removed
No presente trabalho s?o investigadas algumas conseq??ncias da utiliza??o de uma nova lagrangeana para a eletrodin?mica em dois contextos: um universo espacialmente homog?neo e isotr?pico com campo magn?tico mais um par?metro cosmol?gico A e o problema da massa puntual caregada e est?tica (buraco negro carregado). No caso cosmol?gico, foram obtidas tr?s solu??es gerais: a primeira delas, para A=0, generaliza uma solu??o particular obrida por Novello et al [gr-qc/9806076]; a segunda admite um par?metro cosmol?gico constante e n?o-nulo e a terceira corresponde a um campo magn?tico constante sustentado por um A dependente do tempo. As duas primeiras solu??es s?o n?o-singulares e possuem per?odos inflacion?rios. A terceira solu??o apresenta uma din?mica inflacion?ria exceto por um curto intervalo de tempo. No contexto do problema da massa puntual carregada, a solu??o das equa??es de Einstein-Maxwell ? obtida e comparada com a solu??o padr?o de Reissner-Nordstr?m. Ao contr?rio do caso cosmol?gico, a singularidade f?isica n?o ? removida

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Paula, Rodrigo Machado de. "Novos limites para o parâmetro deTsallis em um espaço de fases não comutativo, gravidade entrópica e equações de Friedmann não extensivas." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2016. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/3051.

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Este trabalho foi inspirado pelo artigo [1] “New bounds for Tsallis parameter in a noncommutativephase-spaceentropicgravityandnonextensiveFriedmannequations”. Inicialmente, é apresentada uma nova teoria que deriva a lei de gravitação de Newton, segunda lei e Relatividade Geral do ponto de vista termodinâmico. Além disso, é apresentada a teoria estatística não-extensiva de Tsallis onde sua principal característica é a inserção do parâmetro q que mede o grau de não-extensividade. Novos limites para este parâmetro são calculados, em um espaço de fases não-comutativo. As equações de Friedmann são derivadas a partir do princípio holográﬁco e uma generalização não-extensiva para estas equações também é apresentada. Ao ﬁnal, é feita uma análise dos parâmetros cosmológicos incorporando-se propriedades não-extensivas.
This work was inspired by the article [1] “New bounds for Tsallis parameter in a noncommutative phase-space entropic gravity and nonextensive Friedmann equations”. First of all, it is presented a new theory that obtains Newton’s law for gravity, second law and General Relativity from termodynamics. Moreover, it is also presented the Tsallis’s nonextensive statistical theory where the principal feature is the insertion of q parameter which quantiﬁes the degree of nonextensivity. New bounds are obtained for this parameter, in a noncommutative phase-space. The Friedmann equations are developed from holographic principles and a nonextensive generalization for this equations are also presented. Finally, it is made an analyses from cosmological parameters proposing nonextensivity properties.

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Cuzinatto, Rodrigo Rocha [UNESP]. "Modelos de universo e equação de estado na cosmologia." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/91864.

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Neste trabalho fazemos uma revisão do modelo cosmológico padrão, o modelo de Friedmann, e estudamos o modelo de universo de de Sitter, que é o paradigma de uma expansão acelerada para o fator de escala cósmico - fato que caracteriza a Inflação e parece ocorrer hoje, segundo indicam observações recentes. Tendo em vista essas mesmas observações, que atribuem uma importância cabal à constante cosmológica como fonte da gravitação em escala cósmica, extendemos o modelo de Friedmann para incluir o termo A. A necessidade de entender o significado físico da constante cosmológica leva-nos a discutir o papel da pressão na cosmologia em contraponto com a pressão na mecânica estatística. Mostramos, ao final, um mecanismo para a geração de pressão negativa, o que pode ser equivalente à presença da constante cosmológica. Tal mecanismo é baseado na introdução de uma interação do tipo nuclear entre os constituintes do fluido que se supõe como conteúdo do cosmo. O tratamento que culmina na obtenção de uma equação p(T) envolve a teoria das expansões em cluster e a do equilíbrio químico sob a hipótese de simetria entre matéria e antimatéria.
Abstracts: We make review of the standard model of physical cosmology, the Friedmann model, and study the de Sitter's universe, which is the paradigm of an accelerated expansion of the cosmic scale fator - fact that characterizes the Inflation which seems to happen today, according to recent observations. Keeping in mind these observations, which give a major importance to the cosmological constant as the source of gravitation, we perform an extendion of the Friedmann model to include the A-term. The will to understand the physical meaning of the cosmological constant leads us to discuss the role of pressure in cosmology in counterpoint to that of pressure in statistical mechanics. One shows, finally, a mechanism to the generation of negative pressure, which can be equivalent to the presence of A. This mechanism is based on the introduction of nuclear interactions among the constituents of the fluid which is supposed to fill the universe. The treatment by which we obtain an equation p(T) involves the theory of cluster expansions and the theory of chemical equilibrium under the hypothesis of symmetry between matter and antimatter.

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Müller, Susanne [Verfasser], H. [Gutachter] Alexander, W. [Gutachter] Friedmann, and W. [Gutachter] Lichtenegger. "Molekulargenetische, endokrinologische und klinische Untersuchungen bei Patientinnen mit polyzystischem Ovar Syndrom und ovariellem Überstimulationssyndrom / Susanne Müller ; Gutachter: H. Alexander, W. Friedmann, W. Lichtenegger." Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2003. http://d-nb.info/1207662518/34.

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Olkhovskiy, Vladislav [Verfasser], and Elfriede [Akademischer Betreuer] Friedmann. "Modeling and Simulation of the Aqueous Humor Flow for Healthy, Glaucomatous and Treated Eyes with Stokes and Darcy Equations / Vladislav Olkhovskiy ; Betreuer: Elfriede Friedmann." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1206940492/34.

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Friedmann, Melanie [Verfasser], Helmut B. [Akademischer Betreuer] Hahn, Stefan [Gutachter] Burdach, and Helmut B. [Gutachter] Hahn. "Wertigkeit der sonographischen Messung des Optikusnervenscheidendurchmessers an einem pädiatrischen Patientenkollektiv mit Hirndrucksymptomatik / Melanie Friedmann ; Gutachter: Stefan Burdach, Helmut B. Hahn ; Betreuer: Helmut B. Hahn." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1176106945/34.

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Dimitrov, Valentin S. [Verfasser], and Ralph [Akademischer Betreuer] Friedmann. "Zur Prognose des Value-at-Risk und Expected Shortfall mit zeitdiskreten Stochastic-Volatility-Modellen : empirische Ergebnisse für Finanzmarktzeitreihen / Valentin S. Dimitrov. Betreuer: Ralph Friedmann." Saarbrücken : Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1075492629/34.

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Isaksson, Mikael. "Aspects of spatially homogeneous and isotropic cosmology." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för teknik- och naturvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-7314.

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In this thesis, after a general introduction, we first review some differential geometry to provide the mathematical background needed to derive the key equations in cosmology. Then we consider the Robertson-Walker geometry and its relationship to cosmography, i.e., how one makes measurements in cosmology. We finally connect the Robertson-Walker geometry to Einstein's field equation to obtain so-called cosmological Friedmann-Lemaître models. These models are subsequently studied by means of potential diagrams.

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38

Korch, Oliver [Verfasser], and Arne [Akademischer Betreuer] Friedmann. "Untersuchungen zu Flora und Vegetation des Zugspitzplatts (Wettersteingebirge, Bayerische Alpen): Rezente Vegetationsdynamik unter besonderer Berücksichtigung klimatischer und anthropo-zoogener Prozesse / Oliver Korch. Betreuer: Arne Friedmann." Augsburg : Universität Augsburg, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1077703716/34.

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Friedmann, Ludwig Maximilian [Verfasser], Manfred [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Hajek, and Christian [Gutachter] Breitsamter. "Echtzeit-Simulation des Rotorabwinds von Hubschraubern und Kipprotor-Flugzeugen mit der Lattice-Boltzmann Methode / Ludwig Maximilian Friedmann ; Gutachter: Manfred Hajek, Christian Breitsamter ; Betreuer: Manfred Hajek." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1130323153/34.

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Tartuce, Gisela Lobo Baptista Pereira. "O que há de novo no debate da 'qualificação do trabalho'?: reflexões sobre o conceito com base nas obras de Georges Friedmann e Pierre Naville." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8132/tde-02062003-170242/.

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Cette dissertation vise comprendre le concept « qualification du travail » ayant pour base l'oeuvre de deux sociologues français: Georges Friedmann et Pierre Naville. Ce sont eux qui premièrement analysèrent cette question dans le XXe siècle. Si la qualification du travail est étudiée depuis la décennie de 40, quand prédominait "l'organisation tayloriste/fordiste" du travail, elle acquit un nouveau contour et place préponderante à partir des années 80, en raison des transformations technologiques, économiques, politiques et culturelles qui atteignirent le monde du travail. Le passage dun "modèle de production rigide" pour un nouveau "paradigme de production", centré sur la "spécialisation flexible", demande aux travailleurs non seulement des connaissances objectives, formelles et explicites, mais aussi des larges habilités cognitives et de comportement, telles que: l'iniciative, la créativité, la coopération, l'esprit de leader etc, pour faire face aux imprévus de la production. En somme, les changements référés seraient en train de mettre en échec le travailleur spécialisé, en exigeant un travailleur polyvalent À partir de cela, un débat s'ouvrit dans la sociologie: ces innovations seraient synonime d'un travail caracterisé non plus par la dichotomie conception/exécution, mais pour une division moins accentuèe, dans laquelle prévalerait une nouvelle qualification des individus? Si la qualification gagne de l'évidence, d'autre part elle est simultanément mise en question par la notion de compétence(s), qu'on peut supposer, contiendraient ces caractéristiques subjectives, aujourdhui valorisèes et exigèes par les entreprises. Dans ce sens, c'est important questionner sur la pertinence de la continuité de l'usage social et scientifique du propre concept de la qualification: est-ce que le passage d'un paradigme productif à un autre demande, nécessairement, la transformation des propres mots? Si c'est ainsi, la qualification peut être substituée, sans plus, par la compétence? Malgré les nouvelles contenues dans les transformations décrites, quelques questions aujourdhui mises en relief dans le débat sur la qualification étaient déjà présentes dans la reflexion de Friedmann et Naville, auteurs qui pas seulement fondèrent la sociologie du travail en France, comme furent aussi les précurseurs respectivement des visions appelèes "substantialistes" et 'relativistes" de la qualification. De cette manière, cette recherche vise analyser le phénomène de la qualification du travail sous le point de vue théorique, pour savoir si, et dans quelle mesure, les reflexions d'un ou des deux auteurs peuvent contribuer pour penser ce concept actuellement.
Esta dissertação visa compreender o conceito de "qualificação do trabalho" tendo por base a obra de dois sociólogos franceses, Georges Friedmann e Pierre Naville, sociólogos que primeiro analisaram essa questão no século XX. Se a qualificação tem sido estudada desde a década 40, quando predominava a "organização taylorista/fordista" do trabalho, ela adquiriu novo contorno e destaque a partir dos anos 80, em virtude das transformações tecnológicas, econômicas, políticas e culturais que atingiram o mundo do trabalho. A passagem de um "modelo de produção rígida" para um "novo paradigma de produção", assentado na 'especialização flexível", tem demandado dos trabalhadores não apenas conhecimentos objetivos, formais e explícitos, mas também amplas habilidades cognitivas e comportamentais, tais como iniciativa, criatividade, cooperação, liderança, etc., para enfrentar os imprevistos da produção. Em uma palavra, as referidas mudanças estariam colocando em xeque o trabalhador especializado e exigindo um trabalhador polivalente. A partir daí, abriu-se um debate na sociologia: essas inovações seriam sinônimo de um trabalho caracterizado não mais pela dicotomia "concepção X execução", mas sim por uma divisão menos acentuada, na qual prevaleceria uma maior/nova qualificação dos indivíduos? Se, porém, a qualificação tem ganho destaque, ela tem sido simultaneamente questionada pela noção de competência(s), que supostamente daria conta dessas características subjetivas hoje valorizadas e requeridas pelas empresas. Nesse sentido, torna-se relevante perguntar qual a pertinência da continuidade do uso social e científico do próprio conceito de qualificação: a passagem de um paradigma produtivo a outro requer, necessariamente, a transformação das próprias palavras? Se assim o for, a qualificação pode ser substituída, sem mais, pela competência? Apesar das novidades contidas nas transformações descritas, várias das questões hoje enfatizadas no debate da qualificação já estavam presentes na reflexão de Friedmann e Naville, autores que não apenas fundaram a sociologia do trabalho na França, como também foram os precursores, respectivamente, das chamadas visões "substancialista" e "relativista" da qualificação. Dessa maneira, esta pesquisa busca analisar o fenômeno da qualificação do trabalho do ponto de vista teórico, a fim de saber se e em que medida as reflexões de um ou de ambos os autores podem contribuir para se pensar o conceito atualmente.

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Fransson, Kajsa. "General Relativity and Dynamical Universes." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teoretisk fysik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-448902.

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The aim of this report is to explore different models of cosmology, depending on components as matter, radiation and dark energy. To be able to investigate the behaviour and age of these model universes, it is necessary to solve the Friedmann equation. Therefore a substantial part of this thesis is a study of general relativity, including mathematical tools as Riemannian geometry and the concept of curved space-time.
Denna rapport ämnar att utforska olika kosmologiska modeller beroende på innehåll som materia, strålning och mörk energi. För att undersöka beteendet och åldern av dessa modellerade universa så är det nödvändigt att lösa Friedmann-ekvationen. Därför ägnas en betydande del av detta arbete åt att studera allmän relativitetsteori, med matematiska verktyg som Riemanngeometri och konceptet krökt rum-tid.

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Ulrich, Gert [Verfasser], and Birgit [Akademischer Betreuer] Friedmann-Bette. "Totale Hämoglobinmenge und Blutbildparameter bei jugendlichen Leistungssportlern/innen unter Berücksichtigung aktueller Überlegungen zum Nachweis von Blutmanipulationen bei Anti-Doping-Kontrollen / Gert Ulrich ; Betreuer: Birgit Friedmann-Bette." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1179228774/34.

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Reljic, Dejan [Verfasser], and Birgit [Akademischer Betreuer] Friedmann-Bette. "Effekte einer schnellen Gewichtsreduktion zum Start in niedriger Gewichtsklasse auf den Flüssigkeits-, Elektrolyt- und Vitaminhaushalt bei Boxern der deutschen Spitzenklasse / Dejan Reljic ; Betreuer: Birgit Friedmann-Bette." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1179925076/34.

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Strobl, Katharina [Verfasser], Johannes [Akademischer Betreuer] Kollmann, Johannes [Gutachter] Kollmann, Joachim [Gutachter] Schrautzer, and Arne [Gutachter] Friedmann. "Evaluating restoration success of rewetted peatlands: Recovery potential, temporal dynamics and comparison of monitoring approaches / Katharina Strobl ; Gutachter: Johannes Kollmann, Joachim Schrautzer, Arne Friedmann ; Betreuer: Johannes Kollmann." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1194163025/34.

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45

Weigmann-Faßbender, Sandra [Verfasser], and Birgit [Akademischer Betreuer] Friedmann-Bette. "Körperliche Aktivität, Leistungsfähigkeit und gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität bei nierentransplantierten Kindern und Jugendlichen: Positive Effekte durch Einsatz videobasierter Aktivitätsprogramme im häuslichen Umfeld? / Sandra Weigmann-Faßbender ; Betreuer: Birgit Friedmann-Bette." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1239116209/34.

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46

Strobl, Katharina Verfasser], Johannes [Akademischer Betreuer] [Kollmann, Johannes [Gutachter] Kollmann, Joachim [Gutachter] Schrautzer, and Arne [Gutachter] Friedmann. "Evaluating restoration success of rewetted peatlands: Recovery potential, temporal dynamics and comparison of monitoring approaches / Katharina Strobl ; Gutachter: Johannes Kollmann, Joachim Schrautzer, Arne Friedmann ; Betreuer: Johannes Kollmann." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2019. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:91-diss-20190719-1484578-1-4.

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VILAR, NETA Deusalete Câmara. "Defeitos e Modelos de Quintessência." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2016. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/2135.

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Capes
Modelos cosmológicos envolvendo campos escalares permitem a descrição de uma fase de expansão cósmica acelerada e, portanto, se apresentam como uma alternativa promissora no estudo da inação cósmica e da energia escura. O elemento chave dessa aceleração é a energia escura ou quintessência. Nosso interesse está em analisar soluções cosmológicas baseadas no formalismo de primeira ordem, aqui em particular, o caso para o espaço-tempo plano, por meio do acoplamento de campos escalares, de uma forma não trivial usando o método de extensão. Os resultados obtidos nos permitem calcular parâmetros cosmológicos analíticos, que ilustramos ao longo do texto através de exemplos resolvidos com situações-modelo de possível interesse. Ainda, discutiremos as ferramentas utilizadas em teoria de campos escalares na descrição de defeitos, tomando com o ponto de partida modelos comum campo escalar, e revisando aspectos básicos de teorias que envolvem três campos escalares. Além disso, utilizando o método BPS (Bogomol'nyi, Prasa de Somerfi eld), mostraremos que as soluções das equações de Eüler-Lagrange podem ser satisfeitas através de soluções de equações de primeira ordem. Após todas essas análises, iremos relacionar a teoria de campo escalar com a equação de campo de Einstein. Através dos procedimentos mencionados, esperamos compreender o processo de expansão do Universo acelerado, utilizando as soluções das equações de Friedmann.
Cosmological models involving scalar eld sallow the description of an accelerated cosmic expansion phase, and thus, they appear as apromising alternative in the study of cosmic in action and dark energy. The key element of this acceleration is the dark energy or quintessence. Our interest is to analyze cosmological solutions based on the fi rst-order formalism. In particular, we investigate the case for at space-time, by coupling scalar fi elds in a nontrivial manner using the extension method. The results obtained allowed us to calculate cosmological analytical parameters which are illustrated along the text. Moreover, we will discuss the tools used in scalar eld theory in the defect description, we took as a starting point models with a scalar eld, and by reviewing the basics of theories that involve three scalar elds. Further more, by using the BPS method (Bogomol'nyi, PrasadandSomer eld), we showed that the solutions of the Euler-Lagrange equations can be derived from the fi rst-order diferential equations. After all these analyzes, we will connect the fi eld theory tools with the Einstein eld equation. We hope to understand the expansion process of the accelerated universe through the previous procedures and by using the solutions of the Friedmann equations.

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Schuster, Christina [Verfasser], Annette [Akademischer Betreuer] Menzel, Anton [Akademischer Betreuer] Fischer, and Arne [Akademischer Betreuer] Friedmann. "Studies on Phenology and Intra-annual Tree Ring Growth along Altitudinal Gradients in the Werdenfelser Region / Christina Schuster. Gutachter: Annette Menzel ; Anton Fischer ; Arne Friedmann. Betreuer: Annette Menzel." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1064075665/34.

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Johansson, Sanna, and Amalia Sjindjapkin. "The Socially Empowering Impact of Entrepreneurship: A Study on Urban Ugandan Women." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-39821.

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Gender equality and women empowerment are two of the most up-to-date concerns on the international arena today. Several methods are being adopted with the aim to allow women’s equal social, economic and political participation. Entrepreneurship has been highlighted as a useful tool to foster women’s empowerment and hence the promotion of entrepreneurship has become a prominent approach in modern development efforts. In Uganda, women constitute the majority of the informal labour force and are widely engaged in micro-business activities. Thus, this ethnographically inspired research aimed to assess if entrepreneurship can contribute to increased social power among female entrepreneurs in urban and suburban Kampala, Uganda. To do this, John Friedmann’s (Dis)empowerment model has been used as the main frame of interpretation. To fit into the context of women, it has been complemented with a gender analysis in order to identify the structural inequalities that may constrain the empowering impact of entrepreneurship. This research was carried out as a field study in Kampala City and in three Kampala suburbs: Kyaliwajjala, Kireka and Kinawataka. It was financed by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA) and was conducted during nine weeks in September-November 2014. In total, 45 interviews were carried out with local business women as well as with local representatives and stakeholders in women entrepreneurship and women empowerment. The conclusions drawn from this study is that entrepreneurship has contributed to increased social power among the women participating in this research, but that traditional gender norms and structures can constrain the empowering process. Greater economic responsibilities have not eased women’s obligations in the domestic sphere and thus created a double burden.

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Morys, Beata Magdalena [Verfasser], Peter [Gutachter] Schmidt-Rhode, Werner [Gutachter] Lichtenegger, and Wolfgang [Gutachter] Friedmann. "Klinische Ergebnisse von Patientinnen mit primärem und sekundärem epithelialem Ovarialkarzinom im Krankenhaus im Friedrichshain von 1992 bis 1998 / Beata Magdalena Morys ; Gutachter: Peter Schmidt-Rhode, Werner Lichtenegger, Wolfgang Friedmann." Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2005. http://d-nb.info/1207633569/34.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Friedmann'

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