Dissertations / Theses: 'From experts'

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Wisse, Bram Willem. "On taking a moment to learn from experts." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2012. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18244.

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Subject matter experts have become increasingly important as sources of valuable information in the support of decision making for the Dutch Defence. Yet, the Defence methodology toolbox is lacking a methodology for dealing with quantitative subject matter expert judgements. In this thesis we evaluate a methodology that reflects the discrete character of quantitative expert judgements and is flexible in the amount of detail that can both be specified by the experts and is needed for the decision problem at hand: the Bates linear methodology. This entails that the methodology can be applied within a relatively short time frame, leading to a short response time. The methodology evaluated in this thesis also provides a vehicle to gradually switch from expert judgement to actually observed data when this becomes available. To date little guidance is available as to how to obtain the assessments from experts necessary to poulate a Bayes linear model. In this thesis we have evaluated (a b ivariate extension of) the extended Pearson-Tukey method for the derivation of the second order moment assessment needed to quantify a Bayes linear model, by evaluating its performance for a wide variety of bivariate distributions. We found this method to perform very well when variables are not strongly skewed. By means of simulation studies we show that the Bayes linear adjustment of moments can be inaccurate for not joint Normally distributed variables. Yet, we find that the use of higher order moment information can greatly increase the accuracy. For the distributions considered in this thesis the increase is between five and eleven orders of magnitude when third and fourth ordermoment information is used as well in the adjustment. For distribution with a poor performance of the regular adjustment of moments this increase in accuracy is sustained when this higher order moment information is to be obtained from expert assessments, leading to increased accuracy between one and t wo orders of magnitude. Finally we develop a performance based method to combine sets of (product) moment assessments from different experts into one set of assessments that represents a rational consensus of the experts' assessments, so that multiple experts can be consulted for a Bayes linear study. Based on the results presented in this thesis we strongly advise to complement the Defence methodology toolbox with the Bayes linear methodology.

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David, Madden K. "From experts to social scientists : the American antrhopologists, 1929-1963." The Ohio State University, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1176220500.

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Madden, David K. "From experts to social scientists : the American anthropologists, 1929-1963 /." Connect to resource, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1176220500.

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Coderre, Sylvain Paul. "Scheme utilization by medical students and experts, from theoretical to clinical advantages." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ64947.pdf.

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Wikberg, Per. "Eliciting Knowledge from Experts in Modeling of Complex Systems : Managing Variation and Interactions." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Department of Computer and Information Science, Linköping University, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-10111.

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Bartova, Zdenka. "Learning from the experts: Qualitative study of the lived experience of mental illness." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2014. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1412.

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Severe mental illness has a profound effect on the affected individuals yet it does not necessarily prevent them from leading a meaningful and fulfilling life, and therefore recovering. Recovery has received a great interest in clinical and consumer research yet little is known about how those individuals who do not primarily identify with recovery respond to the concept and come to accept it as something that is personally meaningful. Using a qualitative approach following the principles of Gadamer’s (1975) hermeneutics, the present study explored people’s subjective experience of mental illness with the aim of identifying factors related to their views of mental illness, their adaptation, coping and recovery, and the subjective meanings they gave to the phenomenon. In Phase I, 25 adults diagnosed with mental illness participated in unstructured, confidential interviews at the end of which they completed the Recovery Assessment Scale-Revised (RAS-R) (Corrigan et al., 1999). The study identified six main themes related to person-centred and social/relational factors that played a role in the persons’ life with mental illness: (a) mental illness as a journey, (b) personal conceptualisations of mental illness, (c) illness management and coping, (d) losses and gains, (e) professional help, and (f) the role of others. Phase II was completed by 18 participants from the original sample who were provided with feedback on their respective RAS-R (Corrigan et al., 1999) results and who in turn provided their feedback on the scale and their experience of completing it; this was followed by a discussion of recovery. The participant narratives suggested that recovery was conceptualised in two broad ways: as a return to baseline following crisis and as living as best as one can given personal circumstances. The findings further indicated that recovery as a concept had the potential to remain abstract and lack in meaning unless the person’s biases and perceptions were explored in an opened, non-directive conversation. Both the initial interview and the follow-up session were audiotaped, transcribed and consequently subjected to thematic content analysis. Following the analysis, the participants were invited for a third interview during which they were asked to provide feedback on the analysis and add further information. This represented Phase III, which was completed by 10 participants from the original sample; this phase also served as a reflection on the experience of research participation. Findings indicated that research participation was generally seen as a positive experience that could have potentially therapeutic benefits. The process involved active engagement for both the participants and the researcher, which may have helped foster closeness but that also raised a number of ethical dilemmas, primarily in terms of dual roles and researcher self-disclosure. Overall, the studies highlighted the complex interplay of both clinical and non-clinical factors that the individuals took into account as they were making sense of their experience. The studies have a number of clinical implications, specifically addressing the role of hospitals in treatment, the relationship between mental illness and trauma, participatory assessment of recovery, and the role of clinical psychology in the treatment of severe mental illness. Furthermore, the studies point out the potential benefits of supplementing clinical work, whether in research or in treatment, with the methods and processes of Gadamerian hermeneutics. The core principles of the Gadamerian approach (the fusion of the horizons of meaning, the hermeneutic circle and the dialogue) promote viewing of a phenomenon as a contextually embedded experience that is interpreted through the person’s pre-existing views and his/her present range of vision. The approach conceptualises interactions between two parties as opened conversations that aim at shared understanding, rather than objective truth. Such conversations are characterised by a back-and-forth movement between the whole and its parts, which eventually leads to improved understanding. Therefore greater appreciation of contextual information and meaning-making processes; treating both sources of expertise (consumer and professional) as equally important; viewing psychopathology as only one part of mental illness and mental illness as one part of the person’s life; and finally approaching clinical and research interactions as relational endeavours that test the underlying assumptions of both parties could help influence the way mental health professionals work with individuals with severe mental illness.

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Brown, Gordon Lindal. "Assessment of crop losses from ozone using biomonitor plants and risk estimates by experts." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30601.

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Environmental policy makers are required to make decisions under uncertainty regarding the benefits and costs of specific regulatory action. Uncertainty is a phenomenon that cannot be avoided in the assessment of environmental impacts, due to the inherent stochasticity of environmental systems, as well as a lack of adequate empirical data related to specific cause and effect relationships. A primary constraint associated with generation of adequate data from experiments is that environmental research is expensive, and conclusive results may take several years to obtain. In the meantime, significant impacts could be occurring, virtually undetected. A high degree of uncertainty exists in the assessment of the potential effects of ozone (O₃) pollution on agricultural crop yield. Thus, the purpose of this research was to provide information related to the potential impacts of O₃ pollution on crops in the Fraser Valley east of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Two alternate methods were utilized: (i) biomonitoring with Bel W-3 tobacco, a plant variety that is very sensitive to O₃, and (ii) expert judgments of the risks of crop losses from O₃. The biomonitor survey was conducted over three growing seasons (1985 - 1987), in which ambient O₃ pollution conditions were atypically low, limiting the injury response data obtained. However, a correlation was established between biomonitor injury response and ambient O₃ levels, demonstrating that phytotoxic pollution conditions occurred during these years. Calibration of biomonitor injury response with crop yield losses revealed the following: (i) yield losses due to O₃ exposure are likely in the event that biomonitor plants exhibit O₃-induced injury symptoms, and (ii) the absence of biomonitor injury does not preclude the possibility of crop loss, since the O₃ exposure threshold for biomonitor injury may exceed that for loss of certain crops. Although experts are commonly used to provide judgments of potential impacts under uncertainty, there is a paucity of information regarding the desirable attributes of expertise. Selection of experts is largely an ambiguous task, and choices of experts by different persons are likely to be inconsistent. Prior to selection of experts for this project, a comprehensive survey was conducted of over 200 environmental professionals to determine the characteristics of an expert in O₃ effects on crops. It was shown that expertise in this area involves a considerable number of attributes. These were grouped, using factor analysis, into seven independent dimensions: education, type of career experience, length of career experience, cognitive skills, personal qualities related to credibility, scientific recognition and involvement in the scientific community. In general, there was agreement between different groups (e.g., research scientists and members of conservation groups) regarding the relative importance of the various dimensions of expertise. Nine crop loss experts were selected, based on nomination by a large group (166) of their scientific peers. It was demonstrated with regression analysis that nominated experts exhibited the attributes identified in the survey. Logit models were estimated that predict an individual's degree of expertise in O₃ effects on crops, based on specific attributes possessed by that individual. Independent judgments were then obtained from the nine experts regarding probable crop losses under typical O₃ pollution conditions in the Fraser Valley. Probabilistic judgments of crop losses were generally similar among experts and approximated the level of crop losses predicted from the biomonitor survey. Limited empirical exposure-response information for Fraser Valley crops indicated that some cultivars may be more sensitive than assumed by the experts. Additional exposure-response experiments will be required to determine the source of this inconsistency. Science, Faculty of Resources, Environment and Sustainability (IRES), Institute for Graduate

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Reyes, Felipe Alejandro. "Are all new market entry strategic dimensions equally relevant?: insights from some chilean experts?" reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/15135.

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Submitted by Daniele Santos (danielesantos.htl@gmail.com) on 2015-12-22T14:14:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Felipe.pdf: 2884908 bytes, checksum: fd9bfa679fe21d998b708516dec44d99 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Janete de Oliveira Feitosa (janete.feitosa@fgv.br) on 2016-01-27T16:22:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Felipe.pdf: 2884908 bytes, checksum: fd9bfa679fe21d998b708516dec44d99 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2016-02-01T13:46:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Felipe.pdf: 2884908 bytes, checksum: fd9bfa679fe21d998b708516dec44d99 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-01T13:46:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Felipe.pdf: 2884908 bytes, checksum: fd9bfa679fe21d998b708516dec44d99 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-10-27 This thesis looks into the strategic dimensions that Multi-National Companies (MNC) consider when they start the operation in a new country in Latin America and if all have the same weight or relevance when doing the strategic decisions as a guide to land onto a new country. Understanding the weight that MNCs gives to them can prompt to understand the reasons behind the success stories, the struggles - and even failures - that some companies had in the aforementioned region. The approach was via an initial analysis of the scholar bibliography in order to define three main dimensions in the models or frameworks that deal with the strategy used to land. After this, and through interviews, was found out how relevant are each of them for their companies, how they weight them and if there were other dimensions considered. The question that this thesis contributes to understand is if all new market strategic dimensions are equally relevant for a MNC when arriving to Latin America. The results show a predominance of the cultural aspect and in second place, the considered entry strategy (alliances, speed, size, etc.).

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De, santiago Kylliann. "From stratification to prediction : multimodal machine learning with latent block models and mixtures of experts." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025UPASM001.

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Cette thèse explore l'application de méthodes d'apprentissage automatique multimodales pour l'analyse de données médicales, en mettant l'accent sur la stratification des patients et la prédiction de la récupération auditive après un traumatisme sonore aigu. L'étude repose sur des données hétérogènes (audiologiques, génomiques et protéomiques) collectées à différents moments après le traumatisme. L'objectif principal est d'extraire des caractéristiques pertinentes en combinant ces données multimodales, afin de permettre une analyse plus précise du comportement individuel des patients et des tendances globales. Dans un premier temps, les problématiques de l'apprentissage multimodal et les particularités de la fusion des données sont abordées. Ensuite, un modèle de fusion tardive basé sur les modèles à blocs stochastiques est développé. Ce modèle permet de caractériser la redondance et la complémentarité de l'information disponible : (i) en regroupant les différentes sources en composantes, (ii) en maintenant une stratification globale des individus, permettant ainsi la définition de communautés. Par ailleurs, l'utilisation de l'approche bayésienne permet de mettre en œuvre une méthode de sélection de modèle. Enfin, un modèle de fusion intermédiaire est proposé, étendant le cadre des Mixture of Experts en intégrant une modélisation par modèle à blocs latents conditionnels des entrées. L'objectif est de réduire la complexité algorithmique en résumant les variables par composantes, tout en préservant l'interprétabilité et en assurant de bonnes performances de prédiction This thesis explores the application of multimodal machine learning techniques for the analysis of medical data, with a focus on patient stratification and the prediction of hearing recovery after acute sound trauma. The study relies on heterogeneous data (audiological, genomic, and proteomic) collected at various time points following the trauma. The main objective is to extract relevant features by combining these multimodal data, thus enabling a more accurate analysis of individual patient behavior and global trends. First, the challenges of multimodal learning and the specificities of data fusion are addressed. Next, a late fusion model based on stochastic block models is developed. This model allows the characterization of redundancy and complementarity of the available information by (i) grouping the different sources into components, and (ii) maintaining a global stratification of individuals, thereby defining communities. Moreover, the use of a Bayesian approach enables the implementation of a model selection method. Finally, an intermediate fusion model is proposed, extending the Mixture of Experts framework by incorporating conditional latent block modeling of the inputs. The objective is to reduce algorithmic complexity by summarizing variables into components while preserving interpretability and ensuring good predictive performance

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Mohanty, Pooja. "Knowledge aggregation from experts and customers: A contribution to new product innovation with artificial intelligence techniques." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Ramon Llull, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672428.

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La innovació de nous productes amb la participació del client, ha ajudat a reforçar el canvi de paradigma de les organitzacions cap a una lògica centrada en el client. Els beneficis de participar en la co-creació de nous productes són especialment prolífics per als clients, donant lloc al fenomen de crowdsourcing amb tornejos, retransmissions i concursos. No obstant això, amb una major participació, les empreses s'enfronten a un nou repte: aprendre a filtrar les millors solucions o idees per als seus problemes. Per a això, proposem un enfoc basat en el nivell d'adopció de clients. Primer, identifiquem 72 articles que examinen l'adopció de la innovació per part dels clients en una revisió sistemàtica de la literatura durant 30 anys, en múltiples disciplines. Sintetitzar el coneixement existent ens ha permès dibuixar un marc conceptual que relaciona el segment de clients innovadors (IG) amb el rendiment de nous productes. A l'igual que els usuaris principals, el paper dels Innovadors és crucial en el procés de desenvolupament de nous productes (NPD). roposem formes per identificar aquests clients i vincular-los al procés de desenvolupament de nous productes mitjançant la utilització dels seus coneixements i preferències, la generació d'idees o la difusió i promoció dels nous llançaments. Tot i la seva contribució en el procés d'innovació, identificar els clients més innovadors (també anomenats early adopters) no ha estat sistemàtica. Investigacions anteriors inclouen tècniques de netnografia, piramidación i detecció combinades amb enquestes per capturar el potencial IG. No obstant això, segueix existint una bretxa en la forma sistemàtica d'identificar aquests clients. Per tancar la bretxa, explorem formes específiques de selecció de clients de Big-Data i així mitigar les limitacions del crowdsourcing en el procés de co-creació. Desenvolupem un sistema intel·ligent combinant el coneixement d'experts i la informació comportamental de la base de dades de clients existent. A l'emprar models d'aprenentatge automàtic supervisats, ajudem a identificar i predir quins són els primers clients (de tota la base de dades de l'empresa) que adoptaran / adquiriran abans el nou producte. Al fer-ho, mostrem als directius que poden desenvolupar models d'Intel·ligència Artificial (IA) que els permet identificar els seus early adopters de la Big-Data existent a l'empresa. Acadèmicament, mostrem que combinant el coneixement dels experts en matèria d'identificació de early adopters i llançaments de productes, amb la informació emmagatzemada sobre clients a la base de dades de l'empresa, i analitzant aquest coneixement amb tècniques d'IA, es pot identificar millor als IGs que amb els mètodes existents. També avancem en el coneixement dels factors clau que més afecten als IGs en les seves decisions d'adquisició de nous productes. Teòricament, contribuïm a la literatura de classificació de clients i NPD amb algoritmes d'aprenentatge automàtic aplicats. A més, proporcionem coneixements i suggerim línies futures per avançar en la investigación de la investigació de la co-creació i el crowdsourcing. La innovación de nuevos productos con la participación del cliente, ha ayudado a reforzar el cambio de paradigma de las organizaciones hacia una lógica centrada en el cliente. Los beneficios de participar en la cocreación de nuevos productos son especialmente prolíficos para los clientes, dando lugar al fenómeno de crowdsourcing con torneos, retransmisiones y concursos. Sin embargo, con una mayor participación, las empresas se enfrentan a un nuevo reto: aprender a filtrar las mejores soluciones o ideas para sus problemas. Para ello, proponemos un enfoque basado en el nivel de adopción del cliente. Primero, identificamos 72 artículos que examinan la adopción de la innovación por parte de los clientes en una revisión sistemática de la literatura durante 30 años, en múltiples disciplinas. Sintetizar el conocimiento existente nos ha permitido dibujar un marco conceptual que relaciona el segmento de clientes innovadores (IG) con el rendimiento de nuevos productos. Al igual que los usuarios principales, el papel de los Innovadores es crucial en el proceso de desarrollo de nuevos productos (NPD). Proponemos formas para identificar a estos clientes y vincularlos al proceso de desarrollo de nuevos productos mediante la utilización de sus conocimientos y preferencias, la generación de ideas o la difusión y promoción de los nuevos lanzamientos. A pesar de su contribución en el proceso de innovación, identificar los clientes más innovadores (early adopters) no ha sido sistemática. Investigaciones anteriores incluyen técnicas de netnografía, piramidación y detección combinadas con encuestas para capturar el potencial IG. Sin embargo, sigue existiendo una brecha en la forma sistemática de identificar a estos clientes. Para cerrar la brecha, exploramos formas específicas de selección de clientes de Big-Data y así mitigar las limitaciones del crowdsourcing en el proceso de cocreación. Desarrollamos un sistema inteligente combinando el conocimiento de expertos y la información comportamental de la base de datos de clientes existente. Al emplear modelos de aprendizaje automático supervisados, ayudamos a identificar y predecir cuáles son los primeros clientes (de toda la base de datos de la empresa) que adoptarán/adquirirán antes el nuevo producto. Al hacerlo, mostramos a los directivos que pueden desarrollar modelos de Inteligencia Artificial (IA) que les permite identificar sus early adopters de la Big-Data existente en la empresa. Académicamente, mostramos que combinando el conocimiento de los expertos en materia de identificación de early adopters y lanzamientos de productos con la información almacenada sobre clientes en la base de datos de la empresa, y analizando este conocimiento con técnicas de IA, se puede identificar mejor a los early adopters que con los métodos existentes. También avanzamos en el conocimiento de los factores clave que más afectan a los IGs en sus decisiones de adopción de nuevos productos. Teóricamente, contribuimos a la literatura de clasificación de clientes y NPD con algoritmos de aprendizaje automático aplicados. Además, proporcionamos conocimientos y sugerimos direcciones futuras para avanzar en la investigación de la cocreación y el crowdsourcing. New product innovation with customer participation has helped reinforce the paradigm shift from organisation to customer centric logic. The benefits of customers’ participation for cocreation in new products are specifically prolific, giving rise to interesting phenomenon of crowdsourcing with tournaments, broadcasting and contests. However, with increased participation, firms face challenges in filtering the best solutions or ideas for their problems. Acknowledging these facts, we employ a customer-adoption perspective to investigate the problem. First, we identify 72 articles that examine customer adoption of innovation in a systematic literature review of 30 years across multiple disciplines. By synthesising the existing knowledge, we propose a conceptual framework linking Innovator Group (IG) customers to new product performance. Similar to lead users, the role of IG customers is crucial in New Product Development (NPD) process, and we propose ways to identify these customers and link them to new product performance by utilize their knowledge for preference dissemination, idea generation or new product information diffusion. Despite their contribution and usage in the innovation process, identification of these early adopters has remained unsystematic. Prior research has included netnography, pyramiding and screening techniques with surveys to capture the potential IG. However, there remains a gap in the systematic way to identify these customers. To bridge the gap, we explore specific ways to select these customers from Big-Data for mitigating the challenges of overcrowding in cocreation process. We developed an intelligent system framework by combining knowledge from experts and knowledge on customer behavioural information. By employing supervised machine learning models, we help identify and predict the early adopters from the firm’s database. By doing so, we show managers that they can develop Artificial Intelligence (AI) models to utilise the Big-Data they have on customers for early adopter identification. For academia, we show with knowledge aggregation from experts and customers, AI techniques perform in identification better than the existing methods. We also advance the knowledge on the key factors that affect the early adopters the most in their new product adoption decisions. Theoretically, we contribute to the NPD and customer classification literatures with applied machine learning algorithms. We also provide insights and suggest future directions for advancing knowledge in the cocreation and crowdsourcing research.

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Baker, Martha C. "A Descriptive Study of the View from the Top: Perspectives of Experts in Continuing Medical Education." Scholar Commons, 2010. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/1565.

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This study describes and explains the perspectives of selected experts in continuing medical education (CME) and provides a glimpse at their lived experience. The theoretical frameworks are inclusive of constructivism and social constructivism reflecting the learning that takes place in medicine and that which occurs in the interview process. The voice of the researcher is heard through her professional role as a continuing medical education provider. The major elements of CME are identified as the role of accreditation and physician involvement in the design and delivery of CME; the primary influences as funding, physician involvement and accreditation; the significant issue is the expertise of CME providers; the future of CME is to be molded by the funding of CME, its providers and technology in continuing education venues. Performance improvement continuing medical education will continue to be the gold standard of accredited organizations. Implications for practice are many as the role of the CME provider changes to meet the expectations of the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education, the Institute of Medicine and organizations such as the American Association of Medical Colleges and American Association of Colleges of Nursing. Future research studies could include the following: interviewing experts in similar work environments may provide more focused findings that would assist that particular segment of the profession and their respective institutions; a comparison of local and national providers may shed light on how similar or disparate they are in the design, delivery, measurement, and funding of CME; a prospective longitudinal study looking at the implementation and outcomes of the IOM initiative for conflict of interest in medicine, the IOM initiative for the redesign of continuing education in the health professions or interdisciplinary lifelong learning in the health professions as proposed by the AAMC and AACN; investigate the proposed Continuing Professional Development Institute in five to seven years to determine if it achieved the desired design and function, and finally, repeating this study with experts from the same categories in about ten years should reveal significant changes in continuing medical education as compared to the findings presented in the current study.

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Zhang, Ping. "Learning from Multiple Knowledge Sources." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2013. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/214795.

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Computer and Information Science Ph.D. In supervised learning, it is usually assumed that true labels are readily available from a single annotator or source. However, recent advances in corroborative technology have given rise to situations where the true label of the target is unknown. In such problems, multiple sources or annotators are often available that provide noisy labels of the targets. In these multi-annotator problems, building a classifier in the traditional single-annotator manner, without regard for the annotator properties may not be effective in general. In recent years, how to make the best use of the labeling information provided by multiple annotators to approximate the hidden true concept has drawn the attention of researchers in machine learning and data mining. In our previous work, a probabilistic method (i.e., MAP-ML algorithm) of iteratively evaluating the different annotators and giving an estimate of the hidden true labels is developed. However, the method assumes the error rate of each annotator is consistent across all the input data. This is an impractical assumption in many cases since annotator knowledge can fluctuate considerably depending on the groups of input instances. In this dissertation, one of our proposed methods, GMM-MAPML algorithm, follows MAP-ML but relaxes the data-independent assumption, i.e., we assume an annotator may not be consistently accurate across the entire feature space. GMM-MAPML uses a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) and Bayesian information criterion (BIC) to find the fittest model to approximate the distribution of the instances. Then the maximum a posterior (MAP) estimation of the hidden true labels and the maximum-likelihood (ML) estimation of quality of multiple annotators at each Gaussian component are provided alternately. Recent studies show that it is not the case that employing more annotators regardless of their expertise will result in improved highest aggregating performance. In this dissertation, we also propose a novel algorithm to integrate multiple annotators by Aggregating Experts and Filtering Novices, which we call AEFN. AEFN iteratively evaluates annotators, filters the low-quality annotators, and re-estimates the labels based only on information obtained from the good annotators. The noisy annotations we integrate are from any combination of human and previously existing machine-based classifiers, and thus AEFN can be applied to many real-world problems. Emotional speech classification, CASP9 protein disorder prediction, and biomedical text annotation experiments show a significant performance improvement of the proposed methods (i.e., GMM-MAPML and AEFN) as compared to the majority voting baseline and the previous data-independent MAP-ML method. Recent experiments include predicting novel drug indications (i.e., drug repositioning) for both approved drugs and new molecules by integrating multiple chemical, biological or phenotypic data sources. Temple University--Theses

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Keppell, Michael J. "Development and pilot-testing of a method to assist instructional designers elicit unfamiliar content from subject matter experts." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq20745.pdf.

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Webber, Letícia Saltiél. "Criação de um parque tecnológico na cidade de Osório : proposta de um roteiro e sensibilização dos atores da tríplice hélice e da sociedade." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2018. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/7292.

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Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2018-09-24T15:31:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Letícia Saltiél Webber_.pdf: 2312766 bytes, checksum: fce9a826a78e0df02fc42136d807f22f (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-24T15:31:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Letícia Saltiél Webber_.pdf: 2312766 bytes, checksum: fce9a826a78e0df02fc42136d807f22f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-07 Nenhuma O desenvolvimento municipal depende de fatores que afetam a capacidade de gerar emprego e renda, de aumentar suas receitas e de realizar investimentos. Esse problema envolve várias forças sociais como o governo, as entidades que promovem o conhecimento, os empresários e a sociedade. Com a intenção de modificar o ambiente no qual se vive e auxiliar o município de Osório/RS a encontrar alternativas para amenizar os problemas locais, idealizou-se a implementação de um parque tecnológico na cidade. O município carece de um norteamento para a implantação do parque tecnológico, dessa forma, para a efetivação dessa iniciativa, apresenta-se o objetivo dessa dissertação, que é propor um roteiro indicando quais as diretrizes necessárias para a criação de um parque tecnológico para o município de Osório e a forma de sensibilização dos atores da tríplice hélice e da sociedade. A proposta contempla um roteiro de procedimentos que devem ser executadas para viabilizar a implementação do parque, inspirado no modelo de governança da tríplice hélice. O cumprimento dos objetivos foi possível através da pesquisa documental com abordagem exploratória qualitativa, que permitiu o acesso e análises de dados; da pesquisa-ação, que promoveu a interação dos atores envolvidos; e teve o direcionamento dos passos para a criação do roteiro conforme a Design Science Research com as sugestões dos Experts. Essa movimentação pôde ser registrada num Caderno de Campo. Com a pesquisa, foi possível observar que o município apresenta um desenvolvimento regular motivado principalmente pela falta de investimentos e que necessita aumentar o emprego e a renda, que diminuíram em função da diminuição da capacidade produtiva e do envelhecimento da população. Ainda que, a implantação do parque tecnológico estruturante voltado para tecnologia, com governança nos moldes da tríplice hélice, auxiliaria no desenvolvimento local, consoante as sugestões dos Experts. Assim, o roteiro proposto para a criação do parque tecnológico já logrou êxito visto que várias etapas propostas já foram realizadas. The municipal development depends on factors that affect the ability to generate jobs and income, to increase their revenue and undertake investments. This problem involves various social forces as the Government, entities that promote knowledge, entrepreneurs and the society. With the intent to modify the environment in which one lives and assist the municipality of Osório/RS to find alternatives to alleviate local problems, idealized implementation of a technological park in the city. The city lacks a providing guidance for the implementation of the technology park, in this way, for the implementation of this initiative, the goal of this dissertation is to propose a roadmap indicating what the guidelines required for the creation of a park technology for the city of Osório and the form of awareness of the triple helix and actors of society. The proposal includes a script for procedures that must be performed to enable implementation of the Park, inspired by the model of governance of the triple helix. The achievement of the goals was possible through documentary research with exploratory qualitative approach, which allowed the access and analysis of data; the action research, which promoted the interaction of actors involved; and had the direction of the steps to the creation of the script as a Design Science Research with suggestions from Experts. This movement could be recorded in a field Notebook. With the survey, it was possible to observe that the municipality presents a regular development motivated principally by lack of investment and that it needs to increase employment and income, which decreased due to the decrease in production capacity and the aging of the population. Although the deployment of structuring technology-oriented technology park, with governance along the lines of the triple helix, would assist in local development, according to the suggestions of Experts. Thus, the proposed roadmap for the creation of the technological park has already achieved success since several steps have already been made proposals.

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Wright, Nicole S. "Auditors' Use of Formal Advice from Internal Firm Subject Matter Experts: The Impact of Advice Quality and Advice Awareness on Auditors' Judgments." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/64446.

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During an audit, if an audit team does not have sufficient knowledge when auditing a complex issue they often call upon subject matter experts to provide advice. While these experts are the knowledge experts in their area, the quality of the advice depends upon their ability to fully understand and incorporate client specific facts. PCAOB inspection reports suggest that audit teams are neglecting to perform the required work to assess the quality of experts' recommendations. Additionally, the decision to use subject matter experts can be made during planning or when a complex issue surfaces during the audit. As such, auditors may or may not be a priori aware that an expert's use is planned before auditing a complex issue. In this dissertation, I examine how receiving advice of different levels of quality in terms of whether it incorporated all relevant client facts (lower or higher), and a priori awareness of the use of a subject matter expert (aware or unaware), can impact auditors' use of the advice and the resulting effort and judgment accuracy. I conducted a computerized experiment where professional auditors read a case study and made an initial judgment around a complex issue, received advice, and then made a final judgment. Based on advice-taking literature, I predict and find support that auditors who are a priori unaware of the use of a subject matter expert will employ lower effort in understanding the client facts and thus be less discerning and more accepting of the advice received. Being a priori unaware and receiving low quality advice can lead to lower judgment accuracy than receiving high quality advice with a priori unawareness. Auditors who are a priori aware are expected to, and found to employ greater effort, thus reducing the accuracy differences between receiving high and low quality advice. These findings can help improve the professions' understanding of auditors' advice taking behavior and the conditions under which expert advice is accepted without performing the required quality assessment. Ph. D.

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Nawawi, Abdul Hadi. "Knowledge elicitation methodology from multiple experts for rating valuation by the comparison method for commercial and industrial properties in Malaysia." Thesis, University of South Wales, 1998. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/knowledge-elicitation-methodology-from-multiple-experts-for-rating-valuation-by-the-comparison-method-for-commercial-and-industrial-properties-in-malaysia(c951d970-fa41-4012-8450-ab08934d969c).html.

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A methodology for eliciting knowledge from several experts in the valuation of commercial and industrial properties for rating purposes in Malaysia using the rental comparison method was investigated by empirical research. The methodology comprised a conceptual approach (experts and their functions), selection of knowledge sources and techniques of knowledge elicitation. The objective of the methodology was to make explicit enriched knowledge ultimately for the development of a comprehensive system. Knowledge was elicited from selected experts mainly by interviews and observation. Several core valuers acted as a panel to provide core domain knowledge. The knowledge was augmented by knowledge from complementary valuers: valuers from six local authorities; a private valuer and an academic to contribute local contextual, market and legal knowledge respectively. Supporting specialists provided building technology, spatial and macro-economic knowledge. Secondary sources of knowledge were provided by documented materials, supporting staff from the local authorities and objection hearings. The pooling of experts' market opinions using the Delphi technique was investigated. A simple regression analysis to find the weightings of the main attributes was also incorporated in the knowledge-base. The knowledge-base was analysed, represented and evaluated in a prototype. It has been empirically established that the methodology has led to the elicitation of enriched knowledge. It has been shown that it is possible to represent this knowledge in a prototype iteratively with other means of knowledge elicitation. Limitations regarding communications between the experts and the potential of computer facilitated collaborative work have been highlighted. Issues in the development of a comprehensive system have been discussed namely, the accommodation of meta knowledge between different local authority valuers and database interface with the knowledge base. The research represents a novel enquiry into a methodology for eliciting knowledge from multiple experts in the valuation domain, specifically in the area of commercial and industrial properties for rating purposes in Malaysia.

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Musa, Mohamed. "The impact of corporate governance mechanism : audit committee financial experts on firm value from the perspective of the financial reporting process : evidence from US, UK and Germany." Thesis, University of Hull, 2016. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:15202.

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This PhD thesis contains four main essays on financial health and firm value, with a focus on the term board structure – unitary and dual. With the exception of Chapter 1 and Chapter 6, which set out the general introduction and conclusion, each of the chapters can be considered as a standalone piece of work. In Chapter 2, we model and predict, using FTSE100 and Nasdaq100 sample data, the impact of audit committee financial experts on firm value. Model dimensions and parameters were conducted over a period of five years and allowed to change to four years, so as to ascertain lag effects. The proposed financial expert decision - making model (Throughput Model) allows us to estimate these influences. Hence, we find mixed results. Chapter 3 investigates ethical consideration influences on the role of United States, United Kingdom and German audit committees. Simultaneously, we empirically test whether financial experts may influence firm value in German Dax100 firms using the preference –based pathway. Our empirical results suggest that accounting experts exerts significant influence on firm value. Chapter 4 examines the impact of regulations on the performance of Nasdaq100 firms in the US. Our result suggest that the Sarbanes – Oxley Act has indeed changed the dynamics of business structure and improved monitoring. We find evidence of a positive significant influence of supervisory financial expert on financial health but accounting experts, negative.

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Kadasah, Nasser Saeed. "The foreign direct investment decision-making process : the influence of psychic distance : evidence from foreign investors and experts in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.490376.

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Like many other emerging economies, the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries', the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) in particular, and to a lesser extent Egypt and Jordan, have been reforming and developing their foreign direct investment (FDI) regulations to attract more investment. The GCC states witnessed a boom period during the 1970s and 1980s during which, however, there was no significant inflow of FDI into the region. Recently, the economy has been booming again in the GCC countries, due to the increase in oil prices coupled with the huge repatriation of cash from the USA and a number of European countries in the wake of the events of September 11. Accordingly, some reports claim that liquidity has reached its highest point ever in the GCC states. It has been reported that some of this money has been redirected to investments in neighbouring countries, including Egypt and Jordan. Concerns about the present situation are, firstly, that most of these liquid funds are invested in the stock market (see Chapter 4), which means that there is no significant added value from these investments; and secondly, that there is a limited inflow of FDI into the region.

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Hicks, Tyler Aaron. "What You Know Counts: Why We Should Elicit Prior Probabilities from Experts to Improve Quantitative Analysis with Qualitative Knowledge in Special Education Science." Scholar Commons, 2015. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5493.

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Qualitative knowledge is about types of things, and their excellences. There are many ways we humans produce qualitative knowledge about the world, and much of it is derived from non-quantitative sources (e.g., narratives, clinical experiences, intuitions). The purpose of my dissertation was to investigate the possibility of using Bayesian inferences to improve quantitative analysis in special education research with qualitative knowledge. It is impossible, however, to fully disentangle philosophy of inquiry, methodology, and methods. My evaluation of Bayesian estimators, thus, addresses each of these areas. Chapter Two offers a philosophical argument to substantiate the thesis that Bayesian inference is usually more applicable in education science than classical inference. I then moved on, in Chapter Three, to consider methodology. I used simulation procedures to show that even a minimum amount of qualitative information can suffice to improve Bayesian t-tests' frequency properties. Finally, in Chapter Four, I offered a practical demonstration of how Bayesian methods could be utilized in special education research to solve technical problems. In Chapter Five, I show how these three chapters, taken together, evidence that Bayesian analysis can promote a romantic science of special education - i.e., a non-positivistic science that invites teleological explanation. These explanations are often produced by researchers in the qualitative tradition, and Bayesian priors are formal mechanism for strengthening quantitative analysis with such qualitative bits of information. Researchers are also free to use their favorite qualitative methods to elicit such priors from experts.

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HOLMBERG, VIKTOR. "Determining expertise from indirect evidence : Expert search in an enterprise setting." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-142450.

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In large organizations, quickly finding the right expert is important. An expert finding system can help users with this by letting them search for experts matching expertise queries. Automatic expert finders, which are the focus of this report, accomplish this by analyzing indirect expertise evidence contained in documents, for instance those stored on an organization’s internal network. The goal of this report is to discover the best way to construct such a system, and analyze how its performance compares to that of a system based on manually supplied expertise information. To determine this, several expert finding algorithms were implemented, and evaluated on two different corpora. It was found that the best approach, both in terms of performance and ease of implementation, is to use documentbased algorithms, i.e algorithms that work by first searching for documents related to a query, and then analyzing the retrieved documents to find presumably relevant persons. Furthermore, the best of the implemented expert finders was compared to an existing manually curated system. The automated expert finder outperformed the manual one substantially in terms of recall, while maintaining high precision. It was concluded that automatic expert finders perform well enough to be useful in practice, and that the workload needed to implement such a system is small. As such, they can provide either a feasible alternative, or a valuable complement, to manual systems. I stora organisationer är det viktigt att snabbt kunna hitta rätt expert. Ett sätt att hjälpa användare med detta är expertsökarsystem, vilka låter användare söka efter personer matchande en given expertis. I fokus för denna rapport är automatiska expertsökarsystem, vilka bygger upp expertismodeller från indirekta källor, så som dokument lagrade på ett intranät. Vi undersöker hur ett sådant system bäst konstrueras, samt hur dess prestanda förhåller sig jämfört med ett system baserat på manuellt skapad expertisinformation. För att utröna detta implementerades ett antal olika expertsökare vars prestanda testades på två olika dataset. Det visade sig att s.k dokumentbaserade algoritmer fungerar bäst, både med hänsyn till kvalitén på sökresultaten och till mängden arbete som krävs för implementation av systemet. I en dokumentbaserad expertsökare används en klassisk dokumentsökmotor för att skapa en lista av dokument relevanta för en expertissökfrågan, varpå dessa dokument analyseras för att hitta potentiella experter. Den bästa av de implementerade expertsökarna jämfördes med ett existerande system baserat på manuellt ifylld expertisinformation. Det visade sig att det automatiska systemet kunde lokalisera en betydligt större andel av de faktiska experterna än det manuella systemet, med bibehållen hög precision. Vi drar slutsatsen att automatiska expertsökarsystem fungerar bra i praktiken, samtidigt som arbetsbördan för implementationen av ett sådant system är liten. Således kan de fungera antingen som ett värdefullt komplement eller som ett realistiskt alternativ till manuella system.

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Mushtaq, Wafaa. "Cybersecurity in the Technology Subject from the Swedish Perspective : Investigation, Analysis, and Evaluation Tool." Thesis, KTH, Lärande, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-283112.

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This thesis contains pioneer work in Sweden which contributes to the research on cybersecurity teaching within the Technology subject as formulated in the course and subject governing documents.The work goes in line with a bigger strategy of the Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency (MSB) and the European Union (EU). A discourse analysis was performed on the interviews with four Swedish expertsfrom MSB, Internetstiftelsen, and #290CyberSecurity respectively where the interview questions were formulated around three axes; the first axis was the cybersecurity content and knowledge aimed at young individuals, the second axis was the experts’ views on teaching cybersecurity starting from lower secondary schools, and the third axis was regarding platforms or tools that could be used in cybersecurity teaching and what the experts’ perceptions on them are. The analysis resulted in six different codes and formulated the views of the experts. Content analysis was also performed on information from the experts’ organizations which were 14 security documents and reports in total that resulted in a content frame of ten cybersecurity areas. All the ten areas were found to be related to the keywords that appear in the governing documents of the Technology subjects in the course syllabus for grades 7-9 and the subject syllabus for Technology 1. Current cyber attacks and risks threatening young students were further analyzed under each area to narrow down the content frame tailoring it to young students. A new online evaluation tool was then developed to assess the cybersecurity sensibility of the young students. The formulation of the questions was inspired by the SANS cybersecurity awareness survey as well as based on both, the ten cybersecurity areas that are categorized in this thesis and the different scenarios of risks and cybersecurity attacks threatening young students. Domain SamplingTheory (DST) and scenario-based questions were considered to make the tool more fitting for the young and minimize the errors. The tool tested a random group of 250 students from 12 municipalities where110 were in the sixth grade and 140 in the ninth. The tool showed that despite students spending most of their time online using different devices and applications, they are not secure enough which puts them at risk. Moreover, most of the students were interested in getting cybersecurity education and very few received it in schools even though the cybersecurity requirements are stated in the governing documents of the Technology subject. Detta examensarbete innehåller banbrytande arbete i Sverige vilket bidrar till forskningen om cybersäkerhetsundervisning inom teknikämnet i svenska skolor. Arbetet går i linje med en större strategi från Myndigheten för samhällsskydd och beredskap (MSB) och Europeiska unionen (EU). En diskursanalys utfördes på intervjuerna med fyra svenska experter från MSB, Internetstiftelsen och #290CyberSecurity där intervjufrågorna formulerades runt tre axlar; den första axeln var cybersäkerhetsinnehållet som är riktad mot unga individer, den andra axeln var experternas syn på undervisning i cybersäkerhet som börjar från grundskolorna, och den tredje axeln gällde de plattformar eller verktyg som kunde användas i cybersäkerhetundervisning samt vad experternas uppfattning om dem är. Analysen av intervjuer resulterade i sex olika koder vilket speglar experters åsikter. Innehållsanalys utfördes också på information från experternas organisationer. Det var totalt 14 säkerhetsdokument och rapporter som resulterade i en innehållsram med tio cybersäkerhetsområden. Alla de tio områdena är relaterade till nyckelorden som finns i styrdokumenten för teknikämnena i kursplanen för årskurs 7-9 och ämnesplanen för Teknik 1. Aktuella cyberattacker och risker som hotar unga elever analyserades vidare under varje område för att begränsa innehållsramen och anpassa den för unga elever. Ett nytt online utvärderingsverktyg utvecklades sedan för att bedöma cybersäkerhetsrespons och attityd hos de unga eleverna. Formuleringen av frågorna inspirerades av SANS cybersäkerhetsmedvetenhetsundersökning och var baserad på de tio cybersäkerhetsområdena som kategoriseras i detta examensarbete samt de olika scenarierna för risker och cybersäkerhetsattacker som hotar unga elever. Domain Sampling Theory (DST) och scenariobaserade frågor ansågs göra verktyget mer passande för de unga och minimera felen. Verktyget testade en slumpmässig grupp på 250 elever från 12 kommuner där 110 gick i 6:an och 140 i 9:an. Verktyget visade att trots att elever tillbringar större delen av sin tid online med olika enheter och applikationer är de inte tillräckligt säkra, vilket utgör en risk för dem. Dessutom var majoriteten av eleverna intresserade av att få utbildning i cybersäkerhet och väldigt få fick det i skolorna trots att det står i styrdokumenten för teknikämnet.

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22

Gyawali, Bikash. "Surface Realisation from Knowledge Bases." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0004.

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La Génération Automatique de Langue Naturelle vise à produire des textes dans une langue humaine à partir d'un ensemble de données non-linguistiques. Elle comprend généralement trois sous-tâches principales: (i) sélection et organisation d'un sous-ensemble des données d'entrée; ii) détermination des mots à utiliser pour verbaliser les données d'entrée; et (iii) regroupement de ces mots en un texte en langue naturelle. La dernière sous-tâche est connue comme la tâche de Réalisation de Surface (RS). Dans ma thèse, j'étudie la tâche de RS quand les données d'entrée sont extraites de Bases de Connaissances (BC). Je présente deux nouvelles approches pour la réalisation de surface à partir de bases de connaissances: une approche supervisée et une approche faiblement supervisée. Dans l'approche supervisée, je présente une méthode basée sur des corpus pour induire une grammaire à partir d'un corpus parallèle de textes et de données. Je montre que la grammaire induite est compacte et suffisamment générale pour traiter les données de test. Dans l'approche faiblement supervisée, j'explore une méthode pour la réalisation de surface à partir de données extraites d'une BC qui ne requière pas de corpus parallèle. À la place, je construis un corpus de textes liés au domaine et l'utilise pour identifier les lexicalisations possibles des symboles de la BC et leurs modes de verbalisation. J'évalue les phrases générées et analyse les questions relatives à l'apprentissage à partir de corpus non-alignés. Dans chacune de ces approches, les méthodes proposées sont génériques et peuvent être facilement adaptées pour une entrée à partir d'autres ontologies Natural Language Generation is the task of automatically producing natural language text to describe information present in non-linguistic data. It involves three main subtasks: (i) selecting the relevant portion of input data; (ii) determining the words that will be used to verbalise the selected data; and (iii) mapping these words into natural language text. The latter task is known as Surface Realisation (SR). In my thesis, I study the SR task in the context of input data coming from Knowledge Bases (KB). I present two novel approaches to surface realisation from knowledge bases: a supervised approach and a weakly supervised approach. In the first, supervised, approach, I present a corpus-based method for inducing a Feature Based Lexicalized Tree Adjoining Grammar from a parallel corpus of text and data. I show that the induced grammar is compact and generalises well over the test data yielding results that are close to those produced by a handcrafted symbolic approach and which outperform an alternative statistical approach. In the weakly supervised approach, I explore a method for surface realisation from KB data which does not require a parallel corpus. Instead, I build a corpus from heterogeneous sources of domain-related text and use it to identify possible lexicalisations of KB symbols and their verbalisation patterns. I evaluate the output sentences and analyse the issues relevant to learning from non-parallel corpora. In both these approaches, the proposed methods are generic and can be easily adapted for input from other ontologies for which a parallel/non-parallel corpora exists

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Diaz, de Leon Lopez Enrique. "Toward an expert assessment of intangibles in technology-based new ventures." Phd thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/611.

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Gyawali, Bikash. "Surface Realisation from Knowledge Bases." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0004/document.

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La Génération Automatique de Langue Naturelle vise à produire des textes dans une langue humaine à partir d'un ensemble de données non-linguistiques. Elle comprend généralement trois sous-tâches principales: (i) sélection et organisation d'un sous-ensemble des données d'entrée; ii) détermination des mots à utiliser pour verbaliser les données d'entrée; et (iii) regroupement de ces mots en un texte en langue naturelle. La dernière sous-tâche est connue comme la tâche de Réalisation de Surface (RS). Dans ma thèse, j'étudie la tâche de RS quand les données d'entrée sont extraites de Bases de Connaissances (BC). Je présente deux nouvelles approches pour la réalisation de surface à partir de bases de connaissances: une approche supervisée et une approche faiblement supervisée. Dans l'approche supervisée, je présente une méthode basée sur des corpus pour induire une grammaire à partir d'un corpus parallèle de textes et de données. Je montre que la grammaire induite est compacte et suffisamment générale pour traiter les données de test. Dans l'approche faiblement supervisée, j'explore une méthode pour la réalisation de surface à partir de données extraites d'une BC qui ne requière pas de corpus parallèle. À la place, je construis un corpus de textes liés au domaine et l'utilise pour identifier les lexicalisations possibles des symboles de la BC et leurs modes de verbalisation. J'évalue les phrases générées et analyse les questions relatives à l'apprentissage à partir de corpus non-alignés. Dans chacune de ces approches, les méthodes proposées sont génériques et peuvent être facilement adaptées pour une entrée à partir d'autres ontologies Natural Language Generation is the task of automatically producing natural language text to describe information present in non-linguistic data. It involves three main subtasks: (i) selecting the relevant portion of input data; (ii) determining the words that will be used to verbalise the selected data; and (iii) mapping these words into natural language text. The latter task is known as Surface Realisation (SR). In my thesis, I study the SR task in the context of input data coming from Knowledge Bases (KB). I present two novel approaches to surface realisation from knowledge bases: a supervised approach and a weakly supervised approach. In the first, supervised, approach, I present a corpus-based method for inducing a Feature Based Lexicalized Tree Adjoining Grammar from a parallel corpus of text and data. I show that the induced grammar is compact and generalises well over the test data yielding results that are close to those produced by a handcrafted symbolic approach and which outperform an alternative statistical approach. In the weakly supervised approach, I explore a method for surface realisation from KB data which does not require a parallel corpus. Instead, I build a corpus from heterogeneous sources of domain-related text and use it to identify possible lexicalisations of KB symbols and their verbalisation patterns. I evaluate the output sentences and analyse the issues relevant to learning from non-parallel corpora. In both these approaches, the proposed methods are generic and can be easily adapted for input from other ontologies for which a parallel/non-parallel corpora exists

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Finch, Ian. "Intelligent explanation from expert systems." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316575.

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Herman, Tess P. "Investigating Potential Strategies Used by Climate Change Contrarians to Gain Legitimacy in Two Prominent U.S. and Two Prominent U.K. Newspapers from 1988 to 2006." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1617893211661352.

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Labský, Martin. "Information Extraction from Websites using Extraction Ontologies." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2002. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-77102.

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Automatic information extraction (IE) from various types of text became very popular during the last decade. Owing to information overload, there are many practical applications that can utilize semantically labelled data extracted from textual sources like the Internet, emails, intranet documents and even conventional sources like newspaper and magazines. Applications of IE exist in many areas of computer science: information retrieval systems, question answering or website quality assessment. This work focuses on developing IE methods and tools that are particularly suited to extraction from semi-structured documents such as web pages and to situations where available training data is limited. The main contribution of this thesis is the proposed approach of extended extraction ontologies. It attempts to combine extraction evidence from three distinct sources: (1) manually specified extraction knowledge, (2) existing training data and (3) formatting regularities that are often present in online documents. The underlying hypothesis is that using extraction evidence of all three types by the extraction algorithm can help improve its extraction accuracy and robustness. The motivation for this work has been the lack of described methods and tools that would exploit these extraction evidence types at the same time. This thesis first describes a statistically trained approach to IE based on Hidden Markov Models which integrates with a picture classification algorithm in order to extract product offers from the Internet, including textual items as well as images. This approach is evaluated using a bicycle sale domain. Several methods of image classification using various feature sets are described and evaluated as well. These trained approaches are then integrated in the proposed novel approach of extended extraction ontologies, which builds on top of the work of Embley [21] by exploiting manual, trained and formatting types of extraction evidence at the same time. The intended benefit of using extraction ontologies is a quick development of a functional IE prototype, its smooth transition to deployed IE application and the possibility to leverage the use of each of the three extraction evidence types. Also, since extraction ontologies are typically developed by adapting suitable domain ontologies and the ontology remains in center of the extraction process, the work related to the conversion of extracted results back to a domain ontology or schema is minimized. The described approach is evaluated using several distinct real-world datasets.

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Chinaei, Hamid Reza. "Learning Dialogue POMDP Model Components from Expert Dialogues." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29690/29690.pdf.

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Un système de dialogue conversationnel doit aider les utilisateurs humains à atteindre leurs objectifs à travers des dialogues naturels et efficients. C'est une tache toutefois difficile car les langages naturels sont ambiguës et incertains, de plus le système de reconnaissance vocale (ASR) est bruité. À cela s'ajoute le fait que l'utilisateur humain peut changer son intention lors de l'interaction avec la machine. Dans ce contexte, l'application des processus décisionnels de Markov partiellement observables (POMDPs) au système de dialogue conversationnel nous a permis d'avoir un cadre formel pour représenter explicitement les incertitudes, et automatiser la politique d'optimisation. L'estimation des composantes du modelé d'un POMDP-dialogue constitue donc un défi important, car une telle estimation a un impact direct sur la politique d'optimisation du POMDP-dialogue. Cette thèse propose des méthodes d'apprentissage des composantes d'un POMDPdialogue basées sur des dialogues bruités et sans annotation. Pour cela, nous présentons des méthodes pour apprendre les intentions possibles des utilisateurs à partir des dialogues, en vue de les utiliser comme états du POMDP-dialogue, et l'apprendre un modèle du maximum de vraisemblance à partir des données, pour transition du POMDP. Car c'est crucial de réduire la taille d'état d'observation, nous proposons également deux modèles d'observation: le modelé mot-clé et le modelé intention. Dans les deux modèles, le nombre d'observations est réduit significativement tandis que le rendement reste élevé, particulièrement dans le modele d'observation intention. En plus de ces composantes du modèle, les POMDPs exigent également une fonction de récompense. Donc, nous proposons de nouveaux algorithmes pour l'apprentissage du modele de récompenses, un apprentissage qui est basé sur le renforcement inverse (IRL). En particulier, nous proposons POMDP-IRL-BT qui fonctionne sur les états de croyance disponibles dans les dialogues du corpus. L'algorithme apprend le modele de récompense par l'estimation du modele de transition de croyance, semblable aux modèles de transition des états dans un MDP (processus décisionnel de Markov). Finalement, nous appliquons les méthodes proposées à un domaine de la santé en vue d'apprendre un POMDP-dialogue et ce essentiellement à partir de dialogues réels, bruités, et sans annotations. Spoken dialogue systems should realize the user intentions and maintain a natural and efficient dialogue with users. This is however a difficult task as spoken language is naturally ambiguous and uncertain, and further the automatic speech recognition (ASR) output is noisy. In addition, the human user may change his intention during the interaction with the machine. To tackle this difficult task, the partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) framework has been applied in dialogue systems as a formal framework to represent uncertainty explicitly while supporting automated policy solving. In this context, estimating the dialogue POMDP model components is a signifficant challenge as they have a direct impact on the optimized dialogue POMDP policy. This thesis proposes methods for learning dialogue POMDP model components using noisy and unannotated dialogues. Speciffically, we introduce techniques to learn the set of possible user intentions from dialogues, use them as the dialogue POMDP states, and learn a maximum likelihood POMDP transition model from data. Since it is crucial to reduce the observation state size, we then propose two observation models: the keyword model and the intention model. Using these two models, the number of observations is reduced signifficantly while the POMDP performance remains high particularly in the intention POMDP. In addition to these model components, POMDPs also require a reward function. So, we propose new algorithms for learning the POMDP reward model from dialogues based on inverse reinforcement learning (IRL). In particular, we propose the POMDP-IRL-BT algorithm (BT for belief transition) that works on the belief states available in the dialogues. This algorithm learns the reward model by estimating a belief transition model, similar to MDP (Markov decision process) transition models. Ultimately, we apply the proposed methods on a healthcare domain and learn a dialogue POMDP essentially from real unannotated and noisy dialogues.

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Sim, Yee Wai. "Capturing organisational knowledge from documentation for expert finding." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2004. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/260004/.

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Nuño, Gómez Laura 1967. "Validation of the ICF Core Sets for schizophrenia from the expert perspective. Validació dels Conjunts Bàsics de la CIF per a l’esquizofrènia des de la perspectiva experta." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670042.

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Schizophrenia has long been considered a chronic mental illness predestined to irreversible progressive deterioration. However, in recent decades scientific evidence has shown that recovery in people with schizophrenia is possible and should therefore be a priority in their treatment. In that sense, the recovery model has gained strength and transformed the view of mental illness. This approach moves the therapeutic goal from symptomatic remission to the recovery of satisfactory and proper functioning. In view of this, an integrated and interdisciplinary care system is needed where professionals from different fields who treat people diagnosed with the condition work together to address not only their symptoms, but also the difficulties they present in their daily functioning, their personal characteristics and the environmental factors that affect them. This change in the therapeutic approach highlights the need for a tool that can assess the full spectrum of difficulties in functioning that a person may have and all the contextual variables involved and that facilitates the coordination and joint work between all the professions involved in the recovery process. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) covers all these requirements. Since it has more than 1400 categories, ICF Core Sets (ICF-CSs) linked to certain health states have been developed. The ICF-CSs consist of a list of the most relevant ICF categories for the description of the functioning and disability of people living with a given health condition. In the case of schizophrenia, two versions of ICF-CSs have been developed: the brief and the comprehensive. In order to apply the ICF-CSs in clinical practice, they must be validated through different sources of evidence. In this context, the present thesis aims to evaluate the content validity of the ICF-CSs for schizophrenia from the perspective of experts in the treatment of this population, as well as to identify the potential repercussions of this health condition in the functioning of people diagnosed with this disorder. To achieve this, six three-round Delphi studies were conducted with expert panels from different professional backgrounds which have shown a significant role in the treatment of people with schizophrenia (i.e., psychiatry, psychology, nursing, occupational therapy, social work and physiotherapy). Each of these studies identifies functioning difficulties from the perspective of one of these professional areas and analyzes whether the identified aspects are represented in the ICF-CSs for schizophrenia. Once the results of the six Delphi studies were obtained, all the data were integrated to conclude the expert perspective and to evaluate the content validity of the ICF-CSs globally. In total, 790 experts (352 psychiatrists, 175 psychologists, 101 nurses, 92 occupational therapists, 57 social workers and 13 physiotherapists) from 85 different countries covering the 6 demographic WHO regions (i.e., Africa, Americas, South-east Asia, Europe, Eastern Mediterranean and Western Pacific) participated in the first round of the different Delphi studies. Globally, 113 ICF categories and 31 Personal factors reached consensus (75% or more of the experts of a profession considered them relevant) by at least one professional perspective. Of these, 90 ICF categories and 28 personal factors reached expert consensus (they reached consensus from four or more professional perspectives). One hundred percent of the categories in the brief version of the ICF-CS for schizophrenia reached consensus from all professional perspectives considered. Regarding the comprehensive version, 89.7% of its categories (87 categories) reached expert consensus. Overall, the present thesis provides important support for the worldwide content validity of the ICF-CSs for schizophrenia from the expert perspective. The results highlight the relevance, in the evaluation and treatment of people with schizophrenia, of assessing functioning by considering the body functions, participation in activities, environmental aspects and personal factors that experts have identified. All this suggests that the ICF and these ICF-CSs provide an effective framework from which to evaluate and describe functioning in people with schizophrenia and therefore may be a useful tool in the comprehensive treatment of this population. L’esquizofrènia ha estat considerada al llarg de la història com una malaltia mental crònica predestinada a un deteriorament progressiu irreversible. En les últimes dècades, però, l’evidència científica ha demostrat que la recuperació en les persones amb esquizofrènia és possible i ha de ser, per tant, un objectiu prioritari en el seu tractament. En aquest sentit, el model de la recuperació ha pres força i ha transformat la visió de la malaltia psiquiàtrica. Aquest enfocament mou l’objectiu terapèutic de la remissió simptomàtica a la recuperació d’un funcionament satisfactori i adequat. Davant d’això, es fa necessari un sistema d'atenció integral e interdisciplinari on els professionals dels diferents àmbits que tracten a la persona diagnosticada treballin conjuntament per abordar no només els seus símptomes, sinó també les dificultats que presenta en el seu funcionament diari, les seves característiques personals i els factors ambientals que l’afecten. Aquest canvi en l’abordatge terapèutic fa evident la necessitat de disposar d’una eina que permeti valorar tot l’espectre de dificultats en el funcionament que pot presentar una persona, totes les variables contextuals implicades i que faciliti la coordinació i treball conjunt entre totes les professions partícips del procés de recuperació. A tots aquests requeriments s’ajusta la Classificació Internacional del Funcionament, de la Discapacitat i de la Salut (CIF). Atès que aquesta consta de més de 1400 categories, s'han desenvolupat els Conjunts Bàsics de la CIF (CB- CIF) vinculats a determinats estats de salut. Els CB-CIF consisteixen en una llista de les categories més rellevants de la CIF per a la descripció del funcionament i la discapacitat de les persones que viuen amb una condició de salut determinada. En el cas de l’esquizofrènia, s’han desenvolupat dues versions de CB-CIF: l’abreujada i la completa. Per tal que els CB-CIF puguin ser aplicats a la pràctica clínica, cal que siguin validats a través de diferents fonts d'evidència. En aquest context, la present tesi pretén dur a terme la validació de contingut dels CB-CIF per a l’esquizofrènia des de la perspectiva del col·lectiu expert en el tractament d’aquesta població, així com identificar les repercussions potencials d’aquesta condició de salut en el funcionament de les persones diagnosticades d’aquest trastorn. Per assolir aquest objectiu es van dur a terme sis estudis Delphi de 3 rondes a grups d’experts de diferents àmbits professionals que han demostrat tenir un paper rellevant en el tractament de persones amb esquizofrènia (i.e., psiquiatria, psicologia, infermeria, teràpia ocupacional, treball social i fisioteràpia). Cada un d’aquests estudis identifica les dificultats en el funcionament des de la perspectiva d'una d’aquestes àrees professionals i analitza si els aspectes identificats estan representats als CB-CIF per a l’esquizofrènia. Un cop obtinguts els resultats dels sis estudis Delphi, es va realitzar la integració de totes les dades per concloure la perspectiva del col·lectiu expert i avaluar globalment la validesa de contingut dels CB-CIF. En total, 790 experts (352 psiquiatres, 175 psicòlegs i psicòlogues, 101 infermers i infermeres, 92 terapeutes ocupacionals, 57 treballadors i treballadores socials i 13 fisioterapeutes) provinents de 85 països diferents i que abastaven les 6 regions demogràfiques de la OMS (i.e., Àfrica, Amèriques, Àsia Sud-oriental, Europa, Mediterrani Oriental i Pacífic Occidental) van participar en la primera ronda dels diferents estudis Delphi realitzats. Es van identificar 113 categories de la CIF i 31 Factors personals que van arribar a consens (el 75% o més dels experts d’una professió la va considerar rellevant) per part d’almenys una perspectiva professional. D’aquestes, 90 categories de la CIF i 28 Factors personals van arribar a consens expert (van arribar a consens des de 4 perspectives professionals o més). El 100% de les categories de la versió abreujada del CB-CIF per a l’esquizofrènia van arribar a consens des de totes les perspectives professionals considerades. Considerant la versió completa, el 89,7% de les seves categories (87 categories) van arribar a consens expert. En conjunt, la present tesi proporciona un suport important a la validesa de contingut a nivell mundial dels CB-CIF per a l’esquizofrènia des de la perspectiva experta. Els resultats destaquen la rellevància, en l’avaluació i tractament de les persones amb esquizofrènia, de valorar el funcionament considerant les funcions corporals, la participació en activitats, els aspectes ambientals i els factors personals que els experts han identificat. Tot això suggereix que la CIF i aquests CB-CIF proporcionen un marc efectiu des del qual valorar i descriure el funcionament en persones amb esquizofrènia i poden ser una eina útil en el tractament integral d’aquesta població.

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Warr, Christine. "From industrial expert to vocational tutor : stories of transition." Thesis, University of Lincoln, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.633458.

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Godfrey, Thomas James. "Extraction and representation of encyclopedic knowledge from a dictionary." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10062009-020322/.

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Sheik, Meeran A. "Automated feature recognition from 2D CAD models." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.281227.

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Potts, Barbara. "From Novice to Expert: The Professional Development of School Counselors." NCSU, 2003. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-03262003-075703/.

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The purpose of the study was to examine the tasks undertaken at different stages of professional development by school counselors and their perceived importance of those tasks. In the quantitative study, data from a survey conducted online by the National Board for Certified Counselors was analyzed to determine the frequency and importance of behaviors reported by counselors at four levels of school counseling experience and at three work level settings. Differences were found between the school counselors at each of the levels of experience and in each setting. In the qualitative study, two focus groups of school counselors, one elementary and one middle and high school, discussed what they do in their jobs. The discussion content was analyzed for themes, and differences were seen by work level setting and by experience level.

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Ewing, Gabriel. "Knowledge Transfer from Expert Demonstrations in Continuous State-Action Spaces." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1512748071082221.

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Cendrowska, Jadzia. "Knowledge aquisition for expert systems : inducing modular rules from examples." Thesis, Open University, 1989. http://oro.open.ac.uk/57272/.

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Knowledge acquisition for expert systems is notoriously difficult, often demanding an enormous effort on the part of the domain expert, who is essentially expected to spell out everything he knows about the domain. The task is non-trivial and can be time-consuming and tedious. Machine learning research, particularly into automatic rule induction from examples, may provide a way of easing this burden. Arguably, the most popular and successful rule induction algorithm in general use today is Quinlan's ID3. ID3 induces rules in the form of decision trees. However, the research reported in this thesis identifies some major limitations of a decision tree representation. Decision trees can be incomprehensible, but more importantly, there are rules which cannot be represented by trees. Ideally, induced rules should be modular and should capture the essence of causality, avoiding irrelevance and redundancy. The information theoretic approach employed in ID3 is examined in detail and some of its weaknesses identified. A new algorithm is developed which, by avoiding these weaknesses, induces rules which are modular rather than decision trees. This algorithm forms the basis of a new rule induction program, PRISM. Given an ideal training set, PRISM induces a complete and correct set of maximally general rules. The program and its results are described using training sets from two domains, contact lens fitting and a chess endgame. Induction from incomplete training sets is discussed and the performance of PRISM is compared with that of ID3 with particular reference to predictive power. A series of experiments is described, in which PRISM and ID3 were applied to training sets of different sizes and predictive power calculated. The results show that PRISM generally performs better than ID3 in these two domains, inducing fewer, more general rules, which classify a similar number of instances correctly and significantly fewer incorrectly.

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King, Brent. "Automatic extraction of knowledge from design data." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307964.

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Mitchell, Ann Elizabeth. "Neonatal resuscitation from novice to expert, developing a performance assessment instrument." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq20675.pdf.

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Scholz, Lisa Marie. "A Phenomenological Inquiry of Transition from Clinical Expert to Academic Novice." Case Western Reserve University Doctor of Nursing Practice / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=casednp1619892432083884.

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GIFFORD, JESSICA MAY. "LEARNING BY INTERACTION WITH PEERS: FROM NAVIETY TO EXPERTISE." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/190453.

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Fooladvandi, Farzad. "Signature-based activity detection based on Bayesian networks acquired from expert knowledge." Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Humanities and Informatics, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-1123.

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The maritime industry is experiencing one of its longest and fastest periods of growth. Hence, the global maritime surveillance capacity is in a great need of growth as well. The detection of vessel activity is an important objective of the civil security domain. Detecting vessel activity may become problematic if audit data is uncertain. This thesis aims to investigate if Bayesian networks acquired from expert knowledge can detect activities with a signature-based detection approach. For this, a maritime pilot-boat scenario has been identified with a domain expert. Each of the scenario’s activities has been divided up into signatures where each signature relates to a specific Bayesian network information node. The signatures were implemented to find evidences for the Bayesian network information nodes. AIS-data with real world observations have been used for testing, which have shown that it is possible to detect the maritime pilot-boat scenario based on the taken approach.

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Colgan, Anne Teresa. "From novice to expert : the development of knowledge organisation in student nurses." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323684.

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Lee, Gary Edward Jen-Yu. "Can a classification of family therapy be developed from expert consensus opinion." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2012. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/2940/.

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Systematic reviews have shown that family therapy is effective for a range of disorders (Carr, 2009a,b). However, there are many forms of family therapy and it is unclear which specific forms work best for which conditions. One problem is that reviewers have used inconsistent definitions of the field to guide the selection and exclusion of studies from reports. Furthermore, there seems to be little agreement about how to classify family therapies for comparison, leading to difficulties in establishing a clear evidence-base. The current thesis aimed to address these problems by using a Delphi survey (Linstone & Turoff, 1975), to see whether a panel of senior family therapists could agree on a definition and classification of family therapy by consensus opinion. Twenty-seven international experts on family therapy were initially recruited to complete three, iterative rounds of Delphi questionnaires. The process resulted in a consensus profile of essential, unique and proscribed elements of family therapy. There was agreement that family therapy should incorporate a set of essential (systemic) theories, practices and aspects of therapists’ training. However, there was little consensus over the specific types of practices that should be excluded and only a few unique elements of family therapy were agreed. Two classifications of the field were agreed as useful based on 1) mechanisms of change and 2) the focus of therapy (specific disorders versus relationships). Overall, results suggest that it is possible to employ consensus-building techniques to inform a contemporary definition and classification of family therapy. The use of consensus definitions may produce more informative reviews that contribute to the evidence-base. Future work would need to address how some of the broad concepts, identified by the experts panel, could be operationalised for this purpose.

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Murphy, Brid. "From novice to expert : a phenomenographic study of chartered accountants in Ireland." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2014. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/20104/.

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The ability of accountants to appropriately perform in practice is linked to over-arching professional competence. Continuing Professional Development (CPD) is the current 'solution' within the accounting profession with reference to post-qualification maintenance and development of professional competence. However, there is a lack of evidence in the literature to demonstrate how CPD supports accounting practitioners as they seek to maintain and further develop their professional competence. The objective of this thesis is to examine this 'gap'. The thesis explores how practitioners perceive competence in the context of their professional status and how, through engagement with CPD, they maintain and develop their professional competence. This study is situated within the largest professional accounting body operating in Ireland, Chartered Accountants Ireland (CAI). Interviews were conducted with members of CAI and a phenomenographic approach was used to examine participants' perceptions and practices with regard to professional competence and continuing engagement with professional development. Variations were evident with regard to participants' perceptions of professional status and professional competence. Variations also emerged in relation to participants' experiences of maintaining and developing professional competence. These variations pertain to distinct practitioner lifeworlds; comprising practice versus non-practice, gender and experiential stages. The 'essence' of the professional competence phenomenon highlighted that practitioners experience a series of developmental 'blocks', at varying experiential stages. These experiential stages are novice, competent, proficient and expert. There are varying foci at each experiential stage. There are also varying perceptions of professional competence at each stage: professional competence comprises personal (innate), knowledge ('know that') and social ('know how') competences but there is strong differentiation within each of these categories at each distinct experiential stage, with a focus on knowledge competence at novice stage and an emphasis on social competence at expert stage. Lifelong learning elements accompany each developmental 'block'. The maintenance and development of professional competence is thus akin to a progressive, unceasing, process which encapsulates lifelong learning. Furthermore, it is apparent that no one particular mode of learning is sufficient i.e. as practitioners gain more experience and develop more expertise, their modes of learning change. At early experiential stages, the focus is on formal learning, 'amassing' large volumes of prescriptive technical knowledge and techniques, with little acknowledgement of actual role experiences. As practitioners progress, the value of experience is acknowledged and there is a growing autonomy with regard to what and how competences are learned and developed. There is also increasing reliance on learning through engagement with others. At more advanced experiential stages, learning largely results from experiences and is more holistic and intuitive. The study extends the application of phenomenographic research to the accounting practitioner domain. It also adds to existing literature by providing a detailed account of the work of accounting practitioners and of their perceptions and practices with regard to professional competence and professional development. The study thus provides a backdrop of developmental experiences and a means of facilitating CAI to affect a more 'rounded' and practical developmental approach for its member practitioners.

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Moharreri, Kayhan. "Augmenting Collective Expert Networks to Improve Service Level Compliance." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1500649086849134.

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Barbaro, Billy. "Tuning Hyperparameters for Online Learning." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1522419008006144.

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Ross, Anne. "Categorization, conceptual conjunction and expertise : a case study from chemistry." Thesis, Open University, 1990. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293161.

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Janicki, James H. "Retrieval from an image knowledge base /." Online version of thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/12196.

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Whetzel, Jonathan Hunt. "Developing intelligent agents for training systems that learn their strategies from expert players." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2662.

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Computer-based training systems have become a mainstay in military and private institutions for training people how to perform certain complex tasks. As these tasks expand in difficulty, intelligent agents will appear as virtual teammates or tutors assisting a trainee in performing and learning the task. For developing these agents, we must obtain the strategies from expert players and emulate their behavior within the agent. Past researchers have shown the challenges in acquiring this information from expert human players and translating it into the agent. A solution for this problem involves using computer systems that assist in the human expert knowledge elicitation process. In this thesis, we present an approach for developing an agent for the game Revised Space Fortress, a game representative of the complex tasks found in training systems. Using machine learning techniques, the agent learns the strategy for the game by observing how a human expert plays. We highlight the challenges encountered while designing and training the agent in this real-time game environment, and our solutions toward handling these problems. Afterward, we discuss our experiment that examines whether trainees experience a difference in performance when training with a human or virtual partner, and how expert agents that express distinctive behaviors affect the learning of a human trainee. We show from our results that a partner agent that learns its strategy from an expert player serves the same benefit as a training partner compared to a programmed expert-level agent and a human partner of equal intelligence to the trainee.

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Fielden, Kathryn Lesley. "From Novice to Expert Therapist : The Role of Clinical Supervision in the Transition." Thesis, Roehampton University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.515309.

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