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1
Belcher, J. W., P. A. Keddy, and P. M. Catling. "Alvar vegetation in Canada: a multivariate description at two scales." Canadian Journal of Botany 70, no. 6 (1992): 1279–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b92-161.
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Alvars are areas with a distinctive dry grassland vegetation growing in thin soil over level limestone, and they are documented in Scandinavia, the eastern United States, and central Canada. Ordination and classification analysis techniques were used to describe alvar vegetation in Canada at two scales: within one alvar and among four alvar sites. Within one alvar, changes in species composition corresponded to changes in soil depth and biomass. There were two main vegetation types: (i) alvar meadows with complete vegetation cover and (ii) rock flats with incomplete vegetation cover over limestone rock. Among alvars, species composition was related primarily to geographic location. The southern site was distinct from the eastern and northern sites. Relationships between soil depth, plant biomass, and vegetation could also be detected. At within and among alvar scales, tall perennial graminoids dominated sites with deep soil while small annuals and stress-tolerant perennials dominated shallow soil sites. Average biomass levels were strongly positively correlated with soil depth across vegetation types. Average species richness was curvilinearly related to biomass. Our results describe Canadian alvar vegetation and illustrate important differences among alvar sites, showing that a number of these sites need protection to conserve alvar vegetation. Key words: grassland, drought, soil depth, species richness, biomass, conservation.
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S, Ilamaran. "Theories of Theology in the Letters of Thirumangai Alvar." International Research Journal of Tamil 3, S-2 (2021): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt21s227.
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After the 6th century in Tamil literature, Saivism and Vaishnavism were the most prevalent in tamil literature, and the hymns of the Alvars developed a variety of new techniques and theories for devotion. Thirumangai Alvar has sung a letter with him as heroine and Lord as hero. In the Sangam tamil literature, 'Madal Climbing' is seen as a male only, Thirumangai Alvar makes himself a woman and falls in love with Lord Vishnu and expresses his love for the Lord by climbing the lobe. Like Thirumangai Alvar, periyazhwar has made himself a mother and composed songs using Vishnu as a child. This technique is transformed from the grammar of Tamil. He who achieves happiness will receive virtue and wealth. Tirumangai Alvar says that it is best to see The lord in this world and enjoy it. The object of this article is to study the pleasures of life and the principles of theology of the heavens.
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Brunton, Daniel F., and Paul M. Catling. "Thematic Collection: Alvars in Canada." Canadian Field-Naturalist 131, no. 1 (2017): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v131i1.1962.
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This is the first Thematic Collection of The Canadian Field–Naturalist, an initiative of the Ottawa Field-Naturalists’ Club (OFNC) Publications Committee. Thematic Collections are editor-selected compilations ofpreviously published contributions to both The Canadian Field-Naturalist (CFN) and to the OFNC’s regional publication, Trail & Landscape (T&L), on a central theme with links to each article. The articles concern alvar landscapes, species that occur on alvars, and the conservation of alvar habitats. We estimate that the titles assembled here from those two publications represent 50% of the important papers published on Canadianalvars.
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Catling, Paul M., and Ross A. Layberry. "An alvar race of the couperi subspecies of the Silvery Blue (Glaucopsyche lygdamus couperi) in southeastern Ontario?" Canadian Field-Naturalist 127, no. 3 (2013): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v127i3.1487.
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The couperi subspecies of the Silvery Blue (Glaucopsyche lygdamus couperi) has expanded its range southward in northeastern North America using introduced legumes and open anthropogenic habitats. The discovery of a population of the Silvery Blue (Glaucopsyche lygdamus) in an eastern Ontario alvar woodland in 2011 suggests that the Silvery Blue may have been long established (although restricted) in southern Ontario. Three larvae from this population were reared from eggs deposited on native Neglected Milk-Vetch (Astragalus neglectus) by free-flying females in 2012. The three larvae, pupae, and single reared adult, as well as other adults from the alvar woodland, are described and compared with specimens associated with open anthropogenic habitat and introduced legumes. The alvar woodland specimens were closer to the northern Ontario subsp. couperi than to the subsp. lygdamus of the eastern United States. Although the alvar woodland larvae were darker green than subsp. couperi and the spots on the adults were on average larger than in subsp. couperi, the alvar woodland Silvery Blues could not be definitively distinguished from subsp. couperi, including specimens from northern Ontario and those from southern Ontario associated with open habitats. Nevertheless, there is a possibility that the alvar woodland population of the Silvery Blue dates from early postglacial times and represents a distinct race separate from the Silvery Blue of open habitats.
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Wipulasena, A. Y. Ayesh Piyara, John Davison, Aveliina Helm, et al. "Soil community composition in dynamic stages of semi-natural calcareous grassland." PLOS ONE 18, no. 10 (2023): e0292425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0292425.
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European dry thin-soil calcareous grasslands (alvars) are species-rich semi-natural habitats. Cessation of traditional management, such as mowing and grazing, leads to shrub and tree encroachment and the local extinction of characteristic alvar species. While soil microbes are known to play a critical role in driving vegetation and ecosystem dynamics, more information is needed about their composition and function in grasslands of different dynamic stages. Here we assess the composition of soil fungal, prokaryotic, and plant communities using soil environmental DNA from restored alvar grasslands in Estonia. The study areas included grasslands that had experienced different degrees of woody encroachment prior to restoration (woody plant removal and grazing), as well as unmanaged open grasslands. We found that, in general, different taxonomic groups exhibited correlated patterns of between-community variation. Previous forest sites, which had prior to restoration experienced a high degree of woody encroachment by ectomycorrhizal Scots pine, were compositionally most distinct from managed open grasslands, which had little woody vegetation even prior to restoration. The functional structure of plant and fungal communities varied in ways that were consistent with the representation of mycorrhizal types in the ecosystems prior to restoration. Compositional differences between managed and unmanaged open grasslands reflecting the implementation of grazing without further management interventions were clearer among fungal, and to an extent prokaryotic, communities than among plant communities. While previous studies have shown that during woody encroachment of alvar grassland, plant communities change first and fungal communities follow, our DNA-based results suggest that microbial communities reacted faster than plant communities during the restoration of grazing management in alvar grassland. We conclude that while the plant community responds faster to cessation of management, the fungal community responds faster to restoration of management. This may indicate hysteresis, where the eventual pathway back to the original state (grazed ecosystem) differs from the pathway taken towards the alternative state (abandoned semi-natural grassland ecosystem).
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Catling, Paul M. "Impact of the 2012 drought on woody vegetation invading alvar grasslands in the Burnt Lands Alvar, eastern Ontario." Canadian Field-Naturalist 128, no. 3 (2014): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v128i3.1602.
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Counts of dead and living trees in open alvar indicated that the 2012 drought had a significant impact on the Burnt Lands Alvar in eastern Ontario, with mortality of woody species ranging from 10% to 100% at open alvar sites. The maximum age of dead trees suggested that the most recent drought of similar impact occurred more than 35 years ago, possibly in 1974. Some of the killed junipers were 87–90 years old. All dry periods indicated on a summer rainfall diagram may not be severe enough to kill woody vegetation, but a drought causing an average 50% kill of woody vegetation in open alvar may have occurred at least once every 30 years over the past century. Consequently the encroachment of woody species into alvar grassland appears not to be a threat to this habitat. Open alvar could have existed on the landscape as isolated occurrences since early postglacial times, if the climate fluctuated in the distant past as it has recently. With evidence for drought in a fluctuating climate to maintain the disjunct occurrences of midwestern plant and animal species, these occurrences may be considered as reliable indicators of a more continuous distribution of such species more than 10 000 years ago.
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Jones, Peter Blundell. "From essence to appearance: Parallels between the working methods of Alvar Aalto and Hugo Häring." Architectural Research Quarterly 19, no. 4 (2015): 334–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135516000063.
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The private house has perhaps always been a prototype for more elaborate architecture, but never more so than in the heyday of the Modern Movement, when it provided both the opportunity for experiment and the chance to explore creatively the changing essence of dwelling. This article, based on a keynote lecture given to the Alvar Aalto Foundation in February 2015, compares the generating principles of Alvar and Aino Aalto's own house of 1936 with those of built and unbuilt houses by Hugo Häring, underlining the importance of specific planning and spatial relationships as the essential generators, to which the making of façades remained subordinate or at least secondary. Häring's Woythaler House of 1927 also appears here for the first time in a properly comprehensible form, thanks to information recovered from drawings now available in the public realm.
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Charitonidou, Marianna. "László Moholy-Nagy and Alvar Aalto’s Connections." Enquiry The ARCC Journal for Architectural Research 17, no. 1 (2020): 28–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17831/enq:arcc.v17i1.1080.
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Departing from the fact that László Moholy-Nagy’s Von Material zu Architektur (1929), had been an important source of inspiration for Alvar Aalto, this article examines the affinities between László Moholy-Nagy and Alvar Aalto’s intellectual positions. The article places emphasis on two particular ideas: how Aalto and Moholy-Nagy conceived the connection of biology with standardization and technology and its relationship to light and perception. Special attention is paid to the notions of “flexible standardisation” and rationalisation in Aalto’s thought, as well as to his belief that nature and standardization should be conceived are closely interconnected. In regard to their shared intellectual development, the article sheds light on the first encounters of the two men including: their meeting at the second Congrès International de l’Architecture Moderne (CIAM) in 1929; the June 1931 Finish meeting of Aino Marsio-Aalto, Alvar Aalto, Moholy-Nagy and Ellen Frank; the June 1931 exchanges between Aalto and Moholy-Nagy during the inner circle CIAM meeting in Berlin; and the common stay of the Aaltos and Moholy-Nagy in London in 1933 are discussed. Particular emphasis is placed on Aalto’s “The Reconstruction of Europe is the Key Problem for the Architecture of Our Time”, in which he argued that standardization in architecture should draw upon biological models.
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Du, Jun. "Design Philosophy and Methods of Alvar Aalto from the Ecological Aesthetics." International Journal of Literature and Arts 7, no. 4 (2019): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ijla.20190704.13.
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Charrington, Harry. "Coordinating Method and Art: Alvar Aalto at Play." Architectural History 54 (2011): 309–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0066622x00004081.
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Modern society is characterized by an exaggerated worship of theory, an attitude that reflects the human predicament and insecurity. We think that in it we can find salvation from the threat of chaos. But we must realise that pure theory without feeling cannot create anything. You cannot set up series of methods applicable to the most varied circumstances; only intuition can help here. Let me put it this way: theory and methodology should form a basis for an intuitive working method. The question is not which dominates the other, but how to co-ordinate them. Method is not the antithesis of art, not its enemy but its prerequisite. (Alvar Aalto, speech at Jvyäsklylä Kesäpäivät (Summer Days), 1965)
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Bakker, J. P., E. S. Bakker, E. Rosén, G. L. Verweij, and R. M. Bekker. "Soil seed bank composition along a gradient from dry alvar grassland toJuniperusshrubland." Journal of Vegetation Science 7, no. 2 (1996): 165–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3236316.
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Andersson, Stefan. "Phenotypic selection in a population of Crepis tectorum ssp. pumila (Asteraceae)." Canadian Journal of Botany 70, no. 1 (1992): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b92-012.
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A 3-year demographic study was conducted to reveal targets of selection on morphology and life history in a population of Crepis tectorum ssp. pumila, a winter annual plant confined to calcareous grasslands (alvars) on the Baltic island of Öland (south Sweden). I calculated the selection differential to describe the change in the mean value of a character due to selection and used multiple regression analyses to partition the direct effect of selection on the trait from indirect responses of selection on other traits. Rosette leaf number, a convenient measure of plant size, was strongly correlated with both viability and fertility (fitness). There was also a strong relationship between fitness and the extent to which the plants expressed traits characterizing this particular taxon. Multiple regression analyses indicated direct selection favouring plants with deeply lobed leaves and a densely branched stem, two distinctive traits of ssp. pumila believed to be adaptive in the alvar habitat. Only stem height was subject to both direct and indirect selection in the wrong direction; taller individuals were more successful than those with a shorter stem, a surprising result considering the inferred advantage of a short stature in the exposed alvar habitat. Selection on other traits assumed to be ecologically important (germination time, flowering time, and seed size) was found to be either absent or variable in direction when other traits were held constant. The failure of plants to survive to the flowering stage in the last two summers indicates strong selection for plants that produce a high percentage of dormant seeds. Overall, the contemporary selection regime as revealed by demographic data was only partly congruent with predictions regarding historical selection pressures based on large-scale patterns of variation (ecotypic differentiation). Key words: Crepis tectorum, ecotypic differentiation, life history, morphology, phenotypic selection.
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Catling, Paul M., and Vivian R. Brownell. "Importance of fire in alvar ecosystems - evidence from the Burnt Lands, eastern Ontario." Canadian field-naturalist 112, no. 4 (1998): 661–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/p.358495.
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Lundholm, Jeremy T., and Kaeli E. Stark. "Alvar seed bank germination responses to variable soil moisture." Canadian Journal of Botany 85, no. 10 (2007): 986–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b07-078.
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Environmental heterogeneity can create differential opportunities for seedling recruitment among plant species. We collected soil seed banks from alvar habitats in southern Ontario and exposed them to three soil moisture treatments. Density and species richness of germinants were greatest in treatments kept moist compared with treatments where soil was either saturated with standing water at the soil surface or where drought was imposed. Contrary to previous studies, the drought treatment did not stimulate the germination of species that remained ungerminated in other treatments, but did increase the germination of five species that also germinated in wetter soils. Although 12 of the 40 species germinated in only one of the three treatments, overall community composition among watering treatments was relatively consistent; few species showed evidence of differential responses to soil moisture conditions. Variability in soil moisture in this system can alter population and community properties by rarefaction effects, as opposed to niche differences among species.
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Díaz Cabrera, Imelda Chaxiraxi, and Carolina Jorge Trujillo. "El español de la isla de La Graciosa desde una perspectiva prosódica." Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie 137, no. 2 (2021): 451–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrp-2021-0018.
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Abstract Manuel Alvar published the only linguistic work known on Spanish from the island of La Graciosa (Canary Islands) in 1965, focused on the town of Caleta del Sebo, to document, in the field of Linguistic geography, the ALEICan (Linguistic and ethnographic atlas of the Canary Islands [1975–1978]). Alvar’s studies used to cover the lexical, grammatical (morphology and syntax) and phonetic levels of the segmental type, but he did not consider prosodic aspects of speech which would later be incorporated into a new generation of atlases, which would go from paper format to multimedia. As the main exponent, the AMPER project (Atlas Multimédia Prosodique de l’Espace Roman) was created in 2001 and, within its framework, we intend to describe the melodic characteristics of a group of sentences emitted by a man and a woman from Caleta del Sebo, completing thus the study started by Alvar fifty-five years ago. In this way, the results will show for the first time if there is a prosodic proximity between the eighth island and the seven main islands, which have been widely described in previous works both in formal and in informal speech.
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Taylor, Alana N., and Paul M. Catling. "Bees and Butterflies in Burned and Unburned Alvar Woodland: Evidence for the Importance of Postfire Succession to Insect Pollinator Diversity in an Imperiled Ecosystem." Canadian Field-Naturalist 125, no. 4 (2012): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v125i4.1258.
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The apparent importance of successional habitat to pollinating insects, specifically bees (Hymenoptera) and butterflies (Lepidoptera) was quantified in an alvar landscape in the Ottawa valley through a comparison of burned and unburned alvar woodland. The two adjacent habitats on the same successional gradient were sampled by sweeping with additional data from pitfall traps for bees and by direct observation with close focus binoculars and occasional verification through capture with a net for butterflies. The sampling was done during 11 visits in 2008 beginning 16 May and ending 13 September. Both bee and butterfly diversity were higher in the post-fire burned alvar woodland compared to the adjacent unburned woodland based on species richness, number of individuals and Brillouin’s Biodiversity Index which takes evenness and heterogeneity into account. No bees were captured in the unburned area, but 34 species and 201 individuals were captured in the burned site. The most abundant bee species was Augochlora aurata. Lepidoptera were represented in the burned site by 35 species and 408 individuals compared to 15 species and 21 individuals in the unburned woodland. The most common butterfly species in the burned woodland was Callophrys polios. The higher diversity of pollinators in the burned site was correlated with both higher vascular plant diversity and much higher cover and frequency values for insect-pollinated plants providing nectar and pollen including flowering shrubs such as Amelanchier alnifolia var. compacta, Arctostaphylos uva-ursi and Prunus virginiana. The burned site also provided more cover of larval food plants for butterflies and apparently more nesting sites for bees. We suggest that a decrease in fire frequency and in the availability of open successional habitats are contributing factors in the decline of pollinators, and that endangered ecosystems where fire has been a natural phenomenon may require fire or fire-simulated management to sustain their biodiversity.
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Korvenmaa, Pekka. "Modernism in Finnish Furniture Design and Production." Designing Modern Life, no. 46 (2012): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.52200/46.a.jxxtsxni.
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When looking at the development of Modernism in Finnish furniture design from abroad the conventional image is Alvar Aalto´s Paimio chair descending in 1931 into a desert of traditionalism and starting a new, bright era of Modernity. This cliché is partly, but only partly true. In the following I will outline some major trends in design, use of materials and techniques of production in Finnish furniture before World War II.
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Weston, Richard. "Architecture and nature: reflections from active retirement." Architectural Research Quarterly 21, no. 4 (2017): 375–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135518000039.
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Richard Weston – Editor of arq from 2004 to 2013, and best known for his distinguished monographs on Alvar Aalto, Modernism and Utzon – reflects here on his more recent practice-led research into minerals, materials and digitisation. These studies explore the qualities of materials themselves but also the materialisation of imagery. This work is ‘practice-led’ in the way that the term is used in academe – meaning research which emerges out of a series of investigations – rather than ‘practice-led’ in the way architects might understand the term, as emerging from a professional office. As Weston reflects, however, this is work that would – most likely – be supported neither in the contexts of academe nor professional practice. It has been made possible instead by his ‘active retirement’. This paper explores how a chance encounter with an ammonite led Weston to Liberty's ‘Scarf Hall’, world-renowned in global fashion, a creative app for children called Molly's World, and virtual realities captured from microscopic mineral-worlds.
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Lima, Fabio Jose Martins de, Jussi Rautsi, and Helena Marja Teräväinen. "Comparative approaches on urban planning: Alvar Aalto’s assistant from Italy — an interview with Vezio Nava." Journal of Architecture 26, no. 2 (2021): 241–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13602365.2021.1896567.
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Zamfir, Manuela. "Effects of bryophytes and lichens on seedling emergence of alvar plants: evidence from greenhouse experiments." Oikos 88, no. 3 (2000): 603–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0706.2000.880317.x.
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Catling, Paul M. "Osmia species (Megachilidae) pollinate Cypripedium parviflorum (Orchidaceae) and Packera paupercula (Asteraceae): a localized case of Batesian mimicry?" Canadian Field-Naturalist 129, no. 1 (2015): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v129i1.1665.
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The pollinator-non-rewarding Large Yellow Lady's-slipper (Cypripedium parviflorum var. pubescens [Willdenow] Knight) and the rewarding Balsam Ragwort (Packera paupercula [Michaux] Á. Löve & D. Löve) exist together in some eastern Ontario alvars where they share a group of medium-sized, dark blue metallic pollinators in the bee genus Osmia (Mason Bees, Megachilidae). I provide evidence of floral mimicry of the ragwort by the orchid based on several observations: (1) Osmia visiting P. paupercula also visit C. parviflorum var. pubescens; (2) Osmia are more frequent visitors to P. paupercula than to other co-blooming plants; (3) Osmia are the primary pollinators of C. parviflorum var. pubescens; (4) the behaviour of Osmia on the flower of C. parviflorum var. pubescens involving landing on the staminode suggests mimicry; and (5) the largest populations of C. parviflorum var. pubescens in Ontario are in alvar landscapes where P. paupercula is abundant. Pollination in Large Yellow Lady's-slipper may vary geographically from non-model to species-specific Batesian mimicry, which is rare in orchids. This latter pollination mechanism may have evolved in ice-front environments during the Pleistocene, but then became isolated to unusual partial analogues of ice-front habitat during the Holocene with pollination in most of the current range appearing to be a generalist strategy.
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Isohauta, Teija. "The diversity of timber in Alvar Aalto's architecture: forests, shelter and safety." Architectural Research Quarterly 17, no. 3-4 (2013): 269–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135514000086.
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In Alvar Aalto's architecture wood had an important role, symbolically and as a material. Aalto brought out the biological characteristics of wood and its relationship with human beings and with nature in his architecture. Aalto was a master at combining Finnish vernacular building with the European tradition and metamorphosing into some other material as he went along. Concrete, glass, wood and brick were all equally worthy materials.In Aalto's architecture, the role of wood is based above all on the ease with which it can be worked, its heat insulation properties and the fact that it is pleasant to the touch. Trees themselves as symbols of growth and sources of form of different kinds, and forests as spatial outlines, however, gave wood a mythical character. To Aalto, wood was adapted as an argument for human warmth and humanism when, to his mind, Modernism, the International Style, began to become too stereotyped and estranged from the idealism Aalto associated with it. With time, wood became for Aalto more and more a material that was used for cladding buildings and worked as a space divider, a material that was employed to soften acoustics and was used in details for places that people were going to touch.It could be said that, on the one hand, wood acted as decoration in Aalto's buildings, but on the other, the variations of form in the wooden detailing show a synthesis of Aalto's architecture.
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Granfeldt, Jonas, and Britt-Louise Gunnarsson. "ASLA: Association Suédoise de Linguistique Appliquée." European Journal of Applied Linguistics 4, no. 1 (2016): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eujal-2015-0030.
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AbstractThe Swedish Association for Applied Linguistics, ASLA (Association suédoise de linguistique appliquée) was formally founded as an autonomous Swedish affiliate of AILA in 1966. The constituting meeting was held at Lund University on April 12, 1966 during which the first chairperson, Professor Bertil Malmberg, was elected. This means that ASLA will be celebrating its 50th anniversary in 2016. However, according to available documents from the time, the original initiative came from Max Gorosch, Professor of Spanish at Stockholm University, who had already started to prepare the way for the establishment of the new association in 1964. Professor Gorosch was appointed secretary on the first board and Dr. Alvar Nyqvist-Goës, became its first treasurer.
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Sand-Jensen, Kaj, Kathrine Jul Hammer, Mikkel Madsen-Østerbye, Tim Dencker, and Theis Kragh. "Positive interactions between moss cushions and vascular plant cover improve water economy on Öland’s alvar, Sweden." Botany 93, no. 3 (2015): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2014-0197.
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Dense moss cushions colonize bare limestone pavements on Öland’s alvar, southeastern Sweden. As these cushions grow larger and thicker and can store more water, they should physically protect and facilitate their own performance as well as the colonization by vascular plants. We tested these predictions by measuring the airflow and water economy of moss cushions. We found that cushions are imbedded in boundary layers formed by ground and moss surfaces. Near-surface flow was reduced immediately upwind and negligible downwind of the moss cushions, which should facilitate their centrifugal expansion. The calculated diffusion boundary layer was thin (<0.7 mm) above moss cushions exposed to free airflow of 1–6 m·s−1 in accordance with substantial turbulence measured by small sensors at 0.5 cm distance from moss surfaces. Evaporation from the wetted cushions increased linearly with wind speed (0 and 8 m·s−1) in wind-tunnel experiments, and neither evaporation nor airflow followed standard formulas for objects in free flow. Higher wind speed reduced the diffusion boundary layer and simultaneously cooled the moss surface, thereby reducing the drop in water vapour concentration from moss surfaces to air. As desiccation of cushions progressed during three dry summer days, the profound decline of evaporation rate with cushion size gradually became positive when only large cushions still contained water. Water economy in relation to cushion size predicted that rehydrated large cushions retained photosynthesis for 80% and small cushions for only 50% of the time. A cover of the succulent plant Sedum album L. reduced sun and wind exposure and water loss from the moss surface. Sedum remained hydrated after mosses had dried out. Moss cushions and Sedum can, therefore, mutually benefit from each other’s water economy.
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Spirydowicz, Krysia E., Elizabeth Simpson, Robert A. Blanchette, Arno P. Schniewind, Mauray K. Toutloff, and Alison Murray. "Alvar and Butvar: The Use of Polyvinyl Acetal Resins for the Treatment of the Wooden Artifacts from Gordion, Turkey." Journal of the American Institute for Conservation 40, no. 1 (2001): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3180012.
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Spirydowicz, Krysia E., Elizabeth Simpson, Robert A. Blanchette, Arno P. Schniewind, Mauray K. Toutloff, and Alison Murray. "Alvar and Butvar: The Use of Polyvinyl Acetal Resins for the Treatment of the Wooden Artifacts from Gordion, Turkey." Journal of the American Institute for Conservation 40, no. 1 (2001): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/019713601806113139.
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Layberry, Ross A., Paul M. Catling, and B. Christian Schmidt. "History of the northern silvery blue (Glaucopsyche lygdamus couperi) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) in southern Ontario, Canada: separating range expansion from original populations and other subspecies." Canadian Entomologist 147, no. 1 (2014): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2014.26.
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AbstractThe historical distribution of Glaucopsyche lygdamus (Doubleday) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) in southern Ontario, Canada was analysed using three major databases. In southern Ontario, G. lygdamus includes (1) subspecies G. lygdamus couperi Grote that has expanded its range from the north since the 1940s and 1950s reaching Hamilton, Ontario, Canada in 2012; (2) a non-expanding population on the Norfolk Sand Plain, Ontario, Canada that appears phenotypically closest to G. lygdamus couperi, but with some wing marking characters that are transitional to the more southern subspecies G. lygdamus lygdamus; and (3) rare and local pre-expansion populations referable to G. lygdamus couperi that occurred in the Ottawa Valley and Bruce Peninsula, Ontario, Canada in alvar woodlands, and possibly also on lakeshore dunes. The very rare and local occurrences of silvery blue in southern Ontario in the past is in direct contrast to its increasing abundance in the area in present times, but the genetic and phenotypic diversity of silvery blue may be declining due to genetic mixing with and/or to the effect of increasing parasitoids from the expanding race.
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Rincón-Borrego, Iván, and Ramón Rodríguez-Llera. "Nordic Memories of the East. Tetsuro Yoshida and the myth of traditional Japanese house in Erik Gunnar Asplund, Aino Aalto and Alvar Aalto." VLC arquitectura. Research Journal 9, no. 1 (2022): 27–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/vlc.2022.15603.
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Traditional Japanese architecture played an important role in the development of modern European architecture, especially from the beginning of the 20th century. Based on this extensively documented thesis, the influence of Japanese culture and the traditional Japanese house on the figures of Erik Gunnar Asplund, Aino Aalto and Alvar Aalto, especially during the 1930s, is analysed. The study describes how these authors found inspiration in the East, as well as their contacts and sources of reference. Finally, it explains the extent to which they reinterpreted Japanese aesthetics in their designs, especially analysing the case of the Villa Mairea winter garden. In this context, the research points to the decisive role played by the figure of Tetsuro Yoshida and his text Das japanische Wohnhaus (1935) for the interests and designs of these Nordic authors.
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Ando, Mihoko. "Retracing Alvar Aalto's design process through the sketches and drawings of Vuoksenniska Church (1955–8)." Architectural Research Quarterly 20, no. 4 (2016): 333–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135516000567.
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Alvar Aalto's Vuoksenniska Church (1958) has been widely discussed in architectural literature, often in general terms of plasticity or ambiguity. Yet previous studies have given relatively little consideration to the approximately 800 archived sketches and drawings for the project. When a limited number of Aalto's sketches for the church have appeared previously, an isolated sketch has often been used to illustrate a single aspect or element of the church, such as a notable lighting or acoustic detail. The church's complexity and spatial qualities make it well suited for more detailed study, using sketches and drawings to clarify the design process of the church and provide new insights. The most important sketches and drawings from the church's design process are presented and discussed in this paper. They illustrate how the design process began with simple sketches, in plan and section, for folding and moveable partitions, highlighting Aalto's priority for balancing religious and social activities in the church through divisible meeting spaces. Acoustical considerations were also combined in these earlier plans, while section sketches show how the church's skylight and unique clerestory windows were gradually developed through several iterations. The threefold repetition of elements in both plan and section was consistent throughout the design process. The structure of the church was designed with simple organic motifs like frogs and fish, but was also intentionally combined with other key elements. While previous studies have emphasised one aspect of the church or another, Aalto's sketches taken together offer a more holistic understanding. They show the interrelated nature of different elements in the church and the relative relationships between different sketches and ideas in the design process. As a work of architecture, the church's definitive qualities of architectural harmony and coherence are far more compelling than any one particular feature or notable detail.
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García García, Rafael. "Laminar ceilings? Shell construction in the work of some masters of modern architecture." Cuaderno de Notas, no. 19 (July 31, 2018): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.20868/cn.2018.3820.
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AbstractThis contribution explores the constructive and formal potential of the laminar structures in the work of three prominent figures of Modern Architecture. Unlike the most memorable constructions of this type, the roof structures here considered are not the main and only protagonist element of the building. Conversely in these cases they have been designed as parts of the building more inconspicuous and integrated. The study excludes therefore the most important realizations and also more known, made by authors as Maillart, Candela, Isler, Torroja, Saarinen, Niemeyer, etc. which have been widely treated in the specialized literature. The paper is focused in architects as Le Corbusier, Alvar Aalto and Louis Kahn, for whom the study of their approach to the laminar seems not to have been made adequately as a whole till now. Are important too, the considerations resulting from the comparative analysis, shedding some light on the idiosyncratic way in which this type of structures was adopted by each architect.ResumenEn este artículo se explora el empleo realizado por tres figuras destacadas de la arquitectura moderna de la potencialidad formal y constructiva de las estructuras laminares. A diferencia de como ocurrió en la mayoría de las construcciones memorables de este tipo, la estructura de cubierta no es necesariamente el gran y único elemento protagonista, proyectándose más bien por el contrario, como partes del edificio más discretas e integradas. Se excluyen, por tanto, las realizaciones más importantes, pero también más conocidas, de autores como Maillart, Candela, Isler, Torroja, Saarinen, etc. ya ampliamente tratadas en la literatura dedicada al tema. Contrariamente, en este trabajo se centra la atención en arquitectos como Le Corbusier, Alvar Aalto, Louis Kahn, cuya aproximación menos evidente a lo laminar entendemos que no ha sido en conjunto suficientemente tratada hasta ahora. Son importantes también las conclusiones derivadas de los análisis comparativos, las cuales arrojan alguna luz sobre las particulares formas en que se adoptó este tipode estructuras por cada arquitecto.
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Brunton, Daniel F. "Great Plains Ladies’-tresses (Spiranthes magnicamporum) in the lower Great Lakes region and a new record for New York State." Canadian Field-Naturalist 129, no. 2 (2015): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v129i2.1700.
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Six populations of Great Plains Ladies’-tresses (Spiranthes magnicamporum Sheviak) have recently been discovered in three locations east of the lower Great Lakes region of Canada and the United States. The possible occurrence of S. cernua × magnicamporum hybrids was detected at one New York site. These discoveries are from both natural alvar and disturbed meadow and shore sites. The new records suggest that S. magnicamporum occurs more widely than was suspected previously, its presence perhaps masked by its similarity to the common S. cernua (L.) Richard. Eastern occurrences may represent a combination of post-glacial relict populations, responses to climate change, and the results of long-distance dispersal events. These range extensions constitute the most easterly known populations of S. magnicamporum in North America. They also represent new records for New York State (including Jefferson and St. Lawrence Counties) and for the City of Ottawa in Ontario.
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Ramos-Carranza, Amadeo, Rosa María Añón-Abajas, and Gloria Rivero-Lamela. "A Research Methodology for Mitigating Climate Change in the Restoration of Buildings: Rehabilitation Strategies and Low-Impact Prefabrication in the “El Rodezno” Water Mill." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (2021): 8869. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13168869.
Full textAbstract:
New environmental challenges, coupled with the fact that 80% of the residential buildings that will exist in Europe in the year 2050 have already been built, mean that rehabilitation and restoration must be prioritised over new buildings. Construction is one of the largest generators of CO2. Using prefabricated and industrialised products and systems can help to mitigate its harmful effects thanks to the greater control and environmental evaluation that can be carried out on these products from their manufacture until the end of their useful life (LCA). In the county of the Sierra de Cádiz (Andalusia, Spain), there are 85 water mills, many of which are derelict and in disuse, which, due to their location, size, and characteristics, are ideal for rehabilitation and restoration for residential use. Taking the “El Rodezno” mill as a case study, this paper proposes rehabilitation strategies using prefabricated industrialised elements that have a low environmental impact. The methodological discussion takes as its starting point the process of design and testing that Alvar Aalto applied in 1940 and from subsequent studies that have confirmed a research structure based on the project design and the built project with the appropriate field of study and confirmation of the applicable strategies and solutions. To this end, this article is written on the basis of the two main phases of Alvar Aalto’s method, using the same terms that the Danish architect defined: Scientific Observation, for the study of preceding works and projects in light prefabrication and for the analysis of certain construction products and systems that, based on other research, have evaluated their LCA, and Construction Period, for the rehabilitation strategies of the “El Rodezno” mill, considering the studies and analyses of Scientific Observation. For the roof solution, we took as an example the rehabilitation of the roof carried out with the same methodology, construction criteria, and prefabricated products analysed in this article and used in the intervention strategies in “El Rodezno”. The paper concludes with the validity of the methodology applied to test the starting hypotheses that lead to intervention strategies that confirm the environmental and economic advantages of industrialised prefabrication, the importance of the design and synergy that results from combining different construction systems, and technologies that improve the acceptance of prefabrication by the inhabitant and boost the circular economy.
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FRÖBERG, L., M. NIKLASSON, H. PALTTO, T. KNUTSSON, and T. JOHANSSON. "Age and epiphytic lichen diversity of the dwarf shrub Helianthemumoelandicum on the island of Öland, Sweden." Lichenologist 41, no. 5 (2009): 537–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0024282909990168.
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AbstractLichen cover and diversity were analysed on the dwarf shrub Helianthemum oelandicum (L.) Dum.Cours. at one site in the calcareous grassland of the area known as the ‘Great Alvar’ on the Island of Öland, Sweden. The age of 22 phorophytes was determined by ring counting and varied from 8 to 41 years and was accurately predicted by the root diameter. A total of 18 lichen species was found, with a range between 0 and 13 species per phorophyte. The number of lichen species on living H. oelandicum were correlated with the phorophyte age. The number of lichen species and their coverage were greater on dead compared with living phorophytes. The species number was also higher on thin branches compared with thick branches and roots and some of the species showed preferences for dead phorophytes, and for thin branches. This study of lichen colonization and growth on dwarf shrubs in relation to phorophyte age is a new application of herbchronology.
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Larsson, Ellen, and John Bjarne Jordal. "Cuphophyllus monteverdae and C. hygrocyboides (Hygrophoraceae, Agaricales) in Norway and Sweden." Agarica 43 (June 1, 2023): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/agarica.10974.
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Two poorly known and relatively rare waxcaps Hygrocybe monteverdae and Cuphophyllus hygrocyboides are described, withnotes regarding their distribution and ecological preferences in Norway and Sweden. H. monteverdae is a whitish species originally described from the Canary Islands, characterized by the darkening lamella upon drying. It resembles a slender C. pratensis inhabitus but is whitish. C. hygrocyboides also resembles C. pratensis in both colour and habitus but can be separated based on morphology. C. hygrocyboides is found in calcareous semi-natural grasslands, especially pastures, and also in the low alpine zone and higher alpine vegetation. It is not found below the mid-boreal zone even if it has been found at sea level in the northern part of Norway. H. monteverdae seems to be a strict lowland species found in semi-natural grasslands, alvar vegetation, and open grazed forests on calcareous ground. Phylogenetic analysis shows that H. monteverdae belongs in Cuphophyllus, and the new combination to Cuphophyllus is here proposed.
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Sánchez, Salor Eustaquio. "La controvertida datación del Vocabulario español-latino de Nebrija. A propósito del término "canoa"." Boletín de la Sociedad Española de Historiografía Lingüística 13 (December 22, 2019): 123–37. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3612366.
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Nebrija wrote two dictionaries: one Latin-Spanish and another one Spanish-Latin. For the first one, the date of 1492 is commonly accepted, but for the second one there has been an intense and long discussion, because some authors take its publication to 1494 or 1495 with the argument that the word "canoa" is therein cited, and this word only could have entered Spanish language after the return of Columbus in 1493. That is the opinion defended by Pidal, Manuel Alvar and other authors. Nevertheless, other linguists consider that "canoa" should not be taken as the most important term for the datation. In this work, we offer some dates, obtained from Nebrija’s text, that offer new perspectives. These texts are the second edition of the <em>Introductiones</em>, dedicated to Zúñiga, a poem of the own Nebrija, that appears at the beginning of the edition of 1503, and the prologue letter of the 1513 Dictionary edition
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Hynynen, Ari. "Seven Steps to Organic Modernism: Alvar Aalto’s Civic Centre in Seinäjoki Seen through the Lenses of Bruno Zevi." Athens Journal of Architecture 8, no. 2 (2022): 91–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/aja.8-2-1.
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Some scholars point out that modern architecture has been comprised of two parallel currents from its very beginning: rational and organic. Although many interpretations of modernism highlight industrial standardisation and mass production, Bruno Zevi suggested that the basic ideas of functionalism already included the principles of organic architecture. Here organic does not refer to nature’s forms but to human life. In the 1970s, Zevi published his theory of seven invariants of modern architecture, which received mixed reviews. This study aims to update these invariants for being viable in our time by comparing them to Zevi’s former writings dealing with organic architecture and the role of space in architecture. The invariants will be tested and elaborated in empirical analysis of Aalto’s Civic Centre in Seinäjoki, Finland.
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Hachim, Luis, and Pablo Hurtado. "El discurso factual y ficcional en la narrativa colonial hispanoamericana: Naufragios [1542] de Alvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca e Infortunios de Alonso Ramírez [1690] de Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora." Catedral Tomada. Revista de crítica literaria latinoamericana 6, no. 10 (2018): 172–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/ct/2018.239.
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This paper is based on the assumption that narratives are ongoing experiences, actions and processes that take place during the Colonial period. On these grounds, two narrative texts from the beginnings of the colonial formation period will be discussed. Narratives during this period when a vernacular, creole consciousness was being shaped are coherent with the narrations found in travel journals, relaciones and chronicles. A synthesis of factual and fictional discourses arises in these texts that represent not only the identity transformations of the Indian Spanish individual but also the emerging local, creole subjectivity that defines the new culture and its relations with indigenous world. We suggest a first stage in this cultural synthesis that includes two texts that have not been addressed literary and historiographic studies: Naufragios [1542] by Alvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca and Infortunios de Alonso Ramírez [1690] by Carlos de Sigüenza. These two founding narratives used a factual discourse that masked the fictional strategies that were later included in the textual practices that characterize the literatures of the Americas.
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திருமதி, ஆ. மகாலெட்சுமி /. Mrs. A. Mahalakshmi. "ஆதனூர் ஸ்ரீ ஆண்டளக்கும் அய்யன் ஐயன் கோயில் / Athanur Sri Andalakum Ayyan Temple". PTJTS 4, № 1 (2024): 58–63. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10587166.
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Thiru Aadanoor or Andalakkum Aiyan Perumal Temple is a Hindu temple dedicated to Vishnu. It is located in the Thanjavur district of Tamil Nadu, India. It is constructed in the Tamil Nadu style of architecture and is highly praised in the work “Nalayira Divya Prabandham”, a collection of religious hymns written by the Alvar saints between the 6th and 9th centuries CE. This temple is considered as 11<sup>th</sup> of the 108 Divya Desams dedicated to Vishnu. The main deity is worshipped as Andalakkum Aiyan, while his consort is worshipped as Ranganayaki. The deities in this temple resemble those in the Sri Ranganathaswamy temple of Srirangam, with the main deity Vishnu depicted in a reclining, half-sleeping posture. According to belief, Andalakkum Aiyarn appeared to a devoted follower who was trying to protect Rangantha. The temple holds six daily rituals at various times from the morning to evening. Brahmotsavam is the most significant festival celebrated during the Tamil month of Vaikasi, which falls between the English months May and June.
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Šlapeta, Vladimir, and Marcin Gierbienis. "Evolution of public library architecture as based on the work of Alvar Aalto and the extension of the Seinäjoki library." Technical Transactions 1, no. 2024 (2024): 1–17. https://doi.org/10.37705/techtrans/e2024019.
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The end of the 20th century was a period of dynamic change for libraries. The growing popularity of new media, the development of television and especially the Internet, changes in the way societies, economies and industries functioned have all had a significant impact on the way libraries are run. Just as libraries used to be important places for acquiring knowledge, for accessing information, today the flow of information is different, and the book as a product is no longer as attractive, but also, even in the context of libraries, has ceased to be the main element of their operation. Institutions have found a solution to this problem by attracting audiences with both a more interesting and varied cultural offer. The paper discusses how library architecture has evolved over the centuries on the case study of the extension of the public library in Seinäjoki. Finnish city is also known for the work of Alvar Aalto, who created a civic centre that also became the site of one of the most interesting libraries. Aalto was passionate about this form of use, which accompanied him through various stages of his career. Given that the old building and the new one were built less than half a century apart, it is interesting from a research point of view to compare their architecture, aesthetics and approach to spatial organisation.
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Weigt, Andrea. "Exploring ideas in our senses Kant's faculty of imagination explored in Ungers 'City metaphors'." SAJ - Serbian Architectural Journal 10, no. 3 (2018): 107–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/saj1802107w.
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Senses and ideas, how do they meet? The connection of the sensory realm and pure reason is found in Immanuel Kant's philosophy, particularly in his theory of the faculty of imagination. This paper examines his ideas concerning this capacity, especially his notion of the free play. With examples of the creative processes of architects I will demonstrate that the free play between the capacity of imagination and cognition alters our perception. In that state of perception ideas arise from the sensory input. Oswald M. Ungers has expounded on the idea giving life to his creations in his publication City Metaphors, which is a focal reference for this paper. In the interpretation of the author City Metaphors can display this altered state of perception profoundly if they are connected to Kant's theories and his understanding of the imagination. The "City Methaphors" can even be seen as an exploration of the faculty of imagination entering into the realm of free play. In my conclusion I will use designs of Le Corbusier and Alvar Aalto to illustrate the potential of the faculty of imagination in the examples of concrete design processes.
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Heikinheimo, Marianna. "Paimio Sanatorium under Construction." Arts 7, no. 4 (2018): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts7040078.
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Alvar Aalto created innovative architecture in his breakthrough work, Paimio Sanatorium, located in Southwestern Finland and designed between 1928 and 1933. This empirical case study looked at the iconic piece of architecture from a new angle by implementing the actor-network theory (ANT). The focus was on how the architecture of the sanatorium came to be. A detailed description of the chronology and administration of the building process enabled observing on the role of the agency of the architect. The study surveyed the cooperation, collaboration, and decision making of the agency during the construction period. The first part of this paper focused on the relations and conditions of producing the sanatorium and analyzed the building through drawings and archive material; the second part linked to the actor-network theory of Bruno Latour and included a discussion on how Aalto managed to bring along the other actors. The study clearly showed the importance of a collaborative effort in a building project. The most special architectural solutions for Paimio Sanatorium, a demanding institutional building project, came into being in circumstances where the architect managed to create a viable network that merged collective competence with material factors.
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Waldenström, Jonas, Patrik Rhönnstad, and Dennis Hasselquist. "Habitat preferences and population trends in the Barred Warbler Sylvia nisoria in the Ottenby area, southeast Sweden." Ornis Svecica 14, no. 3 (2004): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.34080/os.v14.22791.
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We performed a detailed census of the breeding population of Barred Warblers Sylvia nisoria in the Ottenby area on the southernmost part of the island Öland, SE Sweden, in the years 1999 and 2000. The number of territories in the study area was similar to the census conducted in 1971—1975, although the distribution of territories had changed. In 1999—2000 most territories were located in the grazed Alvar habitat (a limestone rich steppe found on some island in the southern Baltic Sea) in the north part of the study area, whereas areas in which grazing had ceased since 1971—1975 had been more or less abandoned. Data from the standardized trappings at Ottenby Bird Observatory showed no significant changes in the annual number of trapped juvenile Barred Warblers, also suggesting a stable population size. We investigated the vegetation (species composition and spatial structure) in occupied territories and compared these with randomly distributed plots in the same habitats. Occupied territories were overall more spatially varied, with a large proportion of the vegetation consisting of low and middle-sized bushes. We also use these habitat preference data to outline management advice for this rather uncommon species with fragmented distribution pattern.
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Pombo, Fátima, and Sónia Teles e Silva. "Three Drawings for Three Stories about Portuguese Cultural Heritage." Res Mobilis 9, no. 11 (2020): 86–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.17811/rm.9.11.2020.86-106.
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This article aims to discuss the specificity of three author’s projects to elaborate about the partnership between traditional economic sectors and design as added value regarding cultural heritage as framework for sustainable solutions. The scenery of intervention is the refurbishment of a single-family home that motivated the creation of three types of products: an entrance door, an armed chair with a footstool and eight carpets. The three projects started from hand drawings of one of the architects of the architecture office in charge of the assignment. In this text it is considered the concept of home and surrounding objects from an organic, human centred perspective, recalling, among others, essays as Bauen Wohnen Denken from Martin Heidegger and Rationalism and Man from Alvar Aalto as key texts that give the note of this text’s approach. The analysis goes further by addressing the product’s development process through the immersive collaboration of the architects with the client, technicians, workers of the chosen factories, namely metalwork, carpentry/carving and hand knotting. Finally, in this article it is to remark that these projects are a significant example to illustrate the partnership that can be experienced between arts & crafts production and design proposals. In effect, the craft industry that remains in the market with competitive parameters is the one that adapts techniques and skills of the tradition and innovates in concepts.
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Grijalba Bengoetxea, Julio, and Alberto Grijalba Bengoetxea. "Los tres muros de Paimio." VLC arquitectura. Research Journal 4, no. 1 (2017): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/vlc.2017.6989.
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<p>Alvar Aalto´s career has certainly been a complex one and has been reported by official historiography to be divided into some more or less well-defined periods which correspond to unitary in time clusters of projects. Thus, Paimio has come to be for architecture the consolidation of the Modern Finnish Project at its apparently orthodox splendor. Aalto, from the very beginning, was attracted by the possibility of generating his own project message. This may be the reason why he found researching into the evocative power of <em>opposite conciliation<strong> </strong></em>which allowed him to obtain efficient tools to service his project. The peculiar presence of opposing elements in the same project governs the task of defining a new way to conceive architecture. There are truths in Paimio that withstand and refuse to be concealed under the apparent modern uniformity so many times appraised. All this becomes obvious and in many of the project syntax elements, but it is especially evident in the layout of the three walls of the rooms: the modern wall that stand weightless, defined by its immaterial abstraction; the heavy wall, defined by its physic features and bond to the XIX century tradition; and finally, the wall with an immaterial vocation, endowed with almost invisible features, and of deep eastern roots.</p>
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Catling, Paul M., and Gisèle Mitrow. "Distribution and History of Naturalized Common Pear, Pyrus communis, in Ontario." Canadian Field-Naturalist 122, no. 1 (2008): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v122i1.544.
Full textAbstract:
Considered rare or entirely overlooked until 1998, Pyrus communis is currently widespread and locally abundant as an escape from cultivation in southern Ontario. It was first noticed growing wild in Elgin County in 1949 and up until 1965 it was known as a wild plant only in the eastern Lake Erie region. It was first reported in the eastern Lake Ontario region in 1969 and is now widespread and locally abundant there. It now occurs north to the Georgian Bay region, and southwest to Essex County. Since it has had a very effective and rapid dispersal system for centuries as a result of cultivation and discarded cores, the apparently recent spread may be a consequence of climate warming extending the area within which it can grow wild, otherwise it would have escaped much earlier. It occurs in old fields and along fences within agricultural landscapes, but has been recorded in native woodland, prairie and alvar habitats. It dominates abandoned fields and pasture in some areas and may also increase in certain natural habitats and compete with native species. It is, however, less aggressive than some other alien woody plants and provides abundant food in the form of pollen, nectar and fruit during the early stages of old field succession. Spread is believed to be mostly by humans, but Racoons, deer, and other small mammals may be important in local dispersal.
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Ajufoh, Michael C. O., W. A. Gumau, and Yaktor Joshua Inusa. "Curbing the Menace of Building Collapse in Nigeria." International Letters of Natural Sciences 20 (July 2014): 168–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.20.168.
Full textAbstract:
Marcus Vitruvious polio, the Roman writer, Architect and Engineer, was famous for asserting in his book De Architectura that a structure must exhibit the three qualities of firmitas, utilitas and venustas – that is, it must be strong or durable, useful and beautiful. Hugo Alvar Aalto the Finnish Architect and designer, argued that the responsible designer/Architect must “do no harm” on the end users of such a building nor provide environments unsuitable for their use. Part of the federal Government of Nigeria’s transformation agenda is the provision of quality and affordable infrastructure through Housing and Urban Development. But the spate of collapsed buildings in the country has reached an alarming rate. The incessant cases are enough reasons to declare a state of emergency in the construction industry. A building collapse could be a total or partial failure of one or more components of a building leading to the inability of the building to perform its principle function of safety and stability. In an attempt to find a solution to this menace, this paper therefore tries to examine some of the major causes of building collapse and tries to proffer remedial measures that may curb its devastating effects. The paper also briefly outlines its implications on real estate investment and also briefly tries to advice on procedures for rescuing people from collapsed buildings.
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Ajufoh, Michael C. O., W. A. Gumau, and Yaktor Joshua Inusa. "Curbing the Menace of Building Collapse in Nigeria." International Letters of Natural Sciences 20 (July 23, 2014): 168–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-9q3lxt.
Full textAbstract:
Marcus Vitruvious polio, the Roman writer, Architect and Engineer, was famous for asserting in his book De Architectura that a structure must exhibit the three qualities of firmitas, utilitas and venustas – that is, it must be strong or durable, useful and beautiful. Hugo Alvar Aalto the Finnish Architect and designer, argued that the responsible designer/Architect must “do no harm” on the end users of such a building nor provide environments unsuitable for their use. Part of the federal Government of Nigeria’s transformation agenda is the provision of quality and affordable infrastructure through Housing and Urban Development. But the spate of collapsed buildings in the country has reached an alarming rate. The incessant cases are enough reasons to declare a state of emergency in the construction industry. A building collapse could be a total or partial failure of one or more components of a building leading to the inability of the building to perform its principle function of safety and stability. In an attempt to find a solution to this menace, this paper therefore tries to examine some of the major causes of building collapse and tries to proffer remedial measures that may curb its devastating effects. The paper also briefly outlines its implications on real estate investment and also briefly tries to advice on procedures for rescuing people from collapsed buildings.
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Sand-Jensen, Kaj, Jens Borum, Claus Lindskov Møller, and Lars Baastrup-Spohr. "Physiological Adaptation and Plant Distribution along a Steep Hydrological Gradient." Plants 11, no. 13 (2022): 1683. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11131683.
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Plant species often separate strongly along steep environmental gradients. Our objective was to study how coupling between plant physiology and environmental conditions shapes vegetation characteristics along a distinct hydrological gradient. We therefore investigated species photosynthesis in air and under water within a limited area from dry-as-dust to complete submergence in a nutrient-poor limestone habitat on Öland’s Alvar, Sweden. We found structural and physiological adaptations of species to endure water limitation at the dry end (e.g., moss cushions and CAM-metabolism) and diffusive carbon limitation (e.g., bicarbonate use) at the submerged end of the gradient. As anticipated, mean photosynthesis in air increased 18-fold from the species-poor assembly of cushion-mosses and Sedum CAM-species on mm-thin limestone pavements to the species-rich assembly of C-3 terrestrial plants in deeper and wetter soils. A GLM-model indicated that 90% of the variation in species richness could be explained by a positive effect of soil depth, a negative effect of the duration of water cover and their interaction. In water, mean photosynthesis was highest among aquatic species, low among Sedum species and cushion mosses, and negligible among C-3 terrestrial plants. While aquatic species dried out in air, drought-resistant small species were probably competitively excluded from the more suitable terrestrial habitats on deeper soils with moderate flooding by taller species of high photosynthetic capability. In conclusion, the clear distribution of species along the steep hydrological gradient reflects distinct structural and physiological adaptations, environmental filtering and interspecific competition.
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Van Surell, C., D. Lemaigre, M. Leroy, A. Foucher, MP Hagenmuller, and B. Raffestin. "Evaluation of an ambulatory device, CID 102, in the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome." European Respiratory Journal 8, no. 5 (1995): 795–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.95.08050795.
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Diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) is usually performed during overnight polysomnography in the sleep laboratory. In an attempt to simplify the diagnostic strategy, we compared an ambulatory device, CID 102, with polysomnography during the same night in the laboratory in 50 consecutive patients referred for polysomnography. The CID 102 device monitors oxygen saturation, heart rate, body position and tracheal breath sounds. An acoustic pressure sensor is placed on the suprasternal notch. Signals coming from this sensor are amplified and analysed in three different channels, according to their frequency and energy. CID respiratory disturbance index is defined as the number, per hour of analysis time, of apnoeas lasting more than 10 s plus episodes of desaturation by 4% or more associated with pauses lasting from 7-10 s or snores. The polysomnographic data were recorded on paper (Reega 2000, Alvar) and analysed manually. Polysomnographic apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHIp) was defined as the number of apnoeas plus hypopnoeas per hour of sleep. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of various CID respiratory disturbance index (> or = 5, > or = 10, > or = 15 and > or = 20 per hour) in diagnosing obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome were determined. When OSAS was diagnosed as AHIp > or = 15, sensitivity and specificity of a CID respiratory disturbance index > or = 5 were 73 and 62%, respectively. Positive predictive value of CID respiratory disturbance index > or = 10 for AHIp > or = 10 was 94%. CID 102 false negative patients had only hypopnoeas without any desaturation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Oliynyk, Olena. "FEATURES OF SPATIAL AND SYNTAX ANALYSIS OF MUSEUM AND CULTURAL COMPLEXES." Urban development and spatial planning, no. 81 (August 31, 2022): 274–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2076-815x.2022.81.274-286.
Full textAbstract:
The article is devoted to the study of spatial planning structures of museum and cultural complexes based on spatial and configurational analysis. The author proposes a re-search methodology based on the methods of spatial analysis and syntax. Features of the spatial analysis of interiors on the examples of museum and cultural complexes are considered. It was found that all of them at the present stage have a tendency to form or deepen the degree of integration: the enfilade, didactic model (British Museum) is supplemented by an integrated core, turning into a more democratic one; multiaxial, lattice models form such centers at the intersection of axes, centric models deepen the social aspects of the integrated core.
 The exposition of museums of history and nature is usually placed perimeterally and sequentially (in accordance with a certain historical period), has a linear configuration that does not provide for bridges of meetings, except for the entrance hall. Instead, the interior space of museums of modern art is mostly integral, democratic, integrated, provides one or more meeting places; exhibition rooms and the lobby are connected by a system of stairs and transitions, sometimes on different levels, forming a complete system of internal space.
 A spatial analysis of the configurations of Alvar Aalto's libraries showed that they, as a rule, contain a central integrated core, which turns them into public centers to this day. At the same time, it was determined that the majority of museums in Kyiv have a historical complex, didactic planning model that needs updating from the point of view of improving the experience of visitors and greater democratization of the movement.