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Journal articles on the topic 'Frogs Development'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Tokita, Masayoshi, and Noriko Iwai. "Development of the pseudothumb in frogs." Biology Letters 6, no. 4 (February 10, 2010): 517–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2009.1038.

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Frogs have highly conserved hand and foot morphology, possessing four fingers and five toes. As an exception, two Japanese ranid frog species, the Otton frog Babina subaspera and the dagger frog Babina holsti , possess a unique thumb-like structure (the pseudothumb) in the forelimb, giving an appearance of a total of five fingers on the hand. To obtain insights into the developmental mechanisms that generate this novel character, we investigated the hand morphogenesis of the Otton frog. The unique morphological pattern of the pseudothumb was already established in juveniles. Surprisingly, the

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2

Gardiner, David, A. Ndayibagira, Felix Grün, and Bruce Blumberg. "Deformed frogs and environmental retinoids." Pure and Applied Chemistry 75, no. 11-12 (January 1, 2003): 2263–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200375112263.

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Since the early 1990s, a substantial number of deformed frogs have been observed in North America, particularly in the upper Midwest and Canada. Attempts to understand the etiology of the deformed frog problem have met with limited success to date with nearly as many proposed explanations as research groups working on the problem. Models for the mechanism underlying the development of deformed frogs include parasite/predation, ultraviolet radiation, and chemical exposure. Each model has its strengths and weaknesses. Despite contentious debate among researchers, there is an overall consensus th

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3

Russell, Devlin. "Intention as action under development: why intention is not a mental state." Canadian Journal of Philosophy 48, no. 5 (2018): 742–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.2017.1414524.

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AbstractThis paper constructs a theory according to which an intention is not a mental state but an action at a certain developmental stage. I model intention on organic life, and thus intention stands to action as (e.g.) tadpole stands to frog. I then argue for this theory by showing how it overcomes three problems: intending while (1) merely preparing, (2) not taking any steps, and (3) the action is impossible. The problems vanish when we see that not all actions are mature. Just as some frogs (such as tadpoles) are immature frogs, some actions (such as intentions) are immature actions.

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4

Mello, Sílvia Conceição Reis Pereira, Roberto Rodrigues de Oliveira, Marcelo Maia Pereira, Eliane Rodrigues, Willian Nascimento Silva, and José Teixeira de Seixas Filho. "Development of a water recirculating system for bullfrog production: technological innovation for small farmers." Ciência e Agrotecnologia 40, no. 1 (February 2016): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-70542016000100006.

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ABSTRACT Despite the technological progress in frog farming, issues related to the environment, biosafety, and the use of technologies that minimise environmental impacts are frequently neglected by farmers. With the goal of developing a low-cost technology for reuse and preservation of water quality, an anaerobic filtering system combined with an aerobic filtering system was implemented in the grow-out sector in the Frog Culture Research Unit at Fundação Instituto de Pesca do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FIPERJ). The filtering system received the effluent from six pens of frogs that were populat

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5

Chang, Yi-Chun, Shou-Hsien Li, Hsuan-You Lin, Szu-Lung Chen, and Ming-Hsung Chang. "Development of 22 polymorphic microsatellite markers for Taipei grass frogs (Hylarana taipehensis)." Amphibia-Reptilia 37, no. 1 (2016): 117–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685381-00003027.

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The Taipei grass frog, Hylarana taipehensis, is a slender frog widely distributed throughout Southeast Asia and thus is predicted to contain a high level of genetic diversity and undetected endemics. Habitat destruction and pesticide pollution have resulted in the population crash of some genetically distinct populations. To assign appropriate conservation measures, a genetic survey covering individuals from the entire species’ range is urgently required to reveal cryptic diversity and delineate these frogs into various management units. However, effective codominant markers are lacking for th

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6

Tong, Qing, Xiao-peng Du, Zong-fu Hu, Li-yong Cui, and Hong-bin Wang. "Modelling the growth of the brown frog (Rana dybowskii)." PeerJ 6 (May 16, 2018): e4587. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4587.

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Well-controlled development leads to uniform body size and a better growth rate; therefore, the ability to determine the growth rate of frogs and their period of sexual maturity is essential for producing healthy, high-quality descendant frogs. To establish a working model that can best predict the growth performance of frogs, the present study examined the growth of one-year-old and two-year-old brown frogs (Rana dybowskii) from metamorphosis to hibernation (18 weeks) and out-hibernation to hibernation (20 weeks) under the same environmental conditions. Brown frog growth was studied and mathe

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7

Narayan, Edward, Frank Molinia, Ketan Christi, Craig Morley, and John Cockrem. "Urinary corticosterone metabolite responses to capture, and annual patterns of urinary corticosterone in wild and captive endangered Fijian ground frogs (Platymantis vitiana)." Australian Journal of Zoology 58, no. 3 (2010): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo10010.

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This study was based on the development of a non-invasive glucocorticoid enzyme-immunoassay for the assessment of stress in wild and captive endangered Fijian ground frogs (Platymantis vitiana). Enzyme-immunoassays were developed and validated for the first time to non-invasively measure both cortisol and corticosterone metabolites in frog urine. Frog urine showed parallel displacement with corticosterone but not cortisol standards, therefore corticosterone enzyme immunoassays were used to examine stress in wild and captive frogs. Urinary corticosterone metabolite concentrations increased in f

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8

Mann, Reinier M., Ross V. Hyne, Paulina Selvakumaraswamy, and Sergio S. Barbosa. "Longevity and larval development among southern bell frogs (Litoria raniformis) in the Coleambally Irrigation Area - implications for conservation of an endangered frog." Wildlife Research 37, no. 6 (2010): 447. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr10061.

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Context. With the flow of many of the world’s rivers regulated such that water can be diverted for agriculture and human consumption, basic ecological information on the current status of key biota in significant floodplain wetlands and their response following inundation is needed. The maintenance of natural habitat to ensure amphibian survival is gaining increasing recognition, given the ongoing decline of anuran populations. Information on longevity, time required to emerge from the water and to reach sexual maturity, all provide important information about the required timing, frequency an

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9

Kouba, A., E. Willis, C. Vance, S. Hasenstab, S. Reichling, J. Krebs, L. Linhoff, M. Snoza, C. Langhorne, and J. Germano. "116 DEVELOPMENT OF ASSISTED REPRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE ENDANGERED MISSISSIPPI GOPHER FROG (RANA SEVOSA) AND SPERM TRANSFER FOR IN VITRO FERTILIZATION." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 24, no. 1 (2012): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv24n1ab116.

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Species-specific differences in breeding strategies and physiology have limited the application of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) for critically endangered amphibians in captive assurance colonies. In 2006, the Memphis Zoo (MZ) initiated a program to develop ART for the critically endangered Mississippi gopher frog after natural breeding failed. Standard gamete collection and IVF developed by MZ for reproducing endangered toads such as the Wyoming or boreal toad were applied to the gopher frog with little success, especially hormonal therapy for sperm production. Using the leopard fr

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10

Pancharatna, Katti, Suresh Kumbar, and Sapna Chandran. "Phalangeal growth marks related to testis development in the frog Rana cyanophlyctis." Amphibia-Reptilia 21, no. 3 (2000): 371–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853800507435.

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AbstractA study of phalangeal skeletochronology was performed to estimate the age of male frogs, Rana cyanophlyctis. Changes in testicular morphometry, kinetics of spermatogenesis and abdominal fat body mass were studied in relation to the number of growth marks in these frogs. Demineralized, stained cross- sections of distal phalanx of the 4th toe of male frogs showed growth rings that alternated with highly chromophilic lines of arrested growth (LAGs). One to five growth rings were observed in frogs with different body size; body mass (r = 0.44) and size (r = 0.47) showed poor correlation wi

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11

Railsback, Steven F., Bret C. Harvey, Sarah J. Kupferberg, Margaret M. Lang, Scott McBain, and Hart H. Welsh. "Modeling potential river management conflicts between frogs and salmonids." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 73, no. 5 (May 2016): 773–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2015-0267.

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Management of regulated rivers for yellow-legged frogs (Rana boylii) and salmonids exemplifies potential conflicts among species adapted to different parts of the natural flow and temperature regimes. Yellow-legged frogs oviposit in rivers in spring and depend on declining flows and warming temperatures for egg and tadpole survival and growth, whereas salmonid management can include high spring flows and low-temperature reservoir releases. We built a model of how flow and temperature affect frog breeding success. Its mechanisms include adults selecting oviposition sites to balance risks of egg

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12

Duryee, William R. "FACTORS INFLUENCING DEVELOPMENT OF TUMORS IN FROGS*." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 126, no. 1 (December 16, 2006): 59–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1965.tb14268.x.

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13

Davidson, Duncan. "Segmentation in frogs." Development 104, Supplement (October 1, 1988): 221–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.104.supplement.221.

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This paper reviews evidence relating to the question, at what stage in the development of the frog embryo are segment boundaries specified? Current evidence leads to the hypothesis that a spatiotemporal series of cell states leading to segmentation is continuously initiated at a position 200 to 300 μm from the posterior end of the presomitic mesoderm, about nine somite intervals before the formation of a definitive somite. The evidence suggests, though by no means proves, that segment boundaries are specified close to this time. This hypothesis relies critically on evidence concerning the effe

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14

Youngquist, Melissa B., and Michelle D. Boone. "Larval development and survival of pond-breeding anurans in an agricultural landscape impacted more by phytoplankton than surrounding habitat." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (July 26, 2021): e0255058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255058.

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The destruction of freshwater habitat is a major contributor to biodiversity loss in aquatic ecosystems. However, created or restored wetlands could partially mitigate aquatic biodiversity loss by increasing the amount of available habitat across a landscape. We investigated the impact of surrounding terrestrial habitat and water quality variables on suitability for two species of pond-breeding amphibians (bullfrogs [Lithobates catesbeianus] and Blanchard’s cricket frogs [Acris blanchardi]) in created permanent wetlands located on an agricultural landscape. We examined tadpole growth and survi

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15

King, Richard B., and Bethia King. "Sexual differences in color and color change in wood frogs." Canadian Journal of Zoology 69, no. 7 (July 1, 1991): 1963–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z91-271.

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An observer-free method of color classification was used to determine whether wood frogs, Rana sylvatica, exhibit sexual differences in color and color change. Males and females captured from breeding aggregations differed significantly in color: females reflected a greater amount of long-wavelength (yellow–red) light and less short-wavelength (blue–green) light than males. The color difference was not just a result of differences in the state of physiological color change at the time of capture but persisted for a month after capture. Males and females also differed in their color-change resp

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16

Churchill, T. A., and K. B. Storey. "Dehydration tolerance in wood frogs: a new perspective on development of amphibian freeze tolerance." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 265, no. 6 (December 1, 1993): R1324—R1332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1993.265.6.r1324.

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Wood frogs, Rana sylvatica, tolerate the loss of 50-60% of total body water during experimental dehydration. The rate of water loss for unprotected frogs is the same whether animals are frozen (at -2 degrees C) or unfrozen (at 1 degrees C) but is greatly reduced when frogs are frozen under a protective layer of moss. Dehydrational death could occur in as little as 7-9 days for unprotected animals; this indicates the importance for winter survival of selecting well-protected and damp hibernation sites. Prior dehydration affected the cooling and freezing properties of frogs, reducing supercoolin

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17

Aaltonen, J. T., T. Bohlender, W. Snyder, J. Krebs, L. Linhoff, M. Snoza, S. Plesuk, et al. "120 THE DEVELOPMENTAL COMPETENCE OF TADPOLES PRODUCED IN VITRO FROM THE ENDANGERED DUSKY GOPHER FROG (RANA SEVOSA) USING EXOGENOUS HORMONE TREATMENT." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 24, no. 1 (2012): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv24n1ab120.

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Dusky gopher frogs once existed throughout the states of Mississippi, Alabama and Louisiana. Presently, the USA Fish and Wildlife Service estimates that there are less than 100 frogs left in the wild, with almost all of these residing in a single pond in Mississippi, making the dusky gopher frog America's most endangered frog species. Their habitat has been threatened by residential and forestry development, as well as from fire suppression and the decline of gopher tortoises, whose burrows the frogs use for shelter. The USA Fish and Wildlife Service brought the first dusky gopher frogs into c

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18

DRYSDALE, THOMAS A., and RICHARD P. ELINSON. "Head Ectodermal Patterning and Axial Development in Frogs." American Zoologist 33, no. 4 (August 1993): 417–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/33.4.417.

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19

Sachs, Laurent M., and Daniel R. Buchholz. "Frogs model man:In vivothyroid hormone signaling during development." genesis 55, no. 1-2 (January 2017): e23000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.23000.

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20

Callery, Elizabeth M., Hung Fang, and Richard P. Elinson. "Frogs without polliwogs: Evolution of anuran direct development." BioEssays 23, no. 3 (February 13, 2001): 233–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-1878(200103)23:3<233::aid-bies1033>3.0.co;2-q.

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21

De S�, Rafael O., and Charles C. Swart. "Development of the suprarostral plate of Pipoid Frogs." Journal of Morphology 240, no. 2 (May 1999): 143–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4687(199905)240:2<143::aid-jmor5>3.0.co;2-l.

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22

Smith, James C. "Transgenic frogs and FGF signalling in early development." Trends in Genetics 12, no. 11 (November 1996): 439–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9525(96)30105-4.

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23

DEL PINO, EUGENIA M. "Modifications of oogenesis and development in marsupial frogs." Development 107, no. 2 (October 1, 1989): 169–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.107.2.169.

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24

Green, DM, and MP Simon. "Digital Microstructure in Ecologically Diverse Sympatric Microhylid Frogs, Genera Cophixalus and Sphenophryne (Amphibia, Anura), From Papua-New-Guinea." Australian Journal of Zoology 34, no. 2 (1986): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9860135.

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The extent of development of digital adhesive toe-pads in sympatric species of microhylid frogs, Cophixalus and Sphenophryne, correlates with the degree of arboreality exhibited by the species. The same basic structures and cell types are found in the toe-pads of these microhylid frogs as are found in other arboreal and semi- arboreal frogs of many diverse evolutionary lineages. A variety of types of cell surface, with unknown functional significance but potential systematic use, are found on the feet of these frogs. Allometric increase in adhesive-pad area in larger species is by widening of

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25

Hawley, Tanya J. "Embryonic development and mortality in Hyalinobatrachium pulveratum (Anura: Centrolenidae) of south-western Costa Rica." Journal of Tropical Ecology 22, no. 6 (October 20, 2006): 731–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467406003506.

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The population biology and ecology of most members of the neotropical family Centrolenidae, or glass frogs, are unknown. Glass frogs deposit their eggs in a gelatinous mass on vegetation overhanging streams, the eggs hatch, and the tadpoles drop into the water, where they complete development (Savage 2002). This study will contribute to our limited understanding of centrolenid reproductive ecology by quantifying variation in clutch size, embryonic development and embryonic mortality in a population of Hyalinobatrachium pulveratum.

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Kelleher, Shannon R., Aimee J. Silla, Petri T. Niemelä, Niels J. Dingemanse, and Phillip G. Byrne. "Dietary carotenoids affect the development of individual differences and behavioral plasticity." Behavioral Ecology 30, no. 5 (June 4, 2019): 1273–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arz074.

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AbstractNutritional conditions experienced during development are expected to play a key role in shaping an individual’s behavioral phenotype. The long term, irreversible effects of nutritional conditions on behavioral variation among and within individuals remains largely unexplored. This study aimed to investigate how long-term carotenoid availability (representing low vs. high quality nutritional conditions) during both larval and adult life stages influences the expression of among-individual variation (animal personality) and within-individual variation (behavioral plasticity). We tested

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27

Sun, Yan-Bo, Zi-Jun Xiong, Xue-Yan Xiang, Shi-Ping Liu, Wei-Wei Zhou, Xiao-Long Tu, Li Zhong, et al. "Whole-genome sequence of the Tibetan frog Nanorana parkeri and the comparative evolution of tetrapod genomes." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 11 (March 2, 2015): E1257—E1262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1501764112.

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The development of efficient sequencing techniques has resulted in large numbers of genomes being available for evolutionary studies. However, only one genome is available for all amphibians, that of Xenopus tropicalis, which is distantly related from the majority of frogs. More than 96% of frogs belong to the Neobatrachia, and no genome exists for this group. This dearth of amphibian genomes greatly restricts genomic studies of amphibians and, more generally, our understanding of tetrapod genome evolution. To fill this gap, we provide the de novo genome of a Tibetan Plateau frog, Nanorana par

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28

Hu, Fang, Erica J. Crespi, and Robert J. Denver. "Programming Neuroendocrine Stress Axis Activity by Exposure to Glucocorticoids during Postembryonic Development of the Frog, Xenopus laevis." Endocrinology 149, no. 11 (July 24, 2008): 5470–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2008-0767.

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Exposure to elevated glucocorticoids during early mammalian development can have profound, long-term consequences for health and disease. However, it is not known whether such actions occur in nonmammalian species, and if they do, whether the molecular physiological mechanisms are evolutionarily conserved. We investigated the effects of dietary restriction, which elevates endogenous corticosterone (CORT), or exposure to exogenous CORT added to the aquarium water of Xenopus laevis tadpoles on later-life measures of growth, feeding behavior, and neuroendocrine stress axis activity. Dietary restr

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Gollmann, Günter, and Birgit Gollmann. "Embryonic development of the myobatrachine frogs Geocrinia laevis, Geocrinia victoriana, and their natural hybrids." Amphibia-Reptilia 12, no. 1 (1991): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853891x00365.

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AbstractThe Australian frogs Geocrinia laevis and Geocrinia victoriana undergo prolonged embryonic development inside their egg capsules, before hatching as advanced tadpoles. Despite the presence of large amounts of yolk, the course of development follows the typical anuran pattern rather closely, and is essentially identical in the two species and their natural hybrids. We present a modification of Gosner's (1960) staging table, using mainly changes in the eye and the mouthparts to define stages (20 to 26) in a phase of development, when the Gosner table is not applicable to myobatrachine fr

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Vallejos, Johana Goyes, and Karim Ramirez-Soto. "Causes of embryonic mortality in Espadarana prosoblepon (Anura: Centrolenidae) from Costa Rica." Phyllomedusa: Journal of Herpetology 19, no. 1 (June 29, 2020): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v19i1p83-92.

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Causes of embryonic mortality in Espadarana prosoblepon (Anura: Centrolenidae) from Costa Rica. Members of the family Centrolenidae—commonly known as “glass frogs”—exhibit arboreal egg-laying behavior, depositing their clutches on riparian vegetation. Few studies have investigated specific causes of mortality during embryonic stages, perhaps the most vulnerable stage during the anuran life cycle. The Emerald Glass Frog, Espadarana prosoblepon, was used as a case study to investigate the causes of embryonic mortality in a species with short-term (i.e., less than 1 day) parental care. The specif

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Rollins-Smith, Louise A., Martin F. Flajnik, Patrick J. Blair, A. Tray Davis, and Wayne F. Green. "Involvement of Thyroid Hormones in the Expression of MHC class I Antigens During Ontogeny inXenopus." Developmental Immunology 5, no. 2 (1997): 133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1997/38464.

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The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a cluster of genes encoding products central to all major functions of the vertebrate immune system. Evidence for an MHC can be found in all vertebrate groups that have been examined except the jawless fishes. Expression of MHC class I and class II antigens early in ontogeny is critically important for development of T lymphocytes capable of discriminating self from nonself. Because of this essential role in T-cell development, the ontogeny of MHC expression in the South African clawed frog,Xenopus laevis, was studied. Previous studies of MHC class

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ANSTIS, MARION, FRED PARKER, TIM HAWKES, IAN MORRIS, and STEPHEN J. RICHARDS. "Direct development in some Australopapuan microhylid frogs of the genera Austrochaperina, Cophixalus and Oreophryne (Anura: Microhylidae) from northern Australia and Papua New Guinea." Zootaxa 3052, no. 1 (October 7, 2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3052.1.1.

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Embryonic development in fifteen Australopapuan microhylid frogs of the genera Austrochaperina, Cophixalus and Oreophryne is described. These frogs have direct development during which the embryo develops to a minute froglet within the jelly capsule. Development of the operculum, presence of external gills, tail structure, gut development and timing of forelimb emergence are described and compared with the direct-developing eleutherodactylid Eleutherodactylus coqui from Puerto Rico and three Australian myobatrachid genera with direct development (Arenophryne, Metacrinia and Myobatrachus). We c

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Ziermann, Janine M., and Rui Diogo. "Cranial muscle development in frogs with different developmental modes: Direct development versus biphasic development." Journal of Morphology 275, no. 4 (December 3, 2013): 398–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.20223.

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34

Vásquez-Cruz, Víctor, Luis Canseco-Márquez, and Arleth Reynoso-Martínez. "Distributional and natural history notes for Bromeliohyla dendroscarta (Anura: Hylidae) in Veracruz, Mexico." Phyllomedusa: Journal of Herpetology 18, no. 1 (June 18, 2019): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v18i1p27-36.

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Distributional and natural history notes for Bromeliohyla dendroscarta (Anura: Hylidae) in Veracruz, Mexico. Two new locality records are reported for the critically endangered hylid frog, Bromeliohyla dendroscarta, in Veracruz, Mexico. The frogs were found in semideciduous tropical forest, an ecotone of semideciduous tropical forest and mountain cloud forest, and an agricultural mosaic; none of these habitats has been documented previously for this species. Information is provided on larval feeding habits, duration of larval development under natural conditions and external morphology of tadp

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35

Tasse Taboue, Geraud Canis, and Eric Bertrand Fokam. "Life History of the Golden Puddle Frog, Phrynobatrachus auritus Boulenger 1900 (Anura: Phrynobatrachidae)." International Journal of Biology 8, no. 3 (June 27, 2016): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijb.v8n3p77.

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Frogs of the genus <em>Phrynobatrachus </em>Günther, 1862 are endemic to sub-Saharan Africa. These are increasingly threatened by a number of factors and are believed to be declining. We report on captive breeding experiments involving <em>Phrynobatrachus auritus</em> Boulenger, 1900. We provide a comprehensive life history for this frog with emphasize on tadpole development time, as well as a description of both the advertisement call and calling behaviour of the adult.

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HEINICKE, MATTHEW P., WILLIAM E. DUELLMAN, LINDA TRUEB, D. BRUCE MEANS, ROSS D. MacCULLOCH, and S. BLAIR HEDGES. "A new frog family (Anura: Terrarana) from South America and an expanded direct-developing clade revealed by molecular phylogeny." Zootaxa 2211, no. 1 (August 27, 2009): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2211.1.1.

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Three frogs of a new species found in cloud forests on two nearby mountains in Guyana were included in a molecular phylogeny of 17 nuclear and mitochondrial genes (10,739 aligned sites) that revealed that their closest relative is Terrarana (Brachycephalidae, Craugastoridae, Eleutherodactylidae, and Strabomantidae) and their next-closest relative is Hemiphractidae (marsupial frogs). We place these frogs in a new family, genus, and species which is strongly supported as the basal clade within Terrarana: Ceuthomantidae n. fam., Ceuthomantis smaragdinus n. gen, n. sp. Morphological evidence suppo

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Schlosser, Gerhard, and Gerhard Roth. "Evolution of Nerve Development in Frogs; pp. 61–73." Brain, Behavior and Evolution 50, no. 2 (1997): 61–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000113323.

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Schlosser, Gerhard, and Gerhard Roth. "Evolution of Nerve Development in Frogs; pp. 74–83." Brain, Behavior and Evolution 50, no. 2 (1997): 74–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000113324.

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Schlosser, Gerhard, and Gerhard Roth. "Evolution of Nerve Development in Frogs; pp. 94–112." Brain, Behavior and Evolution 50, no. 2 (1997): 94–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000113325.

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Schlosser, Gerhard, and Gerhard Roth. "Evolution of Nerve Development in Frogs; pp. 112–128." Brain, Behavior and Evolution 50, no. 2 (1997): 112–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000113326.

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Schlosser, Gerhard, and Gerhard Roth. "Evolution of Nerve Development in Frogs; pp. 84–93." Brain, Behavior and Evolution 50, no. 2 (1997): 84–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000316296.

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Nokhbatolfoghahai, M., and J. R. Downie. "Larval cement gland of frogs: Comparative development and morphology." Journal of Morphology 263, no. 3 (2005): 270–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.10305.

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Sudou, Norihiro, Andrés Garcés-Vásconez, María A. López-Latorre, Masanori Taira, and Eugenia M. del Pino. "Transcription factors Mix1 and VegT, relocalization of vegt mRNA, and conserved endoderm and dorsal specification in frogs." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 20 (May 2, 2016): 5628–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1605547113.

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Protein expression of the transcription factor genes mix1 and vegt characterized the presumptive endoderm in embryos of the frogs Engystomops randi, Epipedobates machalilla, Gastrotheca riobambae, and Eleutherodactylus coqui, as in Xenopus laevis embryos. Protein VegT was detected in the animal hemisphere of the early blastula in all frogs, and only the animal pole was VegT-negative. This finding stimulated a vegt mRNA analysis in X. laevis eggs and embryos. vegt mRNA was detected in the animal region of X. laevis eggs and early embryos, in agreement with the VegT localization observed in the

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Drotlef, Dirk M., Esther Appel, Henrik Peisker, Kirstin Dening, Aránzazu del Campo, Stanislav N. Gorb, and W. Jon P. Barnes. "Morphological studies of the toe pads of the rock frog, Staurois parvus (family: Ranidae) and their relevance to the development of new biomimetically inspired reversible adhesives." Interface Focus 5, no. 1 (February 6, 2015): 20140036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2014.0036.

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The morphology of the toe epithelium of the rock frog, Staurois parvus (Family Ranidae), was investigated using a variety of microscopical techniques. The toe pad epithelium is stratified (four to five cell layers), the apical parts of the cells of the outermost layer being separated by fluid-filled channels. The surface of these cells is covered by a dense array of nanopillars, which also cover the surface of subarticular tubercles and unspecialized ventral epithelium of the toes, but not the dorsal epithelium. The apical portions of the outer two layers contain fibrils that originate from th

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Fort, Douglas J., Sigmund Degitz, Joseph Tietge, and Leslie W. Touart. "The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid (HPT) Axis in Frogs and Its Role in Frog Development and Reproduction." Critical Reviews in Toxicology 37, no. 1-2 (January 2007): 117–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408440601123545.

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Rojahn, Jack, Dianne Gleeson, and Elise M. Furlan. "Monitoring post-release survival of the northern corroboree frog, Pseudophryne pengilleyi, using environmental DNA." Wildlife Research 45, no. 7 (2018): 620. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr17179.

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Context Translocations are becoming an increasingly important conservation tool to combat rising levels of species extinction. Unfortunately, many translocation efforts fail; yet, the timing and cause of failure often remain unknown. Monitoring individuals in the days and weeks following release can provide valuable information on their capacity to survive this initial hurdle. In Australia, breeding programs have been established for the endangered northern corroboree frog, Pseudophryne pengilleyi, to enable reintroduction to the wild via captive-reared individuals, typically, early life stage

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Buddington, R. K., J. W. Chen, and J. M. Diamond. "Dietary regulation of intestinal brush-border sugar and amino acid transport in carnivores." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 261, no. 4 (October 1, 1991): R793—R801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1991.261.4.r793.

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The ability of omnivores and herbivores to regulate reversibly their intestinal brush-border nutrient transporters is functionally related to the unpredictably variable composition of their natural diets. To determine whether carnivores are able similarly to regulate the activities of their intestinal nutrient transporters, we fed to three species of vertebrates that are carnivorous as adults (cats, mink, and leopard frogs) diets with either at least 50% digestible carbohydrate or with negligible carbohydrate levels. Rates of transport for the sugars glucose and fructose and the amino acids (A

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Ueno, S., T. Kitahara, K. Harada, and K. Shiokawa. "Embryonic development of frogs under EFL magnetic or electric fields." Journal of the Magnetics Society of Japan 10, no. 2 (1986): 383–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3379/jmsjmag.10.383.

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Ueno, S., T. Kitahara, K. Harada, and K. Shiokawa. "Embryonic Development of Frogs Under ELF Magnetic or Electric Fields." IEEE Translation Journal on Magnetics in Japan 2, no. 9 (September 1987): 859–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tjmj.1987.4549633.

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Baugh, Alexander T., and Michael J. Ryan. "The development of sexual behavior in túngara frogs (Physalaemus pustulosus)." Journal of Comparative Psychology 124, no. 1 (2010): 66–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0017227.

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