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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Frogs – Physiology'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 7 February 2022

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1

Pearl, Christopher A. "Demonstration of pheromonal activity in the breeding glands of dwarf African clawed frogs (Hymenochirus sp.)." Scholarly Commons, 2000. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/529.

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Anurans rely mainly on vocalizations for mate attraction while urodeles rely mainly on pheromones. However, the presence of breeding glands suggests that anurans may also communicate with pheromones during reproduction. Previous studies have shown that male Hymenochirus sp. are able to attract females in a Y-maze, most likely through chemical means, but the source of the attractant has not been identified. By exposing female Hymenochirus sp. to choice tests in a Y -maze it was demonstrated that the breeding glands of male Hymenochirus sp. are the source of a mate-attractant pheromone. This stu

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2

Madison, Amanda L. "Effects of male breeding gland in hymenochirus on female reproductive output." Scholarly Commons, 2005. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/610.

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Normal male dwarf African clawed frogs, Hymenochirus sp., possess bilateral, sexually dimorphic, subcutaneous breeding glands just posterior to the forelimbs. Previous studies have shown these glands release pheromones that attract conspecific females. This thesis shows the pheromones also stimulate the reproductive system of conspecific females. Females exposed to normal males prior to mating then allowed to mate with the normal males released a higher number of eggs than females who were not exposed to normal males prior to mating. Microscopic examination of ovarian tissue revealed that fema

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3

McDearmid, Jonathan R. "Noradrenergic control of spinal motor circuitry in two related amphibian species, Xenopus laevis and Rama temporaria." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15058.

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1. The role of the catecholamine noradrenaline (NA) was examined during fictive swimming in Xenopus laevis tadpoles. 2. The primary effects of the amine in both embryonic and larval Xenopus was to markedly decrease motor frequency whilst simultaneously reducing rostrocaudal delays during swimming. 3. The NA-mediated modulation of swimming activity in Xenopus larvae can be reversed with phentolamine, a non-selective an adrenergic receptor antagonist, suggesting that NA may be acting through either ?1 or ?2 receptors, or a combination of both. 4. Intracellular recordings made from embryo spinal

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4

Pascarelli, Erica S. "Behavioral evidence for pheromonal communication : female discrimination of androgen status in male Xenopus laevis"." Scholarly Commons, 1995. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2289.

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Testosterone has been implicated in the production of courtship pheromones in various animals. It is hypothesized that testosterone also stimulates the production and/or release of any courtship pheromones in Xenopus laevis. Castrated male frogs were implanted with empty or testosterone(T)-filled Silastic capsules. The water from testosterone-treated frogs (C+ T) and castrated frogs with empty capsules (C) was pumped into a plastic Y-maze at a flow rate of 65 ml/min. A female frog placed in theY-maze was observed for a sixty minute trial period, and the movements and position of the female fro

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5

Word, James Mabry. "Physiological adjustments to aestivation and activity in the cocoon-forming frogs Cyclorana platycephala and Cyclorana maini." University of Western Australia. School of Animal Biology, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0254.

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The desert-adapted frogs Cyclorana platycephala and Cyclorana maini survive long periods of inhospitably hot and dry conditions by retreating underground and aestivating. While aestivating they suspend food and water intake as well as physical activity, depress their metabolic rate by ~80 %, and form cocoons that protect them against desiccation. How these frogs function during this exceptional state is largely unknown. This work characterized a number of physiological parameters in three metabolic states spanning their natural metabolic range: during aestivation (depressed metabolism), at res

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6

Allen, Leon Akila Glynne. "Effect of temperature on the physiology of two exotic frogs: possible causes of distribution." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Biological Sciences, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10822.

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Two Australian frogs were introduced to New Zealand over 100 years ago. Since their introduction they have become widespread and well established with Litoria ewingii being more prevalent in alpine and cooler areas of New Zealand, while Litoria raniformis is found in more temperate coastal areas. Very little physiological data exists for these frogs and aside from their distribution not much is known about them in New Zealand. Thus the effects of thermal acclimation and temperature change on respiration and locomotion were examined in these two exotic frogs. The more terrestrial and alpine dwe

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7

Pearl, Christopher A. "Demonstration of pheromonal activity in the breeding glands of dwarf African clawed frogs (Hymenochirus sp.) : a thesis." Scholarly Commons, 2001. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/529.

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Anurans rely mainly on vocalizations for mate attraction while urodeles rely mainly on pheromones. However, the presence of breeding glands suggests that anurans may also communicate with pheromones during reproduction. Previous studies have shown that male Hymenochirus sp. are able to attract females in a Y-maze, most likely through chemical means, but the source of the attractant has not been identified. By exposing female Hymenochirus sp. to choice tests in a Y -maze it was demonstrated that the breeding glands of male Hymenochirus sp. are the source of a mate-attractant pheromone. This stu

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8

Wang, Yu. "HPLC method development for the evaluation of pheromones from the dwarf African clawed frog Hymenochirus." Scholarly Commons, 2003. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/587.

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9

Contreras, Heidy Lorena. "Effects of natural history on osmoregulatory behaviors in two stream-dwelling frogs (Pseudacris cadaverina and P. regilla)." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2007. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3253.

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Differences in osmoregulatory behaviors were studied in two stream-dwelling tree frogs (Pseudacris cadaverina and P. regilla) with different natural histories. This study supports the idea that the natural history of a species has a strong effect on behavior associated with osmoregulation.

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10

Wang, Yu. "HPLC method development for the evaluation of pheromones from the dwarf African clawed frog Hymenochirus : a thesis." Scholarly Commons, 2001. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/587.

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11

Sadowski, Leslie M. "The influence of lipids in the epidermis and cocoons on cutaneous water loss in Australian hylid frogs, Cyclorana spp." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1273708738.

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12

Buckler, K. J. "Actions of adrenergic agonists on transmembrane ion exchanges in skeletal and heart muscle." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380754.

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13

Mason, M. J. "Mechanisms of entry of L-lactate into frog skeletal muscle : A micro-electrode study." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375026.

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14

Crawford, Niall Alexander. "The biomechanics of tree frog adhesion under challenging conditions." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2016. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7102/.

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Tree frogs have evolved specialised toe pads which allow them to efficiently climb vertical surfaces. The toe pad stick by using ‘wet adhesion’ – a combination of forces produced by a thin layer of fluid between the pad and the surface which provide temporary adhesion to allow quick attachment and detachment for climbing. Most studies on tree frogs have been based on their adhesive capabilities on surfaces which are flat, clean and dry (usually glass). However, climbing tree frogs in the wild will come across a variety of surfaces which could affect their adhesive abilities. This PhD investiga

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15

Beecher, Nancy A. "Frog declines exploring connections among climate change, immunity and disease /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3243772.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Biology, 2006.<br>Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Nov. 18, 2008). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-12, Section: B, page: 6837. Advisers: Greg E. Demas; Craig Nelson.

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16

Gramolini, Anthony Orlando. "The effect of modulating ATP-sensitive potassium channels in frog skeletal muscle, in vitro, during fatigue and metabolic inhibition." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9473.

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The ATP-sensitive potassium (K$\sp+\rm\sb{(ATP)}$) channel is a K$\sp+$ channel which is activated as the energy state of a muscle decreases. It has been hypothesized that once activated, K$\sp+\rm\sb{(ATP)}$ channels decrease the excitability of the cell and cause decreased contractility, such as during fatigue, in order to prevent energy levels from falling to dangerously low levels. The purpose of this study was to test this hypothesis and to determine under which conditions K$\sp+\rm\sb{(ATP)}$ channels can contribute to a decrease in force during a metabolic stress in the sartorius muscle

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17

Chou, Kuang-Yi. "Sodium channel regulatory mechanisms : current fluctuation analysis on frog skin epithelium." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27148.

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This project examined the role of the cytoskeleton in regulatory mechanisms of the amiloride-sensitive Na⁺ channels in isolated frog skin epithelium. The epithelium from ventral frog skin is a model tissue which has proved significant in our understanding of the basic principles involved in water and Na⁺ homeostasis. In particular, this project examines ways in which local (non-hormonal) and hormonal regulatory mechanisms adjust the Na⁺ permeability of apical membranes of frog skin epithelium. Both mechanisms contain factors that are known to increase the apical membrane Na⁺ permeability mainl

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18

do, Amaral Maria Clara Figueirinhas. "Geographical variation of freeze tolerance in the wood frog, Rana sylvatica: the role of hepatic glycogen metabolism." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1406900958.

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19

Bethany, Williams. "Nitric oxide metabolites in hypoxia, freezing, and hibernation of the wood frog, Rana sylvatica." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1525202133341325.

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20

Sandusky, Paula. "The biomechanics of tongue projection in the frog _Rana pipiens_: dynamics and temperature effects." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4219.

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Ectotherms such as frogs must either function within environments with temperatures amenable to their physiological needs, or find means to reduce the impact of temperature on their activities. Recent studies on reptile and amphibian feeding have shown convergent use of elastic recoil to drive feeding movements, thereby decoupling temperature's effects on muscle from movement and allowing the animals to feed over broader temperature ranges. Rana pipiens specimens (n=5) were exposed to three ambient temperatures (10°, 15°, and 25° C) at which feeding behavior was imaged at 6000 Hz. The image se

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21

Rosendale, Andrew J. "Characterization and physiological regulation of glucose transporter 2 in the liver of the wood frog, Rana sylvatica: implications for freeze tolerance." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1403172987.

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22

Parker, Mark. "Independent Acoustic Stimulation of the Amphibian and Basilar Papillae of Rana pipiens." PDXScholar, 1995. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4956.

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This study attempted to selectively stimulate and record from either the amphibian or basilar papillae of Rana pipiens. Computer-generated, frequency-specific clicks were used to elicit BSER's from either amphibian or basilar papillae. Narrowband noise fatiguers were presented in the frequency region of which each papillae are tuned. It was expected that a threshold shift would be elicited in the papillae that received the acoustic trauma, and that no threshold shift would be observed from the collateral papilla. The results of this experiment indicated that there was no overall difference bet

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23

"Molecular cloning of growth hormone and growth hormone receptor in lower vertebrates." 2000. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5895794.

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by Lee Tsz On.<br>Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 148-155).<br>Abstracts in English and Chinese.<br>Abstract --- p.i<br>摘要 --- p.iii<br>Acknowledgments --- p.v<br>Contents --- p.vi<br>List of figures --- p.xii<br>List of table --- p.xiv<br>Abbreviations --- p.xv<br>Chapter Chapter 1 --- General Introduction<br>Chapter 1.1. --- Growth hormone (GH) --- p.1<br>Chapter 1.1.1. --- Introduction to GH --- p.1<br>Chapter 1.1.2. --- Actions of GH --- p.2<br>Chapter 1.1.3. --- Structure of GH --- p.3<br>Chapter 1.1.4. -

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24

Yang, Sungchil. "Intrinsic biophysical properties of frog central auditory neurons /." 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3337970.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2008.<br>Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-11, Section: B, page: 6623. Adviser: Albert S. Feng. Includes bibliographical references. Available on microfilm from Pro Quest Information and Learning.

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25

Li, Zheng. "GABAergic organization in the visual system of the leopard frog, Rana pipiens." 1996. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI9619407.

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Immunocytochemistry was used to study the distribution of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) throughout the central visual nuclei and retina in Rana pipiens. In the diencephalon, intensely-labeled GABA immunoreactive neurons and nerve fibers were observed within the neuropil of Bellonci (nB) and corpus geniculatum (CG), while only immunoreactive puncta were found in the rostral visual nucleus (RVN). In the pretectal region, the posterior thalamic nucleus (nPT) contained the most intensely-labeled GABA immunoreactive perikarya and nerve fibers in the entire brain. Lightly immunoreactive perikarya w

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26

Kralian, Susan M. "Stabilization of the frog neuromuscular junction: Terminal Schwann cells and the actin cytoskeleton." 2003. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI3110513.

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The frog neuromuscular junction is a unique model that allowed us to selectively remove cellular components from the neuromuscular junction and create preparations with varying degrees of nerve terminal stability. We found further evidence that frog terminal Schwann cells communicate with their cellular partners, as terminal Schwann cells responded with changes in number or morphology as a result of changes in synaptic integrity. Terminal Schwann cells divided at synaptic sites in response to a regenerating nerve terminal. Terminal Schwann cells also had morphological changes in response to ch

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27

Chen, Te-Chih, and 陳德治. "A comparative study of the reproduction and tadpole thermal physiology between the cold water and hot spring populations of Japanese buerger''s frog (Buergeria japonica)." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31063760894171992530.

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28

"Interleukin-1(beta) as a potential biomarker of methylmercury exposure in developing neural circuits of the frog, Xenopus laevis." Tulane University, 1998.

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The primary goal of this thesis was to identify new biomarkers of exposure for developing neural tissues in aquatic species. It was found that the cytokine, interleukin-1$\beta$ (IL-1$\beta$) and its type 1 receptor are expressed in the very earliest functional neural circuits that regulate early locomotor behavior in the frog embryo. Even though IL-1$\beta$ is cleaved by ICE (interleukin-I$\beta$ converting enzyme), an enzyme that initiates apoptosis, IL-1$\beta$ expression is not associated with the expression of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (parp), a marker of apoptosis, indicating that IL-

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