Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Frittage (Métallurgie)'
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Canale, Philippe. "Etude des mécanismes du frittage d'un composite à matrice métallique et à dispersoi͏̈des de diamant." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA112343.
Full textCollaboration between the Society TRIEFUS A. D. I. E. , which belongs to the Japanese group ASAM Diamond, and the University of "Paris-Sud" was created. The objective was to prepare a thesis to ameliorate performances of pencil edging diamond wheels. These wheels are used to grind automotive lateral glasses. They are constituted with a steel body and, inside it, an abrasive part made of both metallic and dispersed diamond powders (superabrasive grits) exists. This tool is then heated around 800 ʿC. A metallic bond gives many advantages: better thermal properties, mechanical resistance, in comparison with other type of bonds (vitrified, or resin ones). We have modified the heat treatment applied during the manufacturing: instead of cooking in a traditional furnace, we have developed and optimized an induction method of heating. The result is having a better tool lifetime with such good qualities of cutting and surface state in the grinded glasses (no break in them). Dilatometric tests allowed studying the sintering of the starting powders, simple metallic alloys and sections of industrial wheels. Whatever the techniques of cooking used (in a traditional furnace or with the induction method), no different dimensional behavior was observed. The bond in the abrasive part is a complex polyconstitued and polyphased system (Ag, Cu, Ti, W and cast-iron), the study of which needed the analysis of simplified binary, ternary and quaternary systems, chosen among those five constituents. Taking into account the important chemical reactivity of the Cu-Ti system opposite the other elements, a particular analysis of that system was made. A new phase, having an atomic composition close to the CuTi3 stoichiometry, was revealed after long annealing treatments. An orthorhombic crystalline structure, with the Pbam space group was proposed, as well as a new assessment of the binary phase diagram at equilibrium, including this new phase. After having studied the simple metallic systems, composite systems including diamond powder were investigated. At the temperatures used in the industrial sintering cycle (around 800ʿC), no chemical reactivity between diamond and metallic particles was noted, because the sintering of the system occurred in solid phase. Therefore, the dispersed diamond grits are only linked by mechanical way. The same types of observations were made on industrial wheels
Roy, Jean-Francois. "Approche méthodologique du frittage sous charge de céramiques." Lyon, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAL0038.
Full textThe purpose of this work is to investigate sintering parameters for different ceramics with the aim of a better manufacturing control and a better properties (mechanical, electromagnetic, ,. . )control. In this perspective, the laboratory hot-press capacities were improved by data computerization and processing. Moreover, the results analysis from mathematical models was made easier by the use of a specifie methodology of research based on the construction of experimentf plans. Three different ceramics were studied : - the YBaCuO superconductor study specified the conditions of bulk elaboration by hot-pressing with high pressures and law temperatures less than 450°C. A later annealing under air is not required for restoring tfie superconductivity properties. - the Bayer alumina study exhioi ted tbe effect of the parameters of pressureless sintering and hot-pressing on the microstructure and mechanical properties. - the A12O3-AlN-MgO system study by reactive hot-pressing allowed to obtain optimum mechanical properties from a selected domain of interest
Skiredj, Juliette. "Mécanismes de frittage d'agglomérés Fe + C traités sous atmosphère H₂ + CH₄ : modélisation des processus de carburation et confrontation avec les résultats expérimentaux." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112255.
Full textThe purpose of this study was to analyze the processes occuring during carburization and/or decarburization when sintered steels are manufactured under hydrogen with an addition of methane. The behavior on heating the (Fe + C) mixtures was first studied by dilatometry; at the same time, the analysis by infrared spectrometry was done in order to follow the process of carburization decarburization. We explicited the concept of carbon potential from the carbon transfer to the surface of the samples. Besides, diagrams giving the carbon potential versus the temperature and composition of the atmosphere were infered from thermodynamic data relative to the (Fe + C) system in contact with an ( H₂ + CH₄ ) atmosphere. Hence, the comprehension and calculation of carbon potential was clarified. Finally, the complex phenomena, occuring during sintering under a carburizing atmosphere, were investigated in detail. We showed that the whole carburization process resulted from two related processes : - a carbon transfer through the gaseous :phase towards the surface of the sample ; this process may be characterized by a coefficient h, - the diffusion of carbon towards the core of the probe, which is characterized by a diffusion coefficient D. A mathematical model of the carburization kinetics was derived from the resolution of the FICK's equation. From this formalism, the values of the diffusion coefficient D and the transfer coefficient h were evaluated in the case of sintered steels and then were compared to those found for classical steels by other authors
Nivot, Christelle. "Densification de l'alumine : frittage sous pression de gaz." Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EMSE0029.
Full textGas pressure sintering is usually used to improve densification of compounds which are thermodynamically unsatble at typical sintering temperatures. The aim of this work is to study stability of pores performed in alumina materials by applying a nitrogen pressure during sintering cycle results on densification and microstructure evolution show that a nitrogen presure (between 2 MPa and 6 MPa) mainly delays necks formation and consolidation during initial stage of sintering. Indeed, pore closure and grain growth are not altered by nitrogen pressure during intermediate and final stages of sintering. Up to final relative densities of about 95%, modelling comparison points out densification controlled by grain boundaries diffusion whatever the pressure applied. Furthermore, this study underlined the importance of grain size evolution plotted versus relative density. This representation : average grain size = f(p) shows the existence of a unique sintering trajectory for any nitrogen pressure applied. A depressurization cycle optimization revealed that it's possible to obtain another sintering trajectory which translates the capability of materials to continue densification after depressurization without grain growth
Vo, Van André. "Modélisation numérique et expérimentale du procédé de frittage en métallurgie des poudres." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0004/MQ33777.pdf.
Full textZheng, Xin. "Frittage de particules métalliques supportées : modélisation et analyse d'images." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO10309.
Full textNeri, Amandine. "Elaboration et frittage par courant pulsé de contacts électriques basse et moyenne tension." Lyon, INSA, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ISAL0021.
Full text[This work has been dedicated to two kinds of materials, Ag-SnO2, electrical contact materials for low voltage contactors and W-Cu electrical contact materials for medium voltage interrupters. These electrical contact materials have an essential role in life span of the products in which they are used. Make and breaks operations results in the creation of an electrical arc which erode the surface of the contacts. The materials used from their elaboration to their assembly on the final product are an important industrial stake. The general purpose is to optimize the elaboration step of these powders by high energy milling then the sintering step by conventionnal and spark plasma sintering routes in order to improve the electrical performances of the contacts. The high energy milling of the materials enables to achieve nanostructured materials with fine dispersion of the tin oxide or the copper on the silver or tungsten matrix. Spark plasma sintering is an innovative and interesting way to densify this kind of materials. Contacts with relative density upper 95% have been obtained. A performance saving of 30% has been obtained for two electrical properties, erosion and non welding properties for the contacts sintered by SPS]
Minier, Ludivine. "Influence du frittage « flash » sur l'obtention de nanostructures dans des systèmes métalliques et céramiques." Dijon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DIJOS080.
Full textNon conventional sintering processes, gathered under the appellation “FLASH”, allow to elaborate dense materials while limiting the powder grain growth. However, the control of the bulk microstructure requires the comprehension of the mechanisms implied during the sintering. So, it is necessary to apprehend the electric current effect on the sintering. The electric current distribution in the system, composed of the die, the punches and the sample, depends on the sample electric and thermal conductivity, the sintering conditions, the tools characteristics… The study is realised by comparing the sintering of an electric conducting material (nickel) mainly heated by Joule effect and an electric insulating material (alumina) heated, in this case, by thermal energy transfer. The sample microstructure is correlated with the electric power delivered by the SPS apparatus and with the electric and thermal characteristics of the sample and the tool. In addition, the scale effect is approached in order to control the sample microstructure, independently of its dimension. Finally, the industrial interest of the “FLASH” sintering process is evaluated through the improving of bulk properties and the feasibility to sinter two samples simultaneously while controlling their microstructure
Douidah, Abdelkader. "Stabilité en milieu aqueux des catalyseurs métalliques supportés." Poitiers, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998POIT2277.
Full textBen-Othmane, Samir. "Influence de la vapeur d'eau et de l'étain sur la stabilisation des phases de la zircone et sur sa densification par frittage." Limoges, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIMO0194.
Full textParis, Sébastien. "Mécanismes réactionnels induits par frittage " flash " réactif activé mécaniquement : application au système Fe / Al." Dijon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005DIJOS059.
Full textThe understanding of reaction mechanisms during Mechanically-Activated Pressure-Assisted Field-Activated Synthesis Technics to elaborate FeAl intermetallics are presented. The pertinent parameters at each step of the process were determined to elaborate a compound without texture, dense, with a fine microstructure and a limited gradiant of chemical composition and/or degree of order at the nanoscale. Origins of these gradiants were determined by reactions mechanisms study (in-situ and ex-situ) and confirmed by thermal stability and properties studies. Thermal stability study permitted to give explanations about origins of intrinsec characteristics evolutions until a process temperature of 1100°C. Promising results of these materials in corrosion resistance (agressive media: oxidant at high temperature or acid media) or microhardness measurement were demonstrated during preliminary study of properties at the globale and locale scales
Leclerc, Hugo. "Modélisation, simulations et expérimentations des processus d'agglomération et densification de poudres : application au frittage sélectif par laser." Besançon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BESA2056.
Full textSaadi, Mohammed. "Elaboration, compactage et frittage de poudres amorphes chimiques NiP." Metz, 1996. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1996/Saadi.Mohammed.SMZ9648.pdf.
Full textWe have elaborated five powders of NiP with 8% at P et 17% at P. The chemical and physical parameters are kept constant except concentration of phosphorus into bath. The powders obtained with this new technique are identified amorphous with X rays. We have tried to caracterize behaviour of different powder during uniaxial compacting stage. There are two stages during compaction, the first one for low pressure compacting (300 à 600 MPa) when the aprticles of powder undergo arrangement, second stage for high pressure was attributed to the plastic deformation of powder particles. Stereology made it possible to caracterize internal structure, to describe behaviour, physics and mechanics properties of conglomerate of powder compacted till ultimate of sinttering. During temperature rising, we have attained 95% of theorical density for all compacted at high pressure. We could bring to the fore one transition of amorphous-crystal phase at 300°C with measurements of electrical resistivity for all compacted, second transition became visible at 500°C for powder at 12% at P and 17% at P who cristalization it made of two stages, precipitation of Ni then Ni3P and growth within material. Vickers Microhardness and Young module evolved well with rising temperature
Bellanger, Pierre. "Etude d'un procédé de recristallisation de plaquettes de silicium fritté pour la réalisation de cellules solaires photovoltaïques." Lyon, INSA, 2010. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2010ISAL0115/these.pdf.
Full textToday in the field of photovoltaics the various stages of manufacture of silicon waters are prohibitively expensive, mainly due to high consumption of energy and raw materials. Approximately 50% of the silicon is lest du ring the step of sawing the ingots and among different technologies explored that avoid this step the sintering of silicon powder is highly promising for producing large-area wafers. The company S'TlLE, located in Poitiers, is developing a new two-stage wafer fabrication process comprising a sintering stage based on the compression of silicon powder, and a high temperature recrystallization stage which is necessary to obtain a crystal structure suited to the production of photovoltaic cells. In this thesis, the sample is recrystallized by ZMR (zone melting recrystallization) or FWR (full wafer recrystallization). Initially, a structural and chemical characterization of the material is made. The electrical characteristics of the material are then measured, and the mobility reaches values of 150 and 250 250 cm². V⁻¹. S⁻¹ respectively on samples recrystallized by FWR and ZMR. The p-type doping is 5 * 3 * 10¹⁶ and 10 3*10¹⁷ at/cm ³. The lifetime reaches values of about one microsecond. After the fabrication of cells, an efficiency of 8. 9% is obtained using a simplified process without texturing. Other analyses such as spectral response, thermal imaging and measurement of Suns-Voc are also carried out
Bounhoure, Valérie. "Frittage en phase solide des alliages WC-Co : influence du rapport C/W et de l'ajout de Cr." Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPG0115.
Full textThis work aims at understanding the effect of the C/W ratio and of Cr addition on the solid-state sintering of WC-Co cemented carbides. Four alloys with low or high C-content and with or without Cr were studied from the macroscopic to the atomic scale. A macroscopic study was done to determine the different steps of sintering, the evolution of the phases in the alloys and the effect of the C/W ratio and of a Cr addition on the densification. Qualitative and quantitative microscopic observations were performed at three important stages of the densification of the alloys. They were linked to the shrinkage behaviour of the alloys. Finally, the influence of the C/W ratio on the beginning of the densification was explained through a detailed study of the WC/Co interface structure related to interface-energy calculations coming from literature. The orientation between Co and WC was determined and the interfaces were characterized at the atomic scale
Guyot, Pierre. "Frittage SPS de matériaux céramiques et métalliques : étude des phénomènes électromagnétiques associés et comparaison avec le frittage sous charge par modélisation analytique." Limoges, 2013. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/32041aa0-2662-4bfc-8652-4f8907ec9c27/blobholder:0/2013LIMO4061.pdf.
Full textTwo approaches were applied to verify the existence of specific phenomena in Spark Plasma Sintering. The first one involves the isothermal study of densification kinetics of a sub-micrometric alpha alumina powder of high purity. The validity domain of Bernard-Granger's model was studied for load and temperatures ranging between 20 and 50 MPa and between 900 and 1050̊ C, respectively. The comparison of the experimental results with the model revealed a drastic variability of the stress exponent, which means an abnormal evolution of mechanisms controlling the densification. A new model has therefore been developed which takes into account the radial and tangential components of the stress. The mechanisms determinated for HP and SPS have been compared. It has been shown that the main mechanism involved the fragmentation of alumina grains, accompanied by intergranular sliding in both cases. However, the higher heating rate in the case of SPS could suppress the superficial diffusion phenomena. The second approach deals with the study of the electromagnetic effects which could be involved during the first stages of the SPing of metals. A specific device was built in the laboratory to simulate the effects of an electromagnetic wave on the insulating/conductive state of a green sample. The influence of the shape of the current wave on the evolution of the green sample conductivity was studied. This work shows that the native oxide layer of the grain surfaces is damaged by the dielectric breakdown caused by the electromagnetic wave (Branly effect)
Thomazic, Aurélie. "Elaboration de multimatériaux multifonctionnels par métallurgie des poudres : mécanismes de frittage de bimatériaux." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPG0005.
Full textThe processing of multifunctional multimaterials by powder metallurgy is useful to combine complementary properties and reduce the production cycle. A model Fe base/WC base bimaterial, with only three chemical elements, was studied to understand bimaterial sintering and develop a protocol to study the sintering of bimaterials. The protocol is based on physic-chemical approach, monomaterial sintering then bimaterial sintering. These results were applied to the sintering of X120Mn12 steel/carbide bimaterial with toughness and hardness properties. The same protocol was used to process the sintering of 1. 4313 steel/Stellite 6 bimaterial, with mechanical and corrosion resistance properties. This work draws attention to the impact of chemical and mechanical interactions at the interface of a bimaterial during sintering
Thomazic, Aurélie. "Elaboration de multimatériaux multifonctionnels par métallurgie des poudres – Mécanismes de frittage de bimatériaux." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00468835.
Full textRabu, Béatrice. "Contribution à l'étude de l'hydroxyapatite frittée : préparation et propriétés mécaniques du composite particulaire Ca₅(PO₄)₃(OH)-Ca₂SiO₄ : création de micropores par frittage sous pression." Grenoble INPG, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPG0118.
Full textThe objective of the study is to improve the mechanical strength of sintered HAP. The applications of this attractive biomaterial are restricted by the brittle nature of the ceramic. Martensitic transformation toughening by particules of dicalcium silicate is investigated. The study is devoted to the preparation, microstrucutral analysis and mechanical properties of the particulate composite HAP-10%Ca₂SiO₄. The influence of the stoichiometry of the material (Ca/P ratio) is also outlined. Natural sintering (T=1300°C) and hot-pressing (T=1100°C) of hte composite are compared. Diffusion in both sintering methods leads to the formation of a third phase: silicocarnotite and also to the stabilization of Ca₂SiO₄, which may inhibit the martensitic transformation. The study also reveals the creation of microporosities in apatite by hot-pressing through water vapor pression
Le, Hô Anne-Solenn. "Effet de l'adjonction de bore sur les mécanismes de frittage de poudres d'un superalliage base nickel : application aux procédés de brasage-diffusion pour le rechargement de pièces des turbines aéronautiques." Poitiers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003POIT2263.
Full textThis work deals with the development of new braze powders, called "monocomponent" powders, by mechanical milling. The configuration of such powders implies they are made of nickel-based superalloy particles (Astroloy), whose the surface is sown by boron. During a convenient thermal process, this adjunction of boron has to lead to the formation of a nickel-boron-cobalt eutectic liquid phase possible, thanks to rapid interdiffusion of boron, cobalt and nickel base. The aim is to obtain filler powders more homogeneous, compared to the powders at the moment used (RBD powders : blend of Astroloy and NiCoSiB powders). Then it should be possible to get a better control on the residual eutectic phase fraction, the main inconvenient of such phase being to lower local mechanical properties in repair and joining. Another economic advantage hoped with the "monocomponent" powders is the reduction of costs, made possible by the suppression of extensive NiCoSiB powders utilisation. Furthermore from a more fundamental point of view, it is interesting to study the behaviour during the sintering of "monocomponent" powders, particularly by understanding the part of boron in sintering and densification mechanisms. This approach is considered as a required way to specify conditions of self-brazing preforms production, this point is the second industrial aim of this study. The conditions of "monocomponent" powders implementation in surfacing and joining processes, which is one of the Snecma-Services important research and development field, were also studied. Joint strength of assemblies achieved by insertion of paste or self-brazing preforms has been also studied by creep tests
Saliou, Françoise. "Matériaux supraconducteurs en technologie couches épaisses pour applications aux circuits micro-ondes : analyse des comportements." Brest, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BRES2011.
Full textThe aim of this work is the elaboration of YBCO superconducting thick film on substrates mainly YSZ. The technical deposit choice is screen-printing for its simplicty and because it is already overcome in industry. YBCO thick films were prepared by screen printing an ink, obtained by mixing YBCO powder in an organic binder, on the Y2O3-stabilized zirconia polycristalline substrates. The experimental study is based on the optimisation of the deposit technique,ink prepration, thermal treatments. We presented the results of a detailed invetsigation of the effects of two temperatures profiles on the properties (classical sintering and Melt Processed Technique). It was observed that these prpoerties are governed by the microstructure of YBCO ant the orientation factor (texturation). The peritectic mix of YBa2Cu3O7-8+BaCuO2+CuO gives interseting results for all tested YBCO compositions
Marchionni, Christian. "Etude phénoménologique du frittage des alliages lourds W-Ni-Fe à partir de facteurs géométriques (poudres) et chimiques (additions de Co et de Mn)." Grenoble INPG, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INPG0118.
Full textRaharijaona, Jean-Joël. "Elaboration de matériaux w-Cu à gradient de propriétés fonctionnelles (FGM) par métallurgie des poudres : application en tant que composants face au plasma de machines de fusion thermonucléaire de type Iter." Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPG0123.
Full textThe aim of this study was to study and optimize the sintering of W-Cu graded composition materials, for first wall of Iter-like thermonuclear reactor application. The graded composition in the material leads to the functionally graded material (FGM). It was shown the interest to use W-Cu FGM to improve the lifetime of plasma facing components (PCF), by performing simplified thermomechanical calculations. To process W-Cu FGM, powder metallurgy route was analyzed and optimized from W-CuO sintering helped specify mixtures. The interest to reduce the oxides on the sintering of W-Cu powder mixtures was highlightied. An optimal heating treatment under He/H2 atmosphere was defined for W-Cu sintering. The effect of the Cu-content on W-Cu sintering helped specify the sintering mechanisms. The study of W-Cu FGM sintering and differential grain size revealed two liquid migration steps. These two steps were confirmed by using a model of capillary pressure calculation
Charmond, Sylvain. "Développement d'un four micro-ondes monomode et frittage de poudres céramique et métallique." Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPG0115.
Full textFor almost 30 years, microwave processing has been applied to sinter various ceramic powders, and most recently to sinter metallic powdered parts. However, such heating process, which results from the absorption of an oscillating electromagnetic field, remains not fully understood. A single-mode microwave cavity was developed for a better understanding of the microwave/material interactions. In this furnace, the green parts can be heated up under predominent electric or magnetic field. A new microwave heating procedure was proposed to control a thermal cycle. Microwave sintering of ceramic (yttria-doped zirconia 2Y-TZP) and metallic (pure nickel) powders was compared to conventional processing. The effects of the electromagnetic field on the kinetics of densification and on the microstructure development were analysed and discussed
Lance, Dominique. "Frittage de l'alumine alpha submicronique : nouvelle relation dilatométrie/évolution microstructurale." Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EMSEA004.
Full textThe microstructural evolutions of pure and doped (Mg, Ti, Zr or Y) submicronic a alumina green bodies have been monitored during overall sintering under non-isothermal conditions with a simple and fast method. Densification rate curves as a function of relative density are definitely more suitable for the description of microstructural evolution than shrinkage rate as a function of temperature. The shape of those curves is very sensitive to initial microstructure (agglomeration state, pore size / particle size ratio) and heating schedule (pre-heating treatment, variation of heating rate). A simple dilatometric run with a modified heating rate is suggested to control the quality of the initial alumina powder
Azzouz, Fayçal. "Frittage de mélanges de poudres d'alumine sous champ micro-onde." Toulouse, INPT, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPT016H.
Full textChausse, Claire. "Etude du frittage en phase solide d'un alliage base tungstène. Influence du broyage des poudres." Limoges, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIMO0038.
Full textGirard, Erick. "Frittage du dioxyde d'uranium en présence d'hétérogénéités : caractérisation de l'évolution microstructurale." Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EMSE0007.
Full textThe present study aims to quantify the local effects of heterogeneities on the sintering of their surrounding microstructure, in the case of ceramic materials applied in nuclear fuels. Specific materials, containing different kinds of heterogeneities (large pores, dense or porous aggregates) are prepared and sintered. Thus, the materials are characterized in the vicinity of likely isolated heterogeneities. Local microstructural information is extracted by image processing for different points of the sintering stage. The range of the heterogeneity influence on the matrix is then evaluated, and the interactions between the matrix and the inclusion can be precised. Mechanisms of densification are finally proposed, and different ways of modelling the sintering with heterogeneities are pointed out
Regaieg, Yassine. "Synthèse par frittage flash réactif de manganites magnétocaloriques pour application domestique." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077115.
Full textThe goal of this work was to synthesize manganites by an original method, Reactive Spark Plasma Sintering (R-SPS), and to study their structural, microstructural, magnetic, and magnetocaloric properties with the constant concern to correlate the synthesis conditions to the measured characteristics. The synthesis method bas been developed and optimized for the LaMnO₃ compound before being applied to the doped derivatives La₀,₆₇Ca₀,₃₃₋xSrxMnO₃ et La₀,₈₅Na₀,₁₅₋xKxMnO₃, obtained by partial substitution on site A of the perovskite. All the manganites are obtained in less than half an hour, at temperatures from 800 to 1000°C. They are dense and composed of fine grains (about 100 nm). Their structure is similar to those obtained by the ceramic route but XANES studies on the compound doped with calcium have shown that the ratio Mn3+/Mn4+ is higher because of the reducing conditions of the SPS. Magnetic measurements revealed the formation of ferromagnetic manganese clusters in the paramagnetic regime. Our materials have a lower magnetization compared to the micrometric grain-sized compounds obtained by the ceramic route but this lower value is compensated by a broadening of the para to ferromagnetic transition, resulting in similar relative cooling powers (RCP). For the best Systems, La₀,₆₇Ca₀,₁₈₋Sr₀,₁₅MnO₃ and La₀,₈₅Na₀,₁₅MnO₃,, the RCP values under 5T around room temperature are 78-77% of that observed for gadolinium, making them good candidates for domestic magnetic refrigeration and economically advantageous
Blidi, Abdelkader. "Frittage et réactivité des solides : réexamen des modèles cinétiques de l'étape initiale du frittage et des lois de variation isotherme de surface." Dijon, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988DIJOS015.
Full textSow, Alioune. "Étude de la purification des poudres de silicium destinées à la fabrication de substrats frittés pour des applications photovoltaïques." Poitiers, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011POIT2316.
Full textThe major challenge facing the photovoltaic industry is to find ways to produce solar cells with high conversion efficiency and low production cost. The manufacture of silicon substrates for photovoltaic applications by sintering silicon powders is one of promising solutions for this challenge. These sintered substrates can be used directly after a recrystallization step as active layer of the solar cell. Prepared from silicon powder metallurgical grade (Si-MG), they can also serve as substrates for crystalline silicon thin-film (c-Si TF) solar cells. However, the metallic impurities present in the substrate can diffuse into the active layer during the different thermal steps involved in the cell production and thus degrade the performance. Furthermore, an important oxygen impurity can affect the mechanical strength of the substrates and limit its electrical conductivity. The main objective of these thesis works is the development and optimization of a purification process of the powders and sintered silicon and to understand the physical and chemical processes that control the reaction. During this work, optimal conditions for preparation and treatment minimizing silicon powders oxidation have been found. This allows obtaining a good mechanical strength of sintered and so to implement the purification reactions including oxidation is an obstacle major. The development of a technique for purifying metallurgical silicon powders in solid state in the presence of chlorine gas allows reducing by over 90% the metallic impurities initially present in the powder. Some impurities such as Ti and Mn are reduced drastically already at 900°C while the reduction iron (Fe) concentrations for example, is more effective from 1100° C. The out-diffusion model developed was used to predict the evolution of the impurities content in the powders and to understand the removal mechanisms of these impurities. The development of experimental protocols to minimize sources of contamination during the sintering process has led to a reduction in the concentration of light elements (C, O) in the sintered material of 95%. We also know that recrystallization treatment through the melting of the sintered material dramatically reduces the levels of impurities in the substrate; this heat treatment used to improve the crystalline quality allows in particular reducing the levels of oxygen and metallic impurities. Contrariwise carbon and doping impurities do not change after recrystallization. Finally realizing solar cells on sintered substrates obtained by using the protocols of powders preparation and the treatments of recrystallization, we have shown that the sintered substrates allow obtaining functional solar cells
Brochin, Frédéric. "Nanocomposites bismuth-silice : élaboration, caractérisation microstructurale et propriétés de transport." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPL015N.
Full textRebeyrat, Stéphane. "Influence d'un traitement de phosphatation sur le comportement en oxydation haute température et sur la consolidation par compression uniaxiale et frittage de poudres de fer." La Rochelle, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LAROS091.
Full textIn order to prevent corrosion, surface coatings or treatments can only be effective if they cover uniformly the surface to be protected. Any surface deterioration can be very prejudicial. Within the techniques of powder metallurgy, it is possible to permute two stages of the process. If the treatment is carried out on a metal powder before compaction, one can obtain the equivalent of a inner treatment of the material. This study was devoted to the influence of a phosphatizing treatment on consolidation and on the behavior against high temperature oxidation of iron powders. The various elements making possible to characterize the coating (XRD, XPS and TEM) showed that this one had a low thickness and an amorphous structure made up of long polyphosphate chains connected between them by iron ions. In the range of 250ʿC-700ʿC and under artificial air, the treatment of phosphatizing clearly slows down the oxidation kinetics of iron powders. Two distinct stages are clearly highlighted. The deceleration of the oxidation of phosphated powders occurs only during the initial stage during which the formation haematite -Fe2O3 is favored. The second stage follows a process close to the oxidation of untreated iron. The oxidation of compacted and sintered agglomerates reveals that the initial treatment of phosphatizing gets an improvement of oxidation resistance less significant compared with the massive or powder samples. Nevertheless no modification of behavior during compaction can be detected when the powder grains are treated. Moreover, the apparent mechanical properties of the agglomerates increase in this last case. During sintering, the phosphate coating plays a role of a binder which involves a reinforcement of the mechanical characteristics
Ajdour, Mounia. "Développement d'un code de calcul pour la simulation du frittage en phase solide." Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EMSE0039.
Full textThis work concerns a numerical study for the simulation of the evolution of two grains during solid state sintering. In a first step, a bibliographical study of sintering with the various numerical and analytical models is presented. This study allowed the development of a model, which takes into account the various mechanisms of diffusion (volume diffusion, grain boundary and surface diffusion), with like terms sources the gradient of chemical potential, therefore by considering the radii of curvatures the driving forces of sintering. The mechanical behavior of the grains is considered elastic in all the temperature range of the cycle of sintering. The discretization of the whole of the physical equations of the problem was made by the finite element method (3D) for elasticity, and by the method of the finite volume (2D) for the problem of the interfaces. Finally the first 3D simulations of two grains of identical size were carried. These simulations raised discussions and proposals for the improvement of certain points, which will allow the complete validation of this computer code
Lafon, Jean-Philippe. "Synthèse, stabilité thermique et frittage d'hydroxyapatites carbonatées." Limoges, 2004. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/01944990-650e-4d4b-8a6b-6fb386bd453c/blobholder:0/2004LIMO0007.pdf.
Full textSingle-phased B-type carbonated apatites (substitution of phosphate ions by carbonate ions) Ca10-xx(PO4)6-x(CO3)x(OH)2-xx (with 0 £ x £ 2) were synthesised by precipitation in aqueous media with regulated pH and temperature conditions, in order to produce bone substitutes. The ratio of carbonate substitution in the apatite was controlled by the carbonate to phosphorus (C/P) molar ratio of reagents and increased with it. Powders were single phased of apatitic structure if (C/P) did not exceed 1. For higher values, the synthesis led to a biphasic precipitate CaCO3 or CaO and apatite. The decarbonatation reaction under partial pressures of water vapour, CO2 and inert gas was governed by a bivariant equilibrium. It implies an apatitic solid solution made of two constituents and a secondary phase of CaCO3 or CaO. Thermodynamically, the decarbonatation reaction depended only on the partial pressure of CO2 and on the initial composition of the apatite. However, the reaction is catalysed by water vapour. In the same time but independently of the B sites decarbonatation equilibrium, depending on the temperature, partial pressures of CO2 and H2O the A sites ("hydroxide" sites) can loss or gain carbonate or hydroxide ions according to a trivariant system of two equilibria between three constituents of an apatite solid solution. A partial pressure of CO2 in the sintering atmosphere allowed to prevent the decarbonatation of the B sites at temperatures authorizing the densification of the materials. So, the different compositions synthesised in this study could be densified beyond 95%. The sintering temperature decreased when the carbonate substitution ratio in B sites of the apatite increased, but raised when the carbonate substitution ratio in A sites augmented. The presence of water vapour in the sintering atmosphere enhanced the sintering by inhibiting A sites carbonatation
Gréard, Traut Elisabeth. "Compréhension des mécanismes de frittage réactif de céramiques à liaison sialon." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ECAP0863.
Full textAl, Jebawi Kassem. "Frittage du polyoxyméthylène et de ses composites : protocole, caractérisation mécanique et structurale." Lyon, INSA, 2005. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2005ISAL0045/these.pdf.
Full textPolyoxymethylene (POM) is a semi-crystalline thermoplastic polymer. It is used in many industrial applications which need a good rigidity and an abrasion resistance formatting of this polymer by injection poses certain technical problems such as the anisotropy shrinkable, thermochemical degradation and great fluidity in a molten state. Our work consisted in formatting the POM by powder sintering at the solid state. The objective of this work was mainly to optimize the process of sintering by establishing relations between the mechanical properties of sintering material and the parameters of the process, and by comparing these properties with those of same material formatted by molding at the molten state. An structural characterization was carried out with an aim of understanding at the same time the mechanisms of sintering and the changes of properties between sintering materials and molded material. The mechanical results of static sintering were also compared with those of the compaction at high speed. Two composites with matrix POM were also studied. Alumina was used as mechanical reinforcement and the PTFE for the improvement of the tribological properties
Palmero, Paola. "Développement de nanocomposites céramiques à base d'oxydes par sol-gel." Lyon, INSA, 2005. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2005ISAL0001/these.pdf.
Full textThe aim of the work is the production of ceramic nanocomposites. The experimental work was performed on the composite system Al2O3/Y3Al5O12 (YAG). In a first time, the powder syntheses parameters have been optimized and the pure phases were differently characterised. The pure YAG phase was deeply investigated and the effect of the synthesis temperature on the phases evolution and on the final product homogeneity was studied. In addition, the crystallisation kinetic was investigated for this material. Secondly, the sintering behaviour of the composite material was studied with the result of the production of a highly homogeneous material with a mean grain size of 1 micron. After thermal and mechanical pre-treatments, it was possible to significantly decrease the sintering temperature with the results of the production of fully dense material having nanosized final phases (mean grain size of 300 nm)
Azar, Mirella. "Mise en forme et frittage des poudres de céramique nanostructurées : cas d'une alumine de transistion." Lyon, INSA, 2009. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2009ISAL0065/these.pdf.
Full textThe purpose of this study is to produce a fully dense nanostructured alumina ceramics from transition alumina nanopowders, via natural sintering. This alumina is metastable and this metastability may have a critical influence on the sintering behaviour. Furthermore, the transformation into the stable phase is indeed accompanied by vermicular microstructures entrapping a high proportion of intragranular pores. The effect of two forming method, i) cold isostatic pressing and ii) slip casting, on particle packing and the consequent effects on densification, phase transformation, sintering have been studied. For the same initial green density (62 % ±1 %), the samples prepared by slip casting present a better homogeneity of particle packing, du to an optimal dispersion of particles in the slurry. This initial microstructure feature improves the particle rearrangement during the transition to the -alumina and hence enhances the transformation to the thermodynamic stable phase. This rearrangement results in better densification of the compact, which then promotes the sintering of -alumina. Despite the enhancement in the density for the slip casted compact (98 %) by comparison to the pressed one (79 %), the microstructure obtained have a grain size larger than 1 µm. In order to reduce the final grain size, sintering parameters were optimised by studying the effect of heating rate and treatment at lower temperature. It was shown that the formation of vermicular microstructure, which the presence hinders the densification, can be avoided during the phase transformation. This is possible by a heat treatment at low temperature (950 °C) on a slip casted compact. A compact of -alumina with a high density (58%) and small particle size (~30 nm) (same as the initial size of the powder) was obtained. The sintering of alumina with vermicular microstructure or small particles (~30 nm) gives a final microstructure with a density of 98 % and grain size of 2 µm whatever the sintering trajectory for the same particle packing
Farget, Claude. "Etude et réalisation d'un banc pré-industriel de fabrication de coupleurs à fibres par fusion-étirage." Saint-Etienne, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997STET4014.
Full textAman, Yann. "Spark plasma sintering mechanisms of alpha-alumina (α-Al2O3) nanopowders." Lyon, INSA, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ISAL0128.
Full textL‘intérêt technologique que présentent les matériaux nanostructurés a permis l‘émergence au cours de ces dernières années du procédé de frittage flash « SPS » (Spark Plasma Sintering). A l‘origine de ce procédé, il a été supposé par ses inventeurs que l‘application d‘un courant pulsé puisse générer une décharge plasma entre les particules du matériau pulvérulent, favorisant ainsi la création de ponts à des températures faibles et accélérant les phénomènes de diffusion de matière à l‘origine de la densification à basse température. Cette hypothèse de l‘existence de plasma ou de quelconque autre effet SPS n‘a jamais été vérifiée, bien que les possibilités offertes par le SPS soient avérées. L‘objectif de cette thèse a été d‘étudier les mécanismes de frittage SPS de nanopoudres d‘alumine alpha. L‘alumine polycristalline alpha, matériau céramique modèle largement étudié dans le frittage traditionnel, possède d‘excellentes propriétés mécaniques et optiques quand la densité du matériau fritté est proche de sa valeur théorique, et que la taille de grain est submicronique. Dans un premier temps, du point de vue appliqué, cette étude a permis de caractériser, grâce à des outils statistiques puissants, l‘influence de la combinaison d‘un grand nombre de paramètres SPS (taux de chauffage, température, durée de palier) ainsi que de la mise en forme du compact cru sur l‘évolution de la densité et de la taille de grains au cours du frittage, et ses conséquences sur les propriétés optiques. Ceci a permis l‘obtention d‘alumine polycristalline de translucidité élevée. Dans un second temps, du point de vue fondamental, l‘objectif a été d‘élucider les mécanismes physico-chimiques intervenant sur les cinétiques de densification et grossissement de grain. Il a ainsi été démontré, grâce à des analyses microstructurales par microscopie électronique, que les chemins de frittage sont influencés par la vitesse de chauffage, et que la densification à basse température est guidée par des mécanismes rapides de diffusion aux joints de grains. Tandis qu‘à haute température, la densification semble contrôlée par des mécanismes lents de diffusion tels que la diffusion en volume et le glissement au joint de grain. Des analyses dilatométriques ont permis de mettre en évidence l‘influence de la nature des pulses de courant sur le développement microstructural au cours du frittage. Des analyses spectroscopiques de temps de vie de positrons ont permis de caractériser la concentration en défauts ponctuels en fonction du taux de chauffage. Enfin, l‘effet du courant pulsé sur le mécanisme de création des ponts au stade initial du frittage SPS a pu être caractérisé
Derbouz, Draoua Abdelkrim. "Etude du frittage du silicium pour application aux cellules solaires photovoltaïques." Poitiers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006POIT2331.
Full textOlmos, Navarrete Luis Rafael. "Étude du frittage de poudres par microtomographie in situ et modélisation discrète." Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPG0006.
Full textSolid state sintering of powders is investigated by miscellaneous experimental and modelling methods. Densification kinetics of several systems based on copper powders is first measured by dilatometry. These materials are next observed by in situ microtomography at Grenoble synchrotron. From quantitative analysis of the 3D images obtained, the parameters characterizing their microstructural changes are followed throughout sintering. Modelling of the sintering of the same materials are finally achieved with dp3D discrete element code, which simulates random assemblies of particles interacting at the contacts between each other. The conjunction of experimental and numerical allows evaluating the influence of collective phenomena, as rearrangement, in relation with material heterogeneities (particle size distribution, packing defects ans inert inclusions) on the sintering process
Dessieux, Roger. "Élaboration d'aciers au chrome par métallurgie des poudres." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112208.
Full textRoussel, Nicolas. "Optimisation du dopage d'alumines nanométriques et frittage par SPS : application aux céramiques transparentes." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1964/.
Full textAbstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of small amounts of various dopants (La2O3, ZrO2 and MgO) on the sintering of ultra-pure alpha alumina to optimize the microstructure of ceramics after SPS sintering SPS to obtain transparent alumina. We showed that La2O3 and ZrO2 doping delayed the densification while this was not the case of MgO. When observing by MET ceramics doped with La2O3, second phases were detected from 300 ppm La/Al at triple points and from 600 ppm La/Al at grain boundaries. The appearance of a second phase was not desired as it led to a gradient of refractive index and increased the light scattering. So in our first study with lyophilized powder of 150 nm from a suspension Baikowski, we found that all the dopants allowed a reduction in grain size and improved optical properties, the most promising being La2O3. Due to the morphology of the powder, a maximum transparency of 53 % was obtained with this powder. In a second study, we have chosen a finer optimized powder (80 nm) and with a more isotropic morphology. The use of this one improved green bodies and lower sintering temperature yielded ceramics with smaller grain sizes (250 nm) and improved optical properties (66 %). Doping the powder with La2O3, a transparency of about 70% could be achieved, very close to the best reported in literature by HIP (71%)
Gendron, Damien. "Étude numérique et expérimentale du frittage à l'échelle du grain." Bordeaux 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR16007.
Full textGendron, Damien. "Étude numérique et expérimentale du frittage à l'échelle du grain." Bordeaux 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR10516.
Full textThibaut, Michalet. "Élaboration par frittage-réaction de céramiques en alumine et en mullite." Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50376-1999-481.pdf.
Full textKessler, Olivier. "Alliages réfractaires résistants à la corrosion par le verre fondu : synthèse et caractérisation." Nancy 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NAN10311.
Full textSynthesis of refractory base alloys by sintering or inductive melting : optimisation of the methods and characterization of these alloys. Evaluation of some physical and chemical properties at 1300°C : - isothermal oxidation resistance in air, (thermogravimetry) - dynamic corrosion resistance in molten glass, (turning finger test) - creeping resistance. (creeping in flexion with three or four contact points)
Taha, Rachid. "Caractérisation de catalyseurs bimétalliques PtRh/Al2O3 et PtRh/CeO2-Al2O3 de post-combustion automobile." Poitiers, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994POIT2260.
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