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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Frogs Evolution'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 February 2022

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1

Kulkarni, Saurabh S. "Endocrine Mechanisms Underlying Phenotypic Evolution in Frogs." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1342106009.

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2

Havens, Sarah Beth. "The role of skeletal development in body size evolution of two North American frogs." Diss., Rolla, Mo. : Missouri University of Science and Technology, 2010. http://scholarsmine.mst.edu/thesis/pdf/Havens_2010_09007dcc807be556.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Missouri University of Science and Technology, 2010.<br>Vita. The entire thesis text is included in file. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed June 7, 2010) Includes bibliographical references.
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3

Dziminski, Martin A. "The evolution of variable offspring provisioning." University of Western Australia, 2005. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2005.0134.

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Most theoretical models predict an optimal offspring size that maximises parental fitness. Variation in the quality of the offspring environment can result in multiple offspring size optima and therefore variation of offspring provisioning can evolve. Variation in offspring provisioning is common and found across a variety of taxa. It can be defined as between populations, explained by optimality models, or between and within individuals, neither so easily explained by optimality models. My research focused on the evolution of variable offspring provisioning by testing theoretical models relat
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4

Boyd, Jonathan Lomax. "Evolutionary Analysis of the Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase 67 Immediate Upstream Region in African Clawed Frogs." W&M ScholarWorks, 2009. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626884.

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5

Vacher, Jean-Pierre. "Diversification in the Guiana Shields as seen through frogs." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30063/document.

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Le Plateau des Guyanes a été géologiquement stable au cours de l'ère Cénozoïque, exempt de l'influence de l'orogénèse des Andes et de la mise en place du bassin de l'Amazone. Cette région est-elle biogéographiquement homogène au sein de l'Amazonie ? Quelles sont les modalités spatio-temporelles de diversification au sein de cette région ? Afin de répondre à ces questions, j'ai exploré sa biorégionalisation sur la base de la distribution des amphibiens anoures. Cette approche a permis de définir trois biorégions dans l'est du Plateau des Guyanes, et de révéler une forte sous-estimation de l'end
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6

Cambridge, Tucker. "Species Distribution and Conservation Genetics of the Upland and Midland Chorus Frogs (Pseudacris) in Kentucky." TopSCHOLAR®, 2018. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/3063.

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The upland (Pseudacris feriarum) and midland (P. triseriata) chorus frogs are closely related cryptic species that are best distinguished genetically. The distribution of these species within the Commonwealth of Kentucky has previously been defined by only a handful of genetic samples, making delineation of range limits for each species difficult. Accurate understanding of species distributions, and the genetic structure within them, are vitally important for conservation management of amphibian species. In this study, I have collected genetic samples from across the putative ranges of P. tris
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7

Jennions, Michael D. "Signalling and sexual selection in animals and plants." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670250.

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8

Benavides, Edgar. "Evolution in Neotropical Herpetofauna: Species Boundaries in High Andean Frogs and Evolutionary Genetics in the Lava Lizard Genus Microlophus (Squamata: tropiduridae): A History of Colonization and Dispersal." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1652.pdf.

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9

Zeyl, Clifford. "Genome evolution in the primitive frog Leipelma hochstetteri." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59969.

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The primitive New Zealand frog Leiopelma hochstetteri shows exceptional karyotypic variation. On the North Island, females carry univalent W chromosome and both sexes have 0 to 15 supernumerary chromosomes. Frogs from Great Barrier Island have a conventional 2n = 22 karyotype, with no sex chromosome differentiation in C-banded mitotic chromosomes. However, the lampbrush chromosomes of a Great Barrier Island female show evidence of heterogamety. This suggests that presumed ancestral female heterogamety has persisted on Great Barrier Island and given rise to a WZZ-female/ZZ-male sex chromosome s
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10

Ruiz-Linares, Andres. "Processes of molecular evolution of the rDNA multigene family in Drosophila." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239189.

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11

French, Connor Martin. "SPECIATION ALONG THE PERUVIAN ANDES-AMAZON TRANSITION ZONE: PHYLOGEOGRAPHY AND LANDSCAPE GENETICS OF THE AMEEREGA PETERSI GROUP (FAMILY: DENDROBATIDAE)." OpenSIUC, 2018. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2415.

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The Amazon rainforest along the Andean foothills contains exceptionally high diversity, much of it recent. The complex geology of the Andes and paleoclimate fluctuations preclude complex dispersal scenarios. This, in turn, has contributed to idiosyncratic speciation modes among shallowly-diverged Amazonian taxa. The poison frog genus Ameerega recently radiated throughout the Andes and Amazon (MRCA ~8.7 mya), with some taxa diverging as recently as the late Pliocene and early Pleistocene. Some species-level relationships remain poorly resolved, especially among recently diverged taxa. Here, I d
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12

Sharbel, Timothy F. (Timothy Francis). "Molecular genetic composition, origin, and evolution of B chromosomes in the New Zealand frog Leiopelma hochstetteri." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23935.

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The endemic New Zealand frog, Leiopelma hochstetteri, is characterized by variable numbers of mitotically-stable B chromosomes. In order to assess whether the B chromosomes had been derived from the autosome complement, B DNA was isolated and amplified by micromanipulation in conjunction with degenerate oligonucleotide-primed PCR. Southern hybridization patterns of B DNA probes to genomic DNA from males and females characterized by differing numbers of B's demonstrated that the B chromosomes were derived from the univalent W chromosome which is specific to females. The presence of homologous B
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13

Jorgensen, Michael E. "Evolution of Anuran Axial and Pelvic Musculoskeletal Traits Associated with Locomotor Modes." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1385376238.

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14

Moen, Daniel S., and John J. Wiens. "Microhabitat and Climatic Niche Change Explain Patterns of Diversification among Frog Families." UNIV CHICAGO PRESS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624675.

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A major goal of ecology and evolutionary biology is to explain patterns of species richness among clades. Differences in rates of net diversification (speciation minus extinction over time) may often explain these patterns, but the factors that drive variation in diversification rates remain uncertain. Three important candidates are climatic niche position (e.g., whether clades are primarily temperate or tropical), rates of climatic niche change among species within clades, and microhabitat (e.g., aquatic, terrestrial, arboreal). The first two factors have been tested separately in several stu
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15

Goutte, Sandra. "Phylogeny and evolution of vocalizations in a frog family : are torrent ranid advertisement calls adaptative ?" Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MNHN0010.

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Les signaux acoustiques utilisés dans la communication intra-spécifique, et cruciaux pour le succès reproducteur des individus, sont susceptibles d'être soumis à des pressions de sélection environnementales, et donc d'être adaptatifs. Les grenouilles vocalisant dans les torrents doivent faire face au bruit intense produit par le cours d'eau qui peut masquer leurs chants. Chez ces grenouilles, les vocalisations minimisant ce masquage ont donc pu être sélectionnées. La nature adaptative des chants des grenouilles torrenticoles a été examinée. La définition d'une guilde de grenouilles torrenticol
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16

Rudh, Andreas. "Aposematism, Crypsis and Population Differentiation in the Strawberry Poison Frog." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Zooekologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-175240.

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Evolutionary transitions between the two major predator avoidance strategies aposematism and crypsis are expected to be associated with changes in many important traits of animals. However, empirical studies on populations experiencing ongoing or recent transitions between these strategies are rare. This thesis investigates the co-evolution of traits among populations of the Strawberry poison frog D.pumilio in Bocas del Toro, Panama. I found that all investigated populations were genetically distinct but that colour and pattern did not correlate with genetic or geographic distance, which sugge
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17

Degner, Jacob. "GENETIC AND PHENOTYPIC EVOLUTION IN THE ORNATE CHORUS FROG (PSEUDACRIS ORNATA): TESTING THE RELATIVE ROLES OF NATURAL SELECTION." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2007. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3160.

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Understanding how migration, genetic drift, and natural selection interact to maintain the genetic and phenotypic variation we observe in natural populations is a central goal of population genetics. Amphibians provide excellent model organisms for investigating the interplay between these evolutionary forces because amphibians are generally characterized by limited dispersal abilities, high philopatry, and are obligately associated with the areas around suitable habitats (e.g. breeding ponds). Thus, on relatively small geographic scales, the relative effects of all of these evolutionary force
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18

Long, Hannah Katherine. "Evolutionary usage and developmental roles of vertebrate non-methylated DNA." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:78b14c1d-1fa3-46f1-815f-a8ba55579c43.

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Vertebrate genomes exhibit global methylation of cytosine residues where they occur in a cytosine-guanine dinucleotide (CpG) context and this epigenetic mark is generally thought to be repressive to transcription. Punctuating this pervasive DNA methylation landscape are short, contiguous regions of non-methylated DNA which are found at two thirds of mammalian gene promoters. These non-methylated regions exhibit CpG content close to expected levels as they escape the depletion of CpGs observed across the methylated fraction of the genome. The unique nucleotide properties of these CpG island (CG
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19

Ngo, Andre. "The Search for Genetic Structure and Patterns in Vietnamese Frogs." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/11239.

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Vietnam has the greatest biodiversity of any country in Indochina. This diversity may be due to its topographically complex nature, with hills and mountains, drained by several independent river systems, covering three quarters of its area. Topographic complexity has undoubtedly had profound effects on the flora and fauna of the region. Recent surveys have uncovered several cryptic species in what were previously considered single widespread species. These discoveries have led some researchers to propose that widespread forest species do not, in fact, exist in Southeast Asia. To test these hyp
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20

Chen, Jianye. "Evolution and biogeography of frogs and salamanders, inferred from fossils, morphology and molecules." Thesis, 2016. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8GX4BSN.

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Classified in the Lissamphibia, modern amphibians are the only non-amniote tetrapods living today. They consist of three morphologically distinct groups: the tailless frogs and toads (Anura), the limbless caecilians (Gymnophiona), and the tailed salamanders and newts (Urodela). With 205 species, the caecilians are highly specialized worm-like forms that live a fossorial lifestyle, with a relatively narrow distribution in the tropic rainforests of South America, Africa and Asia (Duellman and Trueb, 1994; Amphibiaweb, 2015). Salamanders, with 683 species, are widely distributed in the North Amer
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21

Tyler, Michael J. 1937. "The biology and systematics of frogs : contributions submitted to The University of Adelaide / by Michael J. Tyler." 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/38581.

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Vol. [2] comprises 6 reprints of published monographs in box folder; but numbered within the publications submitted listing (90 items), and within the 3 categories identified; at the beginning of vol. 1.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>2 v. (various pagings) :<br>Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.<br>Comprises 90 contributions to the biology and systematics of frogs, with particular emphasis upon those concerning the fauna of Australia and New Guinea. Provides an understanding of the state of knowledge
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22

Crawford, Andrew Jackson. "The evolution and maintenance of a color pattern polymorphism in neotropical frogs /." 2000. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:9990535.

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23

Santos, Juan Carlos. "Phylogeography and the evolution of correlated traits under multiple origins of aposematism in the poison frog family." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/6602.

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Living organisms are under selection not only for one, but also for several inheritable characters at the same time. Well-sampled and well-supported phylogenies are necessary for the studies of character evolution and their history. The poison frogs (Dendrobatidae) are a well-known example of aposematism in anurans. They include ~270 species of Neotropical frogs with aposematic (toxic and conspicuous) and non-defended (palatable and cryptic) species. The origin of aposematism in poison frogs is puzzling, because of its predicted low probability of establishment due to the prey's increased cons
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24

Ron, Santiago R. "Systematics and the evolution of calls and mating preferences on Túngara frogs (genus Engystomops)." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/3484.

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Sexually selected traits are among the most costly, complex, and conspicuous elements of the phenotype. In polygynous reproductive systems, they evolve under strong selection by females. Why females favor those traits, however, is an on-going debate. Here, I use túngara frogs as a model system to study the evolution of communication under sexual selection. The wealth of available information on the behavior, neurophysiology, and reproductive biology of túngara frogs make them an ideal system to understand the patterns of signal evolution and explore the processes that have shaped them. In chap
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25

Akre, Karin Lise. "The cognitive biology of mate choice in túngara frogs (Physalaemus pustulosus)." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2010-05-975.

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Sexual selection is responsible for a great diversity of elaborate male traits. A general female preference for males that have exaggerated traits drives this process, but the reasons females exhibit this preference are often unclear. Recent advances in understanding signal evolution have emerged from studies of receiver psychology that focus on how receivers perceive and process communication signals. I apply the perspective of receiver psychology to understand female preference for elaborate signals in túngara frogs (Physalaemus pustulosus). Male túngara frogs produce advertisement calls
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26

Brown, Rafe Marion Cannatella David C. Hillis David M. "Evolution of ecomorphological variation and acoustic diversity in mate-recognition signals of Southeast Asian forest frogs (subfamily Platymantinae)." 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3143659.

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27

Brown, Rafe Marion 1968. "Evolution of ecomorphological variation and acoustic diversity in mate-recognition signals of Southeast Asian forest frogs (subfamily Platymantinae)." 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/12749.

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28

Crothers, Laura Rose. "Intrasexual selection and warning color evolution in an aposematic poison dart frog." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/30933.

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Flamboyant colors are widespread throughout the animal kingdom. While many of these traits arise through sexual selection, bright coloration can also evolve through natural selection. Many aposematic species, for example, use conspicuous warning coloration to communicate their noxiousness to predators. Recent research suggests these signals can also function in the context of mate choice. Studies of warning color evolution can therefore provide new insights into how the interplay of natural and sexual selection impact the trajectory of conspicuous signal evolution. For my dissertation, I inves
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29

Barkan, Charlotte Barkan. "Evolution of Xenopus Vocal Patterns: Retuning a Hindbrain Circuit During Species Divergence." Thesis, 2017. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8862TQP.

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Circuits underlying motor patterns of closely related species provide an ideal framework in which to study how evolution shapes behavioral variation. Male African clawed frogs (Xenopus and Silurana) advertisement call to attract female mates and silence male rivals. Males of each species produce a unique vocal pattern that serves as a species-identifier. Xenopus laevis is the most well-studied species in terms of its vocal behavior and underlying anatomy and physiology. The clade that includes X. laevis, or X. laevis senso lato, also includes 3 other species that diverged ~8.5 million years a
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30

Hoffman, Eric Adam. "Natural history and evolution of a color polymorphism in Rana pipiens, the northern leopard frog." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/29637.

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A primary goal of population genetics is to identify the role of microevolutionary forces in producing observed patterns of molecular and phenotypic variation. I conducted four studies in the northern leopard frog, Rana pipiens, to determine just how mutation, migration, genetic drift, and selection influenced, genetic structure of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), nuclear DNA, and a single locus polymorphism that determines dorsal coloration. In the first study, I surveyed the literature concerning color and pattern polymorphisms in anurans. I conclude that anuran polymorphisms remain a rich but lar
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