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1
Serpagli, Enrico, Annalisa Ferretti, Robert S. Nicoll, and Paolo Serventi. "The conodont genusTeridontus(Miller, 1980) from the Early Ordovician of Montagne Noire, France." Journal of Paleontology 82, no. 3 (2008): 612–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/06-081.1.
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The conodont genus Teridontus was introduced in 1980 by Miller and was based on the Late Cambrian species Oneotodus nakamurai Nogami, 1967 from the Yencho Member of the Fengshan Fm. of northeast China. Teridontus was later reported from either the Upper Cambrian or Lower Ordovician (Landing et al., 1980; Miller, 1980; Landing and Barnes, 1981; Landing, 1983; An et al., 1983, 1985; Ni et al., 1983; Peng et al., 1983; Nowlan, 1985; Landing et al., 1986; Bagnoli et al., 1987; An, 1987; Buggisch and Repetski, 1987; Pohler and Orchard, 1990; An and Zheng, 1990; Seo and Ethington, 1993; Wang, 1993; Lehnen, 1994; Nicoll, 1994; Seo et al., 1994; Ji and Barnes, 1994; Taylor et al., 1996; Lehnert et al., 1997; Jia, 2000; Dubinina, 2000; Pyle and Barnes, 2002; Zeballo et al., 2005) sediments in numerous localities around the world, but a unanimous interpretation of the composition of the Teridontus apparatus organization was far from accepted.
2
SMITH, GIDEON F., and ESTRELA FIGUEIREDO. "The nomenclature and taxonomy of Kalanchoe nyikae (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a little-known species from East Africa." Phytotaxa 454, no. 2 (2020): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.454.2.7.
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From the 1950s to the 1980s the East African taxa of Kalanchoe Adanson (1763: 248) (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) received taxonomic attention in a series of papers by Cufodontis (1957, 1958, 1965, 1967, 1969), Raadts (1977, 1979, 1984, 1985, 1989), and Wickens (1982, 1987) that culminated in the treatment of the genus by Wickens (1987: 30–58) for the Flora of Tropical East Africa (FTEA; Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania). Wickens (1987) recognised 25 Kalanchoe species in the FTEA region, with two species, K. ndorensis Schweinfurth (1892: 865 [as name only in Engler (1892: 232)]) and K. stuhlmannii Engler (1895: 188), treated as imperfectly known.
3
McDonald, John, and Ralph Shlomowitz. "Mortality on Convict Voyages to Australia, 1788–1868." Social Science History 13, no. 3 (1989): 285–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200016412.
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During the past two decades, there has been an outpouring of research on the seaboard mortality associated with intercontinental migration during the seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth centuries. The focus of historical interest in this linkage between mortality and migration has been the Atlantic slave trade. We now have mortality rates on voyages from various regions in Africa to various destinations in the Americas, from the late seventeenth century to the mid-nineteenth century (see Curtin, 1968, 1969: 275-286; Klein and Engerman, 1976, 1979; Klein, 1978; Postma, 1979; Miller, 1981; Cohn and Jensen, 1982a, 1982b; Cohn, 1985; Eltis, 1984, 1987; Steckel and Jensen, 1986; Galenson, 1986). These slave studies have spawned renewed interest in the mortality associated with other seaborne populations, and mortality rates have been calculated on Dutch immigrant voyages to the East Indies during the eighteenth century, European convict and immigrant voyages to North America and European immigrant voyages to Australia during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, and Indian and Pacific Islander indentured labor voyages to Fiji and Queensland, Australia, during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries (see Riley, 1981; Eltis, 1983; Cohn, 1984, 1985, 1987, 1988; Grubb, 1987; Ekirch, 1987; Morgan, 1985; Shlomowitz, 1986, 1987, 1989; McDonald and Shlomowitz, 1988, forthcoming).
4
Schmutz, W. "Quantitative Spectroscopy of Wolf-Rayet Stars." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 108 (1988): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100093611.
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Advances in theoretical modeling of rapidly expanding atmospheres in the past few years made it possible to determine the stellar parameters of the Wolf-Rayet stars. This progress is mainly due to the improvement of the models with respect to their spatial extension: The new generation of models treat spherically-symmetric expanding atmospheres, i.e. the models are one-dimensional. Older models describe the wind by only one representative point. The older models are in fact ‘core-halo’ approximations. They have been introduced by Castor and van Blerkom (1970), and were extensively employed in the past (cf. e.g. Willis and Wilson, 1978; Smith and Willis, 1982). First results from new one-dimensional model calculations are published by Hillier (1984), Schmutz (1984), Hamann (1985), Hillier (1986), and Schmutz et al. (1987a); more detailed results are presented by Schmutz and Hamann (1986), Hamann and Schmutz (1987), Hillier (1987a,b), Wessolowski et al. (1987), Hillier (1987c) and Hamann et al. (1987). These results demonstrate that the step from zero- to one-dimensional calculations is essential. The important point is that the complicated interrelation between NLTE-level populations and radiation field is treated adequately (Schmutz and Hamann, 1986; Hillier, 1987). For this interrelation it is crucial to model consistently not only the line-formation region, but also the layers where the continuum is emitted. In fact, it is the core-halo approximation that causes the one-point models to fail in certain aspects.
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Prange, Andreas, and Heinrich Schwenke. "Sample Treatment for TXRF - Requirements and Prospects." Advances in X-ray Analysis 32 (1988): 211–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s0376030800020498.
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Total-reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, abbreviated as TXRF, is known for its high sensitivity down to the low pg-level or sub-ppb level, respectively, and its wide dynamic range of about three to four orders of magnitude (Yoneda and Horiuchi, 1971, Wobrauschek and Aiginger, 1980; Knoth and Schwenke, 1978 and 1980, Aiginger and Wobrausohek, 1985, Michaelis et al., 1985, Prange, 1987). Meanwhile several laboratories have purchased commercially available TXRF spectrometers and have started to report favourable about this technique. Applications have been reported from various disciplines: These are estuarine and marine water quality management and research, air pollution studies, mineralogical investigations, biology and medicine (Prange, 1987, Prange et al, 1985; Prange and Kremling, 1985, Prange et al., 1987, Stöβel and Prange, 1985, Michaelis, 1986, Ketelsen and Knöchel, 1985, Leland et al., 1987, von Bohlen et al., 1987, Junge et al., 1983, Hentschke et al., 1985, Hentschke et al., 1985, Gerwinski and Goetz, 1987, von Bohlen et al., 1987), In spite of its close kinship to conventional EDXRF , TXRF is quite different with respect to operation and performance and provides complementary capabilities.
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Gladun, Daryna. "PERFORMANCE AND TEXT (BASED UPON THE MATERIALS FROM ONLINE ARCHIVE ‘ODESSA ART IN 1980-S’)." Fìlologìčnì traktati 12, no. 1 (2020): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/ftrk.2020.12(1)-3.
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The article studies the role of the text in performances conducted during 1980s in Odessa by the participants of so-called ‘Odessa school’ Serhiy Anufriyev, Leonid Voytsekhov, Yuriy Leyderman, Svitlana Martynchyk, Volodymyr Naumets, Alexander Petrelli, Oleh Petrenko, Liydmyla Skrypkina, Ihor Styopin, Ihor Tshatskin (solo or as participants of art groups ‘IU’, ‘Martynchyky’, ‘Pertsi’. Following research discovers, systematizes, and analyzes materials of online archive ‘Odessa Art of 1980s’ created in 2000 by Odessa Centre of Contemporary Art in collaboration with Institute of Contemporary Art. The article, therefore, overviews over twenty individual and collective pieces of Performance Art, in particular: ‘Cross-Zero’ (1982), ‘Russian Idyll ’ (1982), ‘Pacifist Demonstration’ (1983), ‘Leaning Against Pillar’ (1983), «[Among Other Things]» (1983), ‘I Admire Friends’ (1983), ‘David’s Shield’ (1983), «Basin» (dedicated to ‘Muhomory’) (1984), ‘This Secret Word’ (1984), ‘Flag Killing Methods’ (1985), ‘There I Were a Man’ (1985), ‘To Hit a Wall and a Black Wife’ (1987), ‘Like a Shot’ (1987), ‘The Most Precious’ (1987), ‘Exploration of Art Deposits’ (1987), ‘Vasia Was Here’ (1987) etc. as well as performance-exhibition ‘Relatives’ (1983). The attribution and description of all studied pieces of Performance Art is based exclusively on the data gained from the online archive (even though some of the data are controversial). The performances mentioned in the archive are catalogized. The main challenges of the archive-based research in performance studies are underlined.
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CAO, THI KIM THU, and YEON JAE BAE. "Phanoperla namcattien, a new stonefly from Vietnam (Plecoptera: Perlidae)." Zootaxa 1983, no. 1 (2009): 66–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1983.1.6.
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The stonefly genus Phanoperla Banks is endemic to the Oriental region, and occurs from insular and peninsular Southeast Asia to the Indian subcontinent, including Sri Lanka and the Himalayas (Sivec et al. 1988, Zwick 1982), and 19 species are known from the region (Kawai 1968, Zwick 1982, Zwick 1986, Zwick & Sivec 1985, Stark 1983, 1987, Cao et al. 2007). Adults of four species of Phanoperla were recorded in Vietnam by Zwick (1986): P. imitatrix Zwick, 1986, P. malayana Zwick, 1982, P. simplex Zwick, 1982, and P. vietnamensis Zwick, 1986. Stark (1987) provided additional locality data regarding Phanoperla from Vietnam. As part of a series of studies of stonefly systematics in Vietnam, we are describing one new species of Phanoperla based on our samples from southern Vietnam.
8
Swanson, Steven R., and Gary Wegner. "A Spectrophotometry Atlas of White Dwarfs Compiled from the IUE Archives." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 114 (1989): 149–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100099474.
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In the past ten years, more than 775 low resolution spectra of white dwarfs have been taken with the International Ultraviolet Explorer satellite (IUE). This wealth of information has yielded many new discoveries in the field of white dwarf research; a few of which include: the λ1400 and λ1600 quasi-molecular features discovered in hydrogen rich DA white dwarfs (Greenstein 1980; Wegner 1982, 1984; Nelan and Wegner 1985; and Koester et. al. 1985), strong C I lines in some DQ white dwarfs (Koester, Weidemann, and Vauclair 1980; Wegner 1981a,b), and the absence of these same lines in hotter DB white dwarfs by Wegner and Nelan (1987) which may indicate convective mixing (Pelletier et al. 1986).
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Mellam, Albert. "The Incidence of Homesickness in a Third World University." South Pacific Journal of Psychology 5 (1992): 21–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0257543400001498.
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Geographical relocation is often associated with problems adjusting to the new physical and sociocultural environment (Totman, 1979) and with the stress of disruption to lifestyle routines (Cochrane, 1983; Cochrane & Stopes-Roe, 1980). Relocation commonly entails culture shock, financial difficulties, separation from family, racial discrimination, and language difficulties (Murphy, 1977; Oberg, 1960); frequent relocation is also associated with illness (Stokols, Shumaker, & Martinez, 1983).One group of people who tend to relocate relatively frequently consists of students, many of whom do report difficulties attributed to relocation (Anderson & Fleming, 1985; Fulmer, Medalie, & Lord, 1982; Simmonds, 1987). Their problems appear to be common to those of migrants in general (Cochrane, 1983; Cochrane & Stopes-Roe, 1980). One very frequent complaint is the familiar one of homesickness.Homesickness is commonly used to describe any condition of unhappiness or malaise which follows a transition to a new environment (Fisher, 1988). Denoted as “pining for home” (Chambers Dictionary, 1972) or “depressed by absence from home” (Concise Oxford Dictionary, 1964), students reportedly agree that homesickness has four main elements: missing home, missing family, longing to see friends, and wanting to go home (Brewin, Furnham, & Howes, 1989).Recent studies conducted in Scotland found that homesickness affected 60 to 70 percent of native first-year students (Fisher, Fraser, & Murray, 1984; Fisher, Fraser, & Murray, 1985), a figure which approximates that found for boarding school students (Fisher, Fraser, & Murray, 1986). Homesickness was associated with cognitive failures, poor concentration, handing in work late, and decrement of work quality (Fisher et al., 1985; Fisher & Hood, 1987). In other words, there was some evidence that homesickness may affect academic performance.
10
Dauvin, Jean-Claude, and Denise Bellan-Santini. "Illustrated Key to Ampelisca Species from the North-Eastern Atlantic." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 68, no. 4 (1988): 659–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400028782.
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The genus Ampelisca comprises more than 150 species and is one of the more important benthic genus of marine amphipods. New species are regularly added (Barnard & Agard 1986; Bellan-Santini & Marques, 1986; Goeke, 1987). Ampelisca are found from the intertidal zone to abyssal depths but most of them live on the continental shelf. In spite of many studies, it is often difficult to distinguish some species which are morphologically similar. In the last ten years, twenty-two species have been described from the north-eastern Atlantic (BellanSantini & Kaïm-Malka, 1977; Bellan-Santini & Dauvin, 1981, 1986; Dauvin & Bellan-Santini, 1982, 1985; Bellan-Santini & Marques, 1986). Materials come from MNHN of Paris collection, collected by Chevreux (1894–1924) (Dauvin & Bellan-Santini, 1985, 1986) and specimens collected during the last 25 years. All these new species are described from the Atlantic coast from northern Brittany to the Sahara and from the Mediterranean Sea.
11
Fechhelm, Robert G., and William B. Griffiths. "Effect of Wind on the Recruitment of Canadian Arctic Cisco (Coregonus autumnalis) into the Central Alaskan Beaufort Sea." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 47, no. 11 (1990): 2164–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f90-241.
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The recruitment of age 0+ Arctic cisco (Coregonus autumnalis) from Canada into the Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, area for the period 1981–88 was compared with summer wind data collected at Barter Island, Alaska. Four years of poor recruitment (1981, 1982, 1984, and 1988) were characterized by winds with net easterly components [Formula: see text] for the period 1 July—15 August. Four years in which moderate to strong recruitment occurred (1983, 1985, 1986, and 1987) were characterized by winds with net easterly components [Formula: see text]. Results suggest that the recruitment of young-of-the-year Arctic cisco from Canada to central Alaska is strongly influenced by wind-driven currents along the Beaufort Sea coast. Recruitment may be impaired by the absence of "strong" east winds without the actual presence of prevailing west winds.
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Harding, Courtenay M., Joseph Zubin, and John S. Strauss. "Chronicity in Schizophrenia: Revisited." British Journal of Psychiatry 161, S18 (1992): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s0007125000298887.
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Derived simply from the Greek workchronos, meaning time, the label ‘chronic’ denotes an illness of long duration or one of frequent recurrence. However, when chronic is paired with schizophrenia, as in ‘this person is a chronic schizophrenic’, the connotation becomes an expectation of deterioration, defect, or deficit states (Cutting, 1983). These perceptions about schizophrenia have pervaded and guided clinical judgements (Feighneret al, 1972; American Psychiatric Association, 1980, 1987), treatment programming (Bachrach, 1979; Lamb, 1981; Strauss & Glazer, 1982), policy formulation (Greenblatt, 1978; Talbott, 1979), and decisions about priority for funding (Kraft, 1981). These perceptions have also stripped hopes of recovery from patients and their families (Chamberlin, 1979; Lovejoy, 1984). Further, the use of phrases such as ‘deinstitutionalisation of chronic mental patients’ glosses over the large heterogeneity of patient types, courses of illness and recovery, and the actual shifts in composition and migrations of groups of patients within society (Lamb, 1979; Leighton, 1982; Harding & Ashikaga, 1982).
13
Smoliński, J., J. L. Climenhaga, and J. M. Fletcher. "Mass ejections from the G-type hypergiant HR 8752." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 113 (1989): 131–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100004383.
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One of the most luminous stars in our Galaxy (Humphreys 1988) HR 8752 = HD 217476 (G0 Ia), is similar in some respects to Luminous Blue Variables. Studies by several authors (Sargent 1965; Smoliński 1971; Smoliński et al. 1977; Stickland and Harmer 1978; Lambert and Luck 1978; Lambert et al. 1981; Smoliński et al. 1986; Sheffer and Lambert 1987) have contributed to the understanding of activities in the atmosphere of this star, but its nature is still not well understood.
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Escher, J. C., F. Kalsbeek, O. Larsen, T. F. D. Nielsen, and P. N. Taylor. "Reconnaissance dating of Archaean rocks from South-East Greenland." Rapport Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse 130 (December 31, 1986): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.34194/rapggu.v130.7948.
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A major project of geological investigations in South-East Greenland is planned for 1986 and 1987 with the aim of producing sheet 14 of the 1:500000 geological map series covering Greenland. The northern part of the map sheet is occupied by the Nagssugtoqidian mobile belt, and the southern part consists mainly of Archaean rocks. Because of difficulties of access, the Archaean part of the area is poorly known. Geological reconnaissance has been carried out by Bridgwater & Gormsen (1969), and, as a preparation for the 1986 and 1987 expeditions, by Escher & Nielsen (1982, 1983) and Nielsen & Escher (1985). This report presents reconnaissance Rb-Sr and Pb-Pb whole-rock age determinations from the Archaean part of the map sheet.
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Ebel, John E. "A Comparison of the 1981, 1982, 1986 and 1987–1988 Microearthquake Swarms At Moodus, Connecticut." Seismological Research Letters 60, no. 4 (1989): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.60.4.177.
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Abstract Four extensive microearthquake swarms, in 1981, 1982, 1986 and 1987–1988, have occurred near Moodus, Connecticut since the installation of a dense local monitoring network in 1979. All of the swarms have been accompanied by at least one event of M≥2.0, have had depths of less than 2.4 km, and have originated from one small primary source volume. A few of the events from 1981 and 1982 were located about 1.5 km west to southwest of this primary source locality. The time histories and energy releases have varied from swarm to swarm, with the 1981 and 1982 swarms having some foreshocks, a main shock, and a decaying aftershock pattern. The 1986 and 1987–1988 swarms were more distributed in time and totaled fewer events than the earlier swarms. The b-value for the 1987–1988 swarm is closer to that of the foreshocks from 1981 and 1982 than that of the aftershocks from those swarms. The 1980’s have been an unusually active period at Moodus, but the geologic and seismological evidence are ambiguous as to the cause the Moodus earthquakes and how large an event can take place at this locality.
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XU, ZAIFU, MASSIMO OLMI, ADALGISA GUGLIELMINO, and HUAYAN CHEN. "Checklist of Dryinidae (Hymenoptera) from Guangdong Province, China, with descriptions of two new species." Zootaxa 3231, no. 1 (2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3231.1.1.
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Five subfamilies, 11 genera and 77 species of Dryinidae are listed from Guangdong Province. Two new species, Anteonpteromaculatum Xu, Olmi, Guglielmino & Chen, sp. nov. and Dryinus nanlingensis Xu, Olmi, Guglielmino & Chen, sp.nov. are described from Nanling National Nature Reserve. New synonymies are proposed for Dryinus indicus (Kieffer,1914) (=Chlorodryinus koreanus Móczár, 1983, syn. nov.; Dryinus masneri Olmi, 2009, syn. nov.), Gonatopus nearcticus(Fenton, 1927) (=Acrodontochelys sinensis Olmi, 1984, syn. nov.). Ten species, Anteon atrum Olmi, 1998, A. silvicolumOlmi, 1984, A. viraktamathi Olmi, 1987, Deinodryinus asiaticus Olmi, 1984, Dryinus krombeini Ponomarenko, 1981,Neodryinus sumatranus Enderlein, 1907, Gonatopus malesiae (Olmi, 1984), Gonatopus validus (Olmi, 1984), G. plebeius(Perkins, 1912), and G. asiaticus (Olmi, 1984) are newly recorded from China. Anteon nanlingense Xu, Olmi & He, 2011is newly recorded from Indonesia. Twenty-seven species are newly recorded from Guangdong Province. Ten species, including new ones, are known from Guangdong Province only.
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Kingdon, D. "Mental health services: results of a survey of English district plans." Psychiatric Bulletin 13, no. 2 (1989): 77–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.13.2.77.
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In November 1987, I wrote to the ‘Planning Officer (Mental Health)’ of the 192 English Health Authorities requesting a copy of the section of their 1984 Strategic Plan dealing with mental health and any recent update. A checklist of information to be analysed was drawn up on the basis of an initial reading of the plans. This contained a substantial proportion of the elements for a comprehensive service listed by Hirsch (1988) and by MIND (1983). Replies were received from 137 (71%) of the health authorities. Of these, 127 (67%) sent planning documents, ten wrote saying that their plans were under review and therefore unavailable, or “meaningless”. Strategies were sent dated 1983 (2), 1984/5 (63), 1986 (11) and 1987/8 (45). Planning reports and Short Term Programmes were also sent which meant that four (3%) provided information updated to 1988, 74 (58%) to 1987, 16 (13%) to 1986, 17 (13%) to 1985, 15 (12%) to 1984, with one giving details relating to 1983 only.
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HUANG, MIN, and WERNER E. HOLZINGER. "Cixiidae (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha) from Namibia, with records from neighbouring countries." Zootaxa 2717, no. 1 (2019): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2717.1.2.
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The Cixiidae (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha) fauna of Namibia and the Cixiidae collection of the National Museum Windhoek are revised. Six species, Atonurus meridianus (Van Stalle, 1984), Eumecurus kibuyanus (Fennah, 1955), E. decempunctatus (Van Stalle, 1984), E. eryx (Fennah, 1957), E. mashonanus (Van Stalle, 1987) and E. incompletus (Van Stalle, 1983), are reported from Namibia for the first time. Thus, 19 Cixiidae species (one Duiliini, 18 Pentastirini) are present in Namibia. In addition, one new species, Eumecurus skofitschii Huang & Holzinger nov. spec., is described from Angola, and Eumecurus zairensis (Van Stalle, 1987) is recorded from Malawi for the first time.
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Pelto, Mauri S. "The Annual Balance of North Cascade Glaciers, Washington, U.S.A., Measured and Predicted Using An Activity-Index Method." Journal of Glaciology 34, no. 117 (1988): 194–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022143000032238.
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AbstractThe annual balance has been measured for ten North Cascade glaciers in 1983–84, 1984–85, 1985–86, and 1986–87 (1984, 1985, 1986, and 1987). Based on these data, an annual balance prediction method was designed and tested. Comparison of measured versus predicted annual balances indicates an accuracy of ±0.22–0.30 m. The method is based on annual measurement of the accumulation area ratio (AAR), and determination of the perennially constant activity index and area-altitude distribution on each glacier. The accumulation area ratio is determined from aerial and ground photographs at the end of the ablation season. The activity index is identified from observation of the rise of the snow line with time, compared to measured snow depths above the snow line. The AAR-activity index method was used to calculate the annual balance of 47 North Cascade glaciers in 1984, 1985, 1986, and 1987. The mean balance during the 4 year period was —0.33 m.From the mass-balance records, it is apparent that North Cascade glaciers can be divided into six climatic sensitivity groups. Each glacier type responds differently to specific climatic conditions. The mass-balance variation for glaciers of the same type is small.Since 1977, warmer, drier climatic conditions have prevailed in the North Cascades, resulting in the retreat of 42 of the 47 glaciers examined.
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Pelto, Mauri S. "The Annual Balance of North Cascade Glaciers, Washington, U.S.A., Measured and Predicted Using An Activity-Index Method." Journal of Glaciology 34, no. 117 (1988): 194–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0022143000032238.
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AbstractThe annual balance has been measured for ten North Cascade glaciers in 1983–84, 1984–85, 1985–86, and 1986–87 (1984, 1985, 1986, and 1987). Based on these data, an annual balance prediction method was designed and tested. Comparison of measured versus predicted annual balances indicates an accuracy of ±0.22–0.30 m. The method is based on annual measurement of the accumulation area ratio (AAR), and determination of the perennially constant activity index and area-altitude distribution on each glacier. The accumulation area ratio is determined from aerial and ground photographs at the end of the ablation season. The activity index is identified from observation of the rise of the snow line with time, compared to measured snow depths above the snow line. The AAR-activity index method was used to calculate the annual balance of 47 North Cascade glaciers in 1984, 1985, 1986, and 1987. The mean balance during the 4 year period was —0.33 m.From the mass-balance records, it is apparent that North Cascade glaciers can be divided into six climatic sensitivity groups. Each glacier type responds differently to specific climatic conditions. The mass-balance variation for glaciers of the same type is small.Since 1977, warmer, drier climatic conditions have prevailed in the North Cascades, resulting in the retreat of 42 of the 47 glaciers examined.
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Fechhelm, Robert G., James D. Bryan, William B. Griffiths, William J. Wilson, and Benny J. Gallaway. "Effect of Coastal Winds on the Summer Dispersal of Young Least Cisco (Coregonus sardinella) from the Colville River to Prudhoe Bay, Alaska: A Simulation Model." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 51, no. 4 (1994): 890–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f94-088.
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A one-dimensional advection model was used to simulate the movement of young (< 180 mm) anadromous least cisco (Coregonus sardinella) along the Beaufort Sea coast between the Colville River and Prudhoe Bay, Alaska. Two versions of the model simulated eastward movement during the month of July as the sum of wind-induced transport and constant dispersion. Model results were compared with fyke-net catch data collected from 1981 to 1992. Of the 12 years examined, the models correctly simulated no major arrival of fish in 1983, 1985, 1986, 1987, and 1992, simulated the exact day of arrival in 1981, 1989, and 1991, and were in error by 1 d in 1988. Approximately 71% of the error between simulated and observed arrival dates was associated with three specific years: 1982, 1984, and 1990. The model suggests that wind-governed circulation may reasonably account for the presence of young Colville River least cisco in the Prudhoe Bay area. Results are discussed in terms of their relevance for assessing the effects of Arctic oil development on regional fishery resources.
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Steitz, Thomas A. "Structural studies of protein–nucleic acid interaction: the sources of sequence-specific binding." Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics 23, no. 3 (1990): 205–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033583500005552.
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Structural studies of DNA-binding proteins and their complexes with DNA have proceeded at an accelerating pace in recent years due to important technical advances in molecular genetics, DNA synthesis, protein crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance. The last major review on this subject by Pabo & Sauer (1984) summarized the structural and functional studies of the three sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins whose crystal structures were then known, the E. coli catabolite gene activator protein (CAP) (McKay & Steitz, 1981; McKay et al. 1982; Weber & Steitz, 1987), a cro repressor from phage λ (Anderson et al. 1981), and the DNA-binding proteolytic fragment of λcI repressor protein (Pabo & Lewis, 1982) Although crystallographic studies of the E. coli lac repressor protein were initiated as early as 1971 when it was the only regulatory protein available in sufficient quantities for structural studies (Steitz et al. 1974), little was established about the structural aspects of DNA-binding proteins until the structure of CAP was determined in 1980 followed shortly thereafter by the structure of λcro repressor and subsequently that of the λ repressor fragment. There are now determined at high resolution the crystal structures of seven prokaryotic gene regulatory proteins or fragments [CAP, λcro, λcI repressor fragment, 434 repressor fragment (Anderson et al. 1987), 434 cro repressor (Wolberger et al. 1988), E. coli trp repressor (Schevitz et al. 1985), E. coli met repressor (Rafferty et al. 1989)], EcoR I restriction endonuclease (McClarin et al. 1986), DNAse I (Suck & Ofner, 1986), the catalytic domain of γδ resolvase (Hatfull et al. 1989) and two sequence-independent double-stranded DNA-binding proteins [the Klenow fragment of E. coli DNA polymerase I (Ollis et al. 1985) and the E. coli Hu protein (Tanaka et al., 1984)].
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Castro, B. G., and A. Guerra. "Feeding Pattern of Sepia Officinalis (Cephalopoda: Sepiodidea) In The Ria De Vigo (Nw Spain)." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 69, no. 3 (1989): 545–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400030952.
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The importance of feeding pattern is well documented in fish (Jenkins & Green, 1977; Simenstad & Cailliet, 1986) but there are not many reported studies in cephalopods. Feeding patterns, as defined by Jenkins & Green (1977) have been studied, to our knowledge, only in Todarodes pacificus (Okiyama, 1965), Loligo pealei (Vovk, 1972), Loligo opalescens (Karpov & Cailliet, 1978), Illex illecebrosus (Amaratunga et ah, 1979; Amaratunga, 1980) and Nototodarus gouldi (O'Sullivan & Cullen, 1983). Boyle (1983) dealt with aspects of feeding in several cephalopod species but not specifically with feeding pattern. Aspects of feeding in Sepia officinalis have been reviewed by Nixon (1987). The present work describes the daily feeding pattern in Sepia officinalis from data collected in the field.
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Morales, Oscar Ernesto. "Salvadorean Red Cross Society: Reflections on the subject: Development of National Societies and Co-operation." International Review of the Red Cross 28, no. 264 (1988): 228–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002086040007385x.
Full textAbstract:
We can say from experience that the ideas put forward in the document “Strategy for the development of National Societies in the Eighties” have served as a reference in the preparation of our general plans for the periods 1980–1985, 1982–1986 and 1987–1990.
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White, D. "The Pennsylvania University Museum's Demeter and Persephone Sanctuary Project at Cyrene: A Final Progress Report?" Libyan Studies 20 (January 1989): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263718900006609.
Full textAbstract:
Trigeminated at more or less the same time as the First of September Revolution and the appearance of the first published report from The Society for Libyan Studies, the excavation phase of the extramural Sanctuary of Demeter and Persephone project at Cyrene ran until 1978 when it was stopped in order to begin work on final publication. The intervening years have seen a degree of progress, and this retrospective vicenary issue of Libyan Studies provides a welcome opportunity to take stock of what has been and is going on. The journal's readers will already have some familiarity with the broad outlines of the sanctuary project, since summary articles have been published in an earlier issue (White 1978) and elsewhere (Vickers and Reynolds 1972; Kane 1979; Humphrey 1980; White 1981). In addition reviews of the three published volumes of the final report (White 1984; Schaus 1985; Lowenstam et al. 1987) have appeared here with exemplary promptitude (Lloyd 1985; Boardman 1986; Fulford 1988), as well as externally (Brown 1986; Tomlinson 1986; Cook 1987). The present article's bibliographical citations list what has been written about the sanctuary, but omit the series of preliminary reports in Libya Antiqua (between Vols. 8 and 16) and American Journal of Archaeology (Vols. 78 and 80), whose inclusion would be redundant, as would be any attempt to minute the contents of the reviewed final study volumes. Instead my present intention is to give a short report on work in progress and to summarise the results of what has already been published in separate studies outside the framework of the final publication.
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Mikolajewski, M., and J. Mikolajewska. "An “Accretor-Propeller” Model of CH Cygni." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 103 (1988): 233–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100103513.
Full textAbstract:
The most spectacular episode in the history of CH Cyg was undoubtedly a sudden drop of brightness (by about 1 mag) during the last weak of July 1984, coinciding with the ejection of two collimated jets (Taylor et al. 1985) perpendicular to the line of sight (Solf 1987) and the orbital plane (Luud et al. 1986). Supercritical accretion cannot be responsible for the jet ejection mechanism, because the luminosity of the accreting component was always about 2 orders of magnitude lower than the Eddington limit (Mikolajewska et al. 1987). This mechanism is also inconsistent with the rapid drop of brightness coinciding with the ejection of material. Simultaneously, it is conspicuous that the increase of brightness to optical maximum was also rapid (∼1 mag from July to September 1981; e.g. Kaler et al. 1983).
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Feldhusen, John F. "Talent Identification and Development in Education (TIDE)." Gifted Education International 10, no. 1 (1994): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026142949401000103.
Full textAbstract:
Talents emerge from general ability as a confluence of genetic dispositions, home and school experiences, and students' unique interests and learning styles. Gagné (1985) delineated a general pattern of talent development in youth, and other researchers (Bloom, 1985; Gagné, 1985; Keating, 1979; MacKinnon, 1978; Tannenbaum, 1983; Taylor, 1978; and Reis & Renzulli, 1986) have explicated the nature and development of talents. Our own model is represented in Figure 1. We see genetic factors as determining potential strengths and setting limits to the extent of talent development. Those who are likely to go on to high level talent development will exhibit precocity early on. Abilities, aptitudes, and intelligences emerge as a result of experiences, motivations, and styles. Creative insight skills (Davidson & Sternberg, 1984) a functional knowledge base (Glaser, 1984), and metacognitive creativity skills (Beyer, 1987) provide the final underpinning for the emergence of specific talents.
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Singh, Rajendra. "How to Live with External Evidence in Phonology: A Note on the Challenge of Interference." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 33, no. 4 (1988): 423–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008413100013219.
Full textAbstract:
As far as phonology and morphology are concerned, the available evidence indicates that the role of L1 in shaping interlanguage is confined to those of its rules that are needed to account for its global alternations, alternations that are independent of its morphology (cf. Cearly 1974, Dressler 1985, Kilbury 1981, Singh and Ford 1982, 1987, Singh and Martohardjono 1989, Wode 1978, and Wurzel 1977, among others). The rules needed to account for the local, morphologically dependent alternations of L1 or the ones needed to account for its word-formation processes do not play such a role. Interference, in other words, can be caused only by across-the-board phonological rules of L1. So-called morphophonemic rules of L1 do not cause it, and morphological interference from L1 seems not to exist as word-formation errors in intermorphology are the results of illegal extensions of L2 word-formation rules (cf. Singh 1989 and Singh and Martohardjono 1989). The purpose of this note is to critically examine the accounts contemporary theories of phonology provide of this state of affairs and to argue that the account provided by the sort of theory proposed in Ford and Singh (1983, 1985a, 1985b) and Singh and Ford (1982, 1987) is the most satisfactory one.
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Pledge, Neville S. "A new koala (Marsupialia:Phascolarctidae) from the late Oligocene Etadunna Formation, Lake Eyre Basin, South Australia." Australian Mammalogy 32, no. 2 (2010): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am09014.
Full textAbstract:
An isolated upper molar represents Litokoala thurmerae sp. nov., the eighth species of phascolarctid marsupial (koalas) from the South Australian mid-Tertiary sequence, and the fourth from the late Oligocene Etadunna Formation at Lake Palankarinna. It is the smallest and oldest species, differing from L. kutjamarpensis (Stirton et al. 1967), L. kanunkaensis (Springer 1987) and L. dicktedfordi, sp. nov. (the Riversleigh specimens referred to L. kanunkaensis and L. kutjamarpensis (Black and Archer 1997; Louys et al. 2007) but described here as a new species) in size, and the almost total lack of crenulations on the surfaces of the cusps. This brings to at least five the number of probably arboreal mammal species in the Ngama Local Fauna (Pledge 1984) of Mammalon Hill, Lake Palankarinna – the others being Ektopodon stirtoni (Pledge 1986), Pildra magnus (Pledge 1987a), P. sp. cf. kutjamarpensis (ibid.), and Burramys wakefieldi (Pledge 1987b) – and further supports the riparian forest environment interpretation proposed for this part of the Etadunna sequence (Pledge 1984; Martin 2006).
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Gentien, P., and G. Arzul. "Exotoxin production by Gyrodinium Cf. aureolum (Dinophyceae)." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 70, no. 3 (1990): 571–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400036596.
Full textAbstract:
Summer outbreaks of Gyrodinium aureolum in European coastal waters have been described since 1966 (Braarud & Heimdal, 1970). The coincidence of G. aureolum blooms and observations of noxious effects on fauna (Widdows et al., 1979; Tangen, 1977; Jones et al., 1982; Southgate et al., 1984; Potts & Edwards, 1987; Thain & Watts, 1987) is well documented. However, great differences in toxic effects have been found in in vitro studies (Partensky & Sournia, 1986), with critical cell densities varying from 6×105 cells 1−1 to 3×107 cells 1−1. Production of a lethal agent has been suggested by Turner et al. (1987). More recently, the toxic principle has been identified by Yasumoto et al. (1989).
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Redfearn, Jr., Paul L. "Tropical component of the Moss Flora of China." Bryophyte Diversity and Evolution 2, no. 1 (1990): 201–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/bde.2.1.18.
Full textAbstract:
In many ways, it is presumptuous for me to speak on the mosses of the tropical regions of China. Many consider the knowledge about the taxonomy, ecology, and geography of tropical bryophytes inadequate (Pócs 1982; Schuster 1983; Richards 1984), and this is certainly the case for the bryophytes of the tropical regions of China. The taxonomy of Chinese taxa is generally in a state of disarray. Early workers, both Chinese and others, have tended to describe new species based upon minor or inconsequential morphological characters and without apparent reference to related taxa found outside of China. This is clear from recent monographic studies that compared Chinese taxa with taxa throughout the world. For example, Su (1988) in his studies of Homaliodendron reduced the taxa of this genus for southeast Asia from over eighteen to four. Similar synonymizing has occurred in Forsstroemia (Stark 1987), Mniaceae (Koponen 1981), Grimmia and Schistidum (Cao & Vitt 1986) and the Calymperaceae (Lin & Reese 1989). Furthermore, monographers of groups have not always been able to study adequate collections from China as for example, Noguchi’s (1976) revision of the Meteoriaceae or Nyholm’s (1971) studies on the genus Atrichum. Even recent monographic or revisionary studies such as those on Leucodon (Akiyama 1988), Trachyloma (Miller & Manuel 1982), Glossadelphus (Tixier 1988), Entodon (Hu 1983), Ctenidium (Nishimura 1985), Forsstroemia (Stark 1987), Gollania (Higuchi 1985) or Fissidens (Li 1985) appear to have had only those collections from China for study that were available in herbaria outside of China. The cause for this probably rests with the difficulty of borrowing material from Chinese herbaria. Even when specimens are loaned by Chinese herbaria the borrower gets only a small sample of what may be present. Herbaria I have visited in China have huge backlogs of unprocessed or unidentified collections. In many cases these collections come from significant regions such as western Sichuan, Yunnan and the tropical regions of Xizang (Tibet).
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Brooks, Ronald J., Gregory P. Brown, and David A. Galbraith. "Effects of a sudden increase in natural mortality of adults on a population of the common snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 69, no. 5 (1991): 1314–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z91-185.
Full textAbstract:
A northern population of snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina) centred around Lake Sasajewun in the Wildlife Research Area in Algonquin Park, Ontario, has been studied and individually marked since 1972. From 1972 to 1985, annual mortality and survivorship of adult females had been estimated at 1 and 96.6%, respectively, and only six dead turtles were found. Lake Sasajewun's population of C. serpentina was estimated in 1978–1979 and 1984–1985 at 38 and 47 adults, respectively. From 1976 to 1987, total number of nests found in the study area remained fairly constant and there were no significant changes in mean clutch size, mean clutch mass, or mean egg mass. On the main nest site, recruitment from 1976 to 1987 was 1.15 (1.8%) new females per year. From 1987 to 1989, we found 34 dead adult snapping turtles in the Wildlife Research Area. Observations of freshly dead animals indicated that most were killed by otters (Lutra canadensis) during the turtles' winter hibernation. A few uninjured turtles also died of septicemia in early spring shortly after emerging from hibernation. The estimated number of adults in Lake Sasajewun was 31 in 1988–1989, and the minimum number of adult residents known to be alive in the lake dropped from 47 in 1986 to 16 in 1989. In 1986 and 1987, annual adult female survivorship was estimated at 80 and 55%, respectively, and estimated numbers of nesting females declined from 82 in 1986 to 71 and 55 in 1987 and 1988, respectively. The actual number of nests found declined by 38 and 20% over the same periods. Although no significant differences occurred in mean egg mass or mean clutch size between 1987 and 1989 and earlier years, the mean clutch mass in 1988 was larger than in 1977 or 1978. This difference appeared to be due to a gradual increase in the mean age and body size of breeding females rather than to density-dependent changes. Recruitment into the adult breeding female population in 1987–1989 remained less than two individuals per year. Hatchling survival and number of juveniles were low throughout the study. Our observations support the view that populations of species with high, stochastic juvenile mortality and long adult life spans may be decimated quickly by increased mortality of adult animals, particularly if numbers of juveniles and immigrants are low. Recovery of such populations should be very slow because of a lack of effective density-dependent response in reproduction and recruitment.
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Nielsen, T. F. D., and J. C. Escher. "Reconnaissance investigations in the Skjoldungen region, South-East Greenland." Rapport Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse 140 (December 31, 1988): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.34194/rapggu.v140.8040.
Full textAbstract:
From 1 July to 25 August 1987 a GGU expedition made reconnaissance investigations between 62°N and 64°20'N in South-East Greenland. The programme was a continuation of the investigations in the Ammassalikl Angmagssalik distriet in 1986 (Kalsbeek & Nielsen, 1987) and the completion of the fieldwork describing areas in East Greenland between 62°30'N and 65°45'N for the planned map sheet (no. 14) in the 1:500 000 geological map series. The Skjoldungen district was known mainly from previous boat-supported work in the coastal areas as described by Bridgwater & Gormsen, 1969; Andrews et al., 1971, 1973; Bridgwater et al., 1976; Escher & Nielsen, 1982, 1983; Nielsen & Escher 1985 and Escher et al., 1986.
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Bravo, Susana Patricia. "From which Ocotea diospyrifolia trees does Alouatta caraya (Primates, Atelidae) eat fruits?" Journal of Tropical Ecology 28, no. 4 (2012): 417–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467412000272.
Full textAbstract:
Ecological and morphological traits of fruiting trees, such as spatial distribution (Levey et al. 1984), crop size (Howe & vande Kerckhove 1981, Korine et al. 2000, Leighton 1993, Murray 1987), local availability of fruit (Sargent 1990), seed size or pulp/seed mass ratio (Julliot 1996a, Leighton 1993, McConkey et al. 2002, Russo 2003, Stevenson et al. 2005) and nutritional value and concentration of secondary compounds (Leighton 1993, Milton 1980, Sallabanks 1993), influence fruit preference in animals. In general, frugivores maximize energy intake by consuming ripe fruit with smaller seeds, higher pulp/seed ratio, bigger crop size, more nutritional fruits or fruits with fewer secondary compounds (Howe & vande Kerckhove 1981, Julliot 1996a, Korine et al. 2000, Leighton 1993, Milton 1980, Murray 1987, Russo 2003, Stevenson et al. 2005).
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SCHOKKER, ERIX P., and MARTINUS A. J. S. VAN BOEKEL. "Heat inactivation of the extracellular proteinase from Pseudomonas fluorescens 22F: inactivation during heating up and cooling periods." Journal of Dairy Research 66, no. 3 (1999): 467–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029999003611.
Full textAbstract:
We have reported previously on the kinetics of thermal inactivation at 80–120°C of the extracellular proteinase from Pseudomonas fluorescens 22F (Schokker & van Boekel, 1997, 1999b). During these studies, we noted some inactivation during the heating up and cooling periods, but allowed for this by calculating the residual activity as a fraction of the activity after the heating up period of 2 min followed by cooling to 0°C. However, it may be of interest to evaluate the extent of inactivation during these heating up and cooling periods. If the temperature dependence of the reaction rate behaves according to Eyring's theory, inactivation would, of course, be slower than at the final heating temperature. However, during the heating and cooling of the enzyme solution, the temperature also passes the region in which autoproteolysis occurs (Schokker & van Boekel, 1998a). Prolonged residence time in the critical zone for autoproteolysis may cause increased inactivation, as has been demonstrated in electrophoresis experiments for proteinases from other Ps. fluorescens strains (Barach & Adams, 1977; Richardson, 1981; Diermayr et al. 1987). Consequently, the inactivation during the first few minutes would be dependent on factors influencing both autoproteolytic and thermal inactivation.In most of our heating experiments (Schokker & van Boekel, 1997, 1999b), inactivation during heating up was relatively rapid compared with inactivation at the final heating temperature, leading to a biphasic inactivation curve. This was also found for proteinases from many other Ps. fluorescens strains. In some studies the inactivation during heating up was not taken into account when analysing the kinetics of thermal inactivation (Patel et al. 1983; Yan et al. 1985; Fairbairn & Law, 1986), which led to misinterpretation of the mechanism or the kinetic values. Others explained the biphasic inactivation curve by autoproteolysis (Barach & Adams, 1977; Richardson, 1981; Stepaniak & Fox, 1983; Kroll & Klostermeyer, 1984; Diermayr et al. 1987), or stabilization by Ca2+ of a small portion of the proteinase to heat inactivation (Stepaniak & Fox, 1983; Azcona et al. 1988).In this paper we discuss the influence of protein, enzyme purification and Ca2+ activity on inactivation during the heating up and cooling periods. The aim of this study was to determine, using kinetic modelling, whether the inactivation during heating up and cooling periods could be explained by autoproteolysis and thermal inactivation, or whether other mechanisms are involved in the strong initial inactivation.
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Etgen, Robert J., and Ray R. Hicks. "Impact of Looper Defoliation: A Case Study in West Virginia." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 4, no. 4 (1987): 201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/4.4.201.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract In 1984, measurements of site and stand conditions and tree mortality were taken from 141 tenth-acre plots located within stands defoliated by loopers from 1981-1983, including 35 undefoliated control plots. Mortality due to loopers was expanded to the total defoliation area (1 million ac in 1981, 100 thousand in 1982, and 35 thousand in 1983). Loss due to mortality amounted to 2.3 billion board feet (bbf) of sawtimber and 4.2 million cords (cd) of pulpwood, with a total estimated stumpage value of about 345 million dollars. North. J. Appl. For. 4:201-204, December 1987.
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Satterthwait, Leonn, and Andrew Heather. "Determinants of earth circle site location in the Moreton Region, southeast Queensland." Queensland Archaeological Research 4 (January 1, 1987): 5–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.25120/qar.4.1987.171.
Full textAbstract:
Several studies, both anthropological and archaeological, have drawn attention to the broader social, economic, and political implications of Aboriginal ceremonial activities, as well as highlighted the role of ceremonial involvement as a mechanism of change in Aboriginal Australia (e.g., Altman 1983, 1987; Barker 1976; Bern 1979; Hamilton 1980; Lourandos 1980, 1983, 1985; Myers 1980a, 1980b; Satterthwait 1987; Thomson 1949). The difficulty from an archaeological perspective is to locate demonstrable evidence of these activities.
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Clark, G., and G. Topping. "Mercury Concentrations in Fish From Contaminated Areas in Scottish Waters." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 69, no. 2 (1989): 437–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400029519.
Full textAbstract:
The disposal of wastes to sea is regulated internationally by the Oslo and Paris Conventions, which were ratified by the United Kingdom in 1975 and 1978 respectively. Under these Conventions the direct disposal of certain substances, for example mercury and cadmium compounds, is prohibited, unless they are present in wastes as trace constituents. Of particular concern in the case of mercury is its possible incorporation in the aquatic food chain and transfer to man via marine foodstuffs. There are many examples of accumulation of mercury by fish in contaminated areas e.g. Liverpool Bay (Norton & Murray, 1983; Franklin, 1987); Haifa Bay (Hornung & Krumgalz, 1984); Minimata Bay (Fujiki, 1980) and in river systems such as the Ems (Essink, 1980,1988).
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Johnston, Alastair I. "Party Rectification in the People's Liberation Army, 1983-87." China Quarterly 112 (December 1987): 591–630. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000027132.
Full textAbstract:
In October 1983 the secretary-general of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), Hu Yaobang, formally announced the beginning of a two-stage, three-year Party rectification. The first stage, from November 1983 to around December 1984, would concentrate on the rectification of Party committees (dangwei) and leading offices at the Centre and in the provinces, major municipalities and autonomous regions. The second stage, from early 1985 to the end of 1986, would focus on rectification of Party organizations below provincial level. In fact, however, rectification was not officially ended until May 1987.
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Nygren, Pekka, Pertti Hari, Taisto Raunemaa, et al. "Behaviour of 137Cs from Chernobyl fallout in a Scots pine canopy in southern Finland." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 24, no. 6 (1994): 1210–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x94-159.
Full textAbstract:
The behaviour of 137Cs from the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident in the Ukraine on 26 April 1986 was monitored during a 3-year period in the canopy of a young Scots pine (Pinussylvestris L.) stand in southern Finland. Needle samples were collected from the same whorls on 13 sample trees marked at the beginning of the study. The 137Cs activity of throughfall water was determined in summer 1986. The oldest needles at the time of the radioactive deposition (formed in 1983) had the highest l37Cs activity (20 000 Bq/kg) in June 1986, when the monitoring was started, 58 days after deposition. About 50% lower 137Cs activity was observed in the needles formed in 1984 and 1985, and an even lower activity of 3050 Bq/kg in the needles formed in 1986 following the incident. During the summer of 1986, the 137Cs activity of the whole canopy decreased from 106 000 to 42 500 kBq/ha, corresponding to a weathering half-life of 72 days. Washout by throughfall accounted for 79% of the decrease, while the rest was mainly due to the gradual shedding of the highly contaminated 1983 needles. The needles formed in the summers of 1987 and 1988 had rather high 137Cs activities of 2700 and 4800 Bq/kg, respectively. The reduction in the 137Cs activity of the canopy was considerably less in 1987 and 1988, with weathering half-lives of 435 and 242 days, respectively. The total 137Cs activity of the canopy was still 13 500 kBq/ha on 20 October 1988, which was 896 days after deposition. An increase in the 137Cs activity was observed in the autumns 1987 and 1988, and to a lesser degree in the autumn of 1986, a time of year when needle potassium concentrations normally tend to increase. It was concluded that the Chernobyl 137Cs had become mixed with the chemically analogous K, and was recirculated within the trees together with K.
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Imaizumi, Y. "Triplets and Higher Order Multiple Births in Japan." Acta geneticae medicae et gemellologiae: twin research 39, no. 3 (1990): 295–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001566000005201.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractMultiple birth rates in entire Japan were analyzed using vital statistics for 1951 to 1988. The triplet rate was nearly constant from 1951 to 1974, where the rate per million births was 58, then increased with the year up to 1982 (104), and decreased up to 1984, and suddenly increased thereafter (109 in 1987). The average rate of quadruplets per million births from 1951 to 1968 was 0.93, then increased with the year up to 1975 (7.5), and decreased until 1984 and suddenly increased thereafter (10.6 in 1987). The rate of quintuplets was 0.77 per million births during the period from 1975 to 1987. The higher multiple birth rate since 1975 was attributed to the higher proportion of mothers treated with ovulation-inducing hormones in Japan. Since 1985, higher multiple birth rates might be partially attributed to in vitro fertilization. The stillbirth rates for male triplets gradually decreased from 1960 to 1978 and thereafter remained constant at a little higher level except in 1988, whereas the rates for females gradually decreased with the year. The overall stillbirth rates decreased to 1/4 for triplets and to 1/5 for quadruplets during the 37-year period from 1951. The overall stillbirth rate of quintuplets was 0.60 (51/85) during the period 1975-1987.
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Aikawa, Toshiki. "Intermittent Transition to Irregular Pulsation with Mass Loss in Hydrodynamic Models." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 108 (1988): 193–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100093799.
Full textAbstract:
Hydrodynamic simulations of non-linear pulsation for less-massive cooler supergiants have been perfoemed by several authors (Tuchman, Sack and Barkat, 1979; Fadeyev and Tutukov, 1981; Fadeyev, 1982, 1984; Nakata, 1987; Buchler et al., 1987). The outburst of large amplitude pulsation at times is one of common features of these models, and renders mass-loss from the atmosphere of pulsating stars by generating strong shock waves.To find out routes of the transition from limit cycles to this type of irregular pulsation, we performed hydrodynamic simulations for a series of models the luminosity log(L/L⊙ ) = 3.505, and Te = 5300 K with a narrow range of the mass, 1.4 M⊙<M<1.5 M⊙ by using the hydrodynamic code, TGRID (Simon and Aikawa, 1986).
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Pronik, I. I. "The NGC 1275 Galaxy Nucleus Emission Spectrum Variability at Various Stages of Activity." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 134 (1989): 88–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900140434.
Full textAbstract:
Emission lines variability of Seyfert galaxy NGC 1275 nucleus in the scales of years and months has been observed since 1971 (I. Pronik, 1980). The photoelectric observations of I. Pronik and N. Merkulova (1987) show, that the variability in Hβ and 4959+ 5007 A [OIII] lines occurs also in the time scale of several days. Hereinafter the analysis of Hβ and [OIII] variable emission lines within months is presented according to photographic observations carried out from 1971 till 1982 by I. Pronik (1980), V. Doroshenko and V. Terebizh (1983) and K. Chuvaev (1985).
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Chapelle, Carol A. "Call–English as a Second Language." Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 16 (March 1996): 138–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0267190500001483.
Full textAbstract:
CALL for English as a second language1 is an interdisciplinary area of inquiry which has been influenced primarily by educational technology (Reiser, 1987) but also by fields such as computational linguistics2 and recently by applied linguistics as well. These related fields contribute diverse epistemologies which shape CALL research questions and methods. The diversity in CALL research can also be explained in party be the current variety of approaches to CALL development and use. Through the 1970s and early 1980s, pedagogical objectives in CALL were focused primarily, although not exclusively, on improving specified areas of learner's grammatical knowledge through approaches borrowed from educational technology (Hart 1981, Hope, Taylor and Pusack 1984, Wyatt 1984). Today, in contrast, CALL is used for a variety of pedagogical objectives through many different types of software such as microworlds (Coleman 1985, Papert 1980), grammar checkers (Hull, Ball, Fox, Levin and McCutchen 1987), pronunciation feedback systems (Anderson-Hseih 1994, Pennington 1991), intelligent tutoring systems (Chanier, Pengelly, Twidale and Self 1992), concordancer programs (Johns 1986, Tribble and Jones 1990), word processing (Pennington 1993), and software for computer-mediated communication (Kaye 1992). These diverse approaches to CALL are predicated on different beliefs about teaching and learning (Higgins 1995, Kenning and Kenning 1990, Sanders and Kenner 1983, Stevens 1992). Rather than reviewing these “CALL philosophies,” this article will focus on the evolution of research traditions dedicated to the empirical study of CALL use for ESL. Accordingly, the term CALL research is employed to refer to empirical research on the use of CALL.
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Mamon, Gary A. "Merger Rates in Simulated and Observed Groups of Galaxies." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 130 (1988): 545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900136745.
Full textAbstract:
The occurrence of mergers in simulated loose groups of galaxies (Barnes 1985; Mamon 1987) has generated the concern that mergers may be significantly more frequent in simulated groups than in observed groups (Ostriker 1987). I compare here quantitatively the rates of merging between a subset of 102 groups (Mamon 1986) of the CfA group catalog (Geller and Huchra 1983) and samples of 50 dynamically simulated groups of given initial density. The simulated groups start out virialized with galaxy luminosities pseudo-randomly generated from a Schechter function of index −1 and cutoff 0.5 L* (giving an average luminosity ∼ L*, close to the average in the CfA group catalog). The groups are evolved with the N-body code described in Mamon (1987). The merging time of the sample of 50 simulated groups is defined as the time at which the Tremaine-Richstone (1977) statistic T1 = σ(M1)/〈ΔM12〉 becomes smaller than 0.8. This value of T1 is significantly smaller than expected from a random realization of groups with the luminosity function given above (Mamon 1987).
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Lipinski, Marek. "Methods for the validation of squid Age from statoliths." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 66, no. 2 (1986): 505–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400043095.
Full textAbstract:
INTRODUCTIONGrowth laminations were first noted in squid statoliths by Clarke (1966), who suggested they might be useful for age determination. Spratt (1978) presented a detailed age analysis ofLoligo opalescensBerry, 1911, arguing that some rings in the cephalopod statolith were deposited daily, as are fish otoliths (Panella, 1971). Growth rings inIllex illecebrosus(Lesueur, 1921) statoliths were illustrated by Lipinski (1978) with similar interpretation to that of Spratt (op. cit.). Several further attempts have been made to validate and/or to discuss age determination from statoliths (Hurley, Drew & Radtke, 1979; Hurleyet al.1983; Wiborg, 1979; Hurley & Beck, 1980; Kristensen, 1980; Lipinski, 1980, 1981; Rosenberg, Wiborg & Bech, 1981; Martins, 1982; Radtke, 1983; Daweet al.1984), and several other attempts are in preparation (R. J. Hanlon, G. V. Hurley, M. R. Clarke & R. L. Radtke, personal communications).
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Moorey, Stirling, Ruth Williams, and John Cobb. "The Institute of Psychiatry cognitive behaviour therapy course." Psychiatric Bulletin 14, no. 4 (1990): 219–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.14.4.219.
Full textAbstract:
Cognitive behaviour therapy is now widely accepted clinically as a treatment for depression and anxiety, and there is increasing research evidence to confirm its efficacy (Rush et al, 1977; Blackburn et al, 1981; Murphy et al, 1984; Butler et al, 1987; Beck, 1988). Of the various short term psychotherapies currently available, it is probably the most widely known and best researched. Despite this, and the recommendation of the Royal College of Psychiatrists (1986) that trainees receive training in cognitive therapy, there is little opportunity to gain a formal training in this psychotherapy. Short workshops are often available through the British Association for Behavioural Psychotherapy and from other sources, and ad hoc supervision from interested psychologists and psychiatrists may be available in some centres. Scott et al (1985) described a workshop and peer supervision training scheme in Newcastle. Macaskill (1986) reported a course for psychiatrists in training in Sheffield which extended over 20 weeks and combined Beck's cognitive therapy and Ellis' Rational Emotive Therapy.
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Maun, M. A. "Population biology of Ammophila breviligulata and Calamovilfa longifolia on Lake Huron sand dunes. III. Dynamic changes in plant community structure." Canadian Journal of Botany 67, no. 4 (1989): 1267–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b89-165.
Full textAbstract:
Changes in vegetation and physiography of Lake Huron shoreline were studied by recording total counts and by comparing photographs taken in 1977, 1985, and 1987. In 1977, a large number of annual and biennial plant species such as Cakile edentula, Corispermum hyssopifolium, Salsola kali, Euphorbia polygonifolia, Artemisia campestris, and Oenothera biennis were found growing in association with two perennial grasses, Calamovilfa longifolia and Andropogon scoparius. Ammophila breviligulata was absent at that time, but became abundant through establishment of ramets from rhizome fragments after the storms of 1979 and 1981. Two damaging storms, one in October 1986 and the second in April 1987, wiped out almost all of Ammophila breviligulata, leaving a few remnant shoots among clumps of Calamovilfa longifolia. Observations suggest that the low density (two shoots∙m−2) of Ammophila breviligulata tillers among Calamovilfa longifolia populations on the first dune ridge has resulted from landward extensions of plagiotropic rhizomes from the once abundant Ammophila breviligulata populations on the lakeward end of the beach.
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Anderson, John, Colin Ewen, and Jørgen Staun. "Phonological structure: segmental, suprasegmental and extrasegmental." Phonology Yearbook 2, no. 1 (1985): 203–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952675700000439.
Full textAbstract:
In the past few years a great deal of attention has been paid to the representation of suprasegmental phenomena in phonology, with the resulting development of a number of partly competing theories and models of suprasegmental representation – in particular, various versions of AUTOSEGMENTAL PHONOLOGY (see, for example, Goldsmith 1976; Halle & Vergnaud 1981; Clements & Keyser 1983) and METRICAL PHONOLOGY (Liberman & Prince 1977; Hayes 1980, 1982; Prince 1983; Giegerich 1985). Other frameworks have also been developed which allow for the representation of phenomena in this area, notably that of DEPENDENCY PHONOLOGY (Anderson & Jones 1974, 1977; Ewen 1980; Anderson 1984; Anderson & Ewen 1980, forthcoming).It has, moreover, become obvious that although these theories at first seemed very different, many of the differences are more apparent than real, so that in some respects the proposals are complementary rather than alternative - and in many areas it is clear that we are moving towards a situation where a single model can perhaps be developed from the various frameworks (cf. Leben 1982; Goldsmith this volume).
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Wylie, H. G., F. O. Matheson, M. J. Uddin, and N. J. Holliday. "Release and establishment studies in Manitoba, Canada, of Aphidius smithi (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae), a parasitoid of Acyrthosiphon pisum (Hemiptera: Aphididae)." Canadian Entomologist 137, no. 1 (2005): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/n04-033.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractAphidius smithi Sharma et Subba Rao, an aphidiid parasitoid of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), was imported into Manitoba, Canada, and over 104 000 adults were released at four sites in 1983–1987. The parasitoid reproduced and overwintered at the 1983 release site and possibly at a second site at which it was released in 1984, and reproduced at two other sites at which it was released in 1985–1987. The parasitoid was found in 1985 up to 11 km from the 1983 release site. Additional studies in 2001 indicated the presence of low densities of A. smithi near one of the 1985 release sites. Although the parasitoid is established, it occurs at densities too low to have an agriculturally useful effect on the pest.