Relevant bibliographies by topics / From packing

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'From packing'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 28 May 2022
Last updated: 29 May 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "From packing"

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Specht, Eckard. "A precise algorithm to detect voids in polydisperse circle packings." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 471, no. 2182 (2015): 20150421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2015.0421.

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Computer simulations are the primary tool for studying polydisperse particle packings quanti- tatively. For the problem of packing N unequal circles in a larger container circle, nothing is known a priori about the optimal packing (i.e. the packing with the highest packing fraction). Simulations usually start from a random initial configuration with the aim to finish with a dense final packing. Unfortunately, smaller circles often get stuck in trapped positions and prevent the rest of the packing from growing larger. Hence, the knowledge of the structure of unoccupied areas or holes inside a packing is important to be able to move trapped circles into free circular places or voids . A novel algorithm is proposed for detecting such voids in two-dimensional arbitrary circle packings by a decomposition of the contact graph. Combined with a clever object jumping strategy and together with other heuristic methods like swaps and shifts, this approach increases the packing fraction ϕ significantly. Its effectiveness for jumping across the maximally random jammed barrier ( ϕ MRJ ≈0.8575 in the large- N limit) for small benchmark instances as well as for large problem sizes (up to N ≈10 3 ) is demonstrated.
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Arias, Jeanine Concepcion H., and Manuel Joseph C. Loquias. "Similarity isometries of point packings." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 76, no. 6 (2020): 677–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273320011547.

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A linear isometry R of {\bb R}^{d} is called a similarity isometry of a lattice \Gamma\subseteq{\bb R}^{d} if there exists a positive real number β such that βRΓ is a sublattice of (finite index in) Γ. The set βRΓ is referred to as a similar sublattice of Γ. A (crystallographic) point packing generated by a lattice Γ is a union of Γ with finitely many shifted copies of Γ. In this study, the notion of similarity isometries is extended to point packings. A characterization for the similarity isometries of point packings is provided and the corresponding similar subpackings are identified. Planar examples are discussed, namely the 1 × 2 rectangular lattice and the hexagonal packing (or honeycomb lattice). Finally, similarity isometries of point packings about points different from the origin are considered by studying similarity isometries of shifted point packings. In particular, similarity isometries of a certain shifted hexagonal packing are computed and compared with those of the hexagonal packing.
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Khirevich, Siarhei, Alexandra Höltzel, and Ulrich Tallarek. "Validation of Pore-Scale Simulations of Hydrodynamic Dispersion in Random Sphere Packings." Communications in Computational Physics 13, no. 3 (2013): 801–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4208/cicp.361011.260112s.

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AbstractWe employ the lattice Boltzmann method and random walk particle tracking to simulate the time evolution of hydrodynamic dispersion in bulk, random, monodisperse, hard-sphere packings with bed porosities (interparticle void volume fractions) between the random-close and the random-loose packing limit. Using Jodrey-Tory and Monte Carlo-based algorithms and a systematic variation of the packing protocols we generate a portfolio of packings, whose microstructures differ in their degree of heterogeneity (DoH). Because the DoH quantifies the heterogeneity of the void space distribution in a packing, the asymptotic longitudinal dispersion coefficient calculated for the packings increases with the packings’ DoH. We investigate the influence of packing length (up to 150 dp, where dp is the sphere diameter) and grid resolution (up to 90 nodes per dp) on the simulated hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient, and demonstrate that the chosen packing dimensions of 10 dpx 10 dpx 70 dp and the employed grid resolution of 60 nodes per dp are sufficient to observe asymptotic behavior of the dispersion coefficient and to minimize finite size effects. Asymptotic values of the dispersion coefficients calculated for the generated packings are compared with simulated as well as experimental data from the literature and yield good to excellent agreement.
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Giammona, James, and Otger Campàs. "Physical constraints on early blastomere packings." PLOS Computational Biology 17, no. 1 (2021): e1007994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007994.

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At very early embryonic stages, when embryos are composed of just a few cells, establishing the correct packing arrangements (contacts) between cells is essential for the proper development of the organism. As early as the 4-cell stage, the observed cellular packings in different species are distinct and, in many cases, differ from the equilibrium packings expected for simple adherent and deformable particles. It is unclear what are the specific roles that different physical parameters, such as the forces between blastomeres, their division times, orientation of cell division and embryonic confinement, play in the control of these packing configurations. Here we simulate the non-equilibrium dynamics of cells in early embryos and systematically study how these different parameters affect embryonic packings at the 4-cell stage. In the absence of embryo confinement, we find that cellular packings are not robust, with multiple packing configurations simultaneously possible and very sensitive to parameter changes. Our results indicate that the geometry of the embryo confinement determines the packing configurations at the 4-cell stage, removing degeneracy in the possible packing configurations and overriding division rules in most cases. Overall, these results indicate that physical confinement of the embryo is essential to robustly specify proper cellular arrangements at very early developmental stages.
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Burda, Y., A. Cherednik, I. Redko, and Y. Pivnenko. "Improving the efficiency of cleaning gas emissions from foundry." Ventilation, Illumination and Heat Gas Supply 35 (December 27, 2020): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2409-2606.2020.35.21-25.

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The work is devoted to the topical problem of increasing the efficiency of cleaning process of gases in packed-type scrubbers in order to reduce emissions of harmful substances and solid impurities into the atmosphere and improve the technical and economic indicators of wet gas cleaning systems. For this, a triangular cross-cut packing has been developed. Due to the size of the holes and their specific shape, the triangular packing provides longer contact of the packaging with water, which reduces water consumption. The packing is made of alloy steel AISI 316, so it can be used even in the most aggressive environment. In the work, the efficiency of cleaning with a scrubber with this packing is experimentally determined. The tests were performed at an ambient temperature of 23 °C. Several measurements were made for each type of packing, in a typical scrubber design. To conduct these industrial tests, a thermohygrometer-carbon dioxide gas analyzerAZ-7797 was used with high-precision NDIR (infrared) sensor, automatic background calibration (W/ABC), and compensation for deviations during long-term operation. The concentration measurement range is 0-9999 ppm with an error of ± 5 %. The gases were cooled in two stages. At first, they were cooled with ammonia water from 750 to 80 °C. Then they were fed to a primary gas refrigerator (basic type) of direct action, where its temperature were falled to 15 °C. Carbon dioxide concentration was measured after the first stage of cooling, after the final cooling, and after the cleaning process. The comparison is carried out with the most effective types of packing for wet gas cleaning today – chordal wood and Raschig rings. It is shown that the developed triangular packing with cross-shaped notches during the purification of coke oven gas from carbon dioxide improves the purification by 25 % in comparison with the wooden chord one, and by 15 % - with Raschig rings. This allows us to recommend it for widespread implementation.
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Puscaselu (Gheorghita), Roxana, Traian Lucian Severin, and Sonia Amariei. "Use of Biopolymers in Designing Edible Packaging Materials for Food Industry Development of statistical models." Materiale Plastice 56, no. 1 (2019): 198–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/mp.19.1.5151.

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This study aims to develop biodegradable and edible materials based on hydrocolloids and to analyze their physical and mechanical properties for use as food packaging. Edible packings were obtained from a hydrocolloid matrix (agar, starch, sodium alginate), plasticized with glycerol in different proportions (33.33% and 16.7% from the total amount of polysaccharides used). The physical and mechanical properties were analyzed. The best results were obtained with agar- sodium alginate packing, plasticized with the highest amount of glycerol.
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Ramkrishnan, Ramkumar, and Ragupathy Arumugam. "Experimental study of cooling tower performance using ceramic tile packing." Processing and Application of Ceramics 7, no. 1 (2013): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pac1301021r.

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Deterioration of the packing material is a major problem in cooling towers. In this experimental study ceramic tiles were used as a packing material. The packing material is a long life burnt clay, which is normally used as a roofing material. It prevents a common problem of the cooling tower resulting from corrosion and water quality of the tower. In this study, we investigate the use of three different types of ceramic packings and evaluate their heat and mass transfer coefficients. A simple comparison of packing behaviour is performed with all three types of packing materials. The experimental study was conducted in a forced draft cooling tower. The variations in many variables, which affect the tower efficiency, are described.
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Bargiel, Monika, and Elmer M. Tory. "Packing fraction and measures of disorder of ultradense irregular packings of equal spheres. II. Transition from dense random packing." Advanced Powder Technology 12, no. 4 (2001): 533–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685520152756660.

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Schiffman, Richard. "Packing materials grown from mushrooms." New Scientist 218, no. 2921 (2013): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(13)61485-2.

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van Batenburg, Wouter Cames, Gwenaël Joret, and Arthur Ulmer. "Erdös--Pósa from Ball Packing." SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics 34, no. 3 (2020): 1609–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/19m1309225.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "From packing"

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Nieuwoudt, Tania. "Packaging of table grapes for exports from SA : a comparative study." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96846.

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Thesis (MComm)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Table grapes are the second-largest contributor to the perishable product export in South Africa. The table grape industry also experienced considerable growth in the past ten years. The industry contributes toward employment in South Africa. The South African table grape industry experiences quality-related problems with exporting table grapes to the European market. Examples of quality related problems can range from chemical damage, chilling injury/freezing damage, heavy bruising and decay. A great amount of table grapes is basically wasted. The postharvest loss of table grapes during transportation can range from 1%-25% per day depending on the degree of temperature fluctuation. Therefore, it is important to minimize waste and increase the export volumes in order to utilise the potential profit possibilities. Based on data analysis for this case, results indicated that packaging is preventing cool air from flowing through the pallet during transportation and preventing the table grapes to cool evenly. The fluctuation in temperature contributes to the qualityrelated problems of these table grapes. The primary research goal is to identify packaging-related problems and propose possible solutions to improve the packaging-related conditions in which table grapes arrive at the destination. This study therefore investigated and evaluated the performance of the current packaging system of table grapes within a South African context for exporting to Europe for a specific case. Further analyses of the data received from Dole South Africa, a fruit marketing and distribution company, revealed that the following two types of packaging showed serious quality-related problems: 1) A04I: The 4.5kg box with the grapes in plastic bags. 2) A05E: The 5kg box with 500g punnets (10 x 500g punnets). A questionnaire combining with the Packaging Portfolio Evaluation Model and the Packaging Scorecard was developed and used to evaluate the two identified packaging systems in the following stages: Stage 1: Development of a new questionnaire by combining the Packaging Portfolio Evaluation Model and the Packaging Scorecard. Stage 2: Survey with the questionnaire developed in Stage 1. The identified types of packaging were evaluated with a new questionnaire with specific criteria. Members of the table grape supply chain from the farmer in South Africa to consumer in Sweden were used during the evaluation process. Descriptive statistics were calculated for each criteria or question in order to describe the performance and importance of the different packaging criteria. Data were also analysed with the use of box plots. The box plots and data visualisation methods were used to make conclusions and recommendations regarding the different categories of each type of packaging. It was clear that the major problem areas of both packaging systems involved were related to the environmental aspect of the packaging. The marketing and the logistics of the plastic bag also underperformed. However, individual criteria regarding the other business areas can also be improved. Possible solutions to these problem areas are also suggested in this thesis. The possible solutions include the Tali Grape Basket, Perforated Plastic Liners, New Generation Pack (NGP), Vinguard TM , Easypunnet and the Sulphur Dioxide Liner Bag.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Tafeldruiwe is die tweede grootste bydraende faktor tot bederfbare produkuitvoere in Suid-Afrika. Die tafeldruifindustrie het ook aansienlike groei die afgelope tien jaar beleef. Die industrie dra tot werkskepping in Suid-Afrika by. Die Suid-Afrikaanse tafeldruifindustrie ervaar kwaliteitsverwante probleme met die uitvoer van tafeldruiwe na die Europese mark. Voorbeelde van hierdie kwaliteitsverwante probleme kan wissel van chemiese skade, koueskade / vries skade, swaar kneusing en bederf. ‘n Groot hoeveelheid tafeldruiwe word vermors. Die oes verlies van tafeldruiwe tydens vervoer kan wissel van 1% -25% per dag, afhangende van die mate van temperatuur verandering. Daarom is dit belangrik om vermorsing te beperk en uitvoerhoeveelhede te verhoog om sodoende potensiële winsmoontlikhede te benut. Volgens data-analise blyk dit dat huidige verpakking tans verhoed dat koel lug tydens die vervoer van die produk deur die palet vloei, en dit veroorsaak dat die tafeldruiwe nie eweredig afkoel nie. Die wisseling in temperatuur dra grootliks tot die kwaliteitsverwante probleme van die tafeldruiwe by. Die primêre navorsingsdoelwit is om die verpakkingsverwante probleme te identifiseer en moontlike oplossings voor te stel om sodoende die toestand te verbeter waarin tafeldruiwe by die eindbestemming aankom. Daarom ondersoek en evalueer hierdie studie die prestasie van die huidige verpakkingsisteem van tafeldruiwe binne ʼn Suid-Afrikaanse konteks vir uitvoere na Europa; met betrekking tot ʼn spesifieke situasie. Verdere analise van data soos ontvang vanaf Dole Suid-Afrika, ‘n vrugtebemarkingsen verspreidingsmaatskappy, het getoon dat ernstige kwaliteitsverwante probleme veral by die volgende twee tipes verpakkingsisteme voorkom: 1) A04I: Die 4.5kg karton met druiwe in plastieksakkies. 2) A05E: Die 5kg karton met 500g bakkies (10 x 500g bakkies). ʼn Vraelys, gebaseer op die kombinasie van die Verpakkingportefeulje Evalueringsmodel model en die Verpakkingstelkaart, is ontwikkel en gebruik om die bogenoemde verpakkingsisteme te evalueer en wel in die volgende fases: Fase 1: Ontwikkeling van ʼn gekombineerde Verpakkingsportefeulje Evalueringsmodel en die Verpakkingstelkaart tot ʼn nuwe vraelys. Fase 2: Opname met die vraelys soos ontwikkel in Fase 1. Die twee geïdentifiseerde tipes verpakking is geëvalueer met die nuwe vraelys met spesifieke kriteria. Die lede van die tafeldruiwe voorsieningsketting van die boer in Suid-Afrika tot die verbruiker in Swede is gebruik tydens die evaluasieproses. Beskrywende statistiek vir elke kriteria of vraag was bereken sodat die prestasie en belangrikheid van die verskillende verpakkingskriteria beskryf kan word. Data was ook beskryf met behulp van ‘n houer-en-puntstipping. Data visualiseringmetodes en die houer-en-puntstippings was gebruik om gevolgtrekkings en aanbevelings rakende die verskillende kategorieë van die tipes verpakking te maak. Dit was duidelik dat die omgewingsaspek van beide tipes verpakking ‘n groot probleem was. Die bemarking en logistiek van die plastieksakkie het ook onderpresteer. Individuele kriteria van ander besigheidsareas kan egter ook verbeter word. Moontlike oplossings vir hierdie probleem-areas word ook in hierdie tesis aangedui. Die moontlike oplossings sluit die “Tali Grape Basket”, “Perforated Plastic Liners”, “New Generation Pack (NGP)”, “Vinguard TM ”, “Easypunnet” en die “Sulphur Dioxide Liner Bag” in
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Muluneh, Melaku. "Soft Colloids from p(NIPAm-co-AAc): Packing Dynamics and Structure." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10454.

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Traditionally, the experimental model of choice for studying the structure and dynamics of glasses or crystals are hard-sphere colloids. An analogy with molecular or atomic materials is often drawn, in which each colloidal particle represents an atom or a molecule. Making the individual particles deformable allows an even wider range of phenomena to be observed. In this thesis, I report the three-dimensional confocal microscopic study of the structure and dynamics of aqueous suspensions of fluorescently labeled poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide)-co-(Acrylic Acid), or p(NIPAm-co-AAc), microgel particles of hydrodynamic diameter 1.0 - 1.5 μm. Image analysis techniques and particle tracking algorithms are used to quantify the particle dynamics and the suspension structure. The phase behavior of the suspensions is dependent on a number of factors including pH, temperature, and concentration. By adjusting the pH, the interactions between the microgel particles can be tuned from purely repulsive near neutral pH, to weakly attractive at low pH. At low pH and low concentration, dynamic arrest results mainly from crystallization driven by the attraction between particles; crystal nucleation occurs homogeneously throughout the sample. The dynamics is nucleation limited where fast crystallization follows a delay time. At low pH and high concentration, relaxation of the suspension is constrained and it evolves only slightly to form disordered solid. At neutral pH, the dynamics are a function of the particle number concentration only; a high concentration leads to the formation of a disordered soft glassy solid. Additionally, the three-dimensional image stacks are studied to determine crystal structure by calculating pair correlation functions, g(r), bond order parameters, and structure factors, s(q). The results show that crystal structure is independent of concentration, charge, size, and stiffness of particles remaining FCC under all conditions. At low concentrations and low pH, the structures formed are polycrystalline solids. Moreover, the ability of the particles to compress enables the suspensions to maintain their crystal structure when subjected to external stress. The results help us better understand the relationship between dynamics and structure in soft colloidal suspensions, enhance our ability to use the colloids to model materials, and improve applications of the colloids in industrial products.<br>Physics
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Lamas, Fernandez Carlos. "From archaeology to 3D printing : packing problems in the three dimensions." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2018. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/423469/.

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This thesis is a study on three cutting and packing problems involving irregular items. These problems are highly relevant in areas such as transportation, additive manufacturing or the garment industry. We investigate a special type of one-dimensional bin packing problem appearing in the industry; a novel problem in two dimensions entailing irregular shapes and free rotations; and an open dimension problem in three dimensions. Our aims are to find strategies to deal with irregular shapes, particularly geometric tools, and solution methods for problems with unusual constraints. In the first part we look at an industrial problem related to the management of helicopter fleets. We model and test with realistic data a bin packing problem where the objective is to find the minimum aircraft needed to lift a collection of items. The characteristics of this problem allow us to relax the geometrical constraints and consider it as a variant of the one-dimensional bin packing problem, but its many problem specific constraints make this a multi-objective that, to the best of our knowledge, is new in the literature. In the second part, we deal with a novel problem in two dimensions, motivated by the deciphering of an ancient Aztec codex. The problem itself is a novel packing problem with irregular shapes, an irregular container, free rotation and with the overlap and containment constraints relaxed. We provide a constructive algorithm and a metaheuristic procedure that are able to find satisfying solutions for an open question in the deciphering of the codex. Finally, in the last part we treat three-dimensional irregular shapes. We adopt a discretised approach that allows us to generate quick intersection tests and we develop the no-fit voxel. This is an extension of the no-t polygon, a mainstream tool for two dimensional packing problems that had not been extended to three dimensions in the literature. Using this tool, we investigate local search neighbourhoods and metaheuristic algorithms to find efficient packings and are able to provide an ILP model based on the no-fit voxel to locally improve the packing layouts.
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Sakthivel, A. "Crystal structures of cellulose II derived from packing energy minimization by A Sakthivel." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16464.

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Olsson, Jonas. "Solving a highly constrained multi-level container loading problem from practice." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Optimeringslära, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-134430.

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The container loading problem considered in this thesis is to determine placements of a set of packages within one or multiple shipping containers. Smaller packages are consolidated on pallets prior to being loaded in the shipping containers together with larger packages. There are multiple objectives which may be summarized as fitting all the packages while achieving good stability of the cargo as well as the shipping containers themselves. According to recent literature reviews, previous research in the field have to large extent been neglecting issues relevant in practice. Our real-world application was developed for the industrial company Atlas Copco to be used for sea container shipments at their Distribution Center (DC) in Texas, USA. Hence all applicable practical constraints faced by the DC operators had to be treated properly. A high variety in sizes, weights and other attributes such as stackability among packages added complexity to an already challenging combinatorial problem. Inspired by how the DC operators plan and perform loading manually, the batch concept was developed, which refers to grouping of boxes based on their characteristics and solving subproblems in terms of partial load plans. In each batch, an extensive placement heuristic and a load plan evaluation run iteratively, guided by a Genetic Algorithm (GA). In the placement heuristic, potential placements are evaluated using a scoring function considering aspects of the current situation, such as space utilization, horizontal support and heavier boxes closer to the floor. The scoring function is weighted by coefficients corresponding to the chromosomes of an individual in the GA population. Consequently, the fitness value of an individual in the GA population is the rating of a load plan. The loading optimization software has been tested and successfully implemented at the DC in Texas. The software has been proven capable of generating satisfactory load plans within acceptable computation times, which has resulted in reduced uncertainty and labor usage in the loading process. Analysis using real sea container shipments shows that the GA is able to tune the scoring coefficients to suit the particular problem instance being solved.
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Горобець, Б. С., Володимир Альбінович Марцинковський, Владимир Альбинович Марцинковский та Volodymyr Albinovych Martsynkovskyi. "Аналіз осьових коливань торцевого сальникового ущільнення". Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/47161.

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Аксіально-рухома втулка ущільнення разом з кільцем сальникової набивки і пружними елементами є коливальною ланкою і може здійснювати малі осьові коливання щодо положення статичної рівноваги. Тому при певних умовах можуть виникнути коливання аксіально-рухомої втулки ущільнення, які можуть вплинути на вібраційний стан насоса в цілому. Тож метою даної роботи є динамічний розрахунок торцевого сальникового ущільнення, який зводитися до визначення амплітудних і фазових частотних характеристик аксіально-рухомої втулки ущільнення.
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Устименко, М. С., Павло Володимирович Руденко, Павел Владимирович Руденко та Pavlo Volodymyrovych Rudenko. "Комплексный подход в подборе материалов и метода упрочнения основных узлов сальникового уплотнения кислородного компрессора". Thesis, Сумский государственный университет, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/46045.

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Fu, Wenjun. "From the conventional MIMO to massive MIMO systems : performance analysis and energy efficiency optimization." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25672.

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The main topic of this thesis is based on multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless communications, which is a novel technology that has attracted great interest in the last twenty years. Conventional MIMO systems using up to eight antennas play a vital role in the urban cellular network, where the deployment of multiple antennas have significantly enhanced the throughput without taking extra spectrum or power resources. The massive MIMO systems “scales” up the benefits that offered by the conventional MIMO systems. Using sixty four or more antennas at the BS not only improves the spectrum efficiency significantly, but also provides additional link robustness. It is considered as a key technology in the fifth generation of mobile communication technology standards network, and the design of new algorithms for these two systems is the basis of the research in this thesis. Firstly, at the receiver side of the conventional MIMO systems, a general framework of bit error rate (BER) approximation for the detection algorithms is proposed, which aims to support an adaptive modulation scheme. The main idea is to utilize a simplified BER approximation scheme, which is based on the union bound of the maximum-likelihood detector (MLD), whereby the bit error rate (BER) performance of the detector for the varying channel qualities can be efficiently predicted. The K-best detector is utilized in the thesis because its quasi- MLD performance and the parallel computational structure. The simulation results have clearly shown the adaptive K-best algorithm, by applying the simplified approximation method, has much reduced computational complexity while still maintaining a promising BER performance. Secondly, in terms of the uplink channel estimation for the massive MIMO systems with the time-division-duplex operation, the performance of the Grassmannian line packing (GLP) based uplink pilot codebook design is investigated. It aims to eliminate the pilot contamination effect in order to increase the downlink achievable rate. In the case of a limited channel coherence interval, the uplink codebook design can be treated as a line packing problem in a Grassmannian manifold. The closed-form analytical expressions of downlink achievable rate for both the single-cell and multi-cell systems are proposed, which are intended for performance analysis and optimization. The numerical results validate the proposed analytical expressions and the rate gains by using the GLP-based uplink codebook design. Finally, the study is extended to the energy efficiency (EE) of the massive MIMO system, as the reduction carbon emissions from the information and communication technology is a long-term target for the researchers. An effective framework of maximizing the EE for the massive MIMO systems is proposed in this thesis. The optimization starts from the maximization of the minimum user rate, which is aiming to increase the quality-of-service and provide a feasible constraint for the EE maximization problem. Secondly, the EE problem is a non-concave problem and can not be solved directly, so the combination of fractional programming and the successive concave approximation based algorithm are proposed to find a good suboptimal solution. It has been shown that the proposed optimization algorithm provides a significant EE improvement compared to a baseline case.
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Scarbath-Evers, Laura Katharina [Verfasser], Daniel [Gutachter] Sebastiani, and Arthur [Gutachter] Ernst. "Conformation and packing structure of conjugated molecules under external constraints : from solvated proteins to reconstructed surfaces / Laura Katharina Scarbath-Evers ; Gutachter: Daniel Sebastiani, Arthur Ernst." Halle (Saale) : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1210727331/34.

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Lal, Sumit. "Biodegradable packaging from whey protein." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/13815.

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Biodegradable packaging films from whey protein concentrate were made in this study. A total of 46 formulations were made in the form of thin (50 - 120um) films by using solvent casting. Additives used in the formulations included plasticizers i.e glycerol and propylene glycol, chaotropic agent i.e guanidine thiocynate, gelation and crosslinker i.e glutaraldehyde. Tensile tests showed an increase in tensile strength with the addition of glutaraldehyde (1.2 v/v) and gelatin (upto 50% wt%). Addition of glycerol, propylene glycol and guanidine thiocynate increased elongation of films. Water vapor permeability and oxygen permeability of films containing glycerol, propylene glycol and guanidine thiocynate increased, while films made with gelatin, glutaraldehyde showed lower permeability for oxygen and water. Glass transition temperature was measured by DSC and results showed consistent decrease in Tg with increasing amount of plasticizer and chaotropic agent. Biodegradability was measured by degradation in 1% pancreatin. Results showed lower degradation time for formulations containing increasing proportions of glutaraldehyde and gelatin. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to evaluate changes in covalent bonding post glutaraldehyde crosslinking. Peaks corresponding to stretching of imine bonds were found at 1590 cm-1 suggesting crosslinking reaction between glutaraldehyde and terminal amine residues of whey/gelatin. Scanning electron micrographs showed an increase in relative porosity for compositions containing glycerol when compared to formulation containing only whey. Surface micrographs of formulations with gelatin showed phase separation. The phase separation may be attributed to partial immiscibility of whey with gelatin.
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Books on the topic "From packing"

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United States International Trade Commission. Molded pulp egg filler flats from Canada: View on remand in investigation no. 731-TA-201 (final). U.S. International Trade Commission, 1988.

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Cavey, Joseph F. Solid wood packing material from China. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1998.

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Molded pulp egg filler flats from Canada: Determination of the Commission in investigation no. 731-TA-201 (final) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigation. U.S. International Trade Commission, 1985.

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Gerardus Joannes Maria Van Wee. Covering codes, perfect codes, and codes from algebraic curves. Wibro Dissertatiedrukkerij, 1991.

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The moving book: Everything you should know from packing up to settling in. H. Shaw Publishers, 1998.

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Painter, Rodger. Alaska oysters: Maintaining quality from harvest to half shell : a quality assurance manual for Alaska oyster growers. The Association, 1993.

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Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference (1990 Nashville, Tenn.). Regulatory philosophy and intent of radioactive material transport: Including transport of components from decommissioned nuclear facilities : presented at the 1990 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference, Nashville, Tennessee, June 17-21, 1990. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1990.

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Germany) International Seminar on Radioactive Waste Products (4th 2002 Würzburg. Radioactive waste products 2002: Proceedings of the 4th International Seminar on Radioactive Waste Products held in Würzburg, Germany from 22 to 26 September 2002. Edited by Odoj Reinhard and Forschungszentrum Jülich. Institut für Sicherheitsforschung und Reaktortechnik. Forschungszentrum Jülich, 2003.

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International Seminar on Radioactive Waste Products (3rd 1997 Würzburg, Germany). Radioactive waste products 1997: Proceedings of the 3rd International Seminar on Radioactive Waste Products held in Würzburg, Germany from 23 to 26 June 1997. Edited by Odoj Reinhard. Forschungszentrum Jülich, 1998.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Operations. Employment and Housing Subcommittee. OSHA's new plan to protect meatpacking workers from repetitive motion hazards: Hearing before the Employment and Housing Subcommittee of the Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives, One Hundred Second Congress, first session, March 20, 1991. U.S. G.P.O., 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "From packing"

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Persltein, Jerry. "Introduction to Packing Patterns and Packing Energetics of Crystalline Self-Assembled Structures." In Crystal Engineering: From Molecules and Crystals to Materials. Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4505-3_2.

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Turner, Bruce R. "Packing a Pistol in the Mailroom." In Rising from the Mailroom to the Boardroom. CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003096047-1.

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Burke, E. K., M. R. Hyde, and G. Kendall. "Evolving Bin Packing Heuristics with Genetic Programming." In Parallel Problem Solving from Nature - PPSN IX. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11844297_87.

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Steurer, Walter, and Sofia Deloudi. "Cluster Packing from a Higher Dimensional Perspective." In Science of Crystal Structures. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19827-9_18.

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Rohde*, Steffen. "Oded Schramm: From Circle Packing to SLE." In Selected Works of Oded Schramm. Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9675-6_1.

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Burke, Edmund K., Qiang Guo, and Graham Kendall. "A Hyper-Heuristic Approach to Strip Packing Problems." In Parallel Problem Solving from Nature, PPSN XI. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15844-5_47.

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Gómez-Meneses, Pedro, and Marcus Randall. "A Hybrid Extremal Optimisation Approach for the Bin Packing Problem." In Artificial Life: Borrowing from Biology. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10427-5_24.

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Niinemets, Ülo, and Niels P. R. Anten. "Packing the Photosynthetic Machinery: From Leaf to Canopy." In Photosynthesis in silico. Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9237-4_16.

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Biran, Paul. "From Symplectic Packing to Algebraic Geometry and Back." In European Congress of Mathematics. Birkhäuser Basel, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8266-8_44.

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Renold Elsen, S., R. Bharanidaran, and S. Surendarnath. "Biodegradable Composites from Leaf Wastes for Packing Applications." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6374-0_28.

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Conference papers on the topic "From packing"

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Balslev, Ivar, and Ren‰ D. Eriksen. "From belt picking to bin packing." In Optomechatronic Systems III, edited by Toru Yoshizawa. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.467380.

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Zaleski, T. E., and J. F. Donovan. "Gravel Packing Operations From a Floating Vessel." In SPE Formation Damage Control Symposium. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/14816-ms.

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Aste, T., G. Delaney, and T. Di Matteo. "Understanding complex matter from simple packing models." In Microelectronics, MEMS, and Nanotechnology, edited by Derek Abbott, Tomaso Aste, Murray Batchelor, Robert Dewar, Tiziana Di Matteo, and Tony Guttmann. SPIE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.759030.

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Yang, Jian, Qiuwang Wang, and Min Zeng. "Numerical Study of Flow and Heat Transfer in Novel Structure Packed Beds." In ASME 2009 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the InterPACK09 and 3rd Energy Sustainability Conferences. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2009-88145.

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A forced convection heat transfer inside micro pores of structure packed beds with spherical or ellipsoidal particles are numerically studied in this paper. Three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations and RNG k-ε turbulence model with scalable wall function are adopted for present computations. The effects of packing form and particle shape are carefully studied and the flow and heat transfer performances in uniform and nonuniform packed beds are also compared in detail. The macroscopic hydrodynamic and heat transfer results are obtained from micro pore cells by using integrating method. The results show that, with the same physical parameters, the pressure drops in structure packed beds are much lower than those in randomly packed beds while the overall heat transfer efficiencies (except SC packing) are much higher. The traditional correlations of flow and heat transfer extracted from randomly packings are unavailable for structured packings, and some modified correlations are obtained. Furthermore, it finds that, with the same particle shape (sphere), the overall heat transfer performance of SC packing is better than that of BCC packing. With the same packing form (BCC), the overall heat transfer performance of spherical particle model is better than that of ellipsoidal particle model and with the same particle shape and packing form (BCC packing with sphere), the overall heat transfer performance of uniform packing is better than that of non-uniform packing.
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YuLi Zhang and Qingjun Cai. "The c-secure codes from BIBD and packing design." In 2010 IEEE International Conference on Information Theory and Information Security (ICITIS). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icitis.2010.5689462.

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Torrest, R. S., and F. Marcano. "Gel Surface Filtration From Polymer Solutions During Gravel Packing." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/15546-ms.

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Sherlock, Donald H., and Brian J. Evans. "Observations of seismic reflections from variations in grain packing." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1998. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1820065.

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Utrera, Gladys, Montse Farreras, and Jordi Fornes. "Task Packing: Getting the Best from MPI Unbalanced Applications." In 2017 25th Euromicro International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Network-based Processing (PDP). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pdp.2017.51.

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Koring, Reinhard. "Industrial Application of Research Results of Packings on Safety Relevant Valves in Nuclear Power Plants." In ASME 2006 Pressure Vessels and Piping/ICPVT-11 Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2006-icpvt-11-93700.

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In a NPP approximately 380 safety relevant valves are installed. The main requirements are the safety and operational availability as well as a adequate leak tightness of the sealings and stem packings. Based upon the research results of the MPA-Stuttgart, Germany on packing features specific procedures for handling, assembly and maintenance of packings and analytical inputs for the design calculation have been developed. Depending on the valve size, especially on the stem diameter, the packing influences the necessary stem force for the closing and opening function due to the amount of friction force. The complying equations of the valve calculation guideline were derived from the research results and rely on covering material characteristics of the approved packing rings such as friction coefficient and the vertical/horizontal force transfer factor of the stressing force. The industrial application often requires a more detailed calculation and handling of the actually installed packing configurations especially if existing valves are considered for redesign measures and recalculation. Therefore additionally mock-up tests of existing packing configurations have been performed in cooperation with the packing manufacturer in order to get very specific material coefficients as input data for the calculations. This paper presents the application of research results to design calculation of safety relevant valves as well as the development of procedures for the packing assembly and maintenance.
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Garcia, André F., Jose C. Veiga, Luiz P. Romano, and Carlos D. Girão. "Evaluation of Packing Drag on Knife Valves for Actuator Sizing." In ASME 2015 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2015-45773.

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Knife Gate Valves (KGV) are one of many types of valves available in the fluid control industry. Initially used for handling slurry, KGV gradually became popular in many other engineering applications. Most of these valves are characterized by a particular stuffing box shape that require a rectangular packing installation, not so conventional in valve sealing designs where packings are installed around a cylindrical stem. The actuation methods used with KGV’s are many, from purely mechanical to pneumatic and electrically actuated. The design of those actuators is most dependent of the friction generated by the packing and, therefore, knowing more accurately how packing stress influences gate drag would be of much interest. The intent of this paper is to introduce a testing device and protocol to evaluate how packing friction behaves among distinct packing materials and to establish relations between packing gland load and actuator resistive force. Moreover, values of drag force for the different packing styles are determined with corresponding gland load.
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Reports on the topic "From packing"

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Smith, R. A. Volatile Components from Packing Matrials, Rev. 2. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/974247.

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Lembert, Michael, Kristi Cooper-Pabros, Warren Comerford, et al. IMPLEMENTATION AND SOLUTIONS OVERVIEW FROM A PACKAGING PERSPECTIVE. BioPhorum, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46220/2021ff001.

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Fråne, Anna, Åsa Stenmarck, Søren Løkke, Malin zu Castell Rüdenhausen, Hanne L. Raadal, and Margareta Wahlström. Guidelines to increased collection of plastic packaging waste from households. Nordic Council of Ministers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/anp2015-712.

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Lembert, Michael, Kristi Cooper-Pabros, Warren Comerford, et al. Electronic product information Implementation and solutions overview from a packaging perspective. BioPhorum, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46220/2021ff003.

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Chalutz, Edo, Charles Wilson, Samir Droby, et al. Induction of Resistance to Postharvest Diseases and Extension of Shelf-Life of Fruits and Vegetables by Ultra-Violet Light. United States Department of Agriculture, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568093.bard.

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Following preliminary observations by one of the collaborating scientists on this project and the completion of a 1-year, BARD-supported feasibility study (IS-1908-90F), this 3-year BARD project has been executed. The main objectives of the research were to elucidate biochemical and pathological aspects of UV-induced resistance in fruits and vegetables, to characterize physical and biological variables of induced resistance and delay of ripening, and to explore the application of the treatment as a control practice of postharvest diseases and shelf-life extension of fruits and vegetables. Our findings, which are detailed in numerous joint publications, have shown that the effect of UV-C light on induction of resistance and delay of ripening is a general one and of wide oddurrence. Apart from surface sterilization of the commodity, the reduction of decay of different fungi has been associated with and induced resistance phenomenon which gradually builds up within 24 to 48 hours after the UV treatment and can be reversed by visible light. In citrus, induced resistance has been associated with increased activity of the enzymes phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and peroxidase, and with the levels of endglucanase and chitinase. In tomato, resistance was correlated with the production of high levels of tomatine. Our study of some molecular aspects of the induced resistance in grapefruit has revealed the induction of a cDNA which represents a gene encoding for an isoflavone reductase-like protein that, in legumes, has been associated with phytoalexin biosynthesis. This gene was cloned and sequenced. Delay of ripening was associated in tomato with inhibition of ethylene production, carotenoid synthesis, and chlorophyll degradation and with the presence of high levels of polyamines. In peach fruit epiphytic populations of a yeast increased following the UV treatment. Pilot-size treatment and packing lines were constructed in the US and Israel to test the application of the UV treatment on a semi-commercial scale. Although effective in reduction of decay and delay of ripening, a number of problems will have to be addressed before practical application of this methodology can be realized. The main issues are associated with the temporal and variable response to the treatment, and its relationship to the maturity and date of harvest of the commodity.
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Sajjanhar, Anuradha, and Denzil Mohammed. Immigrant Essential Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic. The Immigrant Learning Center Inc., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54843/dpe8f2.

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The COVID-19 pandemic affected everyone in the United States, and essential workers across industries like health care, agriculture, retail, transportation and food supply were key to our survival. Immigrants, overrepresented in essential industries but largely invisible in the public eye, were critical to our ability to weather the pandemic and recover from it. But who are they? How did they do the riskiest of jobs in the riskiest of times? And how were both U.S.-born and foreign-born residents affected? This report explores the crucial contributions of immigrant essential workers, their impact on the lives of those around them, and how they were affected by the pandemic, public sentiment and policies. It further explores the contradiction of immigrants being essential to all of our well-being yet denied benefits, protections and rights given to most others. The pandemic revealed the significant value of immigrant essential workers to the health of all Americans. This report places renewed emphasis on their importance to national well-being. The report first provides a demographic picture of foreign-born workers in key industries during the pandemic using U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) data. Part I then gives a detailed narrative of immigrants’ experiences and contributions to the country’s perseverance during the pandemic based on interviews with immigrant essential workers in California, Minnesota and Texas, as well as with policy experts and community organizers from across the country. Interviewees include: ■ A food packing worker from Mexico who saw posters thanking doctors and grocery workers but not those like her working in the fields. ■ A retail worker from Argentina who refused the vaccine due to mistrust of the government. ■ A worker in a check cashing store from Eritrea who felt a “responsibility to be able to take care of people” lining up to pay their bills. Part II examines how federal and state policies, as well as increased public recognition of the value of essential workers, failed to address the needs and concerns of immigrants and their families. Both foreign-born and U.S.-born people felt the consequences. Policies kept foreign-trained health care workers out of hospitals when intensive care units were full. They created food and household supply shortages resulting in empty grocery shelves. They denied workplace protections to those doing the riskiest jobs during a crisis. While legislation and programs made some COVID-19 relief money available, much of it failed to reach the immigrant essential workers most in need. Part II also offers several examples of local and state initiatives that stepped in to remedy this. By looking more deeply at the crucial role of immigrant essential workers and the policies that affect them, this report offers insight into how the nation can better respond to the next public health crisis.
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Bruder, Brittany L., Katherine L. Brodie, Tyler J. Hesser, Nicholas J. Spore, Matthew W. Farthing, and Alexander D. Renaud. guiBath y : A Graphical User Interface to Estimate Nearshore Bathymetry from Hovering Unmanned Aerial System Imagery. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/39700.

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This US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory, technical report details guiBathy, a graphical user interface to estimate nearshore bathymetry from imagery collected via a hovering Unmanned Aerial System (UAS). guiBathy provides an end-to-end solution for non-subject-matter-experts to utilize commercia-off-the-shelf UAS to collect quantitative imagery of the nearshore by packaging robust photogrammetric and signal-processing algorithms into an easy-to-use software interface. This report begins by providing brief background on coastal imaging and the photogrammetry and bathymetric inversion algorithms guiBathy utilizes, as well as UAS data collection requirements. The report then describes guiBathy software specifications, features, and workflow. Example guiBathy applications conclude the report with UAS bathymetry measurements taken during the 2020 Atlantic Hurricane Season, which compare favorably (root mean square error = 0.44 to 0.72 m; bias = -0.35 to -0.11 m) with in situ survey measurements. guiBathy is a standalone executable software for Windows 10 platforms and will be freely available at www.github.com/erdc.
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MCCARTHY, M. M. 324 Building Spent Nuclear Fuel (SNF) Handling History from Characterization to Packaging for Transfer to the Interim Storage Area (OCRWM). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/808567.

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Stone, Timothy Amos, Kirk Patrick Reeves, Tristan Karns, and Paul Herrick Smith. Technical Basis for Design Life Extension of the SAVY-4000 Series Nuclear Material Packaging System from Five Years to Fifteen Years. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1463525.

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Bogdan, Alex, and Nikki Soo. Survey of consumer practices with respect to coated frozen chicken products. Food Standards Agency, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.hrb725.

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The Food Standards Agency (FSA) is investigating a spike in Salmonella cases in the UK linked to the consumption of coated frozen chicken products. In March 2021, FSA, in collaboration with Food Standards Scotland (FSS) commissioned Ipsos MORI to conduct an online survey in order to identify consumer behaviours which could increase their risk to foodborne disease. The key research questions were: •Which consumers are purchasing coated frozen chicken products? •How do consumers store and cook these products? •Do consumers follow packaging instructions when cooking and storing these products?•Are consumers putting themselves at risk of Salmonellain the way they, store, cook and handle these products? •Do consumers take appropriate action to protect themselves from risk by washing their hands, and avoiding cross-contamination when handling these products? •Do children (aged 12 or under) or teenagers (aged 13-15) handle and cook these products?
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