Journal articles: 'From packing'

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Specht, Eckard. "A precise algorithm to detect voids in polydisperse circle packings." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 471, no. 2182 (2015): 20150421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2015.0421.

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Computer simulations are the primary tool for studying polydisperse particle packings quanti- tatively. For the problem of packing N unequal circles in a larger container circle, nothing is known a priori about the optimal packing (i.e. the packing with the highest packing fraction). Simulations usually start from a random initial configuration with the aim to finish with a dense final packing. Unfortunately, smaller circles often get stuck in trapped positions and prevent the rest of the packing from growing larger. Hence, the knowledge of the structure of unoccupied areas or holes inside a packing is important to be able to move trapped circles into free circular places or voids . A novel algorithm is proposed for detecting such voids in two-dimensional arbitrary circle packings by a decomposition of the contact graph. Combined with a clever object jumping strategy and together with other heuristic methods like swaps and shifts, this approach increases the packing fraction ϕ significantly. Its effectiveness for jumping across the maximally random jammed barrier ( ϕ MRJ ≈0.8575 in the large- N limit) for small benchmark instances as well as for large problem sizes (up to N ≈10 3 ) is demonstrated.

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Arias, Jeanine Concepcion H., and Manuel Joseph C. Loquias. "Similarity isometries of point packings." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 76, no. 6 (2020): 677–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273320011547.

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A linear isometry R of {\bb R}^{d} is called a similarity isometry of a lattice \Gamma\subseteq{\bb R}^{d} if there exists a positive real number β such that βRΓ is a sublattice of (finite index in) Γ. The set βRΓ is referred to as a similar sublattice of Γ. A (crystallographic) point packing generated by a lattice Γ is a union of Γ with finitely many shifted copies of Γ. In this study, the notion of similarity isometries is extended to point packings. A characterization for the similarity isometries of point packings is provided and the corresponding similar subpackings are identified. Planar examples are discussed, namely the 1 × 2 rectangular lattice and the hexagonal packing (or honeycomb lattice). Finally, similarity isometries of point packings about points different from the origin are considered by studying similarity isometries of shifted point packings. In particular, similarity isometries of a certain shifted hexagonal packing are computed and compared with those of the hexagonal packing.

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Khirevich, Siarhei, Alexandra Höltzel, and Ulrich Tallarek. "Validation of Pore-Scale Simulations of Hydrodynamic Dispersion in Random Sphere Packings." Communications in Computational Physics 13, no. 3 (2013): 801–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4208/cicp.361011.260112s.

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AbstractWe employ the lattice Boltzmann method and random walk particle tracking to simulate the time evolution of hydrodynamic dispersion in bulk, random, monodisperse, hard-sphere packings with bed porosities (interparticle void volume fractions) between the random-close and the random-loose packing limit. Using Jodrey-Tory and Monte Carlo-based algorithms and a systematic variation of the packing protocols we generate a portfolio of packings, whose microstructures differ in their degree of heterogeneity (DoH). Because the DoH quantifies the heterogeneity of the void space distribution in a packing, the asymptotic longitudinal dispersion coefficient calculated for the packings increases with the packings’ DoH. We investigate the influence of packing length (up to 150 dp, where dp is the sphere diameter) and grid resolution (up to 90 nodes per dp) on the simulated hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient, and demonstrate that the chosen packing dimensions of 10 dpx 10 dpx 70 dp and the employed grid resolution of 60 nodes per dp are sufficient to observe asymptotic behavior of the dispersion coefficient and to minimize finite size effects. Asymptotic values of the dispersion coefficients calculated for the generated packings are compared with simulated as well as experimental data from the literature and yield good to excellent agreement.

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Giammona, James, and Otger Campàs. "Physical constraints on early blastomere packings." PLOS Computational Biology 17, no. 1 (2021): e1007994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007994.

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At very early embryonic stages, when embryos are composed of just a few cells, establishing the correct packing arrangements (contacts) between cells is essential for the proper development of the organism. As early as the 4-cell stage, the observed cellular packings in different species are distinct and, in many cases, differ from the equilibrium packings expected for simple adherent and deformable particles. It is unclear what are the specific roles that different physical parameters, such as the forces between blastomeres, their division times, orientation of cell division and embryonic confinement, play in the control of these packing configurations. Here we simulate the non-equilibrium dynamics of cells in early embryos and systematically study how these different parameters affect embryonic packings at the 4-cell stage. In the absence of embryo confinement, we find that cellular packings are not robust, with multiple packing configurations simultaneously possible and very sensitive to parameter changes. Our results indicate that the geometry of the embryo confinement determines the packing configurations at the 4-cell stage, removing degeneracy in the possible packing configurations and overriding division rules in most cases. Overall, these results indicate that physical confinement of the embryo is essential to robustly specify proper cellular arrangements at very early developmental stages.

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Burda, Y., A. Cherednik, I. Redko, and Y. Pivnenko. "Improving the efficiency of cleaning gas emissions from foundry." Ventilation, Illumination and Heat Gas Supply 35 (December 27, 2020): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2409-2606.2020.35.21-25.

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The work is devoted to the topical problem of increasing the efficiency of cleaning process of gases in packed-type scrubbers in order to reduce emissions of harmful substances and solid impurities into the atmosphere and improve the technical and economic indicators of wet gas cleaning systems. For this, a triangular cross-cut packing has been developed. Due to the size of the holes and their specific shape, the triangular packing provides longer contact of the packaging with water, which reduces water consumption. The packing is made of alloy steel AISI 316, so it can be used even in the most aggressive environment. In the work, the efficiency of cleaning with a scrubber with this packing is experimentally determined. The tests were performed at an ambient temperature of 23 °C. Several measurements were made for each type of packing, in a typical scrubber design. To conduct these industrial tests, a thermohygrometer-carbon dioxide gas analyzerAZ-7797 was used with high-precision NDIR (infrared) sensor, automatic background calibration (W/ABC), and compensation for deviations during long-term operation. The concentration measurement range is 0-9999 ppm with an error of ± 5 %. The gases were cooled in two stages. At first, they were cooled with ammonia water from 750 to 80 °C. Then they were fed to a primary gas refrigerator (basic type) of direct action, where its temperature were falled to 15 °C. Carbon dioxide concentration was measured after the first stage of cooling, after the final cooling, and after the cleaning process. The comparison is carried out with the most effective types of packing for wet gas cleaning today – chordal wood and Raschig rings. It is shown that the developed triangular packing with cross-shaped notches during the purification of coke oven gas from carbon dioxide improves the purification by 25 % in comparison with the wooden chord one, and by 15 % - with Raschig rings. This allows us to recommend it for widespread implementation.

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Puscaselu (Gheorghita), Roxana, Traian Lucian Severin, and Sonia Amariei. "Use of Biopolymers in Designing Edible Packaging Materials for Food Industry Development of statistical models." Materiale Plastice 56, no. 1 (2019): 198–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/mp.19.1.5151.

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This study aims to develop biodegradable and edible materials based on hydrocolloids and to analyze their physical and mechanical properties for use as food packaging. Edible packings were obtained from a hydrocolloid matrix (agar, starch, sodium alginate), plasticized with glycerol in different proportions (33.33% and 16.7% from the total amount of polysaccharides used). The physical and mechanical properties were analyzed. The best results were obtained with agar- sodium alginate packing, plasticized with the highest amount of glycerol.

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Ramkrishnan, Ramkumar, and Ragupathy Arumugam. "Experimental study of cooling tower performance using ceramic tile packing." Processing and Application of Ceramics 7, no. 1 (2013): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pac1301021r.

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Deterioration of the packing material is a major problem in cooling towers. In this experimental study ceramic tiles were used as a packing material. The packing material is a long life burnt clay, which is normally used as a roofing material. It prevents a common problem of the cooling tower resulting from corrosion and water quality of the tower. In this study, we investigate the use of three different types of ceramic packings and evaluate their heat and mass transfer coefficients. A simple comparison of packing behaviour is performed with all three types of packing materials. The experimental study was conducted in a forced draft cooling tower. The variations in many variables, which affect the tower efficiency, are described.

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Bargiel, Monika, and Elmer M. Tory. "Packing fraction and measures of disorder of ultradense irregular packings of equal spheres. II. Transition from dense random packing." Advanced Powder Technology 12, no. 4 (2001): 533–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685520152756660.

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Schiffman, Richard. "Packing materials grown from mushrooms." New Scientist 218, no. 2921 (2013): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(13)61485-2.

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van Batenburg, Wouter Cames, Gwenaël Joret, and Arthur Ulmer. "Erdös--Pósa from Ball Packing." SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics 34, no. 3 (2020): 1609–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/19m1309225.

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Wang, Yutao, Wei Deng, Zhaohui Huang, and Shuixiang Li. "Descriptor-free unsupervised learning method for local structure identification in particle packings." Journal of Chemical Physics 156, no. 15 (2022): 154504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0088056.

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Local structure identification is of great importance in many scientific and engineering fields. However, mathematical and supervised learning methods mostly rely on specific descriptors of local structures and can only be applied to particular packing configurations. In this work, we propose an improved unsupervised learning method, which is descriptor-free, for local structure identification in particle packing. The point cloud is used as the input of the improved method, which directly comes from spatial positions of particles and does not rely on specific descriptors. The improved method constructs an autoencoder based on the point cloud network combined with Gaussian mixture models for dimension reduction and clustering. Numerical examples show that the improved method performs well in local structure identification of quasicrystal disk and sphere packings, achieving comparable accuracy with previous methods. For disordered packings, which have been considered having nearly no local structures, the improved method identifies a nontrivial seven-neighbor motif in the maximally dense random packing of disks and finds acentric structural motifs in the random close packing of spheres, which demonstrate the ability on identification of new and unknown local structures. The improved unsupervised learning method would help obtain information from massive simulation and experimental results as well as devising new order parameters for particle packings.

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Pedersen, Martin Cramer, and Stephen T. Hyde. "Polyhedra and packings from hyperbolic honeycombs." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 27 (2018): 6905–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1720307115.

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We derive more than 80 embeddings of 2D hyperbolic honeycombs in Euclidean 3 space, forming 3-periodic infinite polyhedra with cubic symmetry. All embeddings are “minimally frustrated,” formed by removing just enough isometries of the (regular, but unphysical) 2D hyperbolic honeycombs {3,7}, {3,8}, {3,9}, {3,10}, and {3,12} to allow embeddings in Euclidean 3 space. Nearly all of these triangulated “simplicial polyhedra” have symmetrically identical vertices, and most are chiral. The most symmetric examples include 10 infinite “deltahedra,” with equilateral triangular faces, 6 of which were previously unknown and some of which can be described as packings of Platonic deltahedra. We describe also related cubic crystalline packings of equal hyperbolic discs in 3 space that are frustrated analogues of optimally dense hyperbolic disc packings. The 10-coordinated packings are the least “loosened” Euclidean embeddings, although frustration swells all of the hyperbolic disc packings to give less dense arrays than the flat penny-packing even though their unfrustrated analogues in H2 are denser.

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Liu, Yang, and Thanh Vinh Vo. "Bin Packing Solution for Automated Packaging Application." Applied Mechanics and Materials 143-144 (December 2011): 279–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.143-144.279.

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This paper introduces the implementation of a new heuristic recursive algorithm for bin packing solution used in automated packaging application. The theoretical method proposed in this paper is successfully implemented on a real ABB robot arm with some important improvements such as added rotation flexibility and removing an added product from the structure. The computational results on a class of benchmark problems have shown that this algorithm not only finds shorter height than the known meta-heuristic ones, but also runs in shorter time. The average running time is very suitable for such kind of automated packaging application.

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Mattoo, Owais, Rahil Muzaffar, Anees Mir, Manzoor A. Malik, Shakil Ahmed, and Rafiq Pampori. "Comparing hemostatic and adhesion prevention effects of different types of nasal packings used post-septoplasty viz medicated gauze packing, glove finger packing and merocel packing." Bangladesh Journal of Otorhinolaryngology 18, no. 2 (2012): 129–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v18i2.11989.

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Aim: To compare the adhesion prevention and hemostatic effects of different types of nasal packing viz. medicated gauze packing, glove finger packing and merocel packing. Study Design: Prospective Study, in which 105 patients were, enrolled with effect from September 2011 to March 2012.Methods: This study was done in postgraduate department of ENT - HNS in Govt. Medical College, Srinagar. 105 patients undergoing septoplasty were randomly distributed in three groups, Group A, Group B, and Group C. Group A patients were packed postoperatively with medicated gauze packing, Group B with glove finger packing and Group C with merocel packing. Patients were then examined and regularly observed and followed for post-septoplasty hemorrhage and adhesions.Results: The average number of cotton balls used to clean the blood soakage on day one was 10 in Group A, 13 in Group B and 15 in Group C. On comparing the results of medicated gauze packing with merocel packings, the difference was not statistically significant(p<0.20), though apparently conventional anterior nasal packing (ANP) appeared to be better hemostatic than other types of packings. At 4 weeks postoperatively, the number of patients who developed adhesions were 10 (28.6%) in Group A, 8 (22.9%) in Group B and none (0 %) in Group C. On comparing the results of merocel packing with conventional ANP with highest rate of adhesion formation, the difference was statistically significant (p<0.002). Also on an average minimal number of paracetamol tablets (Dosage Strength 500 mg) were consumed by patients whose noses were packed with merocel (8 tablets) as compared to conventional ANP (13 tablets) and glove finger (8 tablets) over a period of one week.Conclusions: Hemostatic effects were best observed with medicated gauze packing, though the difference was not statistically significant. Adhesion formation which is one of the most important determinants of success of septoplasty is best prevented by merocel packing. If good expertise is observed during septoplasty with proper sterilization technique, postseptoplasty hemorrhage is quite uncommon and adhesion prevention becomes the single most important factor. Merocel packing should thus be carried out in almost all cases. In cases where postoperative bleeding is suspected, classical medicated gauze packing should be done. The morbidity associated with postoperative pain was minimal with merocel packing. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v18i2.11989 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2012; 18(2): 129-132

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Maystrenko, A., N. Amelina, and O. Berdnik. "PACKING OF WARES FROM CELLULAR CONCRETE." Scientific Bulletin of Civil Engineering 96, no. 2 (2019): 289–397. http://dx.doi.org/10.29295/2311-7257-2019-96-2-389-397.

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Makarova, N. V., N. B. Eremeeva, and Ya V. Davydova. "EDIBLE PACKING FROM APPLE PROCESSING WASTE." Bulletin оf Kamchatka State Technical University, no. 51 (2020): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17217/2079-0333-2020-51-26-34.

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Lavine, M. S. "Learning from the packing of particles." Science 349, no. 6251 (2015): 939–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.349.6251.939-j.

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Janczak, Joanna M., Ulrich Beutner, and Karin Hasler. "Body Packing: From Seizures to Laparotomy." Case Reports in Emergency Medicine 2015 (2015): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/208047.

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Body packing is a common method for illegal drug trafficking. Complications associated with body packing can be severe and even lead to rapid death. Thus, a timely diagnosis is warranted. As most body packers initially do not show any symptoms, making a correct diagnosis can be rather challenging. We describe a case of a 41-year-old male, who was admitted with an epileptic seizure and who turned out to be a cocaine intoxicated body packer. Due to neurological and cardiovascular deterioration an emergency surgery was performed. Four bags of cocaine could be removed. We discuss the current management regimen in symptomatic and asymptomatic body packers and highlight pearls and pitfalls with diagnosis and treatment.

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Krause, Kadri, Lawrence L. Larmore, and Dennis James Volper. "Packing items from a triangular distribution." Information Processing Letters 25, no. 6 (1987): 351–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-0190(87)90212-2.

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Ferber, Asaf, Choongbum Lee, and Frank Mousset. "Packing spanning graphs from separable families." Israel Journal of Mathematics 219, no. 2 (2017): 959–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11856-017-1504-0.

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Rhee, Wansoo T. "Tight bound of random interval packing." Journal of Applied Probability 35, no. 4 (1998): 990–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1239/jap/1032438393.

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Consider n random intervals I1, …, IN chosen by selecting endpoints independently from the uniform distribution. A packing of I1, …, IN is a disjoint sub-collection of these intervals: its wasted space is the measure of the set of points not covered by the packing. We investigate the random variable WN equal to the smallest wasted space among all packings. Coffman, Poonen and Winkler proved that EWN is of order (log N)2/N. We provide a sharp estimate of log P(WN ≥ t (log N)2 / N) and log P(WN ≤ t (log N)2 / N) for all values of t.

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Kubala, Piotr, and Michał Cieśla. "The effect of substrate waviness on random sequential adsorption packing properties." Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 2022, no. 3 (2022): 033303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/ac561a.

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Abstract Random sequential adsorption of spheres on a wavy surface was studied. It was determined how surface structure influences random packing properties such as the packing fraction, the kinetics of packing growth and the two-particle density correlation function. Until the substrate varies within the range one order of magnitude smaller than the particle’s diameter, the properties of the packings obtained do not differ significantly from those on a flat surface. On the other hand, for the higher amplitude of unevenness, the packing fraction, low-density growth kinetics and the density autocorrelation function change significantly, while asymptotic growth kinetics seems to be barely sensitive to surface waviness. Besides fundamental significance, the study suggests that the experimental measurement of the aforementioned basic properties of adsorption monolayers can reveal the surface’s porous structure without investigating the surface itself.

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Bruton, Jared T., Todd G. Nelson, Trent K. Zimmerman, Janette D. Fernelius, Spencer P. Magleby, and Larry L. Howell. "Packing and deploying Soft Origami to and from cylindrical volumes with application to automotive airbags." Royal Society Open Science 3, no. 9 (2016): 160429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160429.

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Packing soft-sheet materials of approximately zero bending stiffness using Soft Origami (origami patterns applied to soft-sheet materials) into cylindrical volumes and their deployment via mechanisms or internal pressure (inflation) is of interest in fields including automobile airbags, deployable heart stents, inflatable space habitats, and dirigible and parachute packing. This paper explores twofold patterns, the ‘flasher’ and the ‘inverted-cone fold’, for packing soft-sheet materials into cylindrical volumes. Two initial packing methods and mechanisms are examined for each of the flasher and inverted-cone fold patterns. An application to driver’s side automobile airbags is performed, and deployment tests are completed to compare the influence of packing method and origami pattern on deployment performance. Following deployment tests, two additional packing methods for the inverted-cone fold pattern are explored and applied to automobile airbags. It is shown that modifying the packing method (using different methods to impose the same base pattern on the soft-sheet material) can lead to different deployment performance. In total, two origami patterns and six packing methods are examined, and the benefits of using Soft Origami patterns and packing methods are discussed. Soft Origami is presented as a viable method for efficiently packing soft-sheet materials into cylindrical volumes.

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Arfianto, Dony Hardika, and Subali Subali. "OTOMATISASI ALAT PENGEPAKAN PERMEN SKALA HOME INDUSTRI BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLER ATMEGA 8535." Gema Teknologi 17, no. 1 (2012): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/gt.v17i1.8911.

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Dony Hardika Arfianto, Subali, in paper candy automation packing at home industry use ATMEGA 8535 microcontroller explain that in this modernization era, almost all activity uses of automation, both in the industrial middle, upper and home industry. If the process of candy packing can be automated it will be very advantageous for industrial-scale home industry. This candy packaging automation systems using a microcontroller ATmega 8535. The tool consists of a sensor LDR as sensor packaging, the heater as a tool for plastics pressing, conveyor as a driver and microcontroller ATmega 8535 as the main controller. Microcontroller ATmega8535 is one of the artificial Atmel microcontroller that has many uses. Price microcontroller is relatively cheap nowadays, if viewed from its facilities. Keywords: packing, LDR sensor, heater, microcontroller ATmega8535

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Rhee, Wansoo T. "Tight bound of random interval packing." Journal of Applied Probability 35, no. 04 (1998): 990–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021900200016685.

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Consider n random intervals I 1, …, I N chosen by selecting endpoints independently from the uniform distribution. A packing of I 1, …, I N is a disjoint sub-collection of these intervals: its wasted space is the measure of the set of points not covered by the packing. We investigate the random variable W N equal to the smallest wasted space among all packings. Coffman, Poonen and Winkler proved that EW N is of order (log N)2/N. We provide a sharp estimate of log P(W N ≥ t (log N)2 / N) and log P(W N ≤ t (log N)2 / N) for all values of t.

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Courcobetis, Coastas, and Richard Weber. "Stability of On-Line Bin Packing with Random Arrivals and Long-Run-Average Constraints." Probability in the Engineering and Informational Sciences 4, no. 4 (1990): 447–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269964800001753.

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Items of various types arrive at a bin-packing facility according to random processes and are to be combined with other readily available items of different types and packed into bins using one of a number of possible packings. One might think of a manufacturing context in which randomly arriving subassemblies are to be combined with subassemblies from an existing inventory to assemble a variety of finished products. Packing must be done on-line; that is, as each item arrives, it must be allocated to a bin whose configuration of packing is fixed. Moreover, it is required that the packing be managed in such a way that the readily available items are consumed at predescribed rates, corresponding perhaps to optimal rates for manufacturing these items. At any moment, some number of bins will be partially full. In practice, it is important that the packing be managed so that the expected number of partially full bins remains uniformly bounded in time. We present a necessary and sufficient condition for this goal to be realized and describe an algorithm to achieve it.

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Martínez-Barrera, Gonzalo, Carlos E. Barrera-Díaz, Erick Cuevas-Yañez, et al. "Waste Cellulose from Tetra Pak Packages as Reinforcement of Cement Concrete." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/682926.

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The development of the packaging industry has promoted indiscriminately the use of disposable packing as Tetra Pak, which after a very short useful life turns into garbage, helping to spoil the environment. One of the known processes that can be used for achievement of the compatibility between waste materials and the environment is the gamma radiation, which had proved to be a good tool for modification of physicochemical properties of materials. The aim of this work is to study the effects of waste cellulose from Tetra Pak packing and gamma radiation on the mechanical properties of cement concrete. Concrete specimens were elaborated with waste cellulose at concentrations of 3, 5, and 7 wt% and irradiated at 200, 250, and 300 kGy of gamma dose. The results show highest improvement on the mechanical properties for concrete with 3 wt% of waste cellulose and irradiated at 300 kGy; such improvements were related with the surface morphology of fracture zones of cement concrete observed by SEM microscopy.

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Parameshwarappa Rajendra Patel, Gowrav M P, Borra Vamsi, and Hemanth kumar S. "A Review on Modern Drug Packaging in Pharmaceutical Industries." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 2 (2020): 1486–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i2.2022.

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Pharmaceutical packing is one of the markets throughout the world that is progressing at continuous pace. It’s predictable that market can grow to price $78.79 Billion by 2018. Packaging may be a key available for sale, protection and accomplishment. Like different grocery, prescribed drugs packaging got to be in such a fashion that it'll give quick packaging, safety, identification, goods superiority, patient safety, display and desires of security. Packaging is an art of science where several considerations are involved from the basic development of the design and the technology implemented to pack the product without any instability and providing protection, presentation and observance of manufactured goods during transportation, storage until it reaches the Consumed. Packaging technician design containers which would maintain the physiochemical, and biological stability about the drug and package would be able to withstand the pressures that would be inflicted the entire supply and transport process. Advancement in analysis of prescribed drugs development had perpetually being obsessed with the packaging skill. Maintaining truthfulness of prescribed drugs throughout storing, cargo and transport is guaranteed by quality of packing available. This current evaluation provides an in depth study of the pharmaceutical packaging trends and forecasting the packing outcomes in future.

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Orjuela-Castro, Javier Arturo, Milton Mauricio Herrera-Ramírez, and Wilson Adarme-Jaimes. "Warehousing and transportation logistics of mango in Colombia: A system dynamics model." Revista Facultad de Ingeniería 26, no. 44 (2017): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.19053/01211129.v26.n44.2017.5773.

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This paper evaluates the incidence of packing asymmetries, resulted from the use of heterogeneous packaging materials by different mango supply chain actors in Colombia, on performance measures of inventory, transportation, and quality. A system dynamics model was proposed based on the literature review on inventory and transportation logistics, the studies on asymmetries in supply chain, packing, and packaging, and the results of the characterization of the fruit chain logistics in various departments of Colombia from 2012 to 2013. We used the proposed model to test the following hypothesis: “The asymmetry in the packaging, derived from the actors’ individual management, creates inefficiencies that may be avoid if the packaging of the fruit is done thinking on the chain”. The developed simulation model allowed us to prove the proposed dynamic hypothesis. Forrester’s model includes four echelons for the supply chain: production, processing, wholesale, and retail, as well as warehousing, transportation and information.

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Dickinson, Ian. "‘Mind maps’: helping from pedagogy to packing." Trends in Urology & Men's Health 7, no. 4 (2016): 25–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tre.534.

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Baack, Bret R. "ENDOSCOPIC RETRIEVAL OF PACKING SPONGE FROM WOUND." Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery 97, Supplement (1996): 1081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-199604001-00042.

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Rohde, Steffen. "Oded Schramm: From circle packing to SLE." Annals of Probability 39, no. 5 (2011): 1621–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/10-aop590.

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Liu, Li, and Chao Ping Xing. "Packing superballs from codes and algebraic curves." Acta Mathematica Sinica, English Series 24, no. 1 (2008): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10114-007-1028-3.

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Steurer, Walter, and Sofia Deloudi. "Cluster packing from a higher dimensional perspective." Structural Chemistry 23, no. 4 (2011): 1115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11224-011-9864-2.

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Rogers, C. D. F., T. A. Dijkstra, and I. J. Smalley. "Particle packing from an earth science viewpoint." Earth-Science Reviews 36, no. 1-2 (1994): 59–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-8252(94)90008-6.

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Merentsov, Nikolay, Alexander Persidskiy, Vitaliy Lebedev, and Alexander Golovanchikov. "The use of industrial wastes from machine-building enterprises as packing materials for small-sized absorbers for gas emissions purification." MATEC Web of Conferences 298 (2019): 00031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929800031.

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The paper covers the prospects to use industrial wastes from machine-building enterprises, appearing while machining various steel grades, as packing materials for industrial absorbers for environmental cleaning processes of gas emissions. The article provides obtained and processed in the criterial way experimental data in hydrodynamics of a packing material sample from metal working machines wastes appearing while treating Aisi 316Ti steel bars; packing material according to the classification method for processing experimental data λ=f(Rem) is oriented to the absorption process during selective gas cleaning in environmental equipment. The authors have compared the studied packing material to the packing that are widely used in industries. The authors have studied the main experimentally confirmed hydrodynamic effects indicating the high efficiency of the proposed packing material. The authors have made calculations for a small-sized industrial absorber for cleaning gas emissions with the use of the studied packing material.

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Duneau, Michel, and Marc Audier. "Quasiperiodic packings of fibres with icosahedral symmetry." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 55, no. 4 (1999): 746–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767399001142.

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Different icosahedral packings of fibres have been experimentally realized. A packing construction with straight fibres of the same circular cross section, only parallel to fivefold icosahedral axes and respecting the closest packing condition, is reported. Its characteristics of point-group symmetry and related two-dimensional tilings are analysed. But for determining unambiguously all the fibre positions it appears that a mathematical construction has to be made from the cut and projection of a five-dimensional space. Through such a method, the volume fraction of fibrous reinforcement in a composite material can be calculated. The related two-dimensional tiling can be proved to be different from a Penrose tiling. Finally, the characteristics of other icosahedral packings where fibres are parallel to threefold axes or to both threefold and fivefold axes are briefly discussed and a few further experiments on their elasticity properties and photonic band-gap structure are suggested.

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Molnár, Emil, and Jenő Szirmai. "Top dense hyperbolic ball packings and coverings for complete coxeter orthoscheme groups." Publications de l'Institut Math?matique (Belgrade) 103, no. 117 (2018): 129–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pim1817129m.

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In n-dimensional hyperbolic space Hn (n > 2), there are three types of spheres (balls): the sphere, horosphere and hypersphere. If n = 2, 3 we know a universal upper bound of the ball packing densities, where each ball?s volume is related to the volume of the corresponding Dirichlet-Voronoi (D-V) cell. E.g., in H3 a densest (not unique) horoball packing is derived from the {3,3,6} Coxeter tiling consisting of ideal regular simplices T? reg with dihedral angles ?/3. The density of this packing is ??3 ? 0.85328 and this provides a very rough upper bound for the ball packing densities as well. However, there are no ?essential" results regarding the ?classical" ball packings with congruent balls, and for ball coverings either. The goal of this paper is to find the extremal ball arrangements in H3 with ?classical balls". We consider only periodic congruent ball arrangements (for simplicity) related to the generalized, so-called complete Coxeter orthoschemes and their extended groups. In Theorems 1.1 and 1.2 we formulate also conjectures for the densest ball packing with density 0.77147... and the loosest ball covering with density 1.36893..., respectively. Both are related with the extended Coxeter group (5,3,5) and the so-called hyperbolic football manifold. These facts can have important relations with fullerenes in crystallography.

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Wang, Haijun, Xiaogang Sun, Jianwen Wang, et al. "Effect of Tailings Fine Content on the Properties of Cemented Paste Backfill from the Perspective Packing Density." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (June 1, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9947620.

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In order to quantitatively study the influence of tailings fine content on the properties of cemented paste backfill (CPB) and further understand the mechanism of tailings fine content acting, the concept of packing density was introduced in this study. The packing density of each tailings sample was measured by the wet packing method after the samples with various fine contents were prepared. Moreover, CPBs with different tailings fine contents were tested by the mini slump test, rheological test, uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) test, and mercury intrusion porosimetry test. The results demonstrated that the flow spread and UCS both increase first and then decrease with the increase of tailings fine content, while the yield stress shows an opposite trend. The fine content of tailings affects the flowability of fresh CPB mainly through the packing density. When the fine content is high, the influence of the specific surface area of tailings cannot be ignored. The packing density is an important factor affecting the strength of CPB, and there is an obvious linear relationship between the packing density and UCS. The pore structure of CPB samples with different tailing fine contents is significantly different, and the macroscopic packing density changes the strength of CPB by affecting the microscopic pores.

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Xu, Li, Xinrui Miao, Lihua Cui, Pei Liu, XiaoFeng Chen, and Wenli Deng. "Concentration-dependent structure and structural transition from chirality to nonchirality at the liquid–solid interface by coassembly." Nanoscale 7, no. 27 (2015): 11734–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5nr03142g.

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The structural transition from a chiral loose-packing to nonchiral close-packing pattern by one building block was pursued by changing the solution concentration and codependent molecule–solvent interactions.

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Wang, Chengliang, Huanli Dong, Hongxiang Li, Huaping Zhao, Qing Meng, and Wenping Hu. "Dibenzothiophene Derivatives: From Herringbone to Lamellar Packing Motif." Crystal Growth & Design 10, no. 9 (2010): 4155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cg100863q.

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Vance, Stephanie. "Improved sphere packing lower bounds from Hurwitz lattices." Advances in Mathematics 227, no. 5 (2011): 2144–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aim.2011.04.016.

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Kunz, Seraina M., David Holzmann, Yves Waser, Christian Meerwein, Marcel Deggeller, and Michael B. Soyka. "Does Length Matter? A Comparison of Rapid Rhino™ Nasal Packings for the Treatment of Epistaxis." American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy 33, no. 6 (2019): 723–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1945892419864799.

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Background Epistaxis is the most common otorhinolaryngologic emergency around the world. A broad variety of treatment options is available; ranging from conservative measures such as cauterization and nasal packings to surgery. For posterior epistaxis, nasal packings are usually the preferred initial treatment method. There are 2 different models of the widely used Rapid Rhino™ packing available at our department; the 7.5 cm, single-lumen, and the 9 cm, double-lumen variant with 2 separately inflatable balloons. Identifying whether one packing is superior to the other will help with the choice of the best possible treatment. Objective The goal of this study was to determine whether the new, double-lumen model had advantages compared to its shorter counterpart. Methods All patients treated with Rapid Rhino™ packings for spontaneous epistaxis between December 2005 and October 2017 were analyzed for various parameters such as recurrence rates, hospitalization rate, and duration of in-patient stay. The groups were divided by model and whether patients were treated before or after the introduction of the double-lumen version (December 2010). Results A total of 865 cases of patients treated with Rapid Rhino™ packs were analyzed. Before December 2010, 210 of 372 cases (56%) were hospitalized, whereas afterwards it was only 48% (235/493; P = .01). The duration of the in-patient stay decreased from 3.7 to 3.1 days ( P < .01). There was no difference in recurrence rates. Conclusion The introduction of the double-lumen, 9 cm Rapid Rhino™ packing has led to a decrease of in-patient time and to less hospitalizations. Therefore, it should be preferred to the shorter, single-lumen model in the treatment of posterior epistaxis.

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Завертанний, Б. С., О. П. Манойленко та О. О. Акимов. "ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ВПЛИВУ ЗМІЩЕННЯ ПАКУВАННЯ ВЗДОВЖ ОСІ БОБІНОТРИМАЧА НА КРИТИЧНІ ШВИДКОСТІ". Bulletin of the Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design. Technical Science Series 144, № 2 (2020): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/1813-6796.2020.2.1.

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Creation of a mathematical model of the mechanism of winding of rewinding machines, research of influence of size of shift of packing on critical speeds and development of recommendations for the decision of the set task. Method. When working out the thread for packaging, high-speed winding mechanisms are subject to high requirements, both for the quality of the resulting packaging and for the speed of the bobbin holder. When installing the spool on the spool holder, it is possible to shift it in the axial direction from the design position, which leads to a change in the position of the center of mass of the package with the spool, and in accordance with changes in dynamic loads on the spool holder. Therefore, there is a need to determine the magnitude of the impact of the displacement of the package along the axis of the bobbin holder on the operating speeds of the equipment and the quality of the resulting packages. In the winding process, the placement of the package on the bobbin holder of the winding mechanism of the rewinding machine plays an important role. The displacement of the center of mass of the package affects both the operating speed of the equipment and the quality of the package. In rewinding machines, a mechanism for controlling the thickness of the package is installed, which controls the speed processes during winding. When the coil is shifted towards the top of the cone, incomplete packing (less weight) is developed. When shifted to the side opposite the top of the packing cone, on the contrary, the weight of the packing increases. In addition, the magnitude of the displacement of the package affects the dynamic loads of the winding mechanism. Results. The influence of the magnitude of the packing displacement along the axis of the bobbin holder on the critical speeds of the winding mechanism and the quality of packing is determined. Scientific novelty. The study and analysis of the influence of the magnitude of the displacement of the bobbin with packaging on the critical speeds of the winding mechanism are conducted. The magnitude of the influence of the position of the masses of the center of the coil with packing relative to the bobbin holder on the value of the critical speeds of the winding mechanism is determined. The obtained results allow to control the range of working speeds of the winding mechanism depending on the parameters of the position of the spool on the spool holder, which can be used to adjust the speed of the winding process when packing the spool and make changes when designing the rewinding equipment. The method of determining the maximum possible speeds in the process of rewinding textile material on rewinding machines with direct drive of the bobbin, taking into account the position of the bobbin on the bobbin holder, which can be used in the design of new mechanisms or modernization of existing ones. Practical significance. A dynamic model of the winding mechanism has been developed. The magnitude of the influence of packing displacement on critical speeds is shown. Methods and designs for improving the quality of packaging and stable operation of equipment are proposed.

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Nezamabadi, Saeid, Farhang Radjai, Serge Mora, Jean-Yves Delenne, and Mojtaba Ghadiri. "Rheology of soft granular materials: uniaxial compression." EPJ Web of Conferences 249 (2021): 05008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202124905008.

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Soft granular materials are assemblies of highly deformable grains interacting via surface forces. The large grain deformations of these materials differ them from hard granular systems, in which, their behaviors are essentially governed by grain rearrangements. In this paper, we study the uniaxial compression of soft granular materials using a numerical approach based on the Material Point Method allowing for large grain deformations, coupled with the Contact Dynamics method for the treatment of unilateral frictional contacts between grains. Considering the neo-Hookean and elasto-plastic grains, the compaction of 2D soft granular packings is analyzed. We focus essentially on the evolution of the packing vertical stress as a function of the packing fraction and the predictive models are proposed.

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Nurpita, Anisa. "Pelatihan Pengepakan Produk Minyak Kelapa dan Arang Tempurung Kelapa Untuk Meningkatkan Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Produktif di Desa Purwoharjo, Kecamatan Samigaluh, Kabupaten Kulon Progo." Jurnal Pengabdian dan Pengembangan Masyarakat 1, no. 2 (2018): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jp2m.43475.

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The title of this Community Service activity is: "Packing Training for Coconut Oil Products and Coconut Shell Charcoal to Improve Productive Economic Empowerment in Purwoharjo Village, Samigaluh District, Kulon Progo Regency. This activity was carried out by conducting training using a plastic press machine. Training on packing coconut oil and coconut charcoal products took place on Saturday, August 19, 2017 in the Purwoharjo Village Hall, Samigaluh District, Kulon Progo Regency, attended by 40 people, consisting of resource persons, lecturers and students. The results that can be achieved from this activity are 1.) Providing product packing expertise to community members who have the ability to produce coconut oil and coconut shell charcoal products in Purwoharjo Village, 2.) Applying product packaging expertise to community members who have the ability to produce coconut oil and coconut shell charcoal products in Purwoharjo Village.

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Beck, J., and F. Wolf. "Three New Polymorphic Forms of Molybdenum Pentachloride." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 53, no. 6 (1997): 895–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108768197008331.

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Three new polymorphic modifications of molybdenum pentachloride could be obtained by solvothermal syntheses in CCl4 and SbCl5 as solvents. The structures have been solved by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The already known structure of monoclinic \alpha-MoCl5 (C2/m) is not isomorphous with \alpha-NbCl5 and is better derived from the closest packing of Cl atoms of the Sm type with molybdenum occupying 1/5 of the octahedral holes. The triclinic structure of \beta-MoCl5 (P\overline 1) can be derived from hexagonal closest packing. The orthorhombic structure of \gamma-MoCl5 (Pnma) and the monoclinic structure of \delta-MoCl5 (P21/c) can both be derived from double-hexagonal closest packing. All four forms of MoCl5 have in common the discrete Mo2Cl10 moieties built from edge-sharing double octahedra with the metal atoms displaced from the octahedron centres away from each other. The differences between the modifications lie in the different stacking sequences of the close-packed Cl-atom layers and the different occupation of the octahedral interstices. This is reflected in the group–subgroup relationships of the space groups of the closest packings and the molybdenum pentachlorides. X-ray powder diffraction shows that sublimed MoCl5 is a mixture of all four modifications in variable amounts and probably a further unknown form.

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Prybytak, P., W. J. Frith, and D. J. Cleaver. "Hierarchical self-assembly of chiral fibres from achiral particles." Interface Focus 2, no. 5 (2012): 651–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2011.0104.

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We investigate, by molecular dynamics simulation, the behaviour of discotic particles in a solvent of Lennard-Jones spheres. When chromonic disc–sphere interactions are imposed on these systems, three regimes of self-assembly are observed. At moderate temperatures, numerous short threads of discs develop, but these threads remain isolated from one another. Quenching to low temperatures, alternatively, causes all of the discs to floc into a single extended aggregate which typically comprises several distinct sections and contains numerous packing defects. For a narrow temperature range between these regimes, however, defect-free chiral fibres are found to freely self-assemble. The spontaneous chirality of these fibres results from frustration between the hexagonal packing and interdigitation of neighbouring threads, the pitch being set by the particle shape. This demonstration of aggregate-wide chirality emerging owing to packing alone is pertinent to many biological and synthetic hierarchically self-assembling systems.

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Krey, Jocelyn F., Evan S. Krystofiak, Rachel A. Dumont, et al. "Plastin 1 widens stereocilia by transforming actin filament packing from hexagonal to liquid." Journal of Cell Biology 215, no. 4 (2016): 467–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201606036.

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With their essential role in inner ear function, stereocilia of sensory hair cells demonstrate the importance of cellular actin protrusions. Actin packing in stereocilia is mediated by cross-linkers of the plastin, fascin, and espin families. Although mice lacking espin (ESPN) have no vestibular or auditory function, we found that mice that either lacked plastin 1 (PLS1) or had nonfunctional fascin 2 (FSCN2) had reduced inner ear function, with double-mutant mice most strongly affected. Targeted mass spectrometry indicated that PLS1 was the most abundant cross-linker in vestibular stereocilia and the second most abundant protein overall; ESPN only accounted for ∼15% of the total cross-linkers in bundles. Mouse utricle stereocilia lacking PLS1 were shorter and thinner than wild-type stereocilia. Surprisingly, although wild-type stereocilia had random liquid packing of their actin filaments, stereocilia lacking PLS1 had orderly hexagonal packing. Although all three cross-linkers are required for stereocilia structure and function, PLS1 biases actin toward liquid packing, which allows stereocilia to grow to a greater diameter.

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Negi, Lalita, Ashutosh Shrivastava, and Dinabandhu Das. "Switching from positive to negative axial thermal expansion in two organic crystalline compounds with similar packing." Chemical Communications 54, no. 76 (2018): 10675–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cc05859h.

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Switching from positive to negative axial thermal expansion was observed in two organic crystalline compounds with similar crystal packing. This unusual phenomenon has been explained by the packing arrangement of molecules in the crystal structure and transverse thermal vibrations of atoms.

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Journal articles on the topic 'From packing'

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