Academic literature on the topic '"Friendship of Nations" (1988)'
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Journal articles on the topic ""Friendship of Nations" (1988)"
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Pełczyński, Grzegorz. "Grisza Aszwajanc i inni Ormianie w trylogii ukraińskiej Józefa Łobodowskiego." Lehahayer 8 (December 19, 2021): 191–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/lh.08.2021.08.07.
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Grisha Ashvayants and other Armenians in the Ukrainian trilogy of Józef Łobodowski The article analyses the image of Armenians and their fate in the novel cycle of the Polish emigratory writer Józef Łobodowski (1909-1988). This cycle, called the Ukrainian trilogy (Komysze, 1955; W stanicy, 1958; Droga powrotna, 1960), is based on experiences of the author, who spent his youth in Kuban during World War One and the period shortly after the Bolshevik revolution. In this trilogy, Armenians do not constitute only the oriental decoration. Writing about these people, Łobodowski realised more serious intention. He seems to indicate that friendship between the novel hero Staś Majewski and the Armenian boy Grisha Ashvayants means not only incredible adventures but primarily the effective alliance of the weak against threatening powers. This alliance is not only individual but also uniting even the whole nations.
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van Aert, Peter. "The Beagle conflict." Island Studies Journal 11, no. 1 (2016): 307–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24043/isj.350.
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In 1984, Argentina and Chile signed the so-called Treaty of Peace and Friendship, which ended a decades-long dispute over the sovereignty of the southernmost islands and waters of Latin-America. This agreement, which resulted through papal mediation, achieved what earlier intents did not: a definite stop to military and diplomatic threats and a clear definition of the course of the border that divides both national territories. This essay reconstructs the genesis of the Treaty and explores its impacts today. Finally, it explores why the 1984 Treaty still determines border politics in the southern region of both nations in spite of a changed political scenario.
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Lityński, Adam. "GEORGIAN ATTEMPTS TO BECOME INDEPENDENT. 100TH ANNIVERSARY OF DECLARATION OF DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF GEORGIA (1918)." Roczniki Administracji i Prawa 1, no. XVIII (2018): 109–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.5989.
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After February Revolution of 1917 in Russia, the nations of the previous Russian Imperium began their efforts to get their independency, among them were three nations of Transcaucasia: Armenians (Armenia), Azeris (Azerbaijan), Georgians (Georgia). After the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk of 3rd March 1918, Bolshevik Russia in reality handed over the territory of Transcaucasia to Germans and Turks. Especially Turkey became aggressive and expansive. Armenia together with Azerbaijan and then together with Georgia set up Trans-caucasian Federal Democratic Republic which collapsed soon. There were significant discrepancies among the nations. Azerbaijan wanted to get union with Turkey, but Georgia preferred Germany and Armenia counted on “white” Russia (ge¬neral Denikin). Each of these three countries set up own independent republics, among other Democratic Republic of Georgia. Soon Germany and Turkey lost the First World War, but north Caucasus was attacked by troops of General Denikin supported by England and France. Later on, in 1920, Bolsheviks entered this territory. The Red Army of Bolsheviks conquered each of the independent republics one by one, set up own governments and in¬corporated the territories into Russian Socialistic Federal Soviet Republic [RSFSR]. On 16 March 1921, RSFSR signed friendship agreement with Turkey. As a result of this agreement, Russia and Turkey divided the territory of Transcaucasian between them.
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Sandhu, Harjeet singh. "ANALYSIS OF TRADE RELATIONS BETWEEN INDIA AND BHUTAN DURING SAFTA PERIOD." Journal of Global Economy 13, no. 1 (2017): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v13i1.449.
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The multilateral trade among countries is governed by the rules of the game set out by international institutions such as GATT (1948-95) and WTO (since 1995), but the bilateral trade between countries is practically governed by their political relations and strategic interests. This is equally true about the trade relations between India and Bhutan. Since independence, trade relations between India and Bhutan are governed by Indo-Bhutan friendship treaty 1949. Since the signing of this treaty, Indo-Bhutan bilateral relations are operating under the free trade regime till now. It is important to know how these relations are affected by the changing political and economic environment in this era of globalization. Foreign trade is most important indicator that reveals the health of political as well as economic relations among the nations. Rising volume of trade, trade intensity and complementary indices among nations are signs of healthy political and economic relations. In this paper, analysis of trade relations between India and Bhutan has been done by using statistical techniques of trade openness, trade intensity and export complementarity in order to understand the bilateral ties between two nations in a broader way.
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Güçlü, Yücel. "Turco-British Rapprochement on the Eve of the Second World War." Belleten 65, no. 242 (2001): 257–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2001.257.
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The Italian invasion of Ethiopia in 1935 marked the beginning of a definite closeness in Turco-British relations, which were to undergo a long process of development. During the Ethiopian crisis, Turkey followed Britain in defence of the League of Nations Covenant. Firm co-operation between Turkey and Britain during the Montreux Straits Conference of 1936 further accelerated the pace of rapprochement. With King Edward VIII's visit to Turkey, just after the Montreux settlement, the mutual friendship took a step forward. At the Nyon Conference of 1937, Turkey supported Britain in its defence of international shipping against attacks by pirate submarines in the Mediterranean. Nyon drew the Turks and British closer together. In 1938 Britain granted a credit of sixteen million pounds to Turkey which strengthened the growing friendship between Ankara and London and aimed at reducing the necessity of Turkish economy depending on Germany. Germany's occupation of Czechoslovakia and Italy's annexation of Albania in the spring of 1939 soon led Turkey and Britain to sign a mutual assistance agreement. This accord combined Turkish and British energies for the protection of peace and paved the way for the conclusion of the Turco-Anglo-French Triple Alliance Treaty in the autumn of the same year.
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David Olaleye, Olugbile. "Sports as an Instrument of Foreign Policy Under the Military Rule in Nigeria: 1976-1996." African Journal of Law, Political Research and Administration 6, no. 2 (2023): 125–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ajlpra-ows2lxu8.
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The importance and popularity of sports among the nations of the world is huge. Sports are among the few common denominators for all the nations of the world irrespective of their respective political ideologies and religious inclinations. Through sports, enemies in political and ideological realms can compete between and among each other in an atmosphere of peace. Over the years, world leaders have used sports as an instrument of foreign policy. They do that in both positive and negative ways. Sports are deployed positively when they are used to boost friendship or to support a noble cause and they are used negatively when they are deployed as an instrument of sanctions. This paper shows how sports were used as an instrument of foreign policy in Nigeria by three military regimes of Olusegun Obasanjo, Ibrahim Babangida and Sanni Abacha. Olusegun Obasanjo's regime pulled out Nigeria's Olympic contingents from participating in the 1976 Olympic Games in Montreal, Canada. Ten years later, the regime of Ibrahim Babangida led other Anglophone countries to boycott the 1986 Commonwealth Games in Edinburgh, Scotland; and in 1996 General Sanni Abacha stopped the Super Eagles from defending the title they won in the previous edition of the African Cup of Nations. Details of these boycotts and their political implications are discussed in this paper.
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Amatyakul, Poonpit. "Century of the Angklung Journey and Its Establishment in Thailand." International Journal of Creative and Arts Studies 6, no. 1 (2019): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.24821/ijcas.v6i1.3275.
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Both Thai and Javanese have been with lifelong cultural friendship for over 250 years. Thai people enjoyed the Panji storytelling since the late 1700’s andhave been using Panji as written Thai poetic literature and for court theatre over2 centuries. We shared the same brass knobbed gong culture with its pentatonic(Slendro) and septatonic (Pelog) equidistance scales. The angklung, bambooshaking instrument, were brought as a gift to royal children by HM King Rama the V to Siam since 1871 but the ensemble were not set up until our great court musician named Jangwang Sorn Silapa-banleng, took the instruments from Sunda West Java to Bangkok in 1908, later, he established the very first ThaiAngklung Ensemble played several songs he composed in pentatonic scalesame way he heard in the Javanese Islands. Since then, the bamboo angklungwere made with the Thai native bamboo followed by the nationwide uses. Thispaper describes the Angklung Journey from West Java to Thailand showing thehistoric photographs of Thai Angklung music teachers, their houses ofAngklungs and the music they composed. Today, Thai Angklung were used forchildren classroom music. DVD and Musical Disc of Thai Angklung will bedemonstrated, bringing both music knowledge and enjoyment to show thecross cultural examples of the two nations.
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Zlat, Milovanovic. "Refugees at Real Borders: Legal and Policy Issues." AICEI Proceedings 11, no. 1 (2016): 17–30. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4553606.
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The influx of refugees to Europe brought 1.1 million people in 2015, and could easily be doubled in 2016, unless certain measures are taken rapidly. Despite the fact that 86% of all world refugees remain in the developing countries, the EU is in crisis. Our object here is to look into the International law applicable to refugees, as well as into EU law and policy, and to suggest measures for getting the world out of the crisis. The basic assumption is that the legal norms on refugees, their international protection, asylum and overcoming statelessness, are the essential and necessary elements of International law and that both regional and national norms should be aligned with the international ones. There are three parts to this study. First is an overview of the applicable International law of refugees, primarily based on human rights and humanitarian intervention. Second, European Union law and policies, completed as they are by the 28 national legal systems of member-states. Third, a review of the problems encountered so far in this area and proposals about what is to be done to overcome the crisis and restore normality. The latter include ceasefires and peace in Syria and Iraq, the acceptance of much-needed reforms, diplomacy at work by peaceful means – all in the interest of the international community and the people of the world. International law requires serious re-examination and codification, a task which has already been started but not as yet completed. Other measures are needed beyond International law proper, such as balancing the interests of individual nations with their international obligations, open borders, free trade and friendship among the world nations. Beyond Syria, Iraq, Afghanistan, and Eritrea, global peace is at stake. World peace is interconnected and interdependent with respect of human rights, they are the two pillars of the world order (Universal Declaration, 1948).
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Kovalkov, Oleksandr L. "The Afghan question in the work of SC & GA of UNO in January, 1980." Universum Historiae et Archeologiae 1, no. 1-2 (2019): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2611810.
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In December, 1979 sub-units of the Soviet Army invaded the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, eliminated Hafizullah Amin from power, established the government of Babrak Karmal and occupied the country. These events caused the condemnation of the international community, that were reflected by the statement on the Afghan question in the agenda of the Security Council and the UN General Assembly in January, 1980. The minute-books of SC of the UNO, as well as the UN General Assembly resolutions are the main sources of research of this problem. The discussion of the Afghan question in the UN Security Council lasted from 5 to 7 January, 1980, involving 42 countries. The USSR Representative to the United Nations O. Troyanovskyi and Foreign Minister of DRA Sh. M. Dost tried to persuade all those present that Soviet troops had been brought to Afghanistan at the invitation of a legitimate Afghan government to repulse allegedly externally-aggressive aggression. Herewith they referred to Article 51 of the UN Charter and Article 4 of the Treaty of Friendship, Neighborhood and Cooperation between the USSR and the DPA. Most of the delegations (primarily the US delegation, Pakistan, the Chinese People’s Republic, Great Britain) rejected the arguments of the Soviet and Afghan sides and condemned Soviet aggression and called for the withdrawal of troops from the territory of Afghanistan immediately. The Soviet Union and the DRA were supported only by a few delegations of Soviet satellites (Poland, the GDR, Hungary, the Mongolian People’s Republic, Laos and Vietnam). But during the vote on the anti-Soviet resolution on January 7, 1980, the USSR expected vetoed it. After that, the consideration of the «Afghan question» was postponed to the General Assembly, where 108 countries condemned the Soviet aggression on January, 14 (18 countries abstained, the same number supported the USSR). The discussion of the «Afghan question» at the United Nations Organization in January, 1980 assured that the Soviet Union had suffered a loud defeat in the international arena, its authority was severely undermined. This was also confirmed by the end of the policy of "discharging" and the subsequent eruption of the Cold War in international relations. In addition, the consideration of the Afghan question at the UNO has shown the lack of a mechanism for influencing an aggressor country that has a veto power in the UN Security Council. The USSR was expected to veto the Security Council resolution, and the decisions of the General Assembly were recommendatory. This is particularly relevant in terms of the current UN crisis in deterring the aggressive actions of the Russian Federation, the DPRK, Syria and others like that.
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Jankowiak, William. "China's great transformation: from duty to personal rejuvenation and well-being." Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy in China 4, no. 1 (2021): 84–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.33212/ppc.v4n1.2021.84.
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If the freedom to choose is important for personal well-being, what happens when there are drastic restrictions on personal choice? China represents an opportune case to explore this question. Its fifty-plus years of experimenting with a redistributive command economy, combined with periodic bursts of political fever, made extreme egalitarianism more important than other Chinese values recognising individual merit, vision, and achievement. Throughout much of Chinese history, these values were widely shared; but in the current era, an alternative cultural model was stressed: social responsibility for the community and nation. Individuals were ideally expected to de-emphasise their individuality in favour of "the common good". In China, the juxtaposition of the two competing value systems—extreme egalitarianism versus individual choice, responsibility, and personal achievement—engendered confusion, anger, angst, and unhappiness. In China, from 1949 to 1976, this accounts, in part, for much of the suffering people experienced in living their lives. In this article I examine the Chinese cultural model for life satisfaction or wellbeing in two different eras: work unit (danwei), socialism (1981–1983), and market reform (1987–2000). My sample was found in Hohhot, the provincial capital of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in northern China, where I lived from 1981 to 1983; six months in 1987; five months in 2000 (a total of 35 months). I will also examine the ways Chinese sought well-being in four different domains: friendship, family, occupation, and fun activities. By analysing how Chinese conceptualised their lives over time, I will identify the conceptual frameworks individuals used to assess their relative well-being.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic ""Friendship of Nations" (1988)"
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Ulrich-Pier, Raphaële. "René Massigli (1888-1988) : une vie de diplomate." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010538.
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René Massigli a eu une riche carrière dans la diplomatie française (1916-56). Entre les deux guerres, il assiste à de nombreuses conférences internationales et se spécialise dans les questions de la Société des Nations. Dans les années 1930, au ministère des Affaires étrangères, il incarne l'opposition à l'apaisement face aux dictatures. Éloigné après les accords de Munich, ambassadeur en Turquie en 1939-40, mis en disponibilité par Vichy, il rejoint la France Libre début 1943, comme commissaire aux Affaires étrangères de De Gaulle. Ambassadeur à Londres (1944-54), il prend position dans les débats sur la guerre froide et la construction européenne: pour une forte relation franco-britannique et contre l'Europe fédérale à six. Il termine sa carrière comme secrétaire général du Quai d'Orsay. À travers sa biographie, on cherche à mesurer le rôle que peut jouer un haut fonctionnaire de caractère dans le système diplomatique et dans les grands débats de la politique extérieure française.
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Maia, Tatiana Vargas. "A intervenção da organização das Nações Unidas em Angola (1988-1999)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/6986.
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A presente pesquisa buscou analisar a intervenção internacional realizada pela Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU) em Angola entre os anos de 1989 e 1999, enfocando a tentativa desta organização internacional em regular o conflito estabelecido neste país, através da pacificação de seu território e de sua reconciliação nacional. Seu principal objetivo foi o de descrever e avaliar a presença das Nações Unidas em Angola, identificando suas características principais e destacando suas realizações. Para tanto, partiu-se da caracterização das missões de paz da ONU, sua relação com o estabelecimento de projetos de regulação na arena mundial, e a atuação desta organização internacional na África, sobretudo nas unidades estatais fragilizadas existentes neste continente, intituladas, para os fins deste estudo, de quasi-Estados. Em seguida, buscou-se apresentar o caso do conflito angolano, destacando suas principais variáveis, bem como seu desenvolvimento até a chegada dos capacetes azuis em Angola. A seqüência da dissertação contempla as quatro etapas do projeto da ONU em Angola, considerando seu desenvolvimento e analisando suas conquistas e fracassos. A pesquisa foi baseada na análise de documentos publicados pelo principal órgão soberano da ONU, qual seja, o Conselho de Segurança, sobretudo suas resoluções e os relatórios elaborados pelo Secretário-Geral para este órgão. A premissa que conduziu a escolha destes documentos foi a de que tais registros expressam as principais posturas e decisões da ONU com relação ao projeto de regulação estabelecido em Angola, revelando decisivamente a atuação desta organização no tocante ao conflito angolano. Assim sendo, uma investigação pontual e minuciosa sobre tais documentos pode revelar características importantes sobre a postura e a conduta de tal organismo no cenário de Angola, bem como sua capacidade e intenções regulatórias para com o mesmo. Os resultados indicam o efetivo estabelecimento pela ONU de um projeto de regulação em Angola, sem que este, entretanto, tenha conseguido concretizar seus principais objetivos. A intervenção da ONU estabelece de fato uma regulação do conflito angolano, mas frusta sua resolução, abandonando, no fim de sua presença neste país, em 1999, os angolanos e sua própria sorte, em pleno momento de retomada da guerra civil.
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Chan, Nicholas. "The construction of the South : developing countries, coalition formation and the UN climate change negotiations, 1988-2012." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3478cbf5-e564-424f-a0f6-171a9e25e083.
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The North-South divide is one of the central political characteristics of the UN climate change negotiations. But while the Group of 77 coalition has been the main negotiating group for the South, developing countries have often faced challenges to their unity, magnified by the recent establishment of smaller negotiating groups. How has 'the South' hung together? This thesis investigates how developing countries have formed negotiating groups over the two decades of the UN climate negotiating process. It explains the origins of the different negotiating groups that have formed over this time, as well as the timing of their emergence and the scope of their membership. In particular, while scholarly attention has focused on the G77, Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS) and most recently the Brazil-South Africa- India-China (BASIC) coalition, this thesis corrects the relative neglect in understanding the many other negotiating groups that have formed. While conventional explanations highlights the shared material interests that underpin group formation, this thesis advances a constructivist argument that emphasises instead the importance of collective identities in shaping norms of 'appropriate association' – the social bases of whose one's friends and allies are. It highlights the regional basis for many of these negotiating groups that cut across shared material circumstances, and draws upon historical institutionalist insights on critical junctures and path dependence to place this larger pattern of Southern coalition formation in the appropriate historical and institutional context of the UN system. It demonstrates the continuing persistence of countries identifying as the 'South', where despite changing material circumstances and disagreements among developing countries, the salience of the G77 as the constitutive institution of this identity remains. Above all, in investigating the processes of coalition formation among developing countries in the climate context, this thesis deepens scholarly understanding about the contemporary meaning of the 'South'.
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Debié, Franck. "Une géopolitique de la paix : la gestion des crises par le Conseil de Sécurité (1988-1995)." Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA040002.
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Il est possible de proposer un modèle géopolitique de l'action du Conseil de Sécurité des Nations-Unies depuis la fin de la guerre froide (1988-1995). Il existe une géopolitique de la paix des états qui, indépendamment de tout intérêt stratégique, cherchent à répondre au désir de paix de leurs opinions publiques. Au sein du Conseil de Sécurité cette géopolitique de la paix influe sur la localisation des interventions et la gestion des crises et provoque une transformation du maintien de la paix par l’ONU<br>Geopolitics provides an interesting approach to Security Council behavior after the end of god war (1988-1995). A geopolitical debate on peace takes place within member states. Governments take into account that debate and try to answer public opinion demand for peace. At Security Council level, geopolitics of peace bears a strong influence on the location of interventions and the management of crisis and operations. It is responsible for changes in peacekeeping by the United Nations
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Khalouzadeh, Saeed. "Le rôle du Conseil de sécurité des Nations Unies lors des conflits irako-iranien (1980-1988) et irako-koweitien (1990-1991) : une analyse comparée." Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100134.
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La guerre Irak-Iran et Irak-Koweït déclenchée par Bagdad procède du désir de Saddam de faire de son pays le nouvel Etat fort du Golfe. L'Est et l'Ouest ne s'opposant plus, l'O. N. U. S'est libérée de l'enjeu des rivalités quand l'Irak décide, le 2 août 1990, d'envahir le Koweït. L'analyse des décisions du Conseil de sécurité, à l'égard des deux crises du golfe Persique est l'objet de cette thèse. Les questions comme la rupture de la paix et de la sécurité internationale, les fonctions et compétences du CS, les différends frontaliers Iran-Irak et Irak-Koweït, début et la fin de la guerre entre Iran-l'Irak et Irak-Koweït, cessez-le-feu, violation du droit international et des droits humains, responsabilité de la guerre, dégâts humains et matériels, emploi d'armes chimiques, sanctions des Nations Unies, positions des cinq membres du CS et du Secrétaire Général, des pays européens et arabes, fin de la guerre froide, nouvel ordre mondial et le leadership américain etc. Sont étudiés pendant les années 80 et 90<br>Iran-Iraq war and Iraq-Kuwait war were initiated by Iraq and base on Saddam's will, who tried to convent the Iraq to strongest power in Persian Gulf. On august 2°d 1990 while Iraq decided to invade Kuwait, there wasn't a concurrence between East and West and meanwhile, United Nations had been released from competition. Analysing of decisions made by Security Council regarding 2 Persian Gulf crisis are the main theme of this study. The subjects such as breach of the peace and international security, functions and jurisdiction of S. C. , Iran-Iraq & Iraq-Kuwait border conflicts, initiation and ending of Iran-Iraq & Iraq-Kuwait war, cease-fire, violation of international law and humanitarian law, responsibility to the conflict, loss and casualty, use of chemical weapons, UN sanctions, position of 5 permanent member of Security Council, Secretary General, European and Arab countries, end of cold war, the new international order and, US leadership etc. In the course of two decades of 80 and 90 have been reviewed
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El, Yattioui Mohamed Badine. "Les enjeux géostratégiques des programmes publics de Washington à destination de l'Amérique Latine, de George Bush père à George Bush fils (1988-2008)." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO30059.
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Les relations entre les Etats-Unis et l’Amérique latine entre 1988 et 2008 ont connu de nombreux bouleversements et chambardements. Les nombreuses raisons qui en sont les causes ont été abordées dans cette thèse. Après avoir étudié les enjeux théoriques de leurs relations nous nous sommes demandés si la politique étrangère était une politique publique comme les autres. Suite à une comparaison générale nous avons étudié les spécificités de l’aide publique au développement et le cas d’une théorie promue par George Bush Jr qui est la « diplomatie transformationnelle ». Dans un second temps, nous avons étudié les bouleversements diplomatiques apparus dans un certain nombre de pays de cette région du fait de l’arrivée de gouvernements de gauche. Les pages consacrées aux trois programmes élaborés par Washington dans les années 2000 (MCA, les deux plans Colombie et le Plan Merida) montrent leur originalité mais aussi leur application et leurs résultats mitigés tant du point de vue de l’efficacité, de l’efficience que de la consolidation des relations diplomatiques avec les pays de cette région. Enfin, nous avons décrit et analysé l’importance des enjeux énergétiques avec l’Amérique latine pour les Etats-Unis puis développé les raisons qui les poussent à vouloir constituer la ZLEA. Cela démontre l’imbrication des questions économiques, diplomatiques et sécuritaires pour les décideurs américains<br>The relations between the United States and Latin America between 1988 and 2008 had known a lot of upheavals. The different reasons which were at the origin of that were approached in this dissertation. After having studied the theorical stakes concerning their relations we asked ourself if foreign policy was a classic public policy. Then, we studied development aid’s specificities and a theory promoted by George W. Bush which is the « transformational diplomacy ». In a second part, we studied diplomatical upheavals appeared in some countries of the region, consequence of the election of left wing governments. Pages dedicated to the three programs worked out by Washington during the 2000’s (MCA, both Colombian plans and Merida Initiative) showed the originality but also their application and their reserved results so much from the point of view of the efficiency and the consolidation of the diplomatical relations with the countries of this region. At last, we described and analyzed the importance the energy challenges with Latin America for the United States and developed reasons which urge them to want to constitute the FTAA. This show The interweaving of the economic, diplomatic and security questions for the American decision-makers
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Sabrié, Marion. "Le fleuve Irrawaddy, facteur d'intégration de la Birmanie ?" Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0061.
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La Birmanie connaît des changements rapides depuis 1997, année de son adhésion à l'ASEAN. Ces mutations se sont accélérées depuis l'amorce du processus de démocratisation politique et de libéralisation économique, lancé par le gouvernement en 2010. Les dynamiques territoriales du pays subissent les conséquences de ces changements. Avec certitude depuis le XIXe siècle, le fleuve Irrawaddy est considéré à la fois comme l'artère traditionnelle du pays, comme l'axe de peuplement, de population et de concentration des activités économiques du pays et comme la voie principale de transport. Au-delà de cette perception toujours très actuelle du territoire par ses habitants, je définis la place contemporaine et concrète du fleuve. Je mesure l'évolution de son rôle en tant que facteur d'intégration du territoire national et d'intégration du pays dans l'ASEAN. Bien que le rôle de la vallée de l'Irrawaddy ait diminué face à la montée des dynamiques terrestres vers l'est - notamment dans le cadre de son intégration à l'ASEAN - et vers le littoral et au développement de la vallée du fleuve Sittang, certains pôles urbains et industriels de lrrawaddy participent activement au développement de la Birmanie et à son intégration transasiatique. Excepté à Rangoun et à Mandalay, cette participation reste majoritairement à l'état de projet. Malgré l'accélération de la régionalisation et de la mondialisation, c'est à l'échelle locale que les habitants, notamment urbains, se réapproprient les rives et que le fleuve connaît ainsi de nouvelles fonctions<br>Myanmar has gone through unprecedented changes since the year I997,when the country Jolned the Association of Southeast-Aslan Nations (ASEAN). Those changes have accelerated since the beginning of globalization processes and of economie liberalization, launched by the government in 2010. As a result, the territorial dynamics of the country are quickly evolving. Since the 19th Century, the Irrawaddy River has been considered both as the traditional artery of the country, the axis of settlement, the heart of population, of concentration of the economie activities of the country and as the main road. Beyond the perception of the territory by its inhabitants, I attempt to define the contemporary and meaningful role of the River. I will mesure the evolution of its role as an integration factor of the national territory and of the country in ASEAN. Although the role of the Irrawaddy Valley has decreased because of the rise of the terrestrial dynamics toward the East-especiallyas part of its integration into ASEAN -and towards the coastline and because of the development of the Valley of the Sittang River, some urban and industrial poles of the Irrawaddy actively take partin Burma development and in its regional integration. Except In Yangon and in Mandalay, this participation remains mostly in draft form. Despite the acceleration of the regionalization and of the globalization, the inhabitants, the urban ones in particular, reappropriate the river banks at a local scale. Thus, the River is attribuated new functions
Books on the topic ""Friendship of Nations" (1988)"
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Puchala, Donald James. The state of the United Nations, 1988. Academic Council on the United Nations System, 1988.
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1941-, Molot Maureen Appel, Tomlin Brian W. 1944-, and Norman Paterson School of International Affairs., eds. Canada among nations: The Tory Record/1988. J. Lorimer and Co., 1988.
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United Nations. Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean. CEPAL, bibliografía 1948-1988. Naciones Unidas, Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe, 1989.
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Cayuela, José. CEPAL, 40 años (1948-1988). Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe, Naciones Unidas, 1988.
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Cayuela, José. CEPAL, 40 años (1948-1988). Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe, Naciones Unidas, 1988.
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(Organization), Book Works, and Raster (Gallery), eds. Friendship of nations: Polish Shi'ite showbiz. Book Works, 2013.
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lil-Sukkān, Lajnah al-Qawmīyah al-Sūdānīyah, and National Population Conference (3rd : 1987 : Khartoum, Sudan), eds. [National Population Conference, 3rd, Friendship Hall, 10-14 October, 1987, Khartoum: Papers]. Sudan National Population Committee, Economic & Social Research Council, 1987.
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United Nations. Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean. ECLAC, 40 years: 1948-1988. United Nations, Economic Commission for Latin Amerca and the Caribbean, 1988.
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Amnesty International USA. USA Legal Support Network., United Nations General Assembly, and Amnesty International USA. Legal Support Network., eds. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948-1988. Amnesty International-USA Legal Support Network, 1988.
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World Organization of Jews from Arab Countries. and United Nations, eds. From the rostrum of the United Nations, 1987-1988. World Organization of Jews from Arab countries, 1989.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic ""Friendship of Nations" (1988)"
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Dembinski, Ludwik. "The United Nations System." In International Geneva Yearbook 1988. Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1939-1_12.
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Griffin, Roger. "Oswald Mosley, Towards A Fascist Europe." In Fascism. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192892492.003.0099.
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Abstract Views may vary as to the causes of the division of Europe and the restoration of the Balance of Power, but dispute can scarcely arise concerning the reemergence of a situation and a system which has invariably brought war. It is to the solution of this problem thus recreated that this article is addressed, and in searching for that solution we must return to the fundamental conception of European union which animated the war generation in 1918 and has been frustrated by the perversion of the League ofNations to exactly the opposite purpose that it was intended to serve. This examination, therefore, begins with an inquiry into the factors which divide the individual nations, and in particular into the factors which inhibit peaceful and friendly relations between Great Britain and other great nations. Having established the particular of possible friendship between Great Britain and other nations we will proceed to the general idea of European union built on the firm foundation of justice and economic reality.
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Fredman, Sandra, Meghan Campbell, and Helen Taylor. "Human rights and equality in education: Introduction." In Human Rights and Equality in Education. Policy Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447337638.003.0001.
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This introductory chapter provides an overview of the relationship between human rights and equality in education. Education has been recognised as a fundamental human right at least since 1948, when the Universal Declaration of Human Rights declared that everyone has the right to free and compulsory education. Importantly, the right extends beyond access to education; it also includes quality education. Indeed, education must be ‘directed to the full development of the human personality’ and ‘promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial or religious groups’. The right to education has also been recognised in the major international human rights instruments, and in the domestic law of numerous countries. This book then determines what role human rights can play in addressing some of the most challenging issues in the quest for quality education for all.
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Cervin, Georgia. "Diplomacy in Gymnastics and the Olympic Movement." In Degrees of Difficulty. University of Illinois Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252043772.003.0004.
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This chapter demonstrates how the Cold War provided for moments of collaboration in gymnastics, at all levels of participation. Eastern bloc gymnasts like Olga Korbut and Nadia Comăneci became celebrities around the world, launching tours that their governments used to promote their regimes. The gymnasts engaged in citizen diplomacy, using bodily discourses to share cultural traditions like ballet and circus. While on tour, they were also exposed to US values through cultural infiltration. They met with President Nixon to demonstrate the friendship between East and West, a symbol of goodwill that preceded official political talks. But by 1980, the significance of sport as a form of soft power led to the Olympic boycotts. Yet even these ultimately resulted in deeper collaboration, triggering the creation of the Goodwill Games and compelling the International Olympic Committee to work with the United Nations to facilitate sporting links between the United States and the Soviet Union.
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"The United Nations." In 1988–1989. De Gruyter, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783112420621-008.
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Roshchin, Evgeny. "Early modern friendship." In Friendship among nations. Manchester University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7765/9781526116451.00008.
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Roshchin, Evgeny. "Front matter." In Friendship among nations. Manchester University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7765/9781526116451.00001.
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Roshchin, Evgeny. "Dedication." In Friendship among nations. Manchester University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7765/9781526116451.00002.
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Roshchin, Evgeny. "Contents." In Friendship among nations. Manchester University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7765/9781526116451.00003.
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Roshchin, Evgeny. "Acknowledgements." In Friendship among nations. Manchester University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7765/9781526116451.00004.
Full textConference papers on the topic ""Friendship of Nations" (1988)"
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Brady, Eugene F. "Gas Turbine Systems for World Navy Ships." In ASME 1988 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/88-gt-166.
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The application of gas turbines for propulsion of navy ships for all nations continues to increase at an accelerating rate. World navies which use gas turbines include the United States, Great Britain, the Soviet Union and Japan. Therefore, a survey of the principal gas turbine applications in world navies was conducted. This survey revealed that more than 43 world navies now use gas turbines for ship propulsion. It also indicated that more than 2,700 gas turbines have been (or soon will be) installed in world navy ships. This represents a total worldwide navy application exceeding 38 million installed horsepower.
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Uspensky, A. V., and M. V. Arisov. "THE 120th BIRTH ANNIVERSARY OF ACADEMICIAN VLADIMIR S. ERSHOV (1904–1988)." In THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL. VNIIP – FSC VIEV, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-6050437-8-2.2024.25.23-28.
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Vladimir Stepanovich Ershov (1904–1988) is an outstanding parasitologist, closest associate and follower of Academician K. I. Skryabin, Doctor of Veterinary Sciences, Professor, Full Member of the All-Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and Laureate of the USSR State Prize. 2024 marks the 120th anniversary of his birth, July 26, 1904. The main direction of scientific activities of V. S. Ershov was the immunity study in helminth infections. His works "The immunity mechanism in helminth infections", "Helminth infections as allergic diseases" and others are devoted to this problem; in total, he published over 200 works, including textbooks, study guides and monographs many of which were translated into foreign languages. An important place in V. S. Ershov’s activities was occupied with the work on veterinary service organization, veterinary and zootechnical education. In 1945, he was appointed as Head of the Main Veterinary Directorate of State Farms of the Ministry of State Farms of the RSFSR, then Head of the Main Directorate of Zoo-Veterinary Universities of the Ministry of Higher Education. In 1954, Vladimir Stepanovich became the Director of the Moscow Fur Institute, and a year later, Vice-Rector of the Moscow Veterinary Academy. In 1957, V. S. Ershov was appointed Director of the VIGIS, which he headed for a quarter of the century. Due to the organizational skills of Vladimir Stepanovich, the VIGIS quickly grew from a small team into a large center of helminthological science. V. S. Ershov took part in International Veterinary Congresses, was elected an honorary member of several foreign societies of parasitology (Washington, East Germany, Bulgaria, etc.), and an honorary member of the World Association for Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology, a member of the State Commission for Academic Degrees and Titles and the Lenin and State Prize Committee. For his enormous contribution to the development of science, V.S. Ershov was awarded Orders of Lenin, the October Revolution, the Red Banner of Labor (twice), the Badge of Honor (twice) and Peoples’ Friendship and medals. Vladimir Stepanovich passed away in 1988.
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Topaloğlu, Mustafa. "Evaluation of New Provisions Regarding Sales and Commercial Sales Amended by New Turkish Code of Obligations the Context of Vienna Convention." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.00982.
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Intendment of the paper herein, to evaluate of new provisions regarding sales and commercial sales amended by new Turkish Code of Obligations numbered 6098 in the context of Vienna Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods which is effective since 01 January 1988. It has a significance to be able to understand why the provisions of the convention have not been completely quoted to Turkish Code of Obligations. Turkish Code of Obligations' numbered 6098, Vienna Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods and Provisions of Vienna Convention on Contract for the International Sale of Goods (CISG/United Nations Convention), Comparing of civil law, common law, and combinations of these (especially Sales contracts in civil law and sales contracts in common law).During the legislation process of Turkish Code of Obligations' provisions regarding sales, both Vienna Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG/United Nations Convention) and Swiss law has been constituted a source. The Vienna Convention is effective since 01 January 1988 and Turkey has participated to (CISG) on 01 August 2011 and it has been a part of domestic law. The aim of (CISG) is to eliminate the differences among the countries' laws regarding sales; i.e. it constitutes a linking rule and the rules of sales. Since the Convention has been legislated with the effect of various law families and systems, provisions of the convention have not been completely adopted to code of obligations.
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Saldanha, Ana Beatriz dos Santos, Hellen Vieira Gomes, Maria Erica Barbosa de Paula, et al. "Combating child sexual abuse and exploitation: an experience report." In III SEVEN INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY CONGRESS. Seven Congress, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/seveniiimulti2023-223.
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The violation of sexual rights, which involves the abuse or exploitation of minors' sexuality or bodies, is called sexual violence (BRASIL, 1988). Although many associate sexual violence with the sexual act itself, it actually encompasses a much wider range of actions that can result in traumatic experiences for children and adolescents. Regardless of the form it takes, the impact of child sexual violence is devastating (BRASIL, 2000). Between 2011 and 2017, the Brazilian public health system recorded 184,524 incidents of sexual violence perpetrated against children and adolescents across the country. The epidemiological analysis of sexual violence against children and adolescents in Brazil, released by the federal government the previous year, presented the profile of these notifications which revealed that 70% of the assaults took place in the victim's home and 80% of the aggressors were male. In addition, 64% of the victims had some kind of relationship or friendship with the aggressor (BRASIL, 2018). The year 2020 reported more than 60,000 cases of rape in Brazil, with a worrying 73.7% of victims unable to provide consent as a result of their vulnerable state, and 86.9% of these victims being female (BRASIL, 2021).
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Pal, Rimpa, and Bhaskar Bhowmick. "Mapping the Evolution and Future Directions of Family Business Research: A Bibliometric Analysis." In 7th World Conference on Business, Management, Finance, Economics, and Marketing. Eurasia Conferences, 2025. https://doi.org/10.62422/978-81-981590-7-6-009.
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Family business research has experienced significant growth and diversification in the past decades. In this Bibliometric study, we aimed to map the trends and identify the future research directions. We analysed 8169 documents (1957 to 2025) from the Scopus and Web of Science database by using Bibliometrix and Biblioshiny. It showed that the publications increased annually at a rate of 7.1% while 10244 authors contributed to this domain. The first surge happened in 1988 (Family Business Review published), followed by 2011 (Journal of Family Business Management, and Journal of Family Business Strategy published). These three journals are the top three sources in this field with more than 1300 articles (from Bradford Law Analysis). We have noticed three streams-- (i) nature, structure, and transgenerational succession (1950s to mid-2000s), (ii) family influence and socio-emotional wealth (SEW) (mid-2000s to present), (iii) governance, social responsibility, gender (2010s to present). De Massis, Kellermanns, Chrisman, Calabro and Miller are the most relevant authors, both in terms of number of articles and impact, for their contributions in theorizing the family businesses and understanding the effects of contemporary events. In contrast, Astrachan, Sharma, Gomez-Mejia and Daspit also made impactful contributions in the field of family influence and socio-emotional wealth, despite their comparatively smaller number of articles. Initially, the USA and the European nations led the research, in the last 15 years, the interest is growing in China, Taiwan, and the UAE as well due to the growing recognition of family businesses in these economies. SEW, ownership, business performance, management, and corporate governance are the well-researched areas, but these topics are still relevant for micro-level studies. The new research can be done on gender diversity, financial wealth, intergenerational transmission, corporate social responsibility, and the top leadership.
Reports on the topic ""Friendship of Nations" (1988)"
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Stage de formation en matière de toponymie sous les auspices des Nations Unies, 7-19 août 1988. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/298273.
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