Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Fromage – Affinage'
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Agioux, Laure. "Conception et validation d'un outil d'aide à l'estimation de l'état sensoriel des fromages en cours d'affinage : Application à l'affinage d'un fromage à pâte molle et à croûte fleurie." Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INAP0010.
Full textCheese ripening is a food process not highly automated, for which the quality of the final products depends on the know-how and the skills of the cheese maker. In regards to this concept, the work conducted aimed at bringing information to the cheese maker, about ripening states of a soft mould cheese. Data about the know-how and sensory techniques used by expert cheese makers were collected. In parallel, sensory and physico-chemical data were measured on a regular basis in a cellar under controlled laboratory conditions: ambient temperature, relative humidity and constant ventilation. The data collected enabled to develop a computer model to help the cheese maker estimating the sensory states of cheeses during ripening. This model is based on two concepts:- a computer program developed using the expertise of cheese makers and a fuzzy symbolic approach, that enable estimating ripening state obtained from sensory data. - a combination of multiple linear regressions and neural networks which gives non-direct sensory data obtained from physico-chemical data. The combination of both concepts brings satisfactory estimation of the remaining ripening time required. Estimated data were compared to experimental data collected under controlled laboratory conditions and under traditional cellar's conditions to validate the model. In 70 % of the analysis conducted, the estimated remaining time is similar to the experimental one, with a 2 days standard deviation - when a 4 days standard deviation is used, the similarity rate between both the estimated and experimental remaining times increases to 93 %
Freitas, Isabelle de. "Variabilité et impact de la flore levure dans l’affinage du fromage AOC Cantal au lait cru." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NSARB176.
Full textCantal is the second French Protected Denomination of Origin cheese, half is made of raw milk. The statutory context and the poor literature existing about this traditional cheese (which cheesemaking process is similar to Cheddar one) have led to this thesis work whose objectives were 1/ to establish a reference work about the Cantal characteristics, 2/ to analyse the variability (quantity and quality) of yeast flora in the raw milk and the cheese and, 3/ to estimate their specific contribution to Cantal maturing. In this intention, biochemical physiochemical, microbiological and molecular (PCR-TTGE) methods have been used to characterize the composition, minerals balance, proteolysis, lipolysis, aroma compounds and the ecosystem during cheesemaking and maturing of commercial Cantal and experimental one made of microfiltered milk with added yeasts. This work allowed to detect the key stages in the cheesemaking and the maturing of Cantal, to adapt the PCR-TTGE method to yeast flora, to highlight the potential role of yeast flora in the raw milk Cantal variability and finally, to confirm the role of Kluyveromyces lactis in the aroma compounds formation (alcohols, esters and ramified compounds) resulting in olfactory differences in cheeses. The Cantal cheese and the in situ activity of yeasts better knowledge allow envisaging the selection of a yeasts composed starter which could favour the organoleptic qualities (texture and aroma) mastery of Cantal. Moreover, in depth exploration about activity mechanisme of yeasts could make possible to extend their utilisation to other cheeses
Sénéchal, Charlyne. "Optimisation des conditions de fabrication fromagère et d'affinage pour l'obtention d'un fromage de type Chester enrichi en acide gamma aminobutyrique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/30365.
Full textDuthoit, Frédérique. "Dynamique des communautés microbiennes du fromage d'A. O. C. Salers par analyse Single-Strand Conformation Polymorphism : lien avec les caractéristiques sensorielles des fromages." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CLF21453.
Full textLe, Page Jean-François. "Interaction entre microenvironnement gazeux et évolution physicochimique des fromages au cours de l'affinage." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CLF21919.
Full textCholet, Orianne. "Etude de l'écosystème fromager par une approche biochimique et moléculaire." Phd thesis, INAPG (AgroParisTech), 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003111.
Full textCicco, Ange de. "Modélisation informatique des conditions de fabrication du fromage corse afin d’établir le processus d’affinage pour obtenir un produit donné." Corte, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CORTA001.
Full textDemarigny, Yann. "Rôle de la flore naturelle du lait cru et de paramètres technologiques (teneur en sel et température d'affinage) sur l'évolution des caractéristiques biochimiques, microbiologiques et sensorielles des fromages a pâte pressée cuite." Dijon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DIJO5003.
Full textMartin, del Campo Barba Sandra. "Identification des paramètres d'authenticité du lait et produits laitiers." Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INAP0023.
Full textJaquemet, Gabrielle. "Sélection et génomique de souches naturelles provenant de fromages du Québec. Génomique comparative de Staphylococcus equorum." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66555.
Full textThe natural microbiota of cheese has often been characterized to study their potential participation in the development of sensorial properties (taste, odour, texture) of the ripened cheeses. A better understanding of their role during cheese ripening is therefore essential in order to have a better control of its quality. Few in-depth genomic analyzes have been carried out on microorganisms of the natural microflora of cheese (non-inoculated microorganisms), while there is a greater interest for inoculated ferments. The genes possessed by bacterial strains of the Quebec terroir can be revealed by the characterization of their complete genome, leading to the prediction of the associated metabolic pathways. This also allows the establishment of the individual contribution of each strain to the production of aromatic compounds. As part of this work, the complete genome of four strains of Staphylococcus equorum were sequenced. Then, a detailed analysis of the genome of these four strains was completed by their assembly and the functional annotation of the ~ 2700 genes predicted in each of the studied strains. Genes potentially implicated in proteolysis, lipolysis and lactose degradation, were found in all S. equorum strains, revealing their potential metabolisms important for cheese. Several interesting attributes of S. equorum were also identified by comparative genomic analyses. First, the relation in between the phylogenetic grouping and the source of isolation of the strains, indicates a possible adaptation of the strains to their ecological niche. The presence of unique or barely shared genes is also a distinguishable characteristic of the studied strains and can have an impact on the metabolisms of the strains. The characterization of the genome of S. equorum strains and the phylogenomic analyzes have provided new information on their role in cheese and clues about their metabolic potential. The genomic data collected will allow during future validations the selection of strains with desirable properties in function of cheese variety to yield cheeses of optimal quality.
Klein-Ibled, Nathalie. "Enzymes d'affinage et levains atténués : potentialités de Lactobacillus helveticus et Kluyveromyces lactis." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NSARB130.
Full textAlbert, Véronique. "Optimisation de la méthode SIGEX pour l'identification d'opérons cataboliques exprimés lors de l'affinage du fromage Cheddar." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27681/27681.pdf.
Full textAlkhalaf, Walid. "Utilisation de liposomes comme vecteurs de protéases pour l'accélération de l'affinage du fromage : comparaison avec l'addition de protéases libres." Compiègne, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989COMPD167.
Full textThe possibility of accelerated cheese ripening through addition of proteinases (Rulactine or Neutrase) to cheese milk promoted early protoleolysis that would reduce yield, a modification of texture of the curd, accumulate bitter peptides and a considerable amount of the enzyme added to the milk was lost to the whey. The accelerated cheese ripening through addition of liposome entrapped proteinase to milk was investigated. Both enzyme encapsulation rate in liposomes and their retention in cheese were evaluated with multilamellar vesicles (MLV), small unilamellar vesicles (SUV) and reverse-phase evaporation (REV). Using REV in Saint-Paulin type curd, no nitrogen loss was observed to the whey due to the added enzyme in liposomes. In cheese, REV produced a more progressive protreolysis during ripening than MLV did. REV addition did not lead to texture defects. Bitterness development, a critical defect in enzyme added cheese, could be delayed and minimized using REV
Revah, Sergio. "Contribution à l'étude de la production accélérée d'arômes fromages à partir de caillés granulaires." Compiègne, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986COMPD041.
Full textThe utilisation of the granular curds (GC) as substrate per cheese flavors production allows a better control of the fermentation conditions by reducing the diffusional restrictions that might be found in cheese. We have applied this technique to produce : emmental cheese flavour by the fermentation on GC and in slurry with lactic and propionic acid bacteria, we have studied the effect at initial pH, type of milk, temperature additives, type of inoculation, salt concentration and enzyme addition on microbial and flavour development ; blue cheese flavour by cultivation of penicillium roqueforti and lactic bacteria on GC, we have studied the influence of the type of milk, strains salt concentration and of the addition of lipolized cream and enzymes on the evolution of the substrate and the production of aromatic compounds. Characteristics flavors were obtained in 6 to 9 days for the first and in 4 to 6 days for the second), which represents a considerable reduction in ripening time as compared to the traditional methods. In the first fermentation with GC gives better results than the slurry and in both cases, enzyme addition increases flavour strength. In the second, we have developed products with carbonyl concentrations that are 8 to 10 times higher than those found in blue cheese with lipase or lipolized cream coating of the GC
Feurer, Carole. "Caractérisation taxonomique et dynamique de la flore bactérienne de surface de munsters : rôle antagoniste d'isolats corynéformes issus de la flore résiliente contre Listeria." Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INAP0021.
Full textVignola, Stéphanie. "La levure Geotrichum candidum, diversité et applications en fromagerie." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28366.
Full textGeotrichum candidum is a dimorphic yeast which plays several important roles within the surface microbial ecosystem of mold- and smear-ripened cheeses. Its various abilities, in particular those of alkalinization and production of aromatic compounds in cheeses are, however, recognized to be strain-dependent. Few studies have been carried out on the genetics of the species G. candidum, although this kind of information would be very useful in order to optimize the production of ripening cultures used in different types of surface ripened cheeses. In this project, the complete genomes of 11 Geotrichum/Galactomyces spp. strains isolated from dairy products or the environment were sequenced. Furthermore, in order to have a complete characterization of the strains, their morphology and their ability to grow in presence of different carbon sources, at 35°C, and in soft-cheese model curds were tested. Our results showed divergence between the genomic sequences of Geotrichum spp. and Galactomyces spp. strains, leading to the distinction of the different species studied and to the identification of different sub-groups among the G. candidum species that are consistent with those established in a previous study using Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST). Differences were also observed between Geotrichum spp. strains for their morphology, their ability to metabolize different carbon sources, and their alkalinisation and proteolytic activities on soft-cheese model curd. The genome sequencing and the phenotypic characterization of the Geotrichum spp. strains provide new information about their characteristics and behavior in different media. This work is therefore of great importance to perform a better selection of G. candidum strains for the development and improvement of surface ripened cheeses.
Riahi, Mohamed Haythem. "ModÉlisation de phÉnomÈnes microbiologiques, biochimiques et physico-chimiques intervenant lors de l'affinage d'un fromage de type pÂte molle croÛte lavÉe." Phd thesis, INAPG (AgroParisTech), 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003114.
Full textAziza, Majda Amina. "Études physiologiques et cinétiques de "geotrichum candidum" et "Penicillium camembertii" cultivés en bioréacteur sur milieux synthétiques." Rennes 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REN1S001.
Full textLessard, Marie-Hélène. "Le suivi de la croissance et de l'activité spécifique des mycètes pendant l'affinage du Camembert." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30731/30731.pdf.
Full textCamembert cheese is characterised by a fungal microbiota which forms a complex surface ecosystem that has been little studied until now. Monitoring growth and activity during the ripening period remains a challenge. This ecosystem is mainly composed of Geotrichum candidum and Penicillium camemberti, but other yeasts such as Kluyveromyces lactis and Debaryomyces hansenii may be present. All these Fungi are responsible for the appearance and the development of typical sensory characteristics of mold ripened cheeses that develop during the ripening period and are therefore of technological interest for the cheese industry. Despite their importance, little work has focused on the in-depth study of this ecosystem. Given the filamentous and invasive nature of multicellular Fungi, traditional microbiological methods on agar medium are imprecise. A real time PCR (qPCR) has therefore been developed for the monitoring of mixed cultures containing the most common fungi (P. camemberti, G. candidum, D. hansenii and K. lactis) for the ripening of Soft Cheese Model Curds (SCMC). The results show that P. camemberti and G. candidum quickly dominate the ecosystem while K. lactis remains less abundant. When D. hansenii is added to the ripening culture, the growth of all other Fungi is reduced, except for K. lactis which is completely inhibited. General knowledge concerning these Fungi consist mostly on biochemical data, and genetic information carried by P. camemberti and G. candidum are poorly described. Moreover, their expression profiles during ripening are still unknown. CamemBank01 and its almost 8000 genes is then the first transcriptomic study concerning these fungi. Functional annotation of the sequences obtained revealed that the predominant functions found in CamemBank01 were associated with the development of the sensory properties and that these functions were expressed mainly within the first two weeks of ripening. The results presented in this work suggest that numerous genes expressed during Camembert ripening could be potential biomarkers. Future work should focus on better understanding the activity of these fungi and allow optimal use of ripening cultures.
Tableau d'honneur de la FÉSP
Cholet, Oriane. "Etude de l'écosystème fromager par une approche biochimique et moléculaire." Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INAP0032.
Full textLe, Bourhis Anne-Gaëlle. "La contamination en Clostridia et ses conséquences sur la qualité de l'emmental, du comté et du fromage de Beaufort." Compiègne, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005COMP1618.
Full textThe clostridial spores present in raw milk can be at the origin of unwanted fermentations during the ripening process of hard-cooked-cheeses and hard-cheeses. The organoleptic qualities and aspect of cheeses are strongly affected by the metabolism of these bacteria, entailing the economic loss of the product value. The objectives of this work were to acquire a better knowledge of the variety of clostridial-strains in hard-cooked-cheeses, to develop a tool of fast detection allowing the specific characterization of Clostridia in milk and cheeses, and finally, to estimate their influence on the quality of cheeses during the ripening process
Morgant-Regnault, Thérèse. "Production d'arômes fromagers par accélération de l'affinage sur des substrats traditionnels et de substitution." Compiègne, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989COMPD166.
Full textIf cheese is tasted chiefly as a finished product, it inserts also in various food mixtures as an additive. Nowadays, traditionnal or processed cheeses are used for these applications and are expensive. Indeed, the storage during ripening involves important financial immobilisations. Therefore, the aim of our work concerns the production of cheese flavours by accelerated ripening, with three fermentation substrates : the granular curd and the slurry, both resulting from tradtionnal manufacture ; a medium reconstituded with casein. Typical Emmentaler cheese flavours have been obtained with granular curd and slurry in respectively 7-9 days and 5-7 days. The third substrate show a characteristic volatile Emmentaler flavour but the product is distasteful. The aromatization of the granular curd for Blue and Camembert aroma is proving very satisfying in 5-7 days. Moreover, lipase addition in Blue granular curd, increases the flavour intensity 5 fold compared to commercial cheese. These good results have given rise to a concrete semi-industrial application and, a vacuum drying process has allowed a stabilisation of our flavoured products
Pajonk, Alain. "Étude expérimentale et modélisation des transferts d'eau, de NaCl et de chaleur au cours du ressuyage, du saumurage et de l'affinage de l'Emmental." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO10228.
Full textDeetae, Pawinee. "Rôles de "Proteus vulgaris" et d'autres bactéries d'affinage peu étudiées sur la production des arômes du fromage." Paris, AgroParisTech, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AGPT0037.
Full textUnderstanding the microbial ecology of the cheeses is essential to the manufacture of a product with a consistent level of quality and safety. Certain surface bacteria of soft cheeses including Gram-negative, commonly present in cheeses, are often regarded as undesirable contaminants and indicators of hygiene problems. The role of these bacteria during the ripening of the cheese has not been studied to a great extent. The main objective of this work is to study the contribution of surface ripened bacteria, especially those with Gram-negative, to the development of aroma compounds of surface ripened cheeses, especially volatile sulphur compounds. For so, in the first part of this work, the screening of surface ripened bacteria (27 strains of 5 Gram-positive and 2 Gram-negative), isolated from different surface ripened French cheeses, has been implemented through a sensory evaluation and thiol production colorimetric test. These two tests led us to select 12 strains with a potential to produce volatile sulphur compounds in orderto make further studies in a synthetic medium: identification and comparison of volatile compounds by GC-MS and enzymatic assays. Our results have shown that the potential of production of aroma compounds depends on the genus, species and strains of bacteria. Ln fact, the production of aromas depends directly on their enzymatic activities. Among the bacteria studied "P. Vulgaris", a gram-negative bacteria, had the highest capacity not only to produce volatile sulphur compounds but also branched chain aldehydes and alcohols, which are important compounds for the aromatic characteristics of surface ripened cheeses. The deep studies on the characteristics and behavior of "P. Vulgaris" in a cheese ecosystem on a model cheese during ripening were achieved. Our results showed that "P. Vulgaris" developed and colonized on a cheese surface. This bacteria grew after two weeks of maturation and became one of the dominant species accounting for 37% of total isolates in the end of ripening with a biomass of 9. 21o910 ufc. G-1. Ln the presence of "P. Vulgaris", the concentrations of "Arthrobacter arilaitensis", "Brevibacterium aurantiacum" and Hafnia alvei decreased significantly. Ln addition, this bacterium had an influence on the aroma compounds productions of surface ripenend cheese such as branched chain-alcohols and aldehydes. "P. Vulgaris" is the only one, among the bacteria studied, that are capable to grow in anaerobic condition. Therefore, the production of aroma compounds in a partial anaerobic condition have been investigated. Our results haveshown that this bacterium can produce aroma compounds in a partial anaerobic condition, which participate to the characteristics of surface ripened cheeses. But the concentrations produced were much lower than the aerobic conditions. Ln addition, anaerobic conditions led to the production of H2S, which may give taint to cheeses. At the same time, this bacterium is the only one, among the bacteria studied, which is capable to produce the 1-methoxy-3-methylbutane not only in both synthetic medium but also in a cheese. Little is known about this compound. So the smell of this compound and its origin were studied. Our results have shown that 1-methoxy-3- methylbutane gave ether odor and its origin were the leucine and methionine. This compound could participate to the characteristic odour of surface ripened cheese. Our Work has shown that some common but rarely mention bacteria like gram negative bacteria, commonly present on the cheese, participate to the production of cheese flavor
Bustillo, Armendariz Gustavo Rodolfo. "Obtention des flaveurs fromagères Bleu et Emmental par accélération de l'affinage sur caillé granulaire obtenu à partir de lait reconstitué concentré et par fermentation solide sur un substrat de substitution." Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMPD478.
Full textRiahi, Mohamed Haythem. "Modélisation de phénomènes microbiologiques, biochimiques et physicochimiques intervenant lors de l'affinage d'un fromage de type pâte molle croûte lavée." Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INAP0038.
Full textKaroui, Romdhane. "Contribution à l'étude des propriétés rhéologiques et à la détermination de l'origine géographique des fromages aux moyens des méthodes spectroscopiques et chimiométriques." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CLF22509.
Full textMariani, Claire. "Ecologie microbienne des biofilms présents à la surface des planches d'affinage en bois de l'AOC "Reblochon de Savoie" et effet inhibiteur vis à vis de Listeria monocytogenes." Phd thesis, ENSIA (AgroParisTech), 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005194.
Full textMartin, del Campo Barba Sandra Teresita. "Identification des paramètres d'authenticité du lait et des produits laitiers." Phd thesis, INAPG (AgroParisTech), 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002659.
Full textLira, Gondim Francisco Atila de. "Renforcement des propriétés organoleptiques d'un fromage à pâte pressée brésilien COALHO DO CEARA à l'aide de la lipase-estérase de Rhizomucor miehei." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPL055N.
Full textHernández, Galán Leticia. "Potentiel des écosystèmes microbiens fromagers pour la formation de peptides bioactifs, et effets dûs aux matrices laitières sur la survie des microorganismes d´intérêt fromager au cours de la digestion." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLA015.
Full textThis thesis was realized to respond to two particular objectives a) to determine the presence of bioactive peptides with activities as antioxidants and inhibitors of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) in Mexican cheeses; and b), to observe the effect of composition and structure of dairy matrices in survival of dairy microorganism through digestion. Two Mexican cheeses were analyzed separately: Cotija cheeses ripened 6 months; and Fresh goat cheese (unripened) produced from raw and pasteurized milk. Studied cheeses had important antioxidant activity that was higher in fractions with smaller peptides. Young Cotija cheese had similar values than Fresh goat cheese. But activity increased throughout ripening (because of the production of soluble peptides). Milk pasteurization (Fresh goat cheeses) did not affect the antioxidant activity. This activity was correlated with the hydrophilic peptides. Also, both cheeses possess ACE inhibitor activity that was higher in Fresh goat cheese than in young Cotija cheese. This inhibitor activity was more correlated with the hydrophobic peptides. Pasteurization of Fresh goat cheeses increased the production of hydrophobic peptides. The release of bioactive peptides in cheeses has always been considered as dependent of the proteolysis caused by cheese microbiota. Some of these microorganisms are capable to survive digestion. It has been hypothesized that the presence of a food matrix could enhance their resistance through digestion.We measured the viability of three dairy microorganisms; Streptococcus thermophilus, Brevibacterium aurantiacum and Hafnia alvei during (in vitro and in vivo) digestion. Microorganisms were included in liquid and gel dairy matrices with and without fat: Skim milk (SM), whole milk (WM), rennet gel of skim milk (GSM) and rennet gel of whole milk (GWM). In vitro digestion was carried on with a dynamic digester (DIDGI) that simulated the stomach, duodenum and small intestine. Parameters of digestion were the same for all the matrices tested. The degradation of the dairy matrices through in vitro digestion was analyzed by electrophoreses and GC-Mass. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was performed to observe matrix microstructure.During in vitro digestion, the microorganisms had different survival rates; S. thermophilus was highly sensitive to gastric stress, and was not found in the duodenal compartment. B. auranticum was moderately sensitive to gastric stress but resistant to duodenal stress. H. alvei was highly resistant to both stresses. Despite its buffer capacity, we did not observe any effect of the dairy matrices on microorganisms survival. CLSM images, probed the effect of low pH on microorganisms survival. However our in vivo analyses failed to confirm in vitro observations and tested microorganisms were not detected
Acerbi, Filippo. "Comprehensive study of CO2 production and transfer in foil ripened semi-hard cheese." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT109.
Full textCO2 is an end product of numerous metabolic pathways of the cheese microflora taking place during ripening. This gaseous compound can affect the final quality of most cheeses, depending on its ability to diffuse and dissolve in both their water and fat phase. For example, CO2 is considered as the driving force for eye growth in cheeses with propionic acid fermentation. In such type of product, the loss of CO2 from the paste to the atmosphere during ripening may be limited by wrapping the cheese in a barrier packaging (foil ripening) to favour eyes growth. Despite the great importance of this molecule during cheese ripening, its production rate, solubility and diffusivity have scarcely been investigated in literature. The objective of this PhD work was to experimentally assess CO2 solubility, diffusivity and production rate in model semi-hard cheeses in relation to the main composition and ripening variables: salt and moisture content, temperature and cheese age, amongst others. The permeability of an industrial ripening foil was also assessed at different temperatures and in conditions of industrial relevance. All studied composition and ripening variables were found to significantly affect the CO2 production and transfer coefficients, but in a different way. For example increasing temperature was found to linearly decrease CO2 solubility in the cheese, while the CO2 production exponentially increased and CO2 diffusion was described with a quadratic function. The assessed coefficients were used as input parameters of a mathematical model with the goal of describing the CO2 gradients occurring in a blind semi-hard cheese during industrial ripening. A simplified sensitivity analysis performed on the model input parameters highlighted the greater importance of CO2 production on the CO2 gradients formed in the cheese compared to the other transfer coefficients. We developed the first experimentally validated model with the attempt of predicting the phenomena of CO2 production and diffusion inside the cheese paste, CO2 transfer at the rind interface and its permeation via an industrial packaging during ripening
Sicard, Mariette. "Méthodes, concepts et outils des systèmes complexes pour maitriser les procédés alimentaires. Application à l'affinage de camemberts." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00450100.
Full textForquin, Marie-Pierre. "Étude de Brevibacterium aurantiacum, une bactérie d'affinage de fromage : de son métabolisme du soufre à son interaction avec Kluyveromyces lactis." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00594332.
Full textImran, Muhammad. "Etude de communautés microbiennes modèles à activité anti-Listeria en microcosme fromager : Thèse soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux." Caen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CAEN2093.
Full textThis study was designed to understand how microbial interactions in a cheese microcosm lead to anti-listerial activity. Starting from an undefined cheese consortium with antilisterial activity, 39 and 50 isolates of bacteria and yeasts were identified. They were used for the construction of microbial communities, either by addition or by erosion, in order to obtain six strains communities with inhibitory activity against L. Monocytogenes WSLC 1685 (Scott A). Two communities were selected as models and the growth kinetics of each member was determined using culture-dependent and culture-independent (QPCR) methods. Microbial strains in both communities were found well established and not markedly disturbed by alternative omission of each strain. Serratia liquefaciens, Pseudomonas putida, Arthrobacter arilaitensis and Staphylococcus equorum had a role in L. Monocytogenes inhibition independently of pH effects. Protein extraction was optimized for representative cheese strains and a simple approach, based on aqueous protein extraction and 2D electrophoresis-MALDI TOF/TOF was proposed for metaproteomic analysis of microbial communities. Metabolic and proteomic profiles of one model microbial community was determined with and without L. Monocytogenes Scott A. Metabolic enzymes and stress proteins were up regulated significantly in presence of L. Monocytogenes in ripening-like conditions. Most of identified protein belonged to Pseudomonas putida and Marinomonas sp. Significant over production of some alcohols, ketones and acetic acid was found which could contribute to multi hurdle effect against L. Monocytogenes
Boubellouta, Tahar. "Apports des spectroscopies infrarouge et de fluorescence couplées à la chimiométrie pour la caractérisation de la structure de matrices fromagères et des relations structure-texture." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00726362.
Full textHuc, Delphine. "Hiérarchisation des facteurs contribuant à la croissance des bulles dans des fromages à pâte pressée non cuite par une approche multi-échelles." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00931927.
Full textSerhan, Mireille. "Valorisation durable des laits de chèvre de la région du Nord Liban. Transformation en fromage "Darfiyeh" et établissement de caractéristiques physico-chimiques et microbiologiques en vue de la création d'une appellation d'origine." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPL073N/document.
Full textIn order to contribute for the preservation of the Lebanese dairy heritage, the aim of this study was to characterize Darfiyeh cheese, a traditional variety made from raw goats' milk and ripened in goat's skin. Parallel to this objective, and for a better understanding of Darfiyeh ripening, aroma transfer towards goat skin was conducted through an experimental device. Three independent batches of Darfiyeh production were analyzed after 20, 40 and 60 days of ripening. Physico-chemical results showed that Darfiyeh is a semi-hard goat's milk cheese which undergoes a moderate proteolysis and lipolysis. 3-methyl butanal, 1-phenyl ethanol and 1-octanol contribute to the distinctive aromatic fraction of Darfiyeh. As for microbiological results, bacterial counts (Log cfu.g-1 cheese) for mesophilic lactobacilli (7.1-10.4), thermophilic coccal-shaped lactic acid bacteria (LAB) (6.6-8.4) and thermophilic lactobacilli (5.5-7.2) were found. In order to explore Darfiyeh natural ecosystem, a combination of classical and molecular approaches was applied. Classical identification revealed members of the genera Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Lactococcus and Lactobacillus. Temporal Temperature Gel Electrophoresis (TTGE) profiles revealed common bands between the classical identification. Species-specific polymerase chain reactions (PCR) confirmed the presence of S. thermophilus, E. faecium, E. durans, Lc. lactis subsp. lactis and Lc. lactis subsp. cremoris. Real time PCR enabled quantification of S. thermophilus and E. faecium, with a detection threshold of 104 ufc.g-1 of Darfiyeh and a range of 107-109 ufc.g-1 of Darfiyeh, respectively. As for aroma transfer towards goat skin, absorption and permeability of three model aroma molecules (2-butanone, 2,3-butanedione, 2-butanol) in aqueous solution/goat skin system were followed, after 20, 40 and 60 days of exposure. Until 40 days, the transfer of aroma molecules was dependent on their physico-chemical properties and exposure time. After 60 days, the molecules migrate from the skin to the aqueous solution. Therefore, in such a simulated system, aromatic molecules seem to move under a cyclic way. This work is a first scientific and technical contribution to the preservation of traditional Lebanese cheesemaking
Retureau, Emilie. "Reconstitution de communautés microbiennes complexes pour l'inhibition de Listeria monocytogenes à la surface de fromages à pâte pressée non cuite." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00719220.
Full textDupuis, Nuthathai. "Implication des bactéries du genre Arthrobacter dans la coloration de surface des fromages à pâte molle et croûte lavée." Thesis, La Réunion, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LARE0012/document.
Full textSmear-ripened soft cheeses, characterized by their orange-red color on rind, are dairy products widely consumed in Europe. The surface color is due essentially to carotenoids, in combination with other pigments, produced by the cheese microflora during ripening. Arthrobacter sp. is one of the major microorganisms occurred on the surface of cheeses, particularly in smear-ripened cheeses, where it is assumed to be responsible for yellow pigmentation of the cheese rind because of its characteristic overall color and its involvement at the different stages of cheese ripening. Pigment-producing microorganisms are commonly found in the nature. Nowadays, pigment-producing microorganisms have been increasing of interest in many scientific disciplines and applications have broadened in the industry because of their biotechnological advantages. As the present trend entirely the world is shifting toward the use of eco and biodegradable products, the requirement for natural ingredients, especially natural colorants, is increasing day by day. The first part of this thesis highlights the crucial role of microorganisms as potential sources of natural pigment production by reviewing a large number of research works related to pigments biosynthesized by microorganisms which were published over the past 10 years by private companies or academic laboratories, with an emphasis on pigments providing for the application in foods. Since the genus Arthrobacter is a group of metabolically versatile bacteria which widely distributed in nature, some parts of this thesis include the review presenting the possibility to produce pigmented Arthrobacter sp. biomasses as novel sources of food colorants; furthermore, the beneficial aspects of Arthrobacter sp. and their promising significances in the dairy industry are also addressed. Considering the significance of Arthrobacter sp. in smear-ripened cheeses, the economically important dairy products, the aim of research described in this thesis is to investigate the implication of this bacterium, particularly Arthrobacter arilaitensis, in the coloration of these cheeses in several aspects covering (i) diversity of pigment production among strains, (ii) kinetic of pigment synthesis, (iii) identification of chemical characteristic of pigments, (iv) colorimetric characterization of pigmentation, and (v) influences of environment i.e. light, pH, NaCl and deacidifying yeasts on the production and the color development of pigments. Among 14 strains of Arthrobacter arilaitensis studied, two groups depending on their ability of carotenoid production could be divided, carotenoid-producing and non-pigmented strains. A growth-associated pigmentation probably applied to indicate the kinetic of carotenoid synthesis by these strains. The diversity of pigment concentration among the carotenoid-producing strains was low, related to the characteristics of pigmentation determined by quantitative spectrocolorimetry. The HPLC-PDA-APCI-MS analysis of extracted pigments of a representative strains revealed 8 different carotenoids showing C50 decaprenoxanthin as the major accumulated carotenoids. Changes in the color development of A.arilaitensis strains under the influences of physical, chemical and biological factors were obtained through spectrocolorymetry. Three groups depending on a coloration behavior affected by light were illustrated e.g. positively sensitive, negatively sensitive and not sensitive to light. The acidic pH and high concentration of salt showed the efficiency inhibited effect on pigmentation of a representative strain of carotenoid-producing A. arilaitensis. In combination of pH and NaCl, deacidifying yeasts were obviously related to the pigment production of A. arilaitensis. The highest average value of color saturation were observed on the studied media deacidified by Debaryomyces hansenii at pH 7.0, displaying intense yellow
Petitdidier, Catherine. "Etude des modalités d'expression de certaines voies métaboliques de production d'arômes par des micro-organismes d'affinage des fromages à pâte pressée non cuite : précurseurs et systèmes enzymatiques impliqués dans le catabolisme des acides aminés." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CLF22334.
Full textCibik, Recep. "Leuconostocs isolés de fromages traditionnels francais : identification classique et moléculaire, caractérisation biochimique et moléculaire du système autolytique." Dijon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DIJOS017.
Full textAbraham, Sophie. "Evolution du potentiel d’oxydoréduction dans le lait et au cours de la transformation fromagère : impact des composants intrinsèques et extrinsèques et des bactéries lactiques." Dijon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DIJOS028.
Full textThe involvement of the redox potential (Eh) of milk matrix in the cheese transformation has been studied. The first part of this study answers to the expectations of searchers and industrials who want to use the Eh measurement. A full procedure for use of platinum electrode is proposed as well as a method for results standardisation enabling their easy comparison and interpretation. After establishing the continued measure of Eh in dairy, the study of Eh evolution during a type process allowed to highlight the key step in which lactic acid bacteria lead the medium to a reducing Eh of approximately -300 mV, the pressing step. Then, in the Camembert cheese, a redox gradient has been observed using microelectrodes, evolving during the ripening. In the second part, the study of Eh and antioxidant capacity of raw milk, depending on feeding, didn’t highlight any difference. In the final part of the study, we searched to understand what mecanisme was used by lactococci to fixe a reducing Eh to the medium. The anaerobic filtration technique shows that it was the cells themselves and more precisely their surface properties. This technique differentiated the microorganisms for which the final Eh value leaded to the medium is due to a molecule synthesis and/or to the cells themselves. Our results demonstrate the large range of action of Eh and the interest to follow up this parameter in the dairy industry