Dissertations / Theses: 'Fringe analysis'

1

Quan, C. "Quantitative and automatic analysis of interferometric fringe data using carrier fringe and FFT techniques." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358176.

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Ross, Frances Mary. "The development and application of Fresnel fringe analysis." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305501.

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Abdul-Rahman, Hussein. "Three-dimensional Fourier fringe analysis and phase unwrapping." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2007. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/5846/.

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Nikolaou, Nikolas. "Functional analysis of lunatic fringe in zebrafish hindbrain development." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.499529.

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Malcolm, Andrew Alexander. "Fourier analysis of projected fringe patterns for precision measurement." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262105.

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Lilley, Francis. "An optical 3D body surface measurement system to improve radiotherapy treatment of cancer." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313092.

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Ens, Denise A. "Diachronic palaeodietary analysis of prairie fringe peoples of southeastern Manitoba." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ32101.pdf.

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Stephenson, Paul R. "Evaluation and solutions of key problems in Fourier fringe analysis." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262106.

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9

Tipper, David John. "The application of neural networks to problems in fringe analysis." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 1999. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/5060/.

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10

Herraez, Miguel Arevalillo. "An investigation of various computational techniques in optical fringe analysis." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 1996. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/5573/.

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Fringe projection is an optical technique for three dimensional non-contact measurement of height distributions. A fringe pattern is projected onto an object's surface and, when viewed off-axis, it deforms to follow the shape of the object. The deformed fringe pattern is analysed to obtain its phase, information that is directly related to the height distribution of the surface by a proportionality constant. This thesis analyses some key problems in fringe projection analysis. Special attention is focused on the automatisation of the process with Fourier Fringe Analysis (FFA). Unwrapping, or elimination of 21t discontinuities in a phase map, is treated in detail. Two novel unwrapping techniques are proposed, analysed and demonstrated. A new method to reduce the number of wraps in the resulting phase distribution is developed. A number of problems related to FFA are discussed, and new techniques are presented for their resolution. In particular, a technique with better noise isolation is developed and a method to analyse non-fullfield images based on function mapping is suggested. The use of parallel computation in the context of fringe analysis is considered. The parallelisation of cellular automata in distributed memory machines is discussed and analysed. A comparison between occam 2 and HPF, two compilers based upon a very different philosophy, is given. A case study with implementations in occam 2 and high performance FORTRAN (HPF) is presented. The advantages and disadvantages of each solution are critically assessed.

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Green, Roger James. "The use of Fourier transform methods in automatic fringe pattern analysis." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307203.

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12

Davila, Alvarez Abundio. "Transient displacement analysis using double-pulsed ESPI and fringe processing methods." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1996. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/32809.

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This thesis deals with techniques for the displacement measurement of fast transient phenomena using ESPI. Four main contributions are presented. First, a computer model for speckle noise and ESPI fringe generation is proposed. An assessment methodology for speckle noise reduction algorithms is then derived using the computer model. Then the noise in the ESPI fringe patterns is analysed using computer generated speckle and several solutions for its reduction are proposed and assessed. Finally, a fast electro-optical system is presented as a solution to the unambiguous phase extraction problem from a single interferogram. With this novel system, whole field transient displacements occurring in time intervals as short as 20ns can be successfully registered and retrieved.

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Towers, David Peter. "The automatic and quantitative analysis of interferometric and optical fringe data." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1991. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/108038/.

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Optical interference techniques are used for a wide variety of industrial measurements. Using holographic interferometry or electronic speckle pattern interferometry, whole field measurements can be made on diffusely reflecting surfaces to sub-wavelength accuracy. Interference fringes are formed by comparing two states of an object. The interference phase contains information regarding the optical path difference between the two object states, and is related to the object deformation. The automatic extraction of the phase is critical for optical fringe methods to be applied as a routine tool. The solution to this problem is the main topic of the thesis. All stages in the analysis have been considered: fringe field recording methods, reconstructing the data into a digital form, and automatic image processing algorithms to solve for the interference phase. A new method for reconstructing holographic fringe data has been explored. This produced a system with considerably reduced sensitivity to environmental changes. An analysis of the reconstructed fringe pattern showed that most errors in the phase measurements are linear. Two methods for error compensation are proposed. The optimum resolution which can be attained using the method is lambda/90, or 4 nanometers. The fringe data was digitised using a framestore and solid state CCD camera. The image processing followed three distinct stages : filtering the input data, forming a 'wrapped' phase map by either the quasi-heterodyne analysis or Fourier transform method, and phase unwrapping. The primary objective was to form a fully automatic fringe analysis package, applicable to general fringe data. Automatic processing has been achieved by making local measurements of fringe field characteristics. The number of iterations of an averaging filter is optimised according to a measure of the fringe’s signal to noise. In phase unwrapping it has been identified that discontinuities in the data are more likely in regions of high spatial frequency fringes. This factor has been incorporated into a new algorithm where regions of discontinuous data are isolated according to local variations in the fringe period and data consistency. These methods have been found to give near optimum results in many cases. The analysis is fully automated, and can be performed in a relatively short time, « 10 minutes on a SUN 4 processor. Applications to static deflections, vibrating objects, axisymmetric flames and transonic air flows are presented. Static deflection data from both holographic interferometry and ESPI is shown. The range of fringe fields which can be analysed is limited by the resolution of the digital image data which can be obtained from commercially available devices. For the quantitative analysis of three dimensional flows, the imaging of the fringe data is difficult due to large variations in localisation depth. Two approaches to overcome this problem are discussed for the specific case of burner flame analysis.

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Dutto, Samantha Mia. "Public versus private sector outlays on non-wage compensation in Wisconsin : an analysis of health insurance, pension, tenure, and other systems." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28547.

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Judge, Thomas Richard. "Quantitative digital image processing in fringe analysis and particle image velocimetry (PIV)." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357844.

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Albrecht, Daniel J. F. "Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry : instruments development, optimisation and applications." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1998. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/32474.

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Optical interferometric techniques are being increasingly used in industry. These non contact techniques, using laser methods based on speckle interferometry, assure a greater accuracy in measuring displacements caused by deformations. One such technique, Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry (ESPI), has been used successfully, by analysis of the reaction of mechanical components to induced mechanical or thermal stress, for the measurements of in-situ, real time, full-field, in-plane and out-of-plane displacements and the detection of detachments, micro-cracks occurring as internal and external defects.

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Zhang, Yu, Xiaobo Tian, and Rongguang Liang. "Fringe-print-through error analysis and correction in snapshot phase-shifting interference microscope." OPTICAL SOC AMER, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626052.

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To reduce the environmental errors, a snapshot phase-shifting interference microscope (SPSIM) has been developed for surface roughness measurement. However, fringe-print-through (FPT) error widely exists in the phase-shifting interferometry (PSI). To ensure the measurement accuracy, we analyze the sources which introduce the FPT error in the SPSIM. We also develop a FPT error correction algorithm which can be used in the different intensity distribution conditions. The simulation and experiment verify the correctness and feasibility of the FPT error correction algorithm. (C) 2017 Optical Society of America

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Al, Sa'd Mohammad Saleh. "A real-time multi-sensor 3D surface shape measurement system using fringe analysis." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2011. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/6011/.

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This thesis presents a state-of-the-art multi-sensor, 3D surface shape measurement system that is based upon fringe projection/analysis and which operates at speeds approaching real-time. The research programme was carried out as part of MEGURATH (www.megurath.org), a collaborative research project with the aim of improving the treatment of cancer by radiotherapy. The aim of this research programme was to develop a real-time, multi-sensor 3D surface shape measurement system that is based on fringe analysis, which provides the flexibility to choose from amongst several different fringe profilometry methods and to manipulate their settings interactively. The system has been designed specifically to measure dynamic 3D human body surface shape and to act as an enabling technology for the purpose of performing Metrology Guided Radiotherapy (MGRT). However, the system has a wide variety of other potential applications, including 3D modelling and visualisation, verbatim replication, reverse engineering and industrial inspection. It can also be used as a rapid prototyping tool for algorithm development and testing, within the field of fringe pattern profilometry. The system that has been developed provides single, or multi-sensor, measurement modes that are adaptable to the specific requirements of a desired application. The multi-sensor mode can be useful for covering a larger measurement area, by providing a multi-viewpoint measurement. The overall measurement accuracy of the system is better than O.5mm, with measurement speeds of up to 3 million XYZ points/second using the single-sensor mode and rising to up to 4.6 million XYZ points/second when measuring in parallel using the three sensor multi-sensor mode. In addition the system provides a wide-ranging catalogue of fringe profilometry methods and techniques, that enables the reconstruction of 3D information through an interactive user selection of 183 possible different paths of main combinations. The research aspects behind the development of the system are presented in this thesis, along with the author's contribution to this field of research, which has included the provision of a comprehensive framework for producing such a novel optical profilometry system, and the specific techniques that were developed to fulfil the aims of this research programme. This mainly included the following advanced methods: a transversal calibration method for the optical system, an adaptive filtering technique for the Fourier Transform Profilometry (FTP) method, and a method to synthetically restore the locations of the triangulation spots. Similarly, potential applications for the system have been presented and feasibility and accuracy analyses have been conducted, presenting both qualitative and quantitative measurement results. To this end, the high robustness levels exhibited by the system have been demonstrated (in terms of adaptability, accuracy and measurement capability) by performing extensive real experiments and laboratory testing. Finally, a number of potential future system developments are described, with the intention of further extending the system capabilities.

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Al-Hamdan, Sami. "A comparison of two parallel computer architectures in the context of interferometric fringe analysis." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321362.

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CANABARRO, MAIQUEL DOS SANTOS. "SYNTHESIS AND ANALYSIS OF CIRCULARLY SYMMETRIC REFLECTORS VIA PHYSICAL OPTICS AND FRINGE WAVE CURRENTS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2009. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=14876@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
O projeto de antenas refletoras para a geração de feixes modelados envolve a construção de algoritmos baseados em métodos de análise eletromagnética associados a técnica de otimização. Em geral, estes algoritmos demandam considerável tempo de processamento computacional, impondo limites para sua utilização intensiva na exploração de diferentes conjuntos de especificações e na busca de soluções mais compactas. Neste trabalho, será considerada a síntese de antenas refletoras circularmente simétricas para a geração de feixes modelados circularmente simétricos. Em função das características de simetria da antena, simplificações serão introduzidas na formulação do problema, reduzindo substancialmente o tempo de processamento e viabilizando sua utilização intensiva. Para a análise eletromagnética da antena refletora serão consideradas as aproximações da Ótica Física (PO) e das correntes de franja (CF). Considerando alimentadores radiando um campo com dependência azimutal n=1, o algoritmo foi adaptado e aplicado no modelamento de antena refletora para atender as especificações do CBERS (China-Brazil Earth Resources Satellite). Para alimentadores com dependência azimutal n=0, foram considerados sistemas de antenas omnidirecionais de um e dois refletores para a geração de diagramas modelados no plano vertical. Para estes dois tipo de sistema, o algoritmo de modelamento foi utilizado para maximizar o diagrama em direção e para produzir diagramas com dependência do tipo cossecante ao quadrado no plano vertical. A validação da técnica de análise eletromagnética desenvolvida foi obtida comparando os resultados com os gerados via Métodos dos Momentos.
The usual algorithms employed in the design of shaped reflector antennas for satellite applications embed an electromagnetic analysis method in an optimization technique. In general, these algorithms demand considerable computation time, limiting its intensive use in the study to explore different sets of specifications and to search for more compact geometries. In this work, it is considered the particular case of the shaping of circularly symmetric reflectors antennas for the generation of circularly symmetric radiation patterns. The use of the reflector surface properties simplifies the formulation of the electromagnetic scattering and substantially reduces the computer time involved in the optimization iteration. For the electromagnetic scattering, the algorithm employed here considers the approximations given by the Physical Optics and Fringe Currents methods. Firstly, the shaping algorithm was applied in the design of a single reflector antenna to comply with the specifications of the China-Brazil Earth Resources Satellite (CBERS). For this case, the feed radiation pattern was represented by model with azimuthal dependence n=1. As a second case, the shaping algorithm was applied in the design of single and dual reflector omnidirectional antennas. Theses antennas were feed by a TEM coaxial horn with azimuthal dependence n=1. For these two type of antenna configurations, the modelling algorithm was used to maximize the diagram in one direction or to produce radiation patterns with dependence of the type cosecant to the square in the vertical plan. A Methods of Moments electromagnetic analysis was used to validate the scattering fields yielded by the PO+Fringe currents approximations.

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Kim, Jung-Hoon. "An analysis of land use change using GIS and spatial analysis a case study of the Seoul metropolitan region perimeter /." Thesis, Online version, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.369836.

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Slade, J. Morgan. "Thermomechanical strain analysis of electronic packages using Moiré interferometry by computational and manual fringe reduction." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/40221.

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Dunphy, Albert M. "Balancing residential growth with commercial agriculture in the urban-rural fringe, an analysis of design methods." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ31566.pdf.

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Cheng, Yau-mei Corrina. "An analysis of the employees' compensation system in Hong Kong." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B17508162.

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Smith, Timothy Edward. "Solving the payment problem : an interactional analysis of street performance." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22086.

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This thesis investigates how street performers entertain passers-by and audience members in exchange for money. Specifically, it investigates how this exchange relationship is accomplished in light of exchange happening outside the routine context of “the market”, where payment for goods and services is ordinarily enforceable. In this regard, this thesis seeks to uncover the ways that exchange in street performance is alternatively organised through donations, and how giving donations are produced and recognised as interactionally relevant and morally accountable actions. To that end, this thesis employs the allied approaches of ethnomethodology and conversation analysis. It empirically examines video recordings of street performances, mostly collected at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe. Three kinds of street performance encounter are considered: these are musical busking, living statue performing, and circle show performing. The order of the discussions of these performances reflects the extent to which the performers explicitly recruit interactional resources —including talk, gesture and material objects—to morally obligate audience members and passers-by to give donations. The main thrust of this thesis is that street performers, passers-by and audience members collaboratively produce and recognise street performances as gifts that should be reciprocated. The street performances are initially freely given, but participation entails indebtedness that in various ways make remuneration interactionally relevant. In this regard, this thesis also explores how money, value and materiality feature in the giving and receiving of donations. This thesis provides new knowledge about how street performance encounters are ordered, how moral obligation is interactionally worked up through the sequential organisation of social actions, and how money donations are exchanged in return for entertainment. It also provides new understanding about how different kinds of street performance encounters share organisationally similar properties for solving the “payment problem”, but at the same time possess properties that are distinct.

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Yow, Kam Chaun. "Signal bandwidth analysis and phase demodulation of fringe patterns using digital filters in 3-D shape measurement." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247418.

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O'Donovan, Paul Christopher. "An investigation of a Fourier based phase retrieval technique used in the analysis of surface fringe patterns." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262107.

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Mentz, Melanie. "Share incentive schemes in South Africa : an analysis of company law, accounting and income tax implications." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021109.

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In the last decade South Africa saw the introduction of s 8C into the Income Tax Act, no.58 of 1962, the introduction of IFRS 2 into the International Financial Reporting Standards and the promulgation of the 2008 Companies Act. Each of these changes is relevant to and impact on the consequences flowing from executive share incentive schemes, from the perspective of both the employer company offering the scheme and the employee participating in the scheme. The aim of this study was to analyse, from the employer company’s perspective, the implications of each discipline in isolation, as well as the interrelationship of the three disciplines. The further aims of this study were to utilise the findings from the analyses to identify where legislative amendment is required to close loopholes or ensure equitable results, to identify where the interrelationship of the three disciplines result in unintended consequences, and to provide recommendations on how to avoid these adverse consequences. The most significant findings of this study are summarised below. Due to the legal precedent created by the Supreme Court of Appeal in the Labat case, the mode of settlement – cash or equity – will be the determining factor as regards the availability of an income tax deduction in the hands of the employer company. It is submitted that legislative amendment is required to rectify this inequitable result. Where payment by the employer pursuant to a share appreciation rights scheme occurs in a year of assessment subsequent to the year of assessment in which vesting occurred, changes in the value of the underlying equity instrument from the vesting date to the payment date could result in adverse income tax consequences to the employer and/or the fiscus. To address this, it is recommended that the Income Tax Act should be amended to expressly bring cash-settled executive share incentive schemes within the scope of s 7B and to align the provisions of s 7B and 8C in order to avoid anomalies existing between these two sections in so far as the income tax consequences in the hands of the participating employees are concerned.

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Rohling, Kevin. "A Spatial Analysis of Small Road-killed Vertebrates in Madison County, IL| Implications for Conservation on a Suburban Fringe." Thesis, Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1545447.

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The road network in the U.S. is immense, and vehicle use has expanded to incredible proportions since the early 1900s. While the use of this network has proven useful to people, roads and vehicles cause severe environmental degradation. An important part of this degradation is direct mortality of wildlife due to road-kill, with some estimates of vertebrate fatalities reaching the hundreds of millions each year in the U.S. alone. Until the last few decades, little attention was given to the problem of road-kill. A few recent studies have conducted statistical and GIS analyses to identify and predict locations of road-kill in order to strategically implement mitigation strategies. These road-kill studies focused on few species and/or limited study areas.

In the U.S., suburban areas have been expanding in recent years, but have been largely absent from the research on road-kill. This study investigates road-kill of the small vertebrate community on the fringe of the St. Louis metropolitan area and identifies significant land use/land cover attributes surrounding road-kill and hotspot locations using logistic regression models and hotspot analyses. The findings clearly show that rates of road-kill in this area are substantial and worthy of mitigation. Locations were identified for reducing overall rates of road-kill, such as areas nearer to forest fragments and farther from cultivated lands that are surrounded by greater amounts of open and low intensity developed areas and lesser amounts of cultivated lands. If mitigation were targeted in locations identified in this study, it could lead to reductions of thousands of road-kills each year.

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Pyekh, Yury B. "Dynamic terrain following: nvCPD scanning technique improvement." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/34826.

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There is a large number of measurement techniques that is used for a surface inspection and a characterization of different types of materials. One of these techniques is a contact potential difference (CPD) scanning technique. In this project a non-vibrating contact potential difference (nvCPD) method is utilized to measure a work function and a topographical structure of a sample surface. A sample is mounted on a spindle that rotates at high speed. A nvCPD sensor detects work-function variations during movement above the sample surface. There are certain factors that create difficulties during the measurement process. A nonplanar sample surface, the spindle wobble and an incline of a mounted sample impede the safe (without impacting the surface) scanning at a close distance. The goal of this thesis was to implement a height sensor as a feedback device to dynamically control and adjust a CPD sensor flying height. Since a CPD signal is inversely proportional to the flying height, minimization of this height will enhance the signal magnitude, the signal-to-noise ratio and the resolution of measurements.

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Andrews, Charles G. "Comparative Analysis of Management and Employee Job Satisfaction and Policy Perceptions." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2003. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4239/.

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The purpose of the study was to investigate the perceptions of job satisfaction as defined by management and nonmanagement employees and to compare both parties' perceptions of organizational benefits to a list prepared by the organization's benefit personnel. Turnover is costly to the organization, both in money and in the impact it has on those individuals remaining with the organization. Every effort should be undertaken to reduce the amount of turnover within the organization. A contributing factor leading to turnover may be a gap between what the employees believe is important to them and what management believes is important to the employees. The boundaries of the gap need to be identified before any effort can be made to reduce or bridge the gap. Once the boundaries are identified, policies can be analyzed and the possibility of reducing the gap investigated. Management as a whole must be aware of the needs and wants of their employees before any attempt to develop a retention strategy is undertaken. This knowledge can be acquired only through two-way communication with the employee. The communication process includes the simple process of asking employees for this information and then listening to how they respond. This study suggests that little difference exists in perception of job satisfaction importance for gender, age group, length of time with the organization, topic training hours, and between management and nonmanagement employees. However, perception gaps exist between the job satisfaction items addressed by organizational policies and procedures and those perceived by employees. Additional studies that include a number of varied organizations are needed before extensive generalizations can be made.

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Berkoben, Keith A. (Keith Alexander). "Extending broadband past the urban fringe with wireless mesh : a strategic analysis with policy implications for Kenya's Universal Service Fund." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69480.

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Thesis (S.M. in Technology and Policy)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2011.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 114-119).
As the competitive wholesale cost of bandwidth continues to plummet in Kenya, last-mile networks have become a bottleneck in the extension of affordable broadband outside major cities. In this work we explore the business case for small-scale wireless mesh networks as a means to implement demand-driven, bottom-up growth of broadband infrastructure on the outskirts of Nairobi, Kenya. Under the hypothesis that current conditions are not attractive to small scale operators (SSO), we develop a continuous growth model to understand the investment required by a SSO before a small-scale network is able to grow sustainably. The model is then used to test the effects of a variety of policy interventions on the SSO's required investment. Our analysis reveals that the two primary barriers for SSOs are license fees and inability to access market prices for upstream inputs at prices competitive with large commercial operators. Based on these results we propose government support for a SSO cooperative as an efficient method of supporting small-scale wireless networks and their operators.
by Keith A. Berkoben.
S.M.in Technology and Policy

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Sathiga, Stephene. "A comparative analysis of the taxation of fringe benefits in the South African Income Tax with the Australian Income Tax." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30656.

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Fringe benefits are the largest source of tax collection in South Africa, and a major change to the Income Tax Act has affected Fringe Benefit Tax. Virtually every year in the budget speech, the Minister of Finance introduces changes to the legislation, with the concomitant effect on individuals. In the last speech, the use of travel allowances and medical schemes, to name only two, were mentioned as being under constant review. In the budget speech of 2011, delivered by Pravin Gordhan on 23 February 2011, he announced that the employer’s contribution to retirement funds on behalf of employees will constitute a Taxable Fringe Benefit with effect from 1 March 2012. This study intends to establish, by means of a comparison between the South African and Australian Income Tax Acts, whether the taxation of fringe benefits, as set out in the Act in South Africa, is still appropriate. This will be done by evaluating the Australian system of taxing fringe benefits and comparing this with the taxation of the fringe benefits listed in the Act in SA. The study also discusses the various categories of fringe benefits listed in the Act. It will analyse and compare these with the fringe benefits in the Australian tax system. No similar research has been carried out from the South African perspective AFRIKAANS : Byvoordeel bestaan die grootste gedeelte van die bron van belasting invordering. Daar is 'n groot verandering in die Inkomstebelastingwet wat die byvoordeel belasting geaffekteer het in Suid Afrika. Byna elke jaar in sy begrotingsrede het die Minister van Finansies veranderinge aangekondig in die wetgewing wat individue raak.In die begrotingsrede van 2011, vrygestel op 23 Februarie 2011 deur die Minister van Finansies, Pravin Gordhan, sal die werkgewer se bydrae tot aftreefondse namens werknemers ,met ingang 1 Maart 2012 as 'n belasbare byvoordeel graag word. Die doel van hierdie studie is om vas te stel, deur middel van 'n vergelykende studie met Australiese Inkomstebelastingwet, of die wet op belasting op byvoordele in Suid-Afrika nog toepaslik is. Die doelwitte van die studie is om die Australiese stelsel te evalueer in vergelyking met die belasting op byvoordele in SA. Hierdie studie bespreek die verskillende kategorieë van byvoordele soos tans van toepassing op Suid-Afrika; an word ontleed en vergelyk met die byvoordele in die Australiese belasting stelsel. Daar is geen vorige navorsing uitgevoer in hierdie gebied vanuit ‘n Suid-Afrikaanse perspektief nie Copyright 2011, University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. Please cite as follows: Sathiga, S 2011, A comparative analysis of the taxation of fringe benefits in the South African Income Tax with the Australian Income Tax, MCom dissertation, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, viewed yymmdd < http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-03052012-161405 / > F12/4/143/gm
Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Taxation
Unrestricted

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Francis, Lauren Maree. "The relationship between assigned age group and child care teachers' staffing patterns, educational level, wages and benefits an exploratory analysis /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 116 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1342740551&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Cheng, Yau-mei Corrina, and 鄭有媚. "An analysis of the employees' compensation system in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31964898.

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Leandry, Ismaëlle. "Adaptation de la méthode de projection de franges pour la mesure du relief de grands objets et pour la modélisation anthropométrique : application à l'étude de flotteurs sous pression et au suivi de pathologie de l'abdomen." Thesis, Poitiers, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012POIT2288/document.

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L'étude proposée porte sur l'adaptation d'une méthode de mesure optique à lamesure de la topologie d'objet de grandes dimensions et à une distance de travail proche. Laméthode optique utilisée est la projection de franges car elle permet l'étude de grands objets.Dans un premier temps, des essais expérimentaux ont été réalisés pour évaluer l'exactitudedu développement actuel ; ce dernier utilisant une analyse de franges s'appuyant sur lacombinaison d'une méthode quasi-hétérodyne utilisant une transformation de Fourier etd'une méthode de code gray.Après avoir quantifié les erreurs et déterminé leurs sources, le choix dudéveloppement d'une procédure d'étalonnage et de nouvelles équations associées à cetteprocédure se sont imposés. Le nouvel étalonnage est quant à lui basé sur une interpolationpolynomiale de points définissant un volume de grandes dimensions. Un objet étalon a étéspécialement conçu pour cette procédure de calibration. Pour évaluer l'erreur du à lacalibration, une étude systématique de cas de polynômes dont le plus haut degré varie de 1à 4 a été effectué. Cette approche a permis de déterminer le degré optimal du polynôme àutiliser. Dans le meilleur cas, l'estimation de l'erreur a permis d'évaluer la précision del'étalonnage à 1 mm sur un objet de 2 m évalué à une distance de 2 m.La méthode a été par la suite appliquée, dans un cadre industriel à l'étude deflotteurs et dans un cadre médical à l'étude du relief de la paroi abdominale. D'un point devue médical, cette méthode permet d'obtenir rapidement et facilement la morphologie ducorps humain. Elle permet aussi d'effectuer un meilleur suivi des pathologiesmorphologiques des patients
The proposed study deals with the adaptation of an optical method to themeasurement of large objects at a low working distance. The optical method used is thefringe projection technique allowing the study of large objects. At first, experimental trials hasbeen used to evaluate the accuracy of the actual development combining the phase shiftingmethod using a Fourier transform and the gray code technique.When the errors have been quantified and their origins determined, the developmentof a calibration procedure and new associated equations have been chosen. The newcalibration is based on polynomial interpolation of points defining a volume of largedimensions. A tested object was designed specifically for this calibration procedure. Toestimate the calibration error, a systematic study of polynomials cases is performed. Thehighest degree of those cases varies from 1 to 4. This approach allows the determination theoptimal polynomial degree to be used. In the best case, the estimation of the error allows theevaluation of the calibration accuracy of about 1 mm for an object of 2 m large, measured ata distance of 2 m.The method has been subsequently applied, in an industrial setting, to the study offloats and in a medical setting to the study of the relief of the abdominal wall. From a medicalpoint of view, this method gives a rapid and easy access to the topology of human body. Itallows a better follow-up of the patient pathology

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Maldonado, José F. "A national analysis of faculty salary and benefits in public community colleges, academic year 2003-2004." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5451/.

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This study provides a detailed description of full-time faculty salary and fringe benefits in US public community colleges by state and by 2005 Carnegie basic classification type for the academic year 2003-2004. This classification is used to analyze data from the National Center for Education Statistics' Integrated Postsecondary Educational Data System (IPEDS). Further analysis clusters states into the following groupings: states with/without collective bargaining agreements, states with/without local appropriations, large megastates versus nonmegastates (using the methodology developed by Grapevine at Illinois State University), and the impact of California on the nation's salaries and fringe benefits. The analysis showed high level of variation of salaries paid by the type of community college (rural, suburban, and urban serving) in the US. The nation's average salary for full-time faculty was $52,598. Rural serving small institutions faculty salary was $18,754 or 45 % less than the nation's average. Salaries in colleges with collective bargaining agreement were higher than in colleges without collective bargaining agreements. Faculty teaching in suburban serving colleges with local taxation had the highest salaries, $61,822 within colleges with access to local support. Suburban serving multiple colleges in megastates had the highest faculty salary average, $64,540 as compared to $42,263 for rural serving colleges in non-megastates. California may be a state with a very high cost of living; however, that does not diminish the fact that community college faculty are among the highest paid faculty in the nation. Colleges with collective bargaining agreements, with local appropriations, and in megastates, tended to have better benefits packages for their faculty. This study includes recommendations for further research, including a recommendation that a quantitative statistical analysis be undertaken to show statistical significance in salaries and fringe benefits among collective and non-collective bargaining states, a study addressing the faculty and leadership challenges that community colleges will be facing soon should be done, and that a similar study be done that includes tribal colleges.

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Pretorius, Luzaan. "A critical analysis of the employees' tax implications of loyalty points awarded to employees in South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26507.

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Since the introduction of frequent flyer miles (e.g. Voyager miles) in South Africa, the concept has evolved in a number of ways. Currently, loyalty programmes are widely used in the consumer industry. Despite the fact that these programmes have been in place for several years, the South African Revenue Service (hereafter referred to as SARS) has failed to issue any legislation or guidance with regard to the treatment of these miles from an employees’ tax perspective. The fringe benefit implications of frequent flyer miles have been the topic of research both in South Africa and abroad. However, little research has been identified on the tax implications of loyalty programmes. This study re-examined past studies and literature identified on frequent flyer miles and analysed the impact these have on loyalty points earned on personal and corporate credit cards from an employees’ tax perspective. The study also extended past research and investigated loyalty points awarded to employees as an incentive from an employees’ tax perspective. The study had three specific objectives. The first objective was to analyse past research studies, court cases and other literature in order to establish the theoretical construct of this study. Secondly, it compared the treatment of frequent flyer miles earned by, or awarded to, employees in South Africa to the treatment of these in Australia and Canada. The third objective was to analyse the employees’ tax implications of loyalty points earned by, or awarded to, employees in specific scenarios. These scenarios were limited to loyalty points earned by employers on corporate credit cards and which are awarded to employees for personal use; loyalty points earned on personal credit cards as a result of business expenditure incurred by employees; and loyalty points awarded to an employee, as part of a loyalty programme operated by the employer, as an incentive. The concluding argument of this study was that loyalty points earned on corporate or personal credit cards, which are used for the benefit of employees, may be considered not to be taxable and that consequently, no employees’ tax obligation will arise. However, this argument is plagued by uncertainties and it is questionable as to whether this view will be supported by the South African courts and SARS. In the scenario where loyalty points are awarded as an incentive to employees, it may clearly be argued that these should be taxable with the result that an employees’ tax obligation will arise. However, the nature and value of the benefit, as well as the point at which the tax event occurs, may create inequities and is therefore uncertain. All these uncertainties highlight the need for guidance in this area from SARS. AFRIKAANS : Sedert gereelde vlugmyle (bv. Voyager miles) in Suid-Afrika in plek gestel is, het hierdie konsep in verskeie vorms ontwikkel. Vandag word lojaliteitsprogramme algemeen in die verbruikersbedryf gebruik. Ten spyte van die feit dat hierdie programme vir baie jare reeds in plek is, het die Suid-Afrikaanse Inkomstediens (hierna verwys na as SAID) steeds geen wetgewing of leiding uitgereik oor die hantering van hierdie myle uit ’n werknemersbelastingsoogpunt nie. Alhoewel die byvoordeelimplikasies van gereelde vlugmyle die onderwerp was van navorsing in Suid-Afrika sowel as oorsee is min navorsing geïdentifiseer oor die belastingimplikasies van lojaliteitsprogramme. Hierdie studie heroorweeg bestaande studies en literatuur oor gereelde vlugmyle en analiseer die impak daarvan op lojaliteitspunte verdien op persoonlike en sakekredietkaarte uit ’n werknemersbelastingsoogpunt. Die studie sal ook bestaande navorsing uitbrei deur lojaliteitspunte, wat as ’n aansporing aan werknemers gegee word, uit ’n werknemersbelastingsoogpunt te analiseer. Die studie het drie spesifieke oogmerke. In die eerste plek is dit om bestaande navorsingstudies, hofsake en ander literatuur te analiseer om ’n teoretiese basis te vestig. Tweedens is dit om die belastinghantering van gereelde vlugmyle verdien deur of toegeken aan werknemers in Suid-Afrika te vergelyk met die hantering hiervan in Australië en Kanada. Die derde oogmerk is om die werknemersbelastingimplikasies van lojaliteitspunte toegeken aan of verdien deur werknemers in spesifieke scenario’s krities te analiseer. Hierdie scenario’s is beperk tot lojaliteitspunte verdien deur werkgewers op sakekredietkaarte en toegeken aan werknemers vir persoonlike gebruik; lojaliteitspunte verdien deur werknemers weens sake-uitgawes aangegaan op persoonlike kredietkaarte; en lojaliteitspunte, wat deel vorm van ’n lojaliteitsprogram wat deur die werkgewer bedryf word, gegee aan werknemers as ’n aansporingsbonus. Volgens die studie se bevindinge kan daar aangevoer word dat lojaliteitspunte verdien op sake- en persoonlike kredietkaarte vir werknemers se persoonlike gebruik nie belasbaar is nie en gevolglik geen werknemersbelastingverpligting teweeg bring nie. Nietemin gaan hierdie siening gepaard met baie onsekerhede en word bevraagteken of dit deur die Suid-Afrikaanse howe en SAID ondersteun sal word. In die scenario waar lojaliteitspunte aan werknemers as ’n aansporing gegee word, kan dit duidelik aangevoer word dat hierdie voordeel belasbaar is en dus ’n werknemersbelastingverpligting teweegbring. Daar is egter onsekerheid oor die tydstip waarop die voordeel belas moet word, asook die aard en waarde van die belasbare byvoordeel. Hierdie onsekerhede onderstreep die behoefte aan leiding op hierdie onderwerp vanaf SAID.
Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Taxation
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Sendogdu, Cuhadar Damla. "The Koster&amp." Phd thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608987/index.pdf.

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This thesis describes the design, construction and testing of a new interferometer for the absolute measurement of length standards. It is assumed that this study mainly formed of three parts. Firstly, it starts with an introduction to the subject of length standards and length measurement by interferometry. The design of the new interferometer is given in detail, including the stable lasers used as light sources, fiber, optical and opto-mechanical components. In the second part of this study, the mechanical construction of the interferometer chamber is presented with temperature stabilization and controlling system. The temperature variations inside the chamber at different points in air and along the surface of the length standard are given. After that, the techniques for measurement of the refractive index of the air inside the interferometer chamber are summarized. In the last part of the thesis, a review of fringe analysis techniques is given, with an emphasis on 5 position phase-stepping algorithms. The data processing of images digitized in the interferometer is described, including the techniques developed for discontinuity removal and surface fitting. The measurement of the variation in length and flatness of the measuring faces of the length standards is described and the experimental results are given. The automated method of multiple wavelength-exact fractions is used to combine phase measurements at three wavelengths to allow accurate calculation of the length of the length standards. The experimental results are given for length standards. The uncertainty budget of whole system is calculated and presented in a table.

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Wood, Christopher Martin. "Shape analysis using Young's fringes." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261442.

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Kerisit, Michele (Michele Annick) 1951 Carleton University Dissertation Anthropology. "Feathers, furs and fringes: a semiological analysis of powwow regalia." Ottawa.:, 1989.

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Volkmann, Constantin [Verfasser], and Manuel [Akademischer Betreuer] Friese. "Translatome analysis of inflammatory neurodegeneration / Constantin Volkmann ; Betreuer: Manuel Friese." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2019. http://d-nb.info/118792170X/34.

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Volkmann, Constantin Verfasser], and Manuel A. [Akademischer Betreuer] [Friese. "Translatome analysis of inflammatory neurodegeneration / Constantin Volkmann ; Betreuer: Manuel Friese." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2019. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:18-97686.

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Khalil, Kamal. "Water surface profile modelling for Pinjarra flood diversion channel and economic evaluation." Thesis, Curtin University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2455.

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Shire of Murray has concerns regarding the negative impact that a 100 year flood could have on existing structures built before 1997. The increase cost in construction due to landfill has an adverse effect on development in Pinjarra. Feasibility of constructing a diversion channel at upstream of Murray River to attenuate the flood level from 1 in 100 year ARI to 1 in 50 year ARI, was investigated by Kiong (2003). The Murray River Water Surface Profile along three kilometres south of Greenlands Road was modelled. Flood damages on each flood occurrence were assessed and Average Annual Damage (AAD) was calculated. The AAD is used to estimate the monetary benefit against the construction cost of the diversion channel. Groundwater along Greenlands and Fauntleroy Drains was also modelled to determine the viable depth of the designed channel, as well as the analysis of backwater. The proposed channel is designed at different scenarios (invert level at breakout point, culvert or causeway design, and diversion channel variations). The benefit cost ratio of the proposed diversion channel is calculated. Other mitigation options are suggested including detention basins for structural measure, or building a new flood-proof township for non-structural measure.

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Khalil, Kamal. "Water surface profile modelling for Pinjarra flood diversion channel and economic evaluation." Curtin University of Technology, Department of Civil Engineering, 2007. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=17589.

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Shire of Murray has concerns regarding the negative impact that a 100 year flood could have on existing structures built before 1997. The increase cost in construction due to landfill has an adverse effect on development in Pinjarra. Feasibility of constructing a diversion channel at upstream of Murray River to attenuate the flood level from 1 in 100 year ARI to 1 in 50 year ARI, was investigated by Kiong (2003). The Murray River Water Surface Profile along three kilometres south of Greenlands Road was modelled. Flood damages on each flood occurrence were assessed and Average Annual Damage (AAD) was calculated. The AAD is used to estimate the monetary benefit against the construction cost of the diversion channel. Groundwater along Greenlands and Fauntleroy Drains was also modelled to determine the viable depth of the designed channel, as well as the analysis of backwater. The proposed channel is designed at different scenarios (invert level at breakout point, culvert or causeway design, and diversion channel variations). The benefit cost ratio of the proposed diversion channel is calculated. Other mitigation options are suggested including detention basins for structural measure, or building a new flood-proof township for non-structural measure.

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Friege, Jonas [Verfasser]. "Increasing homeowners’ insulation activity in Germany - A theoretically and empirically grounded agent-based model analysis / Jonas Friege." Wuppertal : Universitätsbibliothek Wuppertal, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1141194333/34.

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Tietgen, Jörn. "Die Idee des Ewigen Friedens in den politischen Utopien der Neuzeit : Analysen von Schrift und Film /." Marburg : Tectum-Verl, 2005. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=013096744&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Benmoussat, Mohammed Seghir. "Hyperspectral imagery algorithms for the processing of multimodal data : application for metal surface inspection in an industrial context by means of multispectral imagery, infrared thermography and stripe projection techniques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4347/document.

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Le travail présenté dans cette thèse porte sur l'inspection de surfaces métalliques industrielles. Nous proposons de généraliser des méthodes de l'imagerie hyperspectrale à des données multimodales comme des images optiques multi-canales, et des images thermographiques multi-temporelles. Dans la première application, les cubes de données sont construits à partir d'images multi-composantes pour détecter des défauts de surface. Les meilleures performances sont obtenues avec les éclairages multi-longueurs d'ondes dans le visible et le proche IR, et la détection du défaut en utilisant l'angle spectral, avec le spectre moyen comme référence. La deuxième application concerne l'utilisation de l'imagerie thermique pour l'inspection de pièces métalliques nucléaires afin de détecter des défauts de surface et sub-surface. Une approche 1D est proposée, basée sur l'utilisation du kurtosis pour sélectionner la composante principale parmi les premières obtenues après réduction des données avec l’ACP. La méthode proposée donne de bonnes performances avec des données non-bruitées et homogènes, cependant la SVD avec les algorithmes de détection d'anomalies est très robuste aux perturbations. Finalement, une approche, basée sur les techniques d'analyse de franges et la lumière structurée est présentée, dans le but d'inspecter des surfaces métalliques à forme libre. Après avoir déterminé les paramètres décrivant les modèles de franges sinusoïdaux, l'approche proposée consiste à projeter une liste de motifs déphasés et à calculer l'image de phase des motifs enregistrés. La localisation des défauts est basée sur la détection et l'analyse des franges dans les images de phase
The work presented in this thesis deals with the quality control and inspection of industrial metallic surfaces. The purpose is the generalization and application of hyperspectral imagery methods for multimodal data such as multi-channel optical images and multi-temporal thermographic images. In the first application, data cubes are built from multi-component images to detect surface defects within flat metallic parts. The best performances are obtained with multi-wavelength illuminations in the visible and near infrared ranges, and detection using spectral angle mapper with mean spectrum as a reference. The second application turns on the use of thermography imaging for the inspection of nuclear metal components to detect surface and subsurface defects. A 1D approach is proposed based on using the kurtosis to select 1 principal component (PC) from the first PCs obtained after reducing the original data cube with the principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm. The proposed PCA-1PC method gives good performances with non-noisy and homogeneous data, and SVD with anomaly detection algorithms gives the most consistent results and is quite robust to perturbations such as inhomogeneous background. Finally, an approach based on fringe analysis and structured light techniques in case of deflectometric recordings is presented for the inspection of free-form metal surfaces. After determining the parameters describing the sinusoidal stripe patterns, the proposed approach consists in projecting a list of phase-shifted patterns and calculating the corresponding phase-images. Defect location is based on detecting and analyzing the stripes within the phase-images

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Friese, Max Jonas [Verfasser]. "Modeling and Analysis of Automotive Cyber-physical Systems - Formal Approaches to Latency Analysis in Practice / Max Jonas Friese." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1232812536/34.

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Valente, M. A. "Fricke gel dosimetry for 3D imaging of absorbed dose in radiotherapy." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/41638.

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The overall aim of this thesis was to develop improvements for 3D dosimetry system, based on Fricke solution, in order to achieve accurate 3D absorbed dose distributions by means of visible light transmittance analysis. Such a system would represent a useful tool for 3D treatment planning verification. In particular, the main objectives were: To make a Fricke gel dosimeter selecting proper gelling substance and optimizing gel quantity according to the dosimeter response. To develop a Fricke gel dosimeter preparation protocol in order to establish an optimal elaboration process. To evaluate the characteristics of the Fricke gel dosimeter for dose distribution measurements. To reduce the uncertainties in dose distribution determination using Fricke gel dosimeters. To study the diffusion properties of the Fricke gel dosimeter, allowing a comparison with alternative non-diffusive polymer gel.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Fringe analysis'

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