Academic literature on the topic 'Frogs and environment'

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Journal articles on the topic "Frogs and environment"

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Oh, Hye-Ji, Kwang-Hyeon Chang, Mei-Yan Jin, Jong-Mo Suh, Ju-Duk Yoon, Kyung-Hoon Shin, Su-Gon Park, and Min-Ho Chang. "Trophic Ecology of Endangered Gold-Spotted Pond Frog in Ecological Wetland Park and Rice Paddy Habitats." Animals 11, no. 4 (March 31, 2021): 967. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11040967.

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The gold-spotted pond frog (Pelophylax chosenicus) is an endangered amphibian species in South Korea. In order to obtain ecological information regarding the gold-spotted pond frog’s habitat environment and biological interactions, we applied stable isotope analysis to quantify the ecological niche space (ENS) of frogs including black-spotted pond frogs (P. nigromaculatus) and bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeianus) within the food web of two different habitats—an ecological wetland park and a rice paddy. The gold-spotted pond frog population exhibited a broader ENS in the ecological wetland park than in the rice paddy. According to the carbon stable isotope ratios, gold-spotted pond frogs mainly fed on insects, regardless of habitat type. However, the results comparing the range of both carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes showed that gold-spotted pond frogs living in the rice paddy showed limited feeding behavior, while those living in the ecological wetland park fed on various food sources located in more varied trophic positions. Although the ENS of the gold-spotted pond frog was generally less likely to be overlapped by that of other frog species, it was predicted to overlap with a high probability of 87.3% in the ecological wetland park. Nevertheless, gold-spotted pond frogs in the ecological wetland park were not significantly affected by the prey competition with competitive species by feeding on other prey for which other species’ preference was low. Since these results show that a habitats’ food diversity has an effect on securing the ENS of gold-spotted pond frogs and prey competition, we recommend that the establishment of a food environment that considers the feeding behavior of gold-spotted pond frogs is important for the sustainable preservation of gold-spotted pond frogs and their settlement in alternative habitats.
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Bennett, A. M., and D. L. Murray. "Carryover effects of phenotypic plasticity: embryonic environment and larval response to predation risk in Wood Frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) and Northern Leopard Frogs (Lithobates pipiens)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 93, no. 11 (November 2015): 867–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2015-0129.

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Limitations of phenotypic plasticity affect the success of individuals and populations in changing environments. We assessed the plasticity-history limitation on predator-induced defenses in anurans (Wood Frogs, Lithobates sylvaticus (LeConte, 1825), and Northern Leopard Frogs, Lithobates pipiens (Schreber, 1782)), predicting that plastic responses to predation risk by dragonfly larvae (family Aeshnidae) in the embryonic environment would limit the defensive response to predators in the larval environment. Predator-conditioned Wood Frog embryos increased relative tail depth in response to those same cues as larvae, whereas predator-naive tadpoles did not. However, no carryover effect was noted in the behavioural response of Wood Frog tadpoles to predation risk. Predator-naive Northern Leopard Frog tadpoles increased relative tail depth in response to predation risk in the larval environment. Predator-conditioned Northern Leopard Frog embryos hatched with, and maintained, a marginal increase in tail depth as larvae in the absence of predation risk. Predator-conditioned Northern Leopard Frog embryos exposed to predation risk as larvae showed no morphological response. While we find no strong support for the plasticity-history limitation per se, carryover effects across embryonic and larval life-history stages were noted in both Wood Frog and Northern Leopard Frog, suggesting that predation risk early in ontogeny can influence the outcome of future interactions with predators.
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Rhebergen, F., R. C. Taylor, M. J. Ryan, R. A. Page, and W. Halfwerk. "Multimodal cues improve prey localization under complex environmental conditions." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282, no. 1814 (September 7, 2015): 20151403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.1403.

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Predators often eavesdrop on sexual displays of their prey. These displays can provide multimodal cues that aid predators, but the benefits in attending to them should depend on the environmental sensory conditions under which they forage. We assessed whether bats hunting for frogs use multimodal cues to locate their prey and whether their use varies with ambient conditions. We used a robotic set-up mimicking the sexual display of a male túngara frog ( Physalaemus pustulosus ) to test prey assessment by fringe-lipped bats ( Trachops cirrhosus ). These predatory bats primarily use sound of the frog's call to find their prey, but the bats also use echolocation cues returning from the frog's dynamically moving vocal sac. In the first experiment, we show that multimodal cues affect attack behaviour: bats made narrower flank attack angles on multimodal trials compared with unimodal trials during which they could only rely on the sound of the frog. In the second experiment, we explored the bat's use of prey cues in an acoustically more complex environment. Túngara frogs often form mixed-species choruses with other frogs, including the hourglass frog ( Dendropsophus ebraccatus ). Using a multi-speaker set-up, we tested bat approaches and attacks on the robofrog under three different levels of acoustic complexity: no calling D. ebraccatus males, two calling D. ebraccatus males and five D. ebraccatus males. We found that bats are more directional in their approach to the robofrog when more D. ebraccatus males were calling. Thus, bats seemed to benefit more from multimodal cues when confronted with increased levels of acoustic complexity in their foraging environments. Our data have important consequences for our understanding of the evolution of multimodal sexual displays as they reveal how environmental conditions can alter the natural selection pressures acting on them.
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Chuang, Tsai-Fu, and Yuan-Hsiou Chang. "A New Design Concept of an Ecological Corridor for Frogs to Improve Ecological Conservation." Sustainability 13, no. 20 (October 10, 2021): 11175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132011175.

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Ecological corridors are an essential element in conserving the biodiversity and proper functioning of ecosystems. Without their connectivity, a very large number of species would not have access to all of the habitats needed for their life cycles. Although the concept of an ecological corridor has been discussed for many years, few studies on ecological corridors for frogs have been conducted. Frogs are often considered to be a keystone species. They are a good indicator of habitat health, and they are often the first to be harmed by pollution or ecosystem deterioration. However, there have been reports of frogs crossing ecological corridors and being attacked or consumed by natural enemies. It is vital to create ecological corridors for frogs that allow them to migrate quickly and safely. The purpose of this study was to propose a new ecological corridor design concept for frogs to address the limitations mentioned above. In this paper, grey system theory was employed to offer the necessary information for the frog ladder’s design. In addition, the frog’s high jump capacity and its defense mechanisms against natural enemies were used to determine the rest space and shelter.
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Aihara, Ikkyu, Ryu Takeda, Takeshi Mizumoto, Takuma Otsuka, and Hiroshi G. Okuno. "Size Effect on Call Properties of Japanese Tree Frogs Revealed by Audio-Processing Technique." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 29, no. 1 (February 20, 2017): 247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2017.p0247.

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[abstFig src='/00290001/23.jpg' width='300' text='Calling behavior of a male Japanese Tree Frog' ] Sensing the external environment is a core function of robots and autonomous mechanics. This function is useful for monitoring and analyzing the ecosystem for our deeper understanding of the nature and accomplishing the sustainable ecosystem. Here, we investigate calling behavior of male frogs by applying audio-processing technique on multiple audio data. In general, male frogs call from their breeding site, and a female frog approaches one of the males by hearing their calls. First, we conducted an indoor experiment to record spontaneous calling behavior of three male Japanese tree frogs, and then separated their call signals according to independent component analysis. The analysis of separated signals shows that chorus size (i.e., the number of calling frogs) has a positive effect on call number, inter-call intervals, and chorus duration. We speculate that a competition in a large chorus encourages the male frogs to make their call properties more attractive to conspecific females.
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Wolagole, Kristian, Kholik Kholik, Supriadi Supriadi, and Dina Oktaviana. "Distribusi Cacing Trematoda Saluran Pencernaan Katak Dari Berbabgai Lokasi Persawahan Di Kabupaten Lombok Timur." Mandalika Veterinary Journal 1, no. 1 (April 8, 2021): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.33394/mvj.v1i1.3615.

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Trematode worms have been found in various types of frogs which cause disease in frogs or toads can be a reservoir for these worms. Lombok Island has many rice fields which are habitat for frogs. Frogs that live in this environment allow direct contact with various types of Trematodes. The purpose of this study was to determine the type and distribution of Trematoda worms found in the digestive tract of frogs in the rice fields of East Lombok Regency. A cross-sectional survey study using purposive sampling methods on frogs in three rice fields in East Lombok Regency was carried out in February 2020. Worms were collected from the digestive tract of frogs and fixed with 70% warm alcohol, cleaned with alcohol, and examined under a microscope. A total of 64 frog samples were taken in three rice fields, East Lombok Regency. A sample examination was carried out at the Equin Clinical Center Skill laboratory Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Mandalika University of Education. The results showed that Mesocoelium spp was distributed among frogs in three rice fields in East Lombok Regency, with a prevalence of 45% in Pringgabaya Village, 50% in Suele Village, and 53.57% in Tanjung Teros Village.
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Nocera, F. P., A. De Filippis, N. Piscopo, L. Esposito, and L. De Martino. "Similarities between skin culturable bacterial species of pool frogs (Pelophylax lessonae) and their habitat." BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 24, no. 1 (2021): 159–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.2019-0054.

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The aim of the present study was to investigate the culturable microflora of pool frogs (Pelophylax lessonae) and their belonging aquatic environment. A total of 60 samples (56 frog cutaneous swabs, 4 water samples) were inoculated onto different selective and differential agar plates to isolate Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria or yeasts. Microbial investigation of the water hosting frogs was also performed. Isolates were identified by API system and their antibiotic resistance profiles were evaluated by disk diffusion method on Mueller Hinton agar plates. Aeromonas hydrophila and Enterococcus durans were detected in almost all collected samples. Many of the bacterial isolates showed multidrug-resistant profiles. Importantly, this study highlights that skin frog microbiota is correlated to the belonging environment, and, moreover, some isolated bacterial strains resulted to be of interest in animal and public health, since the park was frequented by visitors of all ages.
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MONTHE MOUMEGNI, Liliane Fleurette, Divine Doriane YEMDJIE MANE, Ruben NGOUANA TADJONG, Vanessa MAFOUO SONHAFOUO, Jean Raphael KANA, and Joseph TCHOUMBOUE. "The Feeding Regime of Goliath Frog (Conraua goliath) (Boulenger, 1906) in the Equato-guinean Zone of Cameroon." GABJ 5, no. 1 (January 25, 2021): 136–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.46325/gabj.v5i1.177.

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The feed preferences of Conraua goliath, an endogenous frog in central Africa were assessed in the present study. A total of 65 frogs (22 males, 22 females and 21 unspecified frogs) were obtained from hunters in 3 localities namely: Loum, Penja, and Nlonako in the Moungo division, littoral region of Cameroon. The methods of dissection, measurement, and stomach content analysis were used. The results revealed a large diversity of preys in the stomach namely: myriapods (25%), plants leaves and steems (21.19%), insects (19.56%), indigestible matters (19.56%), arachnids (4.89%), crustaceans (4.34%), mollusks (3.26%), amphibians (0.54%), annelids (0.54%) and reptiles (0.54%). The numerical percentage and the frequency of myriapods occurrence were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in males captured in the locality of Loum (100% and 35.55%) compared to the females (28.57% and 18.18%). Comparing the state of maturity, the numerical percentage and the frequency of occurrence of insects (100% and 42.85%) and indigestible matters (100% and 42.85%) were significantly higher in the youngs frogs (61.11% and 20.89%) captured in Loum compared to the adults (22.22% and 7.46%). Frogs of high weight (˃1000g) recorded significantly (P < 0.05) higher occurrence and numerical frequency of myriapods (100 and 70%), indigestible and detritus materials (100 and 40%) in low-weight frogs (<400g) and plants leaves and steems (50 and 47.36%) in medium-weight frogs (400 – 1000g). In conclusion, goliath frog is an omnivore fed on a variety of preys and plants according to their availability in the environment.
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Liu, Yuxiang, Corbin D. Jones, Lainy B. Day, Kyle Summers, and Sabrina S. Burmeister. "Cognitive Phenotype and Differential Gene Expression in a Hippocampal Homologue in Two Species of Frog." Integrative and Comparative Biology 60, no. 4 (May 15, 2020): 1007–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icaa032.

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Synopsis The complexity of an animal’s interaction with its physical and/or social environment is thought to be associated with behavioral flexibility and cognitive phenotype, though we know little about this relationship in amphibians. We examined differences in cognitive phenotype in two species of frog with divergent natural histories. The green-and-black poison frog (Dendrobates auratus) is diurnal, displays enduring social interactions, and uses spatially distributed resources during parental care. Túngara frogs (Physalaemus=Engystomops pustulosus) are nocturnal, express only fleeting social interactions, and use ephemeral puddles to breed in a lek-type mating system. Comparing performance in identical discrimination tasks, we find that D. auratus made fewer errors when learning and displayed greater behavioral flexibility in reversal learning tasks than túngara frogs. Further, túngara frogs preferred to learn beacons that can be used in direct guidance whereas D. auratus preferred position cues that could be used to spatially orient relative to the goal. Behavioral flexibility and spatial cognition are associated with hippocampal function in mammals. Accordingly, we examined differential gene expression in the medial pallium, the amphibian homolog of the hippocampus. Our preliminary data indicate that genes related to learning and memory, synaptic plasticity, and neurogenesis were upregulated in D. auratus, while genes related to apoptosis were upregulated in túngara frogs, suggesting that these cellular processes could contribute to the differences in behavioral flexibility and spatial learning we observed between poison frogs and túngara frogs.
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Matich, Philip, and Christopher M. Schalk. "Move it or lose it: interspecific variation in risk response of pond-breeding anurans." PeerJ 7 (June 7, 2019): e6956. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6956.

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Changes in behavior are often the proximate response of animals to human disturbance, with variability in tolerance levels leading some species to exhibit striking shifts in life history, fitness, and/or survival. Thus, elucidating the effects of disturbance on animal behavior, and how this varies among taxonomically similar species with inherently different behaviors and life histories is of value for management and conservation. We evaluated the risk response of three anuran species—southern leopard frog (Lithobates sphenocephalus), Blanchard’s cricket frog (Acris blanchardi), and green tree frog (Hyla cinerea)—to determine how differences in microhabitat use (arboreal vs ground-dwelling) and body size (small vs medium) may play a role in response to a potential threat within a human-altered subtropical forest. Each species responded to risk with both flight and freeze behaviors, however, behaviors were species- and context-specific. As distance to cover increased, southern leopard frogs increased freezing behavior, green tree frogs decreased freezing behavior, and Blanchard’s cricket frogs increased flight response. The propensity of green tree frogs to use the canopy of vegetation as refugia, and the small body size of Blanchard’s cricket frogs likely led to greater flight response as distance to cover increased, whereas innate reliance on camouflage among southern leopard frogs may place them at greater risk to landscaping, agricultural, and transportation practices in open terrain. As such, arboreal and small-bodied species may inherently be better suited in human altered-landscapes compared to larger, ground-dwelling species. As land-use change continues to modify habitats, understanding how species respond to changes in their environment continues to be of importance, particularly in ecosystems where human-wildlife interactions are expected to increase in frequency.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Frogs and environment"

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Recktenwald, Eric William. "VISUAL RECOGNITION OF THE STATIONARY ENVIRONMENT IN LEOPARD FROGS." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2014. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/292229.

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Biology
Ph.D.
Leopard frogs (Rana pipiens) rely on vision to recognize behaviorally meaningful aspects of their environment. The optic tectum has been shown to mediate the frog's ability to recognize and respond to moving prey and looming objects. Nonetheless, atectal frogs are still able to appropriately respond to non-moving aspects of their environment. There appears to be independent visual systems operating in the frog: one system for recognizing moving objects; and another system for recognizing stationary objects. Little is known about the neural mechanisms mediating the recognition of stationary objects in frogs. Our laboratory showed that a retino-recipient area in the anterior lateral thalamus--the NB/CG zone--is involved in processing visual information concerning stationary aspects of the environment. This thesis aims to characterize the frog's responses to a range of stationary stimuli, and to elucidate the thalamic visual system that mediates those responses. I tested leopard frogs' responses to different stationary stimuli and found they respond in stereotypical ways. I discovered that leopard frogs are attracted to dark, stationary, opaque objects; and tested the extent of this attraction under different conditions. I found that frogs' preference to move toward a dark area versus a light source depends on the intensity of the light source relative to the intensity of ambient light. Unilateral lesions applied to the NB/CG zone of the anterior lateral thalamus resulted in temporary deficits in frogs' responses to stationary stimuli presented in the contralateral visual field. Deficits were observed in response to: dark objects, entrances to dark areas, light sources, and gaps between stationary barriers. However, responses to moving prey and looming stimuli were unaffected. Interestingly, these deficits tended to recover after about 6 days in most cases. Recovery time ranged from 2 - 28 days. The NB/CG zone is anatomically and functionally connected to a structure in the posterior thalamus called the "PMDT." The PMDT has no other connections in the brain. Thus, I have discovered a "satellite" of the NB/CG zone. Preliminary evidence suggests that the PMDT is another component of the visual system mediating stationary object recognition in the frog.
Temple University--Theses
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Lowe, Katrin. "Landscape Ecology and Bioclimatic Conditions of the Wallum Sedge Frog (Litoria olongburensis) in Coastal Wallum Wetlands of Eastern Australia: Resilience to Climate Change." Thesis, Griffith University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366084.

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Many species are threatened by rapidly changing climate and amphibians may be particularly vulnerable. As ectotherms, all aspects of amphibian physiology and life history are directly or indirectly influenced by temperature and moisture. For amphibian conservation, a clear priority is to investigate impacts of climate change on key environmental parameters within breeding habitats, as well as the ecology of threatened species. This information is vital for assessing species vulnerability to climate change and informing conservation efforts. Wallum frogs are species that are restricted to naturally acidic, oligotrophic coastal wetlands of eastern Australia. There is a paucity of ecological data on wallum frogs and their breeding habitats however climate change predictions suggest they are likely to be exposed to changes in the timing and intensity of precipitation, and increases in temperature. Consequently, the aim of this study was to enhance our understanding of the bioclimatic conditions of threatened wallum frogs at a landscape scale. This information was then used to assess climate change vulnerability for these wallum associated frog species, particularly the threatened wallum sedge frog (Litoria olongburensis). This study determined environmental factors influencing reproductive behaviours of L. olongburensis, namely calling phenology and breeding effort. Also, the impacts of fire on wallum frog ecology and morphology were assessed, as their habitat is exposed to regular and intense fires, which are predicted to increase in frequency and/or severity in the future.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Environment
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Skorina, Laura. "Representation of the stationary visual environment in the anterior thalamus of the leopard frog." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2013. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/231474.

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Biology
Ph.D.
The optic tectum of the leopard frog has long been known to process visual information about prey and looming threats, stimuli characterized by their movement in the visual field. However, atectal frogs can still respond to the stationary visual environment, which therefore constitutes a separate visual subsystem in the frog. The present work seeks to characterize the stationary visual environment module in the leopard frog, beginning with the hypothesis that this module is located in the anterior thalamus, among two retinorecipient neuropil regions known as neuropil of Bellonci (NB) and corpus geniculatum (CG). First, the puzzle of how a stationary frog can see the stationary environment, in the absence of the eye movements necessary for persistence of vision, is resolved, as we show that whole-head movements caused by the frog's respiratory cycles keep the retinal image in motion. Next, the stationary visual environment system is evaluated along behavioral, anatomic, and physiological lines, and connections to other brain areas are elucidated. When the anterior thalamic visual center is disconnected, frogs show behavioral impairments in visually navigating the stationary world. Under electrophysiological probing, neurons in the NB/CG region show response properties consistent with their proposed role in processing information about the stationary visual environment: they respond to light/dark and color information, as well as reverse-engineered "stationary" stimuli (reproducing the movement on the retina of the visual backdrop caused by the frog's breathing movements), and they do not habituate. We show that there is no visuotopic map in the anterior thalamus but rather a nasal-ward constriction in the receptive fields of progressively more caudal cell groups in the NB/CG region. Furthermore, each side of the anterior thalamic visual region receives information from only the contralateral half of the visual field, as defined by the visual midline, resulting from a pattern of partial crossing over of optic nerve fibers that is also seen in the mammalian thalamic visual system, a commonality with unknown evolutionary implications. We show that the anterior thalamic visual region shares reciprocal connections with the same area on the opposite side of the brain, as well as with the posterior thalamus on both sides; there is also an anterograde ipsilateral projection from the NB/CG toward the medulla and presumably pre-motor areas.
Temple University--Theses
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Mills, Nathan E. "Direct and indirect effects of an insecticide on Rana sphenocephala tadpoles /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3052201.

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Ortega, Nicole. "Flames and Frogs – The Impact of Environmental Disturbances on Host-Parasite Dynamics." Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7640.

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The successful completion of this work is dedicated first to my grandparents for having always shown their unwavering love and encouragement in my journeys (most of which they kindly and politely only pretended to understand) and for having also served as life-long role models who upheld an unparalleled work ethic. To many whom I consider to be my chosen family, especially Ann Williams and Brittany Sears, who kept me laughing, but more importantly, kept my crazy train from derailing during these tumultuous years. To Wayne Price and Tom Jackman, who fostered the success of my career and are the epitome of patience and kindness. To DeAngelis, for the many hours of laughter, conversations, and adventuresome treks that further kindled my knowledge, love, and respect for Florida’s ecology. To family in Alabama who have either helped shape my brazen character or made this education possible. To Taego, the one to whom I am bound through so many of the stories that begin with, “Remember when…?” and who is often so kind and thoughtful though he still holds tightly to the stereotype of the selfish youngest sibling. Finally, to Fen for being my smiling, bright blue-eyed, spunky kid who has been on this journey with me from the get-go; for keeping me from getting too big for my britches; for your intrinsic fire that burns for equality, fairness, and friendship; and for inspiring me to be the best example of a mother that I can possibly be.
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Söderman, Fredrik. "Comparative Population Ecology in Moor Frogs with Particular Reference to Acidity." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Ecology and Evolution, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-6828.

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This thesis is an attempt to describe how different environmental factors influence life history traits in different populations, sexes and developmental stages in the moor frog, Rana arvalis. The studied populations are located along 1100 km latitudinal gradient, with pH varying between 4.0 and 8.5. I have used data from both natural populations and common garden experiments.

Reproducing moor frogs were larger and older at high latitudes, indicating a selective advantage of large size at high latitudes and/or earlier reproduction at low latitudes. When controlling for age I found that frogs were older and smaller at low pH, which may be a result of a reduced growth rate due to acid stress. The both sexes respond differently to different environments, with the lowest sexual dimorphism in body size found in the acid environments. This is possibly caused by a trade-off between growth and reproduction. Being large is considered to be advantageous, in females due to increased fecundity, and in males due to higher ability to compete for mates, while the cost of high growth is a reduced possibility to survive until the next mating season. Moor frog embryos originating from an acid population survived better under acid stress than embryos from a neutral population. Using quantitative genetic techniques I found strong maternal effects and small additive genetic variation for the traits in acid and non acid populations. The variation in acid stress tolerance owed largely to non-genetic effects. Females from acid localities lay larger eggs, which probably improves the performance of tadpoles under acid conditions. The trade-off between egg size and fecundity was stronger in acid populations indicating that females in acid populations reduced fecundity to increase offspring size. Finally, frogs from acidified environments were more asymmetric in skeletal traits further indicating the developmental stress created by acidification.

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Sjödin, Henrik. "Effects of commercial use of tropical rainforest on communities of riparian frogs on Borneo: an identification of relevant environmental and microclimatic factors." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-30917.

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Hollis, Gregory J. "Ecology and conservation biology of the Baw Baw frog Philoria frosti (Anura: Myobatrachidae) : distribution, abundance, autoecology and demography /." Connect to thesis, 2004. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00001505.

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Herbstein, Tom Philip. "Insurance and the Anthropocene: like a frog in hot water." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16571.

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Includes bibliographical references
This thesis explores the relationship between the commercial insurance industry, global environmental change (GEC) and what Beck (1992; 1999) termed the 'risk society'. In recent decades, there have been growing concerns that many of the risks impacting contemporary society have undergone fundamental changes. Many of these risks are increasingly being linked to the unintended consequences of humankind's remarkable progress in science and technology, and have been described as debounded, given that they so often transcend both geographical and temporal boundaries (Beck 1992). Within the risk society, the commercial insurance industry - which relies on statistical (actuarial) analysis to help it assess and manage its risk exposure - has been described as demarcating the frontier barrier between bounded (i.e. insurable) and debounded (i.e. uninsurable) risk. However, this claim has been a highly contested one, leading to calls for more empirical data to help clarify how commercial insurance is actually responding under conditions of uncertainty. Of all the debounded risks, GEC has emerged as one of the risk society's most recognisable. Now understood to be a result of the anthropogenic emission of greenhouse gasses, particularly since the onset of the industrial revolution, its impacts have risen so sharply in recent decades that it has prompted claims that Earth has moved away from the era of the Holocene and into the Anthropocene (Crutzen 2002). Given that at least 40% of the cost of environmental catastrophes is now borne by commercial insurance, GEC provides an excellent opportunity to gain a deeper understanding of how the industry is responding to debounded risk at the risk society's frontier barrier. Early commentators suggested that the commercial insurance industry would be well motivated to respond proactively to GEC, by taking a more mitigative approach to managing its drivers at both the global and local levels. However, the industry, so far, has been described as more adaptive of its own business activities than mitigative. This raises questions about whether such claims are true across all three of the insurance industry's activities - as risk carriers, risk managers and as investors, why they have responded in such ways, and what implications this has for broadening our understanding of the complex relationship between commercial insurance, debounded risk and the risk society's frontier barrier. To consider these questions, a collective case study was undertaken with a variety of commercial insurance companies, re-insurers, asset managers, clients, brokers, industry associations and regulators across South Africa, Germany, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and Belgium. The research identified how commercial insurers have indeed responded more by adaptation of their business activities than mitigation of the drivers of GEC. This is mainly through the use of defensive underwriting to help them manage their exposure. However, the research extends this analysis by highlighting some of the nuances of the industry's response. This includes its focus on centralisation, the influence of the existing paradigm framing its understanding of risk, and by highlighting the irony that the area of insurers' activities, initially believed to be most suited for responding to GEC (i.e. their investment portfolios), have, in practice, been the area recording the least response. In exploring why this is so, the study draws on understandings of the Anthropocene to argue that commercial insurers are finding their existing risk assessment tools progressively out-dated in a world where risk is no longer as predictable as it once was. This is further compounded by increasingly plural access to the risk society's science and technologies, which, in some instances, are undermining the role commercial insurance plays as society's primary financial risk manager. This raises questions around the role commercial insurance plays in demarcating the risk society's frontier barrier which, ultimately, has far broader implications for why so many of society's institutions are struggling to adapt to risk in the 21st Century.
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Schwenke, Andrew C. "Evolution of intra and intersexual signalling in two species of frogs in the Litoria lesueuri species group." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2022. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/232433/1/Andrew_Schwenke_Thesis.pdf.

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Male stony creek frogs use soft calls to communicate despite living in noisy stream environments. The adaptive patterns of this strategy remains unclear, therefore, this study examined the phylogeography and evolution of calls in two species of stony creek frogs (Litoria wilcoxii and Litoria jungguy). Calls varied in relation to genetic groupings and environmental variables such as stream noise. Experimental trials also revealed a potential influence of female choice. This study has provided a better understanding of the advertisement calls in these species, and the factors which may have and likely continue to influence the evolution of their acoustic signals.
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Books on the topic "Frogs and environment"

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Tyler, Michael J. The action plan for Australian frogs. Canberra: Wildlife Australia, 1997.

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1960-, Chen Weilin, ed. Bang qing wa zhao xin jia. Taibei Shi: You shi wen hua shi ye gu fen you xian gong si, 2008.

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Peril in the ponds: Deformed frogs, politics, and a biologist's quest. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2012.

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Bormuth, Peter. Felecia & the tree frogs: An ecological fairy tale. [S.l.]: P. Bormuth, 2003.

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The boiled frog syndrome: Your health and the built environment. Chichester: Wiley-Academy, 2002.

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Souder, William. A plague of frogs: The horrifying true story. New York: Hyperion, 2000.

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The Boiled Frog Syndrome. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2003.

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Santore, Charles. William the Curious: Knight of the Water Lilies. Kennebunkport, Maine: Appleseed Press Book Pub., 2012.

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translator, Liu Qingyan, ed. Qing wa he he li. Taibei Shi: Dao sheng chu ban she, 2016.

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William the Curious: Knight of the Water Lilies. New York: Random House, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Frogs and environment"

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Aliano, Antonio, Giancarlo Cicero, Hossein Nili, Nicolas G. Green, Pablo García-Sánchez, Antonio Ramos, Andreas Lenshof, et al. "Adhesion in Wet Environments: Frogs." In Encyclopedia of Nanotechnology, 70–83. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9751-4_257.

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Narins, Peter M., Albert S. Feng, and Jun-Xian Shen. "Frogs Communicate with Ultrasound in Noisy Environments." In Hearing – From Sensory Processing to Perception, 185–90. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73009-5_20.

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Ferraro, Timothy John, and Shelley Burgin. "Review of environmental factors influencing the decline of Australian frogs." In Herpetology in Australia, 205–18. P.O. Box 20, Mosman NSW 2088, Australia: Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/rzsnsw.1993.031.

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Cheok, Mei Lick, and Su Luan Wong. "Frog Virtual Learning Environment for Malaysian Schools: Exploring Teachers’ Experience." In ICT in Education in Global Context, 201–9. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0373-8_10.

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Meland, Sondre, Mari Bryn Damsgård, Lindis Skipperud, and Lene Sørlie Heier. "Accumulation of Metals and Metalloids in Larvae of Insects and Frog Living in Wet Sedimentation Ponds Receiving Runoff from a Four Lane Motorway." In Urban Environment, 495–505. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7756-9_44.

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Gilligan, Colin, Robin Lowe, and Peter Cattee. "Environmental pressures and the parable of the boiled frog." In Marketing and Retail Pharmacy, 36–56. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315384672-4.

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Griffith, Robert W. "Guppies, toadfish, lungfish, coelacanths and frogs: a scenario for the evolution of urea retention in fishes." In Developments in environmental biology of fishes, 199–218. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3194-0_13.

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Bantle, John A., Douglas J. Fort, and Brenda L. James. "Identification of developmental toxicants using the Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay-Xenopus (FETAX)." In Environmental Bioassay Techniques and their Application, 577–85. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1896-2_59.

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El Kouzi, Malek, and Victoria McArthur. "FLCARA: Frog Life Cycle Augmented Reality Game-Based Learning Application." In Learning and Collaboration Technologies: Games and Virtual Environments for Learning, 17–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77943-6_2.

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Kuo, Ming, Michael Barnes, and Cathy Jordan. "Do Experiences with Nature Promote Learning? Converging Evidence of a Cause-And-Effect Relationship." In High-Quality Outdoor Learning, 47–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04108-2_3.

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AbstractDo experiences with nature—from wilderness backpacking, to plants in a preschool, to a wetland lesson on frogs, promote learning? Until recently, claims outstripped evidence on this question. But the field has matured, not only substantiating previously unwarranted claims but also deepening our understanding of the cause-and-effect relationship between nature and learning. Hundreds of studies now bear on this question, and converging evidence strongly suggests that experiences of nature boost academic learning, personal development, and environmental stewardship. This brief integrative review summarizes recent advances and the current state of our understanding. The research on personal development and environmental stewardship is compelling although not quantitative. Report after report—from independent observers as well as participants themselves—indicate shifts in perseverance, problem solving, critical thinking, leadership, teamwork, and resilience after time in nature. Similarly, over fifty studies point to nature playing a key role in the development of pro-environmental behavior, particularly by fostering an emotional connection to nature. In academic contexts, nature-based instruction outperforms traditional instruction. The evidence here is particularly strong, including experimental evidence; evidence across a wide range of samples and instructional approaches; outcomes such as standardized test scores and graduation rates; and evidence for specific explanatory mechanisms and ‘active ingredients’. Nature may promote learning by improving learners’ attention, levels of stress, self-discipline, interest and enjoyment in learning, and physical activity and fitness. Nature also appears to provide a calmer, quieter, safer context for learning; a warmer, more cooperative context for learning; and a combination of “loose parts” and autonomy that fosters developmentally beneficial forms of play. It is time to take nature seriously as a resource for learning—particularly for students not effectively reached by traditional instruction.
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Conference papers on the topic "Frogs and environment"

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Cozari, Tudor, and Elena Gherasim. "Comportamentul de reproducere al ranidelor verzi: analiză sintetică." In International symposium ”Functional ecology of animals” dedicated to the 70th anniversary from the birth of academician Ion Toderas. Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.53937/9789975315975.06.

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Amphibians, represents a special study object for researchers because this are the first vertebrate animals that have conquered the dry land. Internationally, this study being analyzed from the most diverse points of view: morphological, physiological, systematic, phylogenetic, ecological, and so on, but nationally the research is incomplete. For this purpose, the authors carried out a complex study and deciphered the most complicated aspects of reproductive behavior of these vertebrate animals. The reproduction behavior of green frogs is one that evolved during their evolution and is one of the important components of the process of adaptation of amphibian populations to the conditions of the temperate environment of the Earth.
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Fan, Jizhuang, Gangfeng Liu, Huan Wang, Wei Zhang, and Yanhe Zhu. "Design and Control of a Frog-Inspired Swimming Leg Powered by Pneumatic Muscle." In ASME 2016 Conference on Information Storage and Processing Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isps2016-9532.

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According to the shortages of previous generation of frog inspired robot, antagonistic joint based frog inspired leg was designed. With the multi-DOFs of hip, knee and ankle, the designed leg was able to perform various frog swimming modes. The dynamic model of antagonistic joint based on advanced pneumatic muscle model was established in MATLAB/Simulink environment. Besides, the servo control strategy of joint angle was studied based on the dynamic model of antagonistic joint. The PID and self-tuning fuzzy control were utilized to control the antagonistic joint. According to different swimming modes, joint trajectories of hip, knee and ankle were created by inverse kinematics based on the frog swimming mechanism. Therefore, the leg was controlled by the separated controls of hip, knee and ankle joints. Feasibility of pneumatic antagonistic joint control was validated via step response experiments with different loads. Finally, the experiment platform was established to carry swimming experiments with the developed frog-inspired swimming leg. The feasibility of antagonistic frog inspired swimming leg driven by pneumatic muscles was validated.
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Garber, Eric A. E., Judith L. Erb, James G. Downward, Eric M. Priuska, James L. Wittliff, Wenke Feng, Joseph Magner, and Gerald L. Larsen. "Biosensor, ELISA, and frog embryo teratogenesis assay: Xenopus (FETAX) analysis of water associated with frog malformations in Minnesota." In Environmental and Industrial Sensing, edited by Yud-Ren Chen and Shu-I. Tu. SPIE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.418737.

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Jaafar, Haryati, Dzati Athiar Ramli, and Shahriza Shahrudin. "MFCC based frog identification system in noisy environment." In 2013 IEEE International Conference on Signal and Image Processing Applications (ICSIPA). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsipa.2013.6707989.

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Case, G. G., and R. L. Zelmer. "Comparative Experiences in Environmental Remediation of LLR Waste Sites in Diverse Canadian Environments." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4846.

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A variety of sites contaminated with legacy low-level radioactive (LLR) waste materials have been identified across Canada. Many of these sites, associated with former radium and uranium refining and processing operations, are located in urbanized areas of southern Ontario. However, other sites have been discovered at more remote locations in Canada, including northern Alberta and the Northwest Territories. The diversity of waste froms, ranging from pitchblende ore and processing wastes, to discarded luminescent products, combined with construction and transportation logistical issues encountered at these sites, present ongoing challenges for the Low-Level Radioactive Waste Management Office (LLRWMO) to overcome in meeting its mandate to resolve these legacy problems. Since its establishment in 1982, the federal government’s LLRWMO has operated programs to characterize and delineate contaminated historic waste sites across Canada. These programs have included undertaking property decontaminations, waste consolidation and interim storage projects at many sites, and participating with federal and provincial government departments and local communities to consider long-term storage and disposal opportunities. This paper compares four specific environmental remediation programs conducted by the LLRWMO within diverse Canadian settings found at Port Hope and Toronto (southern Ontario), Fort McMurray (northern Alberta), and Vancouver (west coast of British Columbia). Contaminant characterization and delineation, and remediation plan design and implementation aspects of these individual programs span the time period from the early 1980s through to 2002. The individual programs dealt with a variety of legacy waste forms that contained natural radioactive materials such as radium-226, total uranium, total thorium and thorium-230, as well as coincidental inorganic contaminants including arsenic, barium, cadmium, cobalt, lead, mercury, vanadium and zinc. Application of the lessons learned during these individual programs, as well as the development of new and innovative technologies to meet the specific needs of these programs, have enabled the LLRWMO to effectively and efficiently implement environmental remediation solutions that address the variety of Canada’s legacy LLR wastes.introduction.
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Eusuff, Muzaffar M., and Kevin E. Lansey. "Water Distribution Network Design Using the Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm." In World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2001. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40569(2001)412.

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Ameli, A., Sh Bahrami, A. Safari, A. R. Vafaeimehr, and H. A. Shayanfar. "The Shuffled frog leaping algorithm for designing damping controller of UPFC." In 2012 11th International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering (EEEIC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eeeic.2012.6221531.

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Xu, Z., J. Li, and Z. Zhu. "Innovative green design of the frog ramming machine based on TRIZ/FRT." In Proceedings of the International Conference on Civil, Architecture and Environmental Engineering (ICCAE2016). CRC Press/Balkema P.O. Box 11320, 2301 EH Leiden, The Netherlands: CRC Press/Balkema, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315116259-175.

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Osman, Wan Rozaini Sheik, Anisah Karim, Muhammad Shahzad Aslam, and Mohammad Ayaz Ahmad. "A success model and implementation on examining teacher’s attitude in using frog virtual learning environment." In DIALOGO-CONF 2017. EDIS - Publishing Institution of the University of Zilina, Slovak Republic, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18638/dialogo.2017.4.1.11.

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Jadhav, H. T., Mehak Bhatia, and Ranjit Roy. "An application of craziness based shuffled frog leaping algorithm for wind-thermal generation dispatch considering emission and economy." In 2011 10th International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering (EEEIC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eeeic.2011.5874825.

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Reports on the topic "Frogs and environment"

1

Bozek, Michael, and Tani Hubbard. Greater Yellowstone Network amphibian monitoring protocol science review: A summary of reviewers’ responses. National Park Service, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293614.

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Science reviews are an essential cornerstone of all excellent science programs and are a requirement of monitoring programs within the Inventory and Monitoring Division of the National Park Service (NPS). Science reviews provide necessary professional critique of objectives, study design, data collection, analysis, scientific interpretation, and how effectively information is transferred to target audiences. Additionally, reviews can help identify opportunities to cooperate more effectively with interested and vested partners to expand the impacts of collective findings across larger landscapes. In December 2020, seven biologists from USGS, USFWS, and NPS provided a critical review of the Greater Yellowstone Network Amphibian Monitoring Protocol for monitoring Columbia spotted frogs (Rana luteiventris), boreal chorus frogs (Pseudacris maculata), western toads (Anaxyrus boreas), western tiger salamanders (Ambystoma mavortium), and environmental conditions at wetland sites clustered within watershed units in Yellowstone and Grand Teton national parks. This review followed sixteen years of GRYN amphibian and wetland monitoring, allowing us to evaluate the impact of the work thus far and to discuss potential improvements to the protocol. Reviewers were asked to assess the following amphibian monitoring objectives per Bennetts et al. (2013, Cooperative amphibian monitoring protocol for the Greater Yellowstone Network: Narrative, version 1.0, https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/Reference/Profile/2194571) and to assess the degree to which GRYN is meeting the objectives based on the current sampling, analyses, and reporting: Objective 1: Estimate the proportion of catchments and wetland sites used for breeding by each of the four common, native amphibian species annually, and estimate the rate at which their use is changing over time. Objective 2: Determine the total number of wetlands within sampled catchments that are suitable for amphibian breeding (i.e., have standing water during the breeding season) annually. Objective 3: For western toads, estimate the proportion of previously identified breeding areas that are used annually, and estimate the rate at which their use may be changing over time. Generally, reviewers commended the GRYN Amphibian Monitoring Program, including the design, the statistical rigor of current analytical approaches, the large number of monitoring reports and publications, and the audiences reached. Reviewers unanimously felt that the first two objectives of this protocol are being met for two species (Columbia spotted frogs and boreal chorus frogs) in medium- and high-quality catchments, and all but one reviewer also felt these objectives are being met for western tiger salamanders. It was universally recognized that objective 3 for western toads is not being met but reviewers attributed this to issues related to funding and capacity rather than design flaws. Reviewers felt the current design provides an adequate base for parlaying additional work and offered suggestions focused on increasing efficiencies, maximizing information that can be collected in the field, strengthening analyses, and improving scientific outreach. In this document, we summarize reviewers' comments and include their full written reviews in Appendix B.
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Albright, Jeff, Kim Struthers, Lisa Baril, John Spence, Mark Brunson, and Ken Hyde. Natural resource conditions at Glen Canyon National Recreation Area: Findings & management considerations for selected resources. National Park Service, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293112.

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Glen Canyon National Recreation Area (GLCA) encompasses more than 0.5 million ha (1.25 million ac) and extends over 322 km (200 mi) from its northern boundary in southern Utah to its southern boundary in northern Arizona. It is one of the most rugged, remote, and floristically diverse national parks on the Southern Colorado Plateau (Thomas et. al 2005) and has more than 4,900 km (3,045 mi) of waterways flowing through its eight Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC 8) watersheds. GLCA’s larger perennial rivers include the Colorado, Escalante, Dirty Devil, San Juan, and Paria, with smaller perennial and intermittent streams flowing into each of these rivers. After the creation of the Glen Canyon Dam, Lake Powell formed, covering 13% of the park’s total land area when full and the national recreation area attracts over 4 million visitors annually, and in 2019 GLCA ranked 19th highest in recreational visits out of all national parks. The National Park Service Natural Resource Condition Assessment Program selected GLCA to pilot its new NRCA project series. NRCA projects evaluate the best available science to provide park managers with reliable, actionable information pertaining to natural resource conditions in their park. For the park-selected focal study resources, this includes consideration of drivers and stressors known or suspected of influencing resource conditions; assessment of current conditions and trends for indicators of condition; and potential near-term and future activities or actions managers can consider, improving their knowledge and management of natural resources in parks. For focal resources that lack adequate data to assess current conditions, a gap analysis is provided (in lieu of a condition assessment) to highlight the present status of knowledge of the resource and to suggest useful indicators, data, and studies for further consideration and investigation. Park managers are encouraged to identify information needs and pose questions during the NRCA scoping process, with the understanding that information will be provided to help address those needs and answer those questions when possible. For a comprehensive list of GLCA managers’ questions and needs, please refer to Appendix A, Table A-1. The focus of GLCA’s NRCA study was the water-dependent resources—tinajas, springs & seeps, including water quality, riparian zone, amphibians, including the northern leopard frog (Lithobates pipiens), and small, native fishes—that are found off the mainstem Colorado River. Managers were interested in these particular environments and the natural resources that depend on them because they are less studied, and the habitats are “biodiversity hotspots” due to the intersection of complex desert and freshwater ecosystems in a region limited by water. The following summaries highlight the key findings of GLCA’s focal resource drivers and stressors (Chapter 2), states (Chapter 3), and manager responses (Chapter 4).
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Environmental DNA sampling for African clawed frog in Flanders, Wallonia and France in 2020. Instituut voor Natuur- en Bosonderzoek, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21436/inbor.71707757.

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