Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / Frog muscle physiology

Contents

Journal articles
Dissertations / Theses
Books
Book chapters
Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Frog muscle physiology'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Frog muscle physiology.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Frog muscle physiology"

1

Venosa, Roque A., and Basilio A. Kotsias. "Potassium movements in denervated frog sartorius muscle." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 248, no. 3 (March 1, 1985): C217—C227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1985.248.3.c217.

Full text

Abstract:

The movement of42K+across the sarcolemma and the resting membrane potential ( VM) of normal and denervated frog sartorius muscle were studied under several experimental conditions in preparations initially equilibrated in 100 mM K+and 219 mM Cl-. The results can be summarized as follows. 1) In the absence of any driving force on K+, i.e., when the difference between VMand the K+equilibrium potential ( EK) is zero ( VM- EK= 0), the K+conductance ( gK) was 368 ΜS·cm-2in control and 282 ΜS·cm-2in denervated muscle. 2) The reduced gK of denervated muscles results from the addition of the opposite changes in the conductances of a Rb+-sensitive inward rectifying pathway ( gIR), which decreases, and a Rb+-insensitive linear channel ( gL), which increases. Thus in control muscles gK(368 ΜS·cm-2) equals gIR(359 ΜS·cm-2) plus gL(9 ΜS·cm-2), while in denervated muscles gK(282 ΜS·cm-2) equals gIR(198 ΜS·cm-2) plus gL(84 ΜS·cm-2). 3) Denervation significantly reduces the inward rectifying properties of the resting K+permeability system. In the presence of outward driving forces on K+( VM- EK> 0) of 35-50 mV, the Rb+-sensitive inward rectifier channel appears to close completely in both control and denervated muscles. In the latter, however, the effect was not as well maintained as in the former, suggesting that its closing mechanism might be altered by denervation. 4) No changes were observed during the first 2 wk after denervation.sarcolemma; resting potential; K+equilibrium potential; K+conductanceSubmitted on July 25, 1983Accepted on July 11, 1984

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Williams, Jay H., and William S. Barnes. "Extracellular calcium and the inotropic effect of epinephrine on frog skeletal muscle." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 67, no. 12 (December 1, 1989): 1574–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y89-252.

Full text

Abstract:

The purpose of these experiments was to determine if extracellular calcium plays an important role in mediating the inotropic effect of epinephrine in isolated frog sartorius muscle. Initial experiments indicated that epinephrine potentiated the muscle twitch in a concentration-dependent manner with concentrations of 10 μM to 1 mM, increasing peak tension by approximately 33%. To inhibit the influx of extracellular calcium, muscles were incubated for 20 min in media containing epinephine in which calcium had been removed and replaced by magnesium or EDTA, or in experimental media containing epinephrine and the calcium channel blockers D-600 or diltiazem (5 μM). Each experimental condition was found to antagonize the effects of epinephrine such that peak twitch tensions were not significantly different from the control. When muscles were returned to normal Ringer's solution containing epinephrine, twitches exhibited progressive potentiation. Muscles were also incubated for 20 min in epinephrine without stimulation. Once stimulation was resumed, twitches were not immediately potentiated but rather gradually increased over time. These results suggest that the inotropic effects of epinephrine are influenced by the influx of extracellular calcium, an event that is dependent on muscle activation.Key words: epinephrine, skeletal muscle contraction, extracellular calcium, calcium antagonists, twitch potentiation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Ridings, J. W., S. R. Barry, and J. A. Faulkner. "Aminophylline enhances contractility of frog skeletal muscle: an effect dependent on extracellular calcium." Journal of Applied Physiology 67, no. 2 (August 1, 1989): 671–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1989.67.2.671.

Full text

Abstract:

The effects of aminophylline (10–500 microM) on isometric twitch and tetanic forces were studied in vitro on frog semitendinosus muscle. Two hypotheses were tested: 1) that micromolar concentrations of aminophylline enhanced contractility of isolated skeletal muscle and 2) that the potentiating effect of aminophylline was dependent on the presence of extracellular calcium ions. Muscles were removed, placed in aerated Ringer solution at 20 degrees C, attached to a force transducer, and stimulated directly. Muscles in normal Ringer and aminophylline Ringer were compared throughout the frequency-force relationship from twitches to maximum tetanic force. Aminophylline increased twitch force significantly at concentrations as low as 25 microM. Over a range of stimulation frequencies, but especially at 10 and 20 Hz, aminophylline increased tetanic force. The potentiating effect of aminophylline (100 microM) was reduced or eliminated in calcium-free Ringer containing 10 mM magnesium. We conclude that aminophylline, at therapeutic concentrations, enhances muscle contractility, and the enhancement is dependent on the presence of extracellular calcium. These findings support the concept that aminophylline is effective in improving respiration in humans with airway obstruction by enhancing diaphragmatic contractility.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Caputo, C., and P. Bolaños. "Ultraslow contractile inactivation in frog skeletal muscle fibers." Journal of General Physiology 96, no. 1 (July 1, 1990): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.96.1.47.

Full text

Abstract:

After a contracture response, skeletal muscle fibers enter into a state of contractile refractoriness or inactivation. Contractile inactivation starts soon after membrane depolarization, and causes spontaneous relaxation from the contracture response. Here we demonstrate that contractile inactivation continues to develop for tens of seconds if the membrane remains in a depolarized state. We have studied this phenomenon using short (1.5 mm) frog muscle fibers dissected from the Lumbricalis brevis muscles of the frog, with a two-microelectrode voltage-clamp technique. After a contracture caused by membrane depolarization to 0 mV, from a holding potential of -100 mV, a second contracture can be developed only if the membrane is repolarized beyond a determined potential value for a certain period of time. We have used a repriming protocol of 1 or 2 s at -100 mV. After this repriming period a fiber, if depolarized again to 0 mV, may develop a second contracture, whose magnitude and time course will depend on the duration of the period during which the fiber was maintained at 0 mV before the repriming process. With this procedure it is possible to demonstrate that the inactivation process builds up with a very slow time course, with a half time of approximately 35 s and completion in greater than 100 s. After prolonged depolarizations (greater than 100 s), the repriming time course is slower and the inactivation curve (obtained by plotting the extent of repriming against the repriming membrane potential) is shifted toward more negative potentials by greater than 30 mV when compared with similar curves obtained after shorter depolarizing periods (10-30 s). These results indicate that important changes occur in the physical state of the molecular moiety that is responsible for the inactivation phenomenon. The shift of the inactivation curve can be partially reversed by a low concentration (50 microM) of lanthanum ions. In the presence of 0.5 mM caffeine, larger responses can be obtained even after prolonged depolarization periods, indicating that the fibers maintain their capacity to liberate calcium.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Bozler, E. "Mechanics of tonus fibers of frog muscle." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 253, no. 4 (October 1, 1987): C599—C606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1987.253.4.c599.

Full text

Abstract:

Contractions with two phases of relaxation are induced by brief strong stimulation in some frog muscles. The first phase with rapid relaxation is produced by the twitch fibers; the second phase, which is very slow and is only present after strong stimulation, represents the relaxation of the tonus fibers. At moderate loads, half time of isotonic relaxation of these fibers is as long as 30 min at 2 degrees C, but the rate varies with the load and depends on the condition of the frogs. With regard to the rate of relaxation, the tonus fibers resemble molluscan catch muscles. In tonus fibers, rapid isotonic and isometric relaxation can be induced by a small extension; shortening opposes this effect. These responses are like the length responses previously found in various types of striated muscle. They go in the same direction as the well-known metabolic effects of length changes (Fenn effect). After a large extension by an increase in load there is no active shortening when the load is returned to the previous value. This and other observations show that the slowness of relaxation is not due to sustained activity, but is determined by the strength of the contractile bonds formed during contraction. Because activity during relaxation is very low, it is unlikely that length responses are caused by a modification of the cross-bridge cycle. It is suggested that length changes act through a mechanism that is separate from that initiating contraction, but alters the speed of relaxation by making the cross bridges weaker or stronger.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Sudo, Roberto T., Gisele Zapata, and Guilherme Suarez-Kurtz. "Studies of the halothane-cooling contractures of skeletal muscle." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 65, no. 4 (April 1, 1987): 697–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y87-115.

Full text

Abstract:

The characteristics of transient contractures elicited by rapid cooling of frog or mouse muscles perfused in vitro with solutions equilibrated with 0.5–2.0% halothane are reviewed. The data indicate that these halothane-cooling contractures are dose dependent and reproducible, and their amplitude is larger in muscles containing predominantly slow-twitch type fibers, such as the mouse soleus, than in muscles in which fast-twitch fibers predominate, such as the mouse extensor digitorum longus. The halothane-cooling contractures are potentiated in muscles exposed to succinylcholine. The effects of Ca2+-free solutions, of the local anesthetics procaine, procainamide, and lidocaine, and of the muscle relaxant dantrolene on the halothane-cooling contractures are consistent with the proposal that the halothane-cooling contractures result from synergistic effects of halothane and low temperature on Ca sequestration by the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Preliminary results from skinned rabbit muscle fibers support this proposal. The halothane concentrations required for the halothane-cooling contractures of isolated frog or mouse muscles are comparable with those observed in serum of patients during general anesthesia. Accordingly, fascicles dissected from muscle biopsies of patients under halothane anesthesia for programmed surgery develop large contractures when rapidly cooled. The amplitude of these halothane-cooling contractures declined with the time of perfusion of the muscle fascicles in vitro with halothane-free physiological solutions. It is suggested that the halothane-cooling contractures could be used as a simple experimental model for the investigation of the effects of halothane on Ca homeostasis and contractility in skeletal muscle and for study of drugs of potential use in the management of the contractures associated with the halothane-induced malignant hyperthermia syndrome. It is shown that salicylates, but not indomethacin or mefenamic acid, inhibit the halothane-cooling contractures.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Syme, D. A. "The efficiency of frog ventricular muscle." Journal of Experimental Biology 197, no. 1 (December 1, 1994): 143–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.197.1.143.

Full text

Abstract:

Mechanical power and oxygen consumption (VO2) were measured simultaneously from isolated segments of trabecular muscle from the frog (Rana pipiens) ventricle. Power was measured using the work-loop technique, in which bundles of trabeculae were subjected to cyclic, sinusoidal length change and phasic stimulation. VO2 was measured using a polarographic O2 electrode. Both mechanical power and VO2 increased with increasing cycle frequency (0.4-0.9 Hz), with increasing muscle length and with increasing strain (= shortening, range 0-25% of resting length). Net efficiency, defined as the ratio of mechanical power output to the energy equivalent of the increase in VO2 above resting level, was independent of cycle frequency and increased from 8.1 to 13.0% with increasing muscle length, and from 0 to 13% with increasing strain, in the ranges examined. Delta efficiency, defined as the slope of the line relating mechanical power output to the energy equivalent of VO2, was 24-43%, similar to that reported from studies using intact hearts. The cost of increasing power output was greater if power was increased by increasing cycle frequency or muscle length than if it was increased by increasing strain. The results suggest that the observation that pressure-loading is more costly than volume-loading is inherent to these muscle fibres and that frog cardiac muscle is, if anything, less efficient than most skeletal muscles studied thus far.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Hudson, Nicholas J., Sigrid A. Lehnert, Aaron B. Ingham, Beth Symonds, Craig E. Franklin, and Gregory S. Harper. "Lessons from an estivating frog: sparing muscle protein despite starvation and disuse." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 290, no. 3 (March 2006): R836—R843. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00380.2005.

Full text

Abstract:

Long (6- to 9-mo) bouts of estivation in green-striped burrowing frogs lead to 28% atrophy of cruralis oxidative fibers ( P < 0.05) and some impairment of in vitro gastrocnemius endurance ( P < 0.05) but no significant deficit in maximal twitch force production. These data suggest the preferential atrophy of oxidative fibers at a rate slower than, but comparable to, laboratory disuse models. We tested the hypothesis that the frog limits atrophy by modulating oxidative stress. We assayed various proteins at the transcript level and verified these results for antioxidant enzymes at the biochemical level. Transcript data for NADH ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit 1 (71% downregulated, P < 0.05) and ATP synthase (67% downregulated, P < 0.05) are consistent with mitochondrial quiescence and reduced oxidant production. Meanwhile, uncoupling protein type 2 transcription ( P = 0.31), which is thought to reduce mitochondrial leakage of reactive oxygen species, was maintained. Total antioxidant defense of water-soluble (22.3 ± 1.7 and 23.8 ± 1.5 μM/μg total protein in control and estivator, respectively, P = 0.53) and membrane-bound proteins (31.5 ± 1.9 and 42.1 ± 7.3 μM/μg total protein in control and estivator, respectively, P = 0.18) was maintained, equivalent to a bolstering of defense relative to oxygen insult. This probably decelerates muscle atrophy by preventing accumulation of oxidative damage in static protein reserves. Transcripts of the mitochondrially encoded antioxidant superoxide dismutase type 2 (67% downregulated, P < 0.05) paralleled mitochondrial activity, whereas nuclear-encoded catalase and glutathione peroxidase were maintained at control values ( P = 0.42 and P = 0.231), suggesting a dissonance between mitochondrial and nuclear antioxidant expression. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 transcription was fourfold lower in estivators ( P = 0.11), implying that, in contrast to mammalian hibernators, this enzyme does not drive the combustion of lipids that helps spare hypometabolic muscle.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Edman, K. A. P., T. Radzyukevich, and B. Kronborg. "Contractile properties of isolated muscle spindles of the frog." Journal of Physiology 541, no. 3 (June 2002): 905–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2001.016220.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Sosnicki, A. A., K. E. Loesser, and L. C. Rome. "Myofilament overlap in swimming carp. I. Myofilament lengths of red and white muscle." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 260, no. 2 (February 1, 1991): C283—C288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1991.260.2.c283.

Full text

Abstract:

To assess myofilament overlap during locomotion, we estimated the length of myosin and actin filaments in axial red and white muscle of carp. Myosin filament lengths were 1.52 +/- 0.009 and 1.50 +/- 0.037 micron (means +/- SD) in the red and white muscle, respectively, as measured from thin sections. After correction for shrinkage (using the troponin-based 385-A axial periodicity), thin filaments were 0.96 +/- 0.009 and 0.97 +/- 0.023 micron in the red and white muscles, respectively. Filaments were also isolated from the white muscle and negatively stained. Myosin filaments were 1.56 +/- 0.025 microns, and actin filaments were 0.99 +/- 0.024 micron in length. The data from thin sections and isolated filaments agreed within 2% for actin and 4% for myosin filaments. The number of actin filament periods (24 for the red and white muscle) and the length of the filaments are the same as in frog. This suggests that the classic sarcomere length-tension curve of frog muscle may be used to estimate the functional properties of carp red and white muscle.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Frog muscle physiology"

1

Buckler, K. J. "Actions of adrenergic agonists on transmembrane ion exchanges in skeletal and heart muscle." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380754.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Mason, M. J. "Mechanisms of entry of L-lactate into frog skeletal muscle : A micro-electrode study." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375026.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Gramolini, Anthony Orlando. "The effect of modulating ATP-sensitive potassium channels in frog skeletal muscle, in vitro, during fatigue and metabolic inhibition." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9473.

Full text

Abstract:

The ATP-sensitive potassium (K$\sp+\rm\sb{(ATP)}$) channel is a K$\sp+$ channel which is activated as the energy state of a muscle decreases. It has been hypothesized that once activated, K$\sp+\rm\sb{(ATP)}$ channels decrease the excitability of the cell and cause decreased contractility, such as during fatigue, in order to prevent energy levels from falling to dangerously low levels. The purpose of this study was to test this hypothesis and to determine under which conditions K$\sp+\rm\sb{(ATP)}$ channels can contribute to a decrease in force during a metabolic stress in the sartorius muscle of the frog, Rana pipiens. In the first series of experiments, sartorius muscle fibres were fatigued with 100 msec long tetanic contractions every second for three minutes, a condition known to activate ATP-sensitive potassium channels. So if K$\sp+\rm\sb{(ATP)}$ channels contribute to a decrease in force during fatigue, an activation of K$\sp+\rm\sb{(ATP)}$ channels with channel openers should further decrease membrane excitability and contractility. In a second series of experiments, muscles were subjected to metabolic inhibition which is known to activate a large number of K$\sp+\rm\sb{(ATP)}$ channels in order to better understand the relationship between K$\sp+\rm\sb{(ATP)}$ channel activity, the bioenergetic state, and force. The goal was to determine if K$\sp+\rm\sb{(ATP)}$ channels can contribute to a decrease in force under a bioenergetic state that is within physiological limits. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Khan, Raheela Nazir. "Ultrastructure and physiology of nerve-muscle cultures from the cockroach." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.278930.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Rasanani, Mohammad Reza Hadian. "Electrophysiological studies of spinal reflex pathways from group II muscle afferents." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360304.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Yao, Yan-Dong. "Acoustic myography : the signal from contracting skeletal muscles." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321718.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Carroll, Kevin. "Comparison of Muscle Physiology and Performance Outcomes from Either Relative Intensity or Repetition Maximum Training." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3369.

Full text

Abstract:

The main purpose of this dissertation was to compare performance and physiological outcomes of between a repetition maximum (RM) and a relative intensity using sets-and-repetitions (RISR) resistance training (RT) program in well-trained lifters. Fifteen subjects underwent RT 3 d·wk-1 for 10-weeks in either a RM group (n=8) or RISR group (n=7). The RM group achieved a relative maximum each day while the RISR group trained based on percentages. Testing included percutaneous needle biopsies of the vastus lateralis, ultrasonography, unweighted (g to assess within and between-group alterations. RISR from pre-to-post yielded statistically significant increases in Type I CSA (p=0.018), Type II CSA (p=0.012), ACSA (p=0.002), unweighted (p=0.009) and 20 kg SJ JH (p=0.012), unweighted (p=0.003) and 20kg SJ PPa (p=0.026), IPF (ppSR increased in unweighted (p=0.023) and 20kg SJ JH (p=0.014), and 20kg SJ PPa (p=0.026) from pre-to-post taper. RM yielded statistically significant increases from only pre-to-post taper for 20kg SJ JH (p=0.003) and CMJ JH (p=0.031). Additionally, RM had a statistically significant pre-to-post decrease in RFD from 0-50ms (p=0.018) and 0-100ms (p=0.014). Between-group effect sizes supported RISR for Type I CSA (g=0.48), Type II CSA (g=0.50), ACSA (g=1.03), all MYH isoforms (g=0.31-0.87), all SJ variables (g=0.64-1.07), unweighted and 20kg CMJ JH (g=0.76-0.97), unweighted CMJ PPa (g=0.35), IPFa (g=0.20), and all RFD (g=0.31-1.25) time-points except 0-200ms; with all other effects being of trivial magnitude (gSR training yielded greater improvements in vertical jump, RFD and maximal strength compared RM training. These performances results may, in part, be explained mechanistically by the superior physiological adaptations observed in the RISR group within the skeletal muscle. Taken together, these data support the use of RISR training in well-trained populations.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Essackjee, Hafejee Cassim. "The influence of contraction, pH and enzyme inhibition on the release of adenosine from rat gracilis muscle." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20565914.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Fairclough, Valerie Marie. "The role of ornithine decarboxylase in the transformation of skeletal muscle from fast-twitch to slow-twitch type." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333715.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Alkahtani, Reem. "Changes in the Expression of Thin Filament-Associated Proteins in Colonic Smooth Muscle from Mice During Inflammation." VCU Scholars Compass, 2011. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/220.

Full text

Abstract:

The contractility of smooth muscle in inflammatory bowel disease and experimental colitis is reduced due to inhibition of neurotransmitter release and a decrease in the response of smooth muscle to contractile agonists. We and others have shown that inflammation induced by TNBS treatment alters the expression and/or activity of signaling molecules involved in the regulation of Ca2+ mobilization, MLC20 phosphorylation and contraction in colonic smooth muscle. Although, thin filament- associated proteins such as calponin, caldesmon, tropomyosin and smoothelin do not directly participate in contraction, they regulate acto-myosin interaction and thus, muscle contraction. Calponin, caldesmon and tropomyosin inhibit actomyosin interaction and the inhibition is relieved upon phosphorylation of these proteins. Recent studies have shown that visceral smooth muscle from smoothelin knockout mice exhibited decreased contraction. However, the effect of inflammation on the expression of thin filament- associated proteins is not known. The aim of the present study is to determine the changes in the expression of calponin, caldesmon, tropomyosin, and smoothelin in colonic circular smooth muscle from TNBS- and DSS-induced colitis in mice. The animals were euthanized on day 3 and a segment of inflamed distal colon was removed. Colonic muscle strips from colitis mice and control mice were dissected for western blot and real-time RT-PCR analysis; contraction was measured by scanning micrometry in cells isolated from the muscle strips. Contraction in response to acetylcholine in muscle cells isolated from colonic muscle strips derived from mice with TNBS colitis was significantly inhibited compared with the response of cells derived from untreated colon or colon treated with ethanol. Expression of α-actin, γ-actin calponin, caldesmon, smoothelin-A and tropomyosin mRNA in muscle strips from TNBS or DSS colitis was significantly increased compared to control animals. Similarly, expression of α-actin, calponin, caldesmon, smoothelin-A and tropomyosin protein as determined by western blot was significantly increased compared to control animals. We conclude that the expression of α-actin, γ -actin calponin, caldesmon, smoothelin-A and tropomyosin is upregulated in colonic circular smooth muscle from TNBS or DSS colitis. Increase in the expression of calponin, caldesmon and tropomyosin, which act to inhibit acto-myosin interaction, could contribute to decrease in smooth muscle contraction.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

More sources

Books on the topic "Frog muscle physiology"

1

Muscle biophysics: From molecules to cells. New York: Springer, 2010.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Rassier, Dilson E. Muscle biophysics: From molecules to cells. New York: Springer, 2010.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Menezes, Allan. The complete guide to the Pilates method: From lower back pain to muscle conditioning. New South Wales, Australia: Ahead in Marketing, 1998.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

1939-, Morimoto Toshifumi, Matsuya Tokuzo, and Takada Kenji, eds. Brain and oral functions: Oral motor function an dysfunction : selected papers from the Osaka International Oral Physiology Symposium on Brain and Oral Function, Osaka, 3-5 September 1994. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1995.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Witt, Eric Harold. Protons, metabolites, and fatigue in frog skeletal muscle. 1989.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

(Editor), Roberto Bottinelli, and Carlo Reggiani (Editor), eds. Skeletal Muscle Plasticity in Health and Disease: From Genes to Whole Muscle (Advances in Muscle Research). Springer, 2006.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Jones, David Anthony, Arnold De Haan, and Joan Round. Skeletal Muscle -- From Molecules to Movement. Churchill Livingstone, 2004.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Hopkins, Philip M. Neuromuscular physiology in anaesthetic practice. Edited by Jonathan G. Hardman. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0007.

Full text

Abstract:

The pharmacological interventions that constitute general anaesthesia are targeted at producing unconsciousness and an immobile patient even in response to noxious stimuli. Surgical anaesthesia also requires skeletal muscle relaxation, the degree of which depends on the site and nature of the surgical procedure. The anaesthetist therefore needs an advanced level of knowledge and understanding of the function of nerves, synapses, and muscle in order to understand, from first principles, how the drugs they use every day mediate their effects. Nerves and muscle cells are termed excitable cells because the electrical potential across their cell membranes (membrane potential) can be rapidly and profoundly altered because of the presence of specialized ion channels. Some drugs, such as local anaesthetics, act on ion channels involved in nerve conduction while many others act on synaptic transmission, the neurochemical communication between neurons or between a neuron and its effector organ. The neuromuscular junction is a synapse of specific interest to anaesthetists because it is the site of action of neuromuscular blocking drugs. This chapter covers the fundamentals of cellular electrophysiology, structure and function of key ion channels, and the physiology of nerves, synapses, and skeletal muscle.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Pitt, Matthew. Nerve physiology. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198754596.003.0003.

Full text

Abstract:

The chapter begins with a description of the normal findings in healthy sensory and motor nerves. The distribution of nerve fibres by diameter in the sensory nerve and its effect on the recorded action potential is outlined. The method by which velocity and compound muscle action potential are derived from motor stimulation follows. H-reflex studies and F-wave identification are described. A section on the strategies used for nerve conduction study in children and the nerves chosen for examination leads on to a description of the difficulties of deriving normative data in children. Next follows a detailed description of the findings in both sensory and motor nerves in demyelination where a distinction between patchy and homogenous demyelination is possible. An analysis of the nerve findings in axonal degeneration is then presented. The chapter finishes with a discussion of the variability in nerve testing.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Molnar, Greg. Properties of satellite cells isolated from sheep skeletal muscle. 1993.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

More sources

Book chapters on the topic "Frog muscle physiology"

1

Ogawa, Yasuo, Takashi Murayama, and Nagomi Kurebayashi. "Comparison of properties of Ca2+ release channels between rabbit and frog skeletal muscles." In Muscle Physiology and Biochemistry, 191–201. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5543-8_24.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Rajagopal, Senthilkumar, and Murugavel Ponnusamy. "Regulation of Calcium in Muscle Physiology." In Calcium Signaling: From Physiology to Diseases, 15–30. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5160-9_2.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Masuda, Tsuyoshi, Kazuhiro Ohmi, Hideki Yamaguchi, Kazuhide Hasegawa, Tomoyasu Sugiyama, Yuzuru Matsuda, Masamitsu Lino, and Yoshiaki Nonomura. "Growing and differentiating characterization of aortic smooth muscle cell line, p53LMAC01 obtained from p53 knock out mice." In Muscle Physiology and Biochemistry, 99–104. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5543-8_13.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Fujita, Koichiro, Li-Hong Ye, Manabu Sato, Tsuyoshi Okagaki, Yukio Nagamachi, and Kazuhiro Kohama. "Myosin light chain kinase from skeletal muscle regulates an ATP-dependent interaction between actin and myosin by binding to actin." In Muscle Physiology and Biochemistry, 85–90. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5543-8_11.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Ivanenko, Y. P., A. D'avella, and F. Lacquaniti. "Muscle Coordination, Motor Synergies, and Primitives from Surface EMG." In Surface Electromyography : Physiology, Engineering, and Applications, 158–79. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119082934.ch06.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Marchand, Alexandre, Aniella Abi-Gerges, Youakim Saliba, Elise Merlet, and Anne-Marie Lompré. "Calcium Signaling in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells: From Physiology to Pathology." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 795–810. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2888-2_35.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Khan, Masood Mehmood, Robert D. Ward, and Michael Ingleby. "Capturing Physiology of Emotion along Facial Muscles: A Method of Distinguishing Feigned from Involuntary Expressions." In Computer Analysis of Images and Patterns, 1196–203. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03767-2_145.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Geetha, N. "Pithing of Frog and Dissection of Muscle Nerve Preparation." In Practical Physiology, 245. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/12995_30.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Davies, Jamie A. "6. From thought to action." In Human Physiology: A Very Short Introduction, 89–103. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198869887.003.0006.

Full text

Abstract:

This chapter addresses muscles. The ultimate result of sensation and thought is usually some kind of action, be it moving the whole body; manipulating an object with the hand; or moving diaphragm, mouth, tongue, and voice-box to speak. All of these depend on muscles which, in their various forms, provide a nearly universal means for the nervous system to control the body and the world. Muscle cells are highly adapted for turning chemical energy into mechanical force. The chapter then looks at skeletal muscle and the musculoskeletal system. Some muscles are arranged circumferentially around a cavity. Two examples of this are the heart and the gut.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Wong, Agnes. "Eye Rotations, the Extraocular Muscles, and Strabismus Terminology." In Eye Movement Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195324266.003.0007.

Full text

Abstract:

To understand how eye muscles move the eyeball, it is necessary to understand the geometry of the eye and the functions of the muscles. The eyeball rotates about three axes: horizontal, vertical, and torsional. These axes intersect at the center of the eyeball. Eye rotations are achieved by coordinated contraction and relaxation of six extraocular muscles—four rectus and two oblique—attached to each eye. The action of the muscles on the globe is determined by the point of rotation of the globe, as well as the origin and insertion of each muscle. Recent evidence suggests that the muscles also exert their effects on the globe via the extraocular muscle pulleys. Considering that we make at least 100,000 saccades alone each day, it is not surprising that many extraocular muscles are very resistant to fatigue. Extraocular muscles are also different from other skeletal muscles in many respects. For example, eye muscle fibers are richly innervated, and each motoneuron innervates only 10–20 muscle fibers, the smallest motor unit known in the body. Extraocular muscles also have more mitochondria and a higher metabolic rate than other skeletal muscles. Thus, extraocular muscles are one of the fastest contracting muscles. This property allows animals to shift gaze swiftly, so that they can avoid approaching predators or detect prey in the vicinity. The unique immunologic and physiologic properties of extraocular muscles may also explain why they are more susceptible to certain disease processes, such as Grave’s disease and chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia, but more resistant to others such as Duchenne’s dystrophy, which mainly affects skeletal muscles in the rest of the body. The eyeball rotates about three axes: x-axis (naso-occipital or roll axis), y-axis (earthhorizontal or pitch axis), and z-axis (earth-vertical or yaw axis). Ductions refer to monocular movements of each eye. They include abduction, adduction, elevation (sursumduction), depression (deorsumduction), incycloduction or incyclotorsion, and excycloduction or excyclotorsion (see table on opposite page). Versions refer to binocular conjugate movements of both eyes, such that the visual axes of the eyes move in the same direction. They include dextroversion, levoversion, elevation (sursumversion), depression (deorsumversion), dextrocycloversion, and levocycloversion (see table).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Frog muscle physiology"

1

Manal, Kurt, and Thomas S. Buchanan. "A Numerical Method for Estimating Tendon Slack Length." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-43084.

Full text

Abstract:

Forces generated by muscle are transferred to bone via tendon. Since muscle force cannot be measured directly, computer modeling is a useful tool to enhance our understanding of normal and pathological movement. Hill-type muscle models have been used to estimate force based on information about a muscle’s architecture, activation and kinematics (Delp et al., 1995; Manal et al., 2002). Architectural parameters include optimal fiber length (lom), tendon slack length (lst), pennation angle (α), and maximum isometric force (Fmax). In addition, musculotendon length (lmt) and activation (a) are required inputs when estimating isometric muscle force (Equation I). Fm=f(lmt,lom,lst,Fmax,α,a)(1) Musculotendon length can be determined from MR images (Arnold et al., 2000), and activation recorded from EMGs (Manal, et al., 2002). Optimal fiber length and pennation angle can be measured experimentally (Murray, 2002), while Fmax can be estimated from the muscle’s physiologic cross-sectional area. Tendon slack length however cannot be measured readily, and therefore few estimates of lst can be found in the literature. In this paper we present a numerical method for estimating tendon slack from subject specific muscle parameters and musculotendon lengths. An advantage of this method is that it yields subject specific estimates of tendon slack length.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Tsvankin, Vadim, Dmitry Belchenko, Devon Scott, and Wei Tan. "Anisotropic Strain Effects on Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Physiology." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-176284.

Full text

Abstract:

Biological development is a complex and highly-regulated process, a significant part of which is controlled by mechanostimulus, or the strain imparted on a cell by its environment. Mechanostimulus is important for stem cell differentiation, from cytoskeletal assembly to cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion [1]. The mechanics of cells and tissues play a critical role in organisms, under both physiological and pathological conditions; abnormal mechanotransduction — the mechanism by which cells sense and respond to strain — has been implicated in a wide range of clinical pathologies [2,3].

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Schimoler, Patrick J., Jeffrey S. Vipperman, Laurel Kuxhaus, Angela M. Flamm, Daniel D. Budny, Mark E. Baratz, and Mark Carl Miller. "Control System for an Elbow Joint Motion Simulator." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-42806.

Full text

Abstract:

The many muscles crossing the elbow joint allow for its motions to be created from different combinations of muscular activations. Muscles are strictly contractile elements and the joints they surround rely on varying loads from opposing antagonists for stability and movement. In designing a control system to actuate an elbow in a realistic manner, unidirectional, tendon-like actuation and muscle co-activation must be considered in order to successfully control the elbow’s two degrees of freedom. Also important is the multifunctionality of certain muscles, such as the biceps brachii, which create moments impacting both degrees of freedom: flexion / extension and pronation / supination. This paper seeks to develop and implement control algorithms on an elbow joint motion simulator that actuates cadaveric elbow specimens via four major muscles that cross the elbow joint. The algorithms were validated using an anatomically-realistic mechanical elbow. Clinically-meaningful results, such as the evaluation of radial head implants, can only be obtained under repeatable, realistic conditions; therefore, physiologic motions must be created by the application of appropriate loads. This is achieved by including load control on the muscles’ actuators as well as displacement control on both flexion / extension and supination / pronation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Segala, David B., David Chelidze, Albert Adams, Jeffrey M. Schiffman, and Leif Hasselquist. "Tracking Physiological Fatigue in Prolonged Load Carriage Walking Using Phase Space Warping and Smooth Orthogonal Decomposition." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-67329.

Full text

Abstract:

The ability to track and predict the onset of physiologic fatigue using easily measurable variables is of great importance to both civilian and military activities. In this paper, biomechanical gait variables are used to reconstruct fatigue evolution in subjects walking with a 40 kg load on a level treadmill for two hours. Fatigue is reconstructed in two steps: (1) phase space warping based feature vectors are estimated from gait variable time series; and (2) smooth orthogonal decomposition is used to extract fatigue related trends from these features. These results are verified using independently obtained measures of fatigue from breath-by-breath oxygen consumption (V˙O2) and surface electromyography (EMG) from a set of leg muscles. V˙O2 based measures for some subjects show no discernable trends. However, for a subject showing monotonically increasing oxygen consumption, the reconstructed dominant fatigue variable closely track V˙O2 measure reflecting global systemic fatigue. For the muscles showing variation in EMG-based fatigue measures, the reconstructed fatigue variables also closely track these local muscle trends. The results show that kinematic angles, which are easier quantities to measure in the field, can be used to track and predict the onset of fatigue.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Koppes, Ryan A., Nathan R. Schiele, and David T. Corr. "An Electromechanical Bioreactor for Scaffold-Free Skeletal Muscle Tissue Engineering." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53415.

Full text

Abstract:

The loss of functional muscle from genetic disease, traumatic injury, or surgical excisions results in a physiologic deficiency that continues to remain without an effective clinical treatment [1]. Engineering functional muscle tissue in vitro for replacement in vivo may offer a potential remedy for this clinical demand. However, in vitro muscle constructs in two- and three-dimensions have yet to fully exhibit the dynamic mechanical responses of physiological muscle [2]. Furthermore, the application of mechanical and electrical stimulation in vitro has shown promise for growing contractile tissue [3], but these have been limited to 2-D and/or rely on inhibitory scaffold techniques. For these reasons, we sought a new approach to utilize both extrinsic growth and maturation cues, in addition to the myoblasts’ innate propensity to differentiate and produce functional myotubes in vitro, for the development of clinically-relevant skeletal muscle replacements.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Jastifer, James R., Peter A. Gustafson, and Robert R. Gorman. "The Effect of Subtalar Arthrodesis Alignment on Ankle Biomechanics." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-88198.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: The position, axis, and control of each lower extremity joint intimately affects adjacent joint function as well as whole limb performance. There is little describing the biomechanics of subtalar arthrodesis and none describing the effect that subtalar arthrodesis position has on ankle biomechanics. The purpose of the current study is to establish this effect on sagittal plane ankle biomechanics. Methods: A study was performed utilizing a three-dimensional, validated, computational model of the lower extremity. A subtalar arthrodesis was simulated from 20 degrees of varus to 20 degrees of valgus. For each of these subtalar arthrodesis positions, the ankle dorsiflexor and plantarflexor muscles’ fiber force, moment arm, and moments were calculated throughout a physiologic range of motion. Results: Throughout ankle range of motion, plantarflexion and dorsiflexion strength varies with subtalar arthrodesis position. When the ankle joint is in neutral position, plantarflexion strength is maximized in 10 degrees of subtalar valgus and strength varies by a maximum of 2.6% from the peak 221 Nm. In a similar manner, with the ankle joint in neutral position, dorsiflexion strength is maximized with a subtalar joint arthrodesis in 5 degrees of valgus and strength varies by a maximum of 7.5% from the peak 46.8 Nm. The change in strength is due to affected muscle fiber force generating capacities and muscle moment arms. Conclusion: The clinical significance of this study is that subtalar arthrodesis in a position of 5–10 degrees subtalar valgus has biomechanical advantage. This supports previous clinical outcome studies and offers biomechanical rationale for their generally favorable outcomes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Roberts, Dustyn P., and Joo H. Kim. "Predicting Energy Consumption in Humans Using Joint Space Methods." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-71353.

Full text

Abstract:

Humans act as transducers that transform chemical energy from food, water, and air into mechanical work and the thermal energy of heat loss. Although this energy expenditure can be experimentally measured, methods of predicting energy expenditure have not been broadly studied. This work introduces a new formulation of metabolic energy consumption based on muscle physiology and the equations of motion for the human body. Kinematic and kinetic data from a gait experiment and an over-arm throwing simulation are used to illustrate and validate this new model. The results extend the capabilities of dynamic human modeling to include metabolic energy prediction in general tasks. This novel formulation is useful for the investigation of human performance with applications in physical therapy, rehabilitation, and sports.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Wachtfogel, Yanina T., Yizhar Floman, Meir Liebergall, Robert W. Colman, and Amiram Eldor. "PLATELET ALPHA2-ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR ABNORMALITIES IN PATIENTS WITH IDIOPATHK: SCOLIOSIS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644567.

Full text

Abstract:

Idiopathic scoliosis is a genetic multisystem disease involving skeletal, biochemical, central nervous svstem, muscle and blood platelet abnormalities. Platelets of patients with idiopathic scoliosis have been shown to have decreased adenosine diphosphate and epinephrine-induced aggregation. Similarities between the contractile protein system of platelets and muscle have made the platelet a popular model for certain aspects of muscle physiology. This study confirmed that 64% of the patient platelets tested exhibited a significantly decreased sensitivity to aggregation bv epinephrine. In seven of the eleven patients studied, epinephrine induced aggregation was markedly decreased, i.e., the threshold of agonist was markedly elevated ≥11 uM). The geometric mean concentration of epinephrine required to produce complete second-wave aggregation in idiopathic scoliosis patients was 8μM. as compared to a control concentration of luM. We therefore examined the platelet alpha2-adrenergic receptors of 17 patients with idiopathic scoliosis bv measuring ligand binding using the selective antagonist, methyl yohimbine. Platelets from healthv individuals had 185 ± 16 sites per platelet with a Kd of 1.90 ± 0.32 nM, while patients with idiopathic scoliosis had 54 ± 22 sites per platelet with a of 1.02 ± 0.03 nM. The number of binding sites per platelet in idiopathic scoliosis patients were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) as compared to controls , while the was not significantly different (p > 0.05) between the two groups. Seven of these patients exhibited a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the number of alpha2-adrenergic receptors on their platelets while the binding in 7 additional patients was undetectable.Three patients exhibited normal receptor number and affinity as compared to normal individuals. This study indicates a profound alteration in the number and function of the alpha2-adrenergic receptors in platelets of patients with idiopathic scoliosis and indicates the functional heterogeneity of the receptor disorder. Further investigation of platelet abnormalities may give insight into the putative muscle defects.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Chung, Aram J., and David Erickson. "Microfluidic Control of Insect Locomotor Activity." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-67772.

Full text

Abstract:

This work describes the intimate fusion of microsystems and physiology though the partial implantation of a microfluidic device into living insects, Manduca Sexta moth. This effort is a critical component in our development of “Insect-Micro Air Vehicles (I-MAVs)” which aim to fuse nanodevice technology with living organism. The specific goal of this system is to provide “on-command” chemically induced immobilization and subsequent reanimation of the otherwise autonomous insect by implanting a low power electrokinetic drug delivery device. In this paper, we demonstrate the locomotor activity control by releasing neurotransmitters into wing muscles. We also provide results of our fully functioning adult survivability data for pupal stage implanted microdevices along with results from a comprehensive study of a low power electroactive drug delivery system.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Iles, Tinen L., Timothy G. Laske, David L. Garshelis, Lars Mattison, Brian Lee, Val Eisele, Erik Gaasedelen, and Paul A. Iaizzo. "Medtronic Reveal LINQ™ Devices Provide Better Understanding of Hibernation Physiology in the American Black Bear (Ursus Americanus)." In 2017 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2017-3498.

Full text

Abstract:

The American black bear (Ursus americanus) has been called a metabolic marvel6. In northern Minnesota, where we have conducted long-term physiological and ecological studies of this species, bears may remain in their winter dens for 6 months or more without eating, drinking, urinating or defecating and yet lose very little muscle mass2. We also found that hibernating black bears elicit asystolic events of over 30 seconds and experience an exaggerated respiratory sinus arrhythmia2. In this previous work we employed Medtronic Reveal® XT devices that required us to visit the den and temporarily extract the bear (under anesthesia) to download the stored data.4 Here we describe Medtronic’s latest generation of Insertable Cardiac Monitor (ICM), the Reveal LINQ™, which enables continuous transmission of data via a relay station from the den site3. Black bear hibernation physiology remains of high interest because of the multiple potential applications to human medicine. ICMs have been used for nearly two decades by clinicians as a critical diagnostic tool to assess the nature of cardiac arrhythmias in humans. Such devices are primarily implanted subcutaneously to record electrocardiograms. The device size, battery life and transmission capabilities have evolved in recent years. The first devices were relatively large and a programmer was needed to retrieve information during each clinical (or in our case, den visit). These devices were programmed to capture cardiac incidents such as asystolic events, arrhythmias and tachycardias and apply algorithms that ensure proper data collection: e.g. ectopy rejection and p-wave presence algorithms. The new generation Reveal LINQ was made to telemetrically transmit heart data from human patients, but we needed to develop a system to enable transmission from bear dens, which are remote (cannot easily be checked and adjusted) and are subject to extreme winter weather conditions. Besides the advantage of these devices transmitting data automatically, they are considerably smaller and thus less prone to rejection by the extraordinary immune system of the hibernating bear1.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!