Academic literature on the topic 'Front Administration'

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Journal articles on the topic "Front Administration"

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Shrikant, Juneja, and Singh Amrinder. "Front Administration: An Indispensable Unit of Hospital." International Journal of Management and Humanities (IJMH) 4, no. 5 (2020): 60–63. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijmh.E0513.014520.

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The proposed study is an attempt to understand the linkage between the satisfaction level of the front-end employees and satisfaction level of the patients and attendants visiting the hospital for their IPD treatment. The study was executed in a three hundred bedded multispecialty hospital in Ludhiana. The study is highly significant as front administration plays a pivotal role in soothing the journey of the patients and leaves an indelible mark right from the registration counter to the admission, during their treatment and discharge. An integrated questionnaire was used in conducting the study. During the field plan of twenty days, hundred IPD patients were interviewed with simple random method. The next facet of study, twenty five front administration employees ranging from front office attendant, front office nurses and technicians were interviewed. The current study results revealed no significant relationship of satisfaction level of front end administration staff with satisfaction level of patients. 
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Skotnicka-Zasadzień, Bożena, and Anna Gembalska-Kwiecień. "Quality factors for internal communication in public administration." Scientific Papers of Silesian University of Technology. Organization and Management Series 2024, no. 202 (2024): 513–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.29119/1641-3466.2024.202.31.

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Purpose: Internal communication in municipal offices is an important factor that affects the quality of the services provided by this organisation. The article uses factor analysis to identify the quality factors of internal communication between front-office and back-office staff and, on this basis, identifies problems in this communication and also proposes improvement measures. Design/methodology/approach: The paper identifies latent factors of the quality of internal communication between front-office and back-office employees of a selected municipal office. The identified factors were used to assess the level of internal communication quality between front-office and back-office employees. Findings: Based on factor analysis, latent factors of the quality of internal communication between front-office and back-office employees were identified and, on this basis, the level of quality of internal communication between the surveyed municipal office employees was assessed and problems in this communication were identified. Research limitations/implications: The main limitation of the article is that it is based on one case of an organisation. Future research will need to be conducted in more organisations to find out whether the same result can be achieved. Practical implications: The research conducted identified three latent factors of the quality of internal communication between front-office and back-office staff in one municipal office. These factors include: cooperation between front-office and back-office staff, assurance and responsiveness. The identified factors were used to assess the level of quality of internal communication between front-office and back-office staff. The worst-rated factor is collaboration between the employees surveyed (2.26), better assurance (3.67), while responsiveness is the best (3.97). Originality/value: To date, the level of quality of internal communication between front-office and back-office employees has not been assessed in municipal offices. It is difficult to find research results in the system that are effective and effectively ensure the effectiveness of communication between front-office and back-office employees. Keywords: internal communication, service quality, front-office employees, back-office employees, municipal office. Category of the paper: case study.
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Parry, E. H. O. "Medical administration for front-line doctors." Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 85, no. 3 (1991): 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(91)90320-x.

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Timiryaev, Denis O. "“The Rear of the Fronts Did a Truly Titanic Job... “: Biographies of Generals and Officers of the Rear Administration of the Voronezh Front during the Preparation and Conduct of the Battle of Kursk. Part 1." Tractus Aevorum 12, no. 2 (2025): 116–32. https://doi.org/10.18413/2312-3044-2025-12-2-116-132.

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The study of the life path and activities of the Great Patriotic War participants remains an extremely important area of research. Unfortunately, the names of the generals and officers of the quartermaster service who organized reliable rear support for the combat activities of the fronts in the most important operations of the Great Patriotic War are known to a narrow circle of specialists, but little known to the general public. The article examines the main milestones in the military service of rear generals and officers of the Voronezh Front during the preparation and conduct of the Battle of Kursk. The first part of the article contains information about the biographies of Vladimir N. Vlasov, Chief of Rear Services of the Voronezh Front, Vasily V. Vasiliev, Chief of Staff of the Rear Administration of the Voronezh Front, Konstantin I. Izotov and Nikolay A. Zhuk, heads of two departments of the Rear Administration Headquarters. The article also outlines the evolution of the status of quartermaster service officers in Russian armed forces in the first half of the 20th century.
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MARSHALL, CAPTAIN GEOFFREY. "The Administration of Anaesthetics at the Front." Survey of Anesthesiology 36, no. 1 (1992): 45???49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00132586-199202000-00038.

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ZHAO, Litao, and Dongtao QI. "Chinese Society after 2012: New Leaders, New Expectations." East Asian Policy 05, no. 01 (2013): 42–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793930513000044.

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On the social policy front, the new Xi-Li government will continue the minsheng project started by the Hu-Wen government. Meanwhile it will seek to make breakthroughs on other fronts, such as urbanisation, anti-corruption and so on. On social stability, the new administration will be facing an increasingly vibrant and complex society which makes it even harder to contain social and political pluralism in China.
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Cairns, J. "Book Review: Medical Administration for Front-Line Doctors." Tropical Doctor 21, no. 1 (1991): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004947559102100116.

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Glogoff, Stuart, and James P. Flynn. "Front-End Analysis." Journal of Library Administration 12, no. 2 (1990): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j111v12n02_03.

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Chang, Hyunjoo. "What happened at the front lines of US welfare reform? Exploring the experiences of front-line implementers." International Review of Administrative Sciences 84, no. 1 (2016): 82–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020852315596215.

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This article aims to explore the story of the front-line implementation of US welfare reform through analyzing the experiences of front-line workers with a grounded theory approach. There were deep concerns about the working poor and unelaborated programs for economic independence, which were attributable to the legislation’s thrust to work-first and a skill mismatch, without taking the quality of jobs into account. Welfare roll reduction resulted in taking a generous approach to welfare clients on the front lines. Although discretion resulted in the operation of more local initiatives on the front lines, it was not a substantial response to the demands of the real lives of clients. This article argues that the quality and sustainability of work is critical, prior to an emphasis on work-first. Front-line implementation must shift to increasing employers’ willingness to create incentives for skill-building and to giving clients some motivation to work. Points for practitioners A gap between policymaking and nonlinear policy implementation on the front lines is inevitable as local demands vary. Particularly, perspectives of front-line implementers are useful in reflecting various local demands and adjusting the different interests of clients in the process of refining welfare reform in lieu of federal policymakers. Although the discretion of front-line implementers is critical, less attention has been paid to how they put welfare reform into practice and what they learned. Qualitative exploration of such issues thus provides field-based evidence to improve its implementation to help the clients, which has rarely been examined in the literature.
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Busch, A. E. "Federalism and Front-loading." Publius: The Journal of Federalism 38, no. 3 (2007): 538–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/publius/pjn009.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Front Administration"

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Gustafsson, Daniel, and Valerio Akman. "Design and implementation of a finance administration tool : A front end development study." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-301296.

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User interfaces are a crucial point in the usage of products. A user interface is developed to make a product easy to use and understand while also presenting data, feedback and functionality to the user. In this thesis we present and explain the whole development process of a front end project. The Swedish company, Kemizares, was searching for a user interface for their finance module in their upcoming application. In this work we developed the user interface for such a module with regards to Kemizares’ functional requirements as well as the necessity that the user interface of the module could be integrated into the their application which already had an existing user interface. The solution to the problem began with a literature study in which we researched tools and programs we would use to develop the module as well as researching national and international requirements for invoices to identify necessary data to use in the finance module. Afterwards we set up a timeline with deadlines to guide us throughout the development. An agile iterative feedback method was used during the implementation of the module with Kemizares. The finance module was created and with the iterative feedback method we used during development we were able to ensure that Kemizares was satisfied with the product. However, due to limiting factors we were not able to finish the whole module and hence not able to fulfill all the requirements. The conclusion is that the module in its current state is not a viable solution for Kemizares since it was left undone but a good ground to continue from that has taken required financial data, functional requirements, and design compatibility with the rest of the application into consideration.<br>Användargränssnitt är en viktig punkt i användningen av produkter. Ett användar-gränssnitt är utvecklat för att göra en produkt enkel att använda och förstå samtidigt som den presenterar data, feedback och funktionalitet för användaren. I denna rapport presenterar och förklarar vi hela utvecklingsprocessen för ett frontend-projekt. Det svenska företaget Kemizares letade efter ett användargränssnitt för sin finansmodul i sin kommande applikation. I detta arbete utvecklade vi användargränssnittet för en sådan modul med avseende på Kemizares funktionella krav samt behovet av att modulens användargränssnitt kunde integreras i deras applikation som redan hade ett befintligt användargränssnitt. Lösningen på problemet började med en litteraturstudie där vi undersökte verktyg och program som vi skulle använda för att utveckla modulen samt undersökte nationella och internationella krav på fakturor för att identifiera nödvändiga data att använda i finansmodulen. Därefter satte vi upp en tidslinje med deadlines för att vägleda oss genom hela utvecklingen. En agil iterativ återkopplingsmetod användes under implementeringen av modulen med Kemizares. Finansmodulen skapades och med den iterativa återkopplingsmetoden som vi använde under utvecklingen kunde vi säkerställa att Kemizares var nöjd med produkten. Men på grund av begränsande faktorer kunde vi inte avsluta hela modulen och kunde därför inte uppfylla alla krav. Slutsatsen är att modulen i sitt nuvarande tillstånd inte är en lönsam lösning för Kemizares eftersom den lämnades ofärdig, men en bra grund att fortsätta från som har tagit hänsyn till nödvändiga ekonomiska data, funktionella krav och designkompatibilitet med resten av applikationen.
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Prahl, Hampus. "Webb Administration." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för teknokultur, humaniora och samhällsbyggnad, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-3482.

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I’ve built an Internet based administration front-end for the company Allt I Brand in Jamjö. Allt I Brand’s main goals are maintenance and sale of fire preventive equipment. This front-end is programmed mostly in PHP, connected to a MySQL database. Because both Allt I Brand’s main page and my administration front-end use the same database and the database is designed to virtually fit any type of company, the result is both dynamic and powerful. The front-end design is made to make it easy to understand and nice to look at. The functionality has given my client the power to manage their main page on their own. The result, a complete administration system.<br>Jag har tillverkat ett Internetbaserat administrations gränssnitt åt företaget Allt I Brand i Jämjö. Allt I Brand är ett företag som är inriktat på underhåll och försäljning av brandförebyggande utrustning. Detta administrations gränssnitt är programmerat till största delen i PHP som är kopplat till en MySQL databas. Eftersom både Allt I Brand´s huvudsida och mitt administrations gränssnitt använder samma databas och databasen är designad så att den kan passa till olika sorters företag så blir resultatet både dynamiskt och kraftfullt. Designen på administration sidan är gjord så att det ska vara lätt att förstå och trevligt att se på. Funktionaliteten har givit min kund kraften att själv sköta och underhålla sin huvudsida. Systemet är helt enkelt komplett.<br>Adress: Utridarevägen 1B 370 40 Karlskrona Tel: 0709 57 32 54 E-mail: hapr02@stundent.bth.se
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Bloomfield, Sharyn. "Restructuring the public sector : a view from the front-line /." [St. Lucia, Qld], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18256.pdf.

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Ekstrand, Alexandra, and Jasmine Wiberg. "Svenska konsumenters syn på sötnings-relaterad Front-of-package labeling." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för ekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-30441.

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Sammanfattning Titel: En studie om hur Front-of-packaging påverkar konsumenters attityder. Nivå: C-uppsats, examensarbete i ämnet företagsekonomi. Författare: Alexandra Ekstrand och Jasmine Wiberg. Handledare: Jonas Kågström och Benny Berggren. Datum: 2019-05-24. Syfte: Vårt syfte är att skapa en djupare förståelse för hur konsumenter värderar sötnings-relaterade hälsopåståenden på livsmedelsförpackningar. Metod: I denna studie har en kvantitativ metod använts där 186 enkätsvar samlades in via en webbaserad undersökning som publicerades på sociala medier. Enkätsvaren analyserades i data- och statistikprogrammet Jamovi där deskriptiva analyser samt faktoranalyser genomfördes. Resultat &amp; diskussion: Ett genomgående drag för i stort sett alla faktoranalyser är att WTP inte påvisar något starkt samband gentemot övriga variabler. Det finns dock ett tydligt samband mellan köpintention och de specifika påståendena i samtliga av faktoranalyser. Det vi funnit är främst att natur- och närvarofokuserade sötningspåståenden på produktförpackningar genererar högst WTP samt att vetenskaps- och närvarofokuserade påståenden ger lägst WTP hos konsumenterna inom denna produktkategori när sötning är i fokus. Uppsatsens bidrag: Undersökningen har främst bidragit genom att utveckla och fördjupa det teoretiska ramverk som André et al. (2018) skapat. Studien har även skapat en djupare inblick i huruvida FOP:ers utformning och karaktär påverkar konsumenters preferenser och WTP samt givit granola-producenter viss vägledning kring vilken karaktär hos påståenden som preferens. Förslag till vidare forskning: Ett exempel på vidare forskning är att ge studien en ny vinkel genom att följa Bonilla (2010, s. 11) tes om att utföra experimentella studier för ett mer verklighetsförankrat resultat. T.ex. genom att utföra ett experiment som innefattar respondenternas interaktion med verkliga produkter och verkliga pengar.
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Jamison, Jamie L. "The Importance of Front-Line Supervisor Coaching Ability and Performance to Employment Decisions and Coaching Culture Success." Thesis, Capella University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10829429.

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<p> This qualitative exploratory single case study was completed to analyze the role of how middle managers evaluate coaching ability of front-line supervisors, address unsuccessful coaching, and learn how those determinants factor into the manager&rsquo;s employment decision respective to retaining or hiring a front-line supervisor. The investigation occurred at a regional company in the Midwest of the United States that had previously attempted to enact a coaching culture program. Focus was placed on senior leaders and hiring/middle manager viewpoints and interviews were conducted with nine middle managers and three senior leaders. Additional data points included document analysis, direct observation, and expert testimony from a consultant who had worked with over 100 companies to implement a coaching culture. Data were analyzed through an eclectic two-phase coding system with emphasis upon hypothesis coding, word frequency, and thematic coding reassembly. Identified themes were then investigated through a lens of assertion development, and decision modeling. Five critical conclusions emerged and those findings aligned to how companies evaluate coaching ability and use those assessments in hiring decisions. Each of the five findings have a direct effect on the success of implementing a coaching culture. (1) Leaders should fully align on organizational coaching expectations, behaviors, and definitions. (2) Organizations need a robust coaching supervision program to evaluate current front-line supervisors. (3) Companies need to develop a comprehensive interviewing process to ascertain the coaching ability of potential candidates for the front-line supervisor role. (4) Leaders should also mitigate factors that inhibit coaching activity particularly emphasizing the importance of the coaching dyad. (5) Companies need to ensure the quality and consistency of coaching throughout the organization.</p><p>
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Abate, Marco, and Massimo Biei. "Role of adopting response strategies to manage the Front-End phase of a project. : An exploratory study of the Italian Innovative SMEs." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-118300.

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The present study investigates the role of the Front-End phase within the context of Innovative Small and Medium-sized Enterprises through the project management lens, focusing on what practitioners can do to manage this phase. Taking a cue from the assumption that the Front-End phase of a project is a very critical and important stage, this study begins with a literature review on innovation and on its role among the Small and Medium-sized Enterprises, and moves to the identification of the main challengesthat an Innovative Italian Small and Medium Enterprise has to face in the Front-End phase. Particularly, the research focuses on the strategies that a project manager can implement to deal with the fuzzy nature of the Front-End phase, originated by uncertainty, equivocality and complexity. The study has an inductive approach and a cross-sectional time-horizon. A case study strategy has been employed, together with semi-structured interviews as data collection technique, involving six Italian Innovative Small and Medium-sized Enterprises identified through the framework of legal requirements provided by the European Union. Although literature poses on the same level all three elements, results show that there is a general consensus about the main role played by uncertainty. Practitioners identify several strategies to employ in order to deal with uncertainty, while the number of strategies identified to reduce equivocality and complexity is limited. Furthermore, this study identifies a correlation between the size of a company and the type of strategies employed to deal with the fuzziness. The more resource a company allocates on a project, the wider is the range of possible strategies project managers can adapt.
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Kurkkio, Monika. "Managing the fuzzy front end of product and process development : case studies of process firms." Doctoral thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Industriell Ekonomi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-25791.

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This thesis addresses different aspects of how to manage product development and process development. Two research studies have been conducted, both within the process industry. In the first study, the focus was on management control in collaborative product development and process development projects, whereas the focus in the second study was on managing the fuzzy front end (FFE) of product development and process development. Content-wise, the thesis comprises an introductory text and five appended papers with the overall purpose to increase our understanding of how process firms can improve the management of product development and process development, with a special emphasis on the fuzzy front end.The background to the first study was that it is difficult to manage collaborative development projects and that few empirical studies address accounting and control issues in such projects. However, the main focus in this thesis is on the FFE of the innovation process (the second study). The FFE is acknowledged as being one of the most critical stages of the whole innovation process, because the quality of emerging product- or process concepts is determined there. For example, improved product concepts can increase the overall speed of the innovation process as well as cutting costs. The costs of imposing changes in the FFE are still relatively low compared to changes in later stages. However, the FFE is difficult to manage because it implies a significant degree of uncertainty, and it is often characterised by ad-hoc decision-making and conflicting organizational pressures which make it difficult to plan and conduct. The existing research on the FFE has primarily focused on product development, but little is known about how to manage the FFE in other contexts. This thesis aims to shed light on the FFE in non-assembled product development and process development, mainly by means of multiple case studies.The first study of this thesis (paper I) shows that both informal and formal control mechanisms are important when firms conduct collaborative product development and process development projects. A central contribution in the first study is that it explores how the firms' motives affect the selection of formal and informal control mechanisms. For example, financial short-term motives (such as sharing development costs) were typically controlled by formal control mechanisms. On the other hand, informal control mechanisms were the main form of control if the motive was to build long-term relations with their customers. The main findings from the second study (papers II-V) were that the FFE phase of non-assembled product development and process development was conceptualized. These conceptualizations were done at a relatively detailed level and key activities in different sub-phases were thus identified. By conceptualizing the FFE of non-assembled product development and process development, a first and important step towards exploring how the FFE can be better managed was taken. In addition, the second study identified several managerial problems in the FFE, and the negative impact of many of these could arguably be decreased if more formal control mechanisms were introduced and applied. The empirical findings suggest a more formalized process for managing the FFE of non-assembled product development and process development. These findings are important in the light of a growing theoretical and managerial interest in the FFE phase of the innovation process.<br>Avhandlingen innefattar olika aspekter vid ledning och organisering av produkt- och processutveckling. Två forskningsprojekt har genomförts, båda inom process industrin. Det första behandlar styrning av produkt och processutvecklingsprojekt, som bedrevs i samarbete med externa parter. Det andra forskningsprojektet fokuserar på ledning och organisering av den tidiga fasen vid produkt- och processutveckling. Avhandlingen är en sammanläggningsavhandling och innefattar således en inledande text och fem artiklar. Det övergripande syftet med avhandlingen är att öka vår förståelse för hur processindustriföretag kan förbättra styrningen av produkt- och processutvecklingsprojekt, med särskilt fokus på den tidiga fasen. Bakgrunden till det första forskningsprojektet var svårigheten att styra produkt- och processutvecklingsprojekt som bedrivs i samarbete med externa parter. Få akademiska studier har undersökt vilken typ av styrning som används för att styra dessa projekt. Merparten av avhandlingen fokuserar på ledning och organisering av den tidiga fasen vid utveckling av nya eller förbättrade produkter och processer. Tidigare forskning har visat att denna fas är den mest kritiska i hela innovationsprocessen, eftersom en stor del av kvaliteten på nya produkter och processer bestäms där. Till exempel kan ett väldefinierat produktkoncept öka hastigheten i innovationsprocessen som i sin tur även leder till minskade kostnader. Detta eftersom kostnaderna för att genomföra förändringar i den tidiga fasen är relativt låga jämfört med att genomföra förändringar i senare skeden av processen. Den tidiga fasen är dock svår att leda eftersom den ofta kännetecknas av en hög grad av osäkerhet, ett osystematiskt beslutsfattande, motstridiga organisatoriska målsättningar. Dessa bidrar till att göra den tidiga fasen svår att planera och genomföra. Den befintliga forskningen om tidiga faser i innovationsprocessen har främst fokuserat på produktutveckling och lite är känt om hur man hanterar den tidiga fasen i andra sammanhang som t.ex. vid utveckling av företagets produktionsprocess. Avhandlingen syftar till att belysa ledning och organisering av den tidiga fasen vid utveckling av icke-sammansatta produkter, som t.ex. metall och stål, samt utveckling av företagens produktionsprocesser. En fallstudieansats har använts i båda forskningsprojekten.Det första forskningsprojektet i avhandlingen (artikel I) visar att företag använder sig av både formella och informella kontrollmekanismer när de leder inter-organisatoriska samarbetsprojekt. Ett centralt bidrag i detta projekt är att visa hur företagens motiv påverkar valet av kontrollmekanismer. Till exempel ekonomiskt kortsiktiga motiv (såsom att dela utvecklingskostnader) var oftast styrda genom formella kontrollmekanismer. Ifall målet var av mer långsiktig karaktär (som t.ex. att skapa och bygga relationer till sina kunder) användes informella kontrollmekanismer för att styra samarbetsprojektet.De viktigaste resultaten från det andra forskningsprojektet (artiklarna II-V) var att den tidiga fasen vid utveckling av icke-sammansatta produkter och processer har beskrivits. De två faserna har beskrivits på en relativt detaljerad nivå ett antal olika delfaser och nyckelaktiviteter har identifierats. Att beskriva vad som händer i den allra tidigaste fasen när man utvecklar produkter och processer var ett första viktigt steg för att kunna förstå hur företag kan bli bättre på att leda och organisera dessa tidiga faser i innovationsprocessen. Vidare så har flera svårigheter och problem identifierats i tidig fas vid utveckling av både produkter och processer. Flertalet av dessa skulle kunna minskas ifall företag tillämpade en mer systematisk process och tillämpade några formella kontrollmekanismer. Avhandlingen bidrar till det växande teoretiska intresse som finns för den tidiga fasen av innovationsprocessen genom att presentera vad som sker i den tidiga fasen vid utveckling av icke-sammansatta produkter och processer.<br>Godkänd; 2010; 20101207 (monika_k); DISPUTATION Ämnesområde: Företagsekonomi Opponent: Docent Maria Elmqvist, Chalmers tekniska högskola Göteborg Ordförande: Docent Johan Frishammar, Luleå tekniska universitet Tid: Fredag den 28 januari 2011, kl. 13.00 Plats: A109
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Liginlal, Divakaran. "Building fuzzy front-end decision support systems for new product information in global telecommunication markets: A measure theoretical approach." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/284835.

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In today's highly competitive business environment, innovation and new product introduction are recognized as the sustaining forces of corporate success. The early phases of new product development, collectively known as the 'front-end', are crucial to the success of new products. Building a fuzzy front-end decision support system, balancing the needs for analytical soundness and model robustness while incorporating decision-maker's subjectivity and adaptability to different business situations, is a challenging task. A process model and a structural model focusing on the different forms of uncertainties involved in new product introduction in a global telecommunication market are presented in this dissertation. Fuzzy measure theory and fuzzy set theory are used to build a quantitative model of the executive decision-process at the front-end. Solutions to the problem of exponential complexity in defining fuzzy measures are also proposed. The notion of constrained fiizzy integrals demonstrates how the fuzzy measure-theoretical model integrates resource allocation in the presence of project interactions. Forging links between business strategies and expert evaluations of critical success factors is attempted through fuzzy rule-based techniques in the framework of the proposed model. Interviews with new product managers of several American business firms have confirmed the need for building an intelligent front-end decision support system for new product development. The outline of a fuzzy systems development methodology and the design of a proof-of-concept prototype serve as significant contributions of this research work toward this end. In the context of executive decision making, a usability inspection of the prototype is carried out and results are discussed. A computational analysis, based upon methods of tactical systems simulation, measures the rank order consistency of the fuzzy measure theoretical approach in comparison with two competing fuzzy multiple attribute decision models under structural variations of the underlying models. The results demonstrate that (1) the modeling of the fuzzy numbers representing the linguistic variables, (2) the selection of the granularity of the linguistic scales, and (3) the selection of the model dimensions significantly affect the quality of the decisions suggested by the decision aid. A comprehensive plan for future validation of the decision aid is also presented.
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Schoonmaker, Mary G. "The Role of Marketing Activities in the Fuzzy Front End of Innovation| A Study of Small- to Medium-Size Enterprises in the Biotech Industry." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3557355.

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<p> The purpose of this study is to understand the extent to which marketing efforts help the survivability of early-stage innovations. The locus between the phases of Research and Development (R&amp;D) and New Product Development (NPD) is defined as the Fuzzy Front End of Innovation (F<sup>2</sup>EI). Frequently called the "Valley of Death," this early stage of innovation is typified by high risks and scarcity of project resources. The challenge for a firm as it develops an early-stage innovation is securing adequate financial, human, and physical project resources. For this study, the focus is specifically on National Institutes of Health (NIH) licenses accorded to small- to medium-size firms. </p><p> By using a mixed-method approach comprising qualitative interviews and quantitative survey results, this study develops firm profiles that describe combinations of marketing efforts that enable innovation continuation during the Fuzzy Front End of Innovation. Profiles are evident in terms of marketing variables, firm attributes, and project resources. These profiles vary for type of firm and also by the firm's life cycle. </p><p> The contributions of this study are to: 1.) Develop combinations of variables and profiles for predicting early-stage innovation continuation, 2.) Provide pragmatic information to potential stakeholders about how to identify and foster early-stage innovations, and 3.) Help small- to medium-size firms understand how to position and promote themselves in order to obtain resources and advance early-stage innovations.</p>
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Wyatt, Kathyleen G. "A Front-End Analysis Study of the Perceived Correlation Between Organizational Leadership and Student Success." Thesis, NSUWorks, 2016. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/fse_etd/81.

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Abstract A Front-End Analysis Study of the Perceived Correlation Between Educational Leadership and Student Success. Kathyleen Wyatt, 2016: Applied Dissertation, Nova Southeastern University, Abraham S. Fischler College of Education. Keywords: Organizational Leadership, Student Success, Higher Education, International Student Success, Faculty-Student Interaction, Sustainability, Student Retention, Student Engagement. The problem addressed in this qualitative case study concerned the challenges of student success in the four-year degree program at a multicampus institution of higher learning in northern Florida. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to assist leaders in the institution of higher learning in northern Florida in determining if a leadership growth plan could be a valuable component of a future and comprehensive professional development plan to increase student success. The triangulated case study was designed in order to generate unbiased, rich, and in-depth information from those involved in degree programs at the study site. Students, administrators, and teachers were surveyed and interviewed and provided information pertinent to the impact of leaders and leadership skills on student success. In conjunction with the qualitative analysis and case study approach, a front-end analysis was conducted to provide school leaders with reliable and valid information on which to base their future decisions. Success for this study was defined as the percentage of students in the four-year college study site who remain in school, increase their mean grade point average and, thus, eventually graduate or choose to transfer to another institution of higher learning. The researcher developed and implemented this front-end analysis study using qualitative methods of data collection. The emergent themes from the data analyzed enabled the researcher to provide school leaders with the information and, based on the findings, how it could be used to maximize the resources available at the institution in order to allow college students to reach their full potential. The narrative information and survey results in this final report provide a synthesis of the perceptual correlation between organizational leadership and student success and the implications of developing a shared leadership organizational model within the organization and its probable effects on measures of student outcomes.
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Books on the topic "Front Administration"

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Brown, Sharon E. Guide to dental front office administration. Pearson Education, 2009.

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Brown, Sharon E. Guide to dental front office administration. Pearson Education, 2009.

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Inc, Joint Commission Resources. From front office to front line: Essential issues for health care leaders. 2nd ed. Joint Commission Resources, 2012.

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Foster, Dennis L. Rooms at the inn: Front office operations and administration. Glencoe, 1992.

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Gregersen, Ole. Kommuner i front: Organisationsudvikling blandt kommunale socialforvaltninger. Socialforskningsinstituttet, 1999.

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Daphne, Statham, ed. Managing front line practice in social care. Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 2004.

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Daphne, Statham, ed. Managing front line practice in social work. Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 2004.

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United States. Office of Price Administration, ed. Ration coupons on the home front, 1942-1945. Duke University Libraries, 2006.

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Gershon, Peter. Releasing resources to the front line: Independent review of public sector efficiency. HM Stationery Office], 2004.

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Mabon, Armelle. L' action sociale coloniale: L'exemple de l'Afrique occidentale française du Front populaire à la veille des indépendances. L'Harmattan, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Front Administration"

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Jacumeit, Volker. "Administration 2000—Networking Municipal Front and Back Offices for One-Stop Government." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-46138-8_24.

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"Front Matter." In Transplant Administration. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118391976.fmatter.

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Harris, Michelle, Sherrill L. Sellers, Orly Clerge, and Frederick W. Gooding. "IV: Administration." In Stories from the Front of the Room. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5771/9781475825183-95.

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"Front-matter." In Natural Resource Administration. Elsevier, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-404647-4.00014-3.

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Junquera-Varela, Raúl Félix, and Cristian Óliver Lucas-Mas. "Front Matter." In Revenue Administration Handbook. The World Bank, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-2053-3_fm.

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"Front-matter." In Enterprise Applications Administration. Elsevier, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-407773-7.00012-0.

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"Front Matter." In Tribal Administration Handbook. Michigan State University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14321/j.cdbmfhq6x.1.

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"Front Matter." In American Public Administration. University of Alabama Press, 2016. https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.30347169.1.

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"Front Matter." In New Public Administration. University of Alabama Press, 2020. https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.30346992.1.

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"Front Matter." In Handbook of Investment Administration. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119201793.fmatter.

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Conference papers on the topic "Front Administration"

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Hussain, Zaid Saadi, and Hassan Jassim Motlak. "Design Improved Transimpedance CMOS amplifier for optical Receiver front end." In 2024 4th International Conference of Science and Information Technology in Smart Administration (ICSINTESA). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsintesa62455.2024.10748161.

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"[ICTSA 2021 Front cover]." In 2021 International Conference of Technology, Science and Administration (ICTSA). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ictsa52017.2021.9406536.

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Amin, Fadillah, Corrienna Talib, and Rudolfo Aunzo, Jr. "Front Matter." In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Public Administration and Governance, ICOPAG 2024, 30 October 2024, Malang, Indonesia. EAI, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.20-5-2025.1151183.

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Bocchieri, Robert T., Steven W. Kirkpatrick, Claudia Navarro-Northrup, Robert A. MacNeill, Brian D. Peterson, and Glenn Gough. "Collision Safety Improvements for Light Rail Vehicles Operating in Shared Right of Way Street Environments." In ASME 2009 Rail Transportation Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/rtdf2009-18018.

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The majority of fatalities that occur from light rail vehicle (LRV) operations are occupants of automobiles that are struck by the LRVs. Recent developments of crashworthiness standards for LRVs by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Rail Transit Vehicle Standards Committee included consideration of a wide variety of crash scenarios including collisions between LRVs and street running automobiles. The requirements included in the standard are primarily to create an enclosed front end geometry where the struck vehicle will not be entrapped or overridden. A smooth enclosed front end profile is a primary requirement for improving the compatibility of LRVs colliding with automobiles. More recently, a study has been initiated by the Federal Transit Administration (FTA) to develop LRV front end features that further improve the crash compatibility with automobiles. The approach depends on results from computer simulation modeling of vehicle collisions across a wide variety of LRV bumper designs, some with and some without energy absorbers. Results of the study and the design of the energy absorbing bumper system are presented.
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Kirby, Matthew L., David S. Riha, Joseph W. Cardinal, Joel R. Hobbs, Brian C. Stoltz, and Benjamin D. Melia. "A Critical Initial Flaw Size Analysis Approach for Cleavage Fracture in the Circumferential Welds of Layered Pressure Vessels." In ASME 2023 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2023-105485.

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Abstract The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) operates roughly 300 non-code layered pressure vessels (LPVs) constructed of steels that are at a risk of cleavage fracture during operation. NASA is currently assessing the continued fitness-forservice of these vessels and is employing computational analysis of the critical initial flaw size (CIFS) in key regions in the LPVs, such as the circumferential welds, to guide non-destructive evaluation (NDE) inspections. The NASGRO fatigue crack growth and fracture mechanics software is being used to perform the CIFS analysis. Cleavage fracture toughness varies as a function of crack-front length, but standard procedures for computing the CIFS in NASGRO assume fracture toughness is invariant to crack-front length. Thus, the CIFS analysis procedure in NASGRO was modified to account for a fracture toughness value that is dependent on crack-front length and a varying aspect ratio during the CIFS computations. This paper describes the CIFS analysis approach for cleavage fracture in circumferential welds using NASGRO and provides an example of the analysis for a postulated flaw in the shell-to-shell circumferential weld of a 9-layer exemplar vessel within NASA’s LPV fleet.
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Krisdtan, Joseph, Daniel Stone, and John Elkins. "Effect of Wheel Loading on the Occurrence of Vertical Split Rim Wheel Failures." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-59049.

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The recent appearance of vertical split rim (VSR) wheel failures has presented North American railroads with a new mode of wheel failure. These failures originate from tread shelling as a result of rolling contact fatigue (RCF). One or more of the shallow RCF cracks initiate a brittle fracture that causes the separation of a large portion of the front or back of the wheel rim as shown in Figures 1, 2, and 3. TTCI is leading a consortium made up of railroads, suppliers, car owners, and the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) to investigate wheel defects. VSR research is at the forefront of that effort.
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Silvestri Dobrovolny, Chiara, Dusty R. Arrington, Nathan Schulz, and Connie Xavier. "FEA Design and Crashworthiness Evaluation of a 31-Inch W-Beam Guardrail System for Placement on a 3H:1V Sloped Terrain Configuration." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-67754.

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The purpose of this research was to develop a 31-inch (787 mm) W-beam guardrail system to be placed with a 3H:1V slope in front of the barrier. The structural capacity and the occupant risk factors of such a proposed guardrail system were evaluated with respect to the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware (MASH) TL-3 criteria. Finite element computer models of new guardrail designs for evaluation when placed on a 3H:1V sloped terrain configuration were developed and impact simulations were conducted to support their evaluation according to MASH standards evaluation criteria. Three barrier designs for placement on a 3H:1V slope were suggested for evaluation through predictive computer simulations. All systems appear to be crashworthy and likely to pass safety evaluation criteria required for MASH. Depending on the desired system post distance location from the 3H:1V slope break, the researchers recommend evaluation of selected design through full-scale crash testing according to MASH TL-3 criteria. The information compiled from this research will provide the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and State Departments of Transportation with a W-beam guardrail design as a crashworthy system to be placed with a 3H:1V slope in front of a barrier.
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Parent, Daniel, David Tyrell, Karina Jacobsen, and Kristine Severson. "Crashworthiness Analysis of the January 26, 2005 Glendale, California Rail Collision." In 2011 Joint Rail Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2011-56132.

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In Glendale, California on January 26, 2005, impact with an SUV on the track caused a southbound commuter train to derail, impact a standing freight train, buckle laterally outward, and rake the side of a northbound commuter train. Significant deformation resulted in the front of the southbound train and the side of the northbound train. There were a total of eleven fatalities and over one hundred injuries. This incident was investigated as a part of an ongoing field study of occupant injury in passenger train collisions and derailments currently being conducted by the United States (US) Department of Transportation’s (DOT) Rail Accident Forensic Team in support of the Equipment Safety Research Program of the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA). The Forensic Team determined that the primary causal mechanism of injuries and fatalities in the Glendale incident was the loss of occupied volume of the passenger cars brought about by severe structural deformation.
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Herbst, Brian R., Arin A. Oliver, Steven E. Meyer, and Donald R. Phillips. "High Speed Rotational Testing of Laminated Side Glazing for Occupant Containment." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-38284.

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Recent research by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) on developing an ejection mitigation standard, Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) 226, has led to an increased focus on occupant retention in the rollover accident mode. Research has long shown the benefits of keeping occupants contained in the vehicle as their risk of fatality increases five fold when they are ejected [1]. While restraint use, restraint performance and vehicle structural integrity are all components in occupant containment, the vehicle’s glazing system is the most likely component to fail in a rollover accident. Vehicle glazing failure usually creates large portals in the vehicle structure through which occupants can be ejected. The subject paper reviews previous work regarding testing and analysis of laminated automotive glazing and expands upon those studies with the presented high speed rotational testing. The performed study includes seven controlled, multirevolution tests of a partial sport utility vehicle (SUV) occupant compartment test fixture rotated about a fixed, longitudinal axis. The front doors of the fixture were modified by replacing the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) tempered glazing with High Penetration Resistant (HPR) annealed laminated glazing. Additionally, one of the door window frames was expanded and reinforced with an additional outboard sheet metal flange. Unrestrained Hybrid III 50th percentile male ATDs were placed in the front seating positions and rotated at roll rates of up to 644 degrees per second. ATD kinematics and interactions with the front window glazing were recorded and analyzed. When the laminated glazing did not fracture during early test sequences, the glazing was pre-fractured and re-tested under similar conditions. Under all test conditions, the laminated side window glazing was shown to contain the ATD.
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Zaouk, Abdullatif K., Nabih E. Bedewi, Cing-Dao Kan, and Dhafer Marzougui. "Validation of a Non-Linear Finite Element Vehicle Model Using Multiple Impact Data." In ASME 1996 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1996-1017.

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Abstract A detailed multi-purpose finite element model of a 1994 Chevrolet C-1500 pick-up truck was developed at the FHWA/NHTSA National Crash Analysis Center. The model is the first of its kind developed specifically to address vehicle safety issues, including front and side performance, as well as road side hardware design. The former application typically involves large regional deformation with impact durations of no more than 150 msec. The latter encompasses damage along a larger portion of the vehicle, and due to longer interaction time between the vehicle and impacted device coupled with the need to observe post impact dynamics, requires simulations that could last as long as 1 second. This paper describes the results of a non-linear finite element computer simulation using this model for frontal full barrier and median highway barrier impacts. These simulations are conducted in support of research studies undergoing at the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) to investigate vehicle compatibility, new offset barrier tests, and highway/vehicle safety issues. Full scale vehicle crash tests conducted by NHTSA and FHWA are used for evaluation of the performance of the model. Two tests are compared, a frontal impact with a full rigid wall and a corner impact to a 42-inch Vertical Concrete Median. The comparisons between tests and simulations in terms of overall impact deformation, component failure modes, velocity and acceleration at various locations in the vehicle are presented. Modeling issues including element size, connectivity, and slide line interface of different parts are discussed. In addition, some simulation related hardware and software issues are addressed. The results clearly indicate the model to be consistent with the full scale tests. Additional simulations need to be performed to fully evaluate and validate the model.
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Reports on the topic "Front Administration"

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Arora, Sanjana, and Olena Koval. Norway Country Report. University of Stavanger, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.232.

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This report is part of a larger cross-country comparative project and constitutes an account and analysis of the measures comprising the Norwegian national response to the COVID-19 pandemic during the year of 2020. This time period is interesting in that mitigation efforts were predominantly of a non-medical nature. Mass vaccinations were in Norway conducted in early 2021. With one of the lowest mortality rates in Europe and relatively lower economic repercussions compared to its Nordic neighbours, the Norwegian case stands unique (OECD, 2021: Eurostat 2021; Statista, 2022). This report presents a summary of Norwegian response to the COVID-19 pandemic by taking into account its governance, political administration and societal context. In doing so, it highlights the key features of the Nordic governance model and the mitigation measures that attributed to its success, as well as some facets of Norway’s under-preparedness. Norway’s relative isolation in Northern Europe coupled with low population density gave it a geographical advantage in ensuring a slower spread of the virus. However, the spread of infection was also uneven, which meant that infection rates were concentrated more in some areas than in others. On the fiscal front, the affluence of Norway is linked to its petroleum industry and the related Norwegian Sovereign Wealth Fund. Both were affected by the pandemic, reflected through a reduction in the country’s annual GDP (SSB, 2022). The Nordic model of extensive welfare services, economic measures, a strong healthcare system with goals of equity and a high trust society, indeed ensured a strong shield against the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Yet, the consequences of the pandemic were uneven with unemployment especially high among those with low education and/or in low-income professions, as well as among immigrants (NOU, 2022:5). The social and psychological effects were also uneven, with children and elderly being left particularly vulnerable (Christensen, 2021). Further, the pandemic also at times led to unprecedented pressure on some intensive care units (OECD, 2021). Central to handling the COVID-19 pandemic in Norway were the three national executive authorities: the Ministry of Health and Care services, the National directorate of health and the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. With regard to political-administrative functions, the principle of subsidiarity (decentralisation) and responsibility meant that local governments had a high degree of autonomy in implementing infection control measures. Risk communication was thus also relatively decentralised, depending on the local outbreak situations. While decentralisation likely gave flexibility, ability to improvise in a crisis and utilise the municipalities’ knowledge of local contexts, it also brought forward challenges of coordination between the national and municipal level. Lack of training, infection control and protection equipment thereby prevailed in several municipalities. Although in effect for limited periods of time, the Corona Act, which allowed for fairly severe restrictions, received mixed responses in the public sphere. Critical perceptions towards the Corona Act were not seen as a surprise, considering that Norwegian society has traditionally relied on its ‘dugnadskultur’ – a culture of voluntary contributions in the spirit of solidarity. Government representatives at the frontline of communication were also open about the degree of uncertainty coupled with considerable potential for great societal damage. Overall, the mitigation policy in Norway was successful in keeping the overall infection rates and mortality low, albeit with a few societal and political-administrative challenges. The case of Norway is thus indeed exemplary with regard to its effective mitigation measures and strong government support to mitigate the impact of those measures. However, it also goes to show how a country with good crisis preparedness systems, governance and a comprehensive welfare system was also left somewhat underprepared by the devastating consequences of the pandemic.
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Ter-Minassian, Teresa. More than Revenue: Main Challenges for Taxation in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008421.

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This paper aims to provide an overview of the current state of taxation in the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) region, and its main reform needs and options. It previews the findings of recent studies prepared or commissioned by the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) for its forthcoming flagship publication More than Revenue: Taxation as a Development Tool in the -Development in the Americas- series. Reflecting fiscal consolidation imperatives, the main objective of fiscal policies in the region in recent decades has been revenue mobilization, often at the expense of efficiency and equity objectives. This paper analyzes the region's taxation in regard to revenue adequacy, efficiency, vertical and horizontal equity, ease of administration and compliance, and degree of fiscal decentralization, concluding that there is significant scope for reforms that would result in simultaneous improvement on several of these fronts. Although the paper does not provide a specific blueprint for reforms, which would need to be designed on a country-by-country basis, it identifies directions for reform that are relevant for most of the region.
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Anderson, Donald M., Lorraine C. Backer, Keith Bouma-Gregson, et al. Harmful Algal Research & Response: A National Environmental Science Strategy (HARRNESS), 2024-2034. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1575/1912/69773.

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Harmful and toxic algal blooms (HABs) are a well-established and severe threat to human health, economies, and marine and freshwater ecosystems on all coasts of the United States and its inland waters. HABs can comprise microalgae, cyanobacteria, and macroalgae (seaweeds). Their impacts, intensity, and geographic range have increased over past decades due to both human-induced and natural changes. In this report, HABs refers to both marine algal and freshwater cyanobacterial events. This Harmful Algal Research and Response: A National Environmental Science Strategy (HARRNESS) 2024-2034 plan builds on major accomplishments from past efforts, provides a state of the science update since the previous decadal HARRNESS plan (2005-2015), identifies key information gaps, and presents forward-thinking solutions. Major achievements on many fronts since the last HARRNESS are detailed in this report. They include improved understanding of bloom dynamics of large-scale regional HABs such as those of Pseudo-nitzschia on the west coast, Alexandrium on the east coast, Karenia brevis on the west Florida shelf, and Microcystis in Lake Erie, and advances in HAB sensor technology, allowing deployment on fixed and mobile platforms for long-term, continuous, remote HAB cell and toxin observations. New HABs and impacts have emerged. Freshwater HABs now occur in many inland waterways and their public health impacts through drinking and recreational water contamination have been characterized and new monitoring efforts have been initiated. Freshwater HAB toxins are finding their way into marine environments and contaminating seafood with unknown consequences. Blooms of Dinophysis spp., which can cause diarrhetic shellfish poisoning, have appeared around the US coast, but the causes are not understood. Similarly, blooms of fish- and shellfish-killing HABs are occurring in many regions and are especially threatening to aquaculture. The science, management, and decision-making necessary to manage the threat of HABs continue to involve a multidisciplinary group of scientists, managers, and agencies at various levels. The initial HARRNESS framework and the resulting National HAB Committee (NHC) have proven effective means to coordinate the academic, management, and stakeholder communities interested in national HAB issues and provide these entities with a collective voice, in part through this updated HARRNESS report. Congress and the Executive Branch have supported most of the advances achieved under HARRNESS (2005-2015) and continue to make HABs a priority. Congress has reauthorized the Harmful Algal Bloom and Hypoxia Research and Control Act (HABHRCA) multiple times and continues to authorize the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to fund and conduct HAB research and response, has given new roles to the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and required an Interagency Working Group on HABHRCA (IWG HABHRCA). These efforts have been instrumental in coordinating HAB responses by federal and state agencies. Initial appropriations for NOAA HAB research and response decreased after 2005, but have increased substantially in the last few years, leading to many advances in HAB management in marine coastal and Great Lakes regions. With no specific funding for HABs, the US EPA has provided funding to states through existing laws, such as the Clean Water Act, Safe Drinking Water Act, and to members of the Great Lakes Interagency Task Force through the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative, to assist states and tribes in addressing issues related to HAB toxins and hypoxia. The US EPA has also worked towards fulfilling its mandate by providing tools and resources to states, territories, and local governments to help manage HABs and cyanotoxins, to effectively communicate the risks of cyanotoxins and to assist public water systems and water managers to manage HABs. These tools and resources include documents to assist with adopting recommended recreational criteria and/or swimming advisories, recommendations for public water systems to choose to apply health advisories for cyanotoxins, risk communication templates, videos and toolkits, monitoring guidance, and drinking water treatment optimization documents. Beginning in 2018, Congress has directed the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) to develop a HAB research initiative to deliver scalable HAB prevention, detection, and management technologies intended to reduce the frequency and severity of HAB impacts to our Nation’s freshwater resources. Since the initial HARRNESS report, other federal agencies have become increasingly engaged in addressing HABs, a trend likely to continue given the evolution of regulations(e.g., US EPA drinking water health advisories and recreational water quality criteria for two cyanotoxins), and new understanding of risks associated with freshwater HABs. The NSF/NIEHS Oceans and Human Health Program has contributed substantially to our understanding of HABs. The US Geological Survey, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the National Aeronautics Space Administration also contribute to HAB-related activities. In the preparation of this report, input was sought early on from a wide range of stakeholders, including participants from academia, industry, and government. The aim of this interdisciplinary effort is to provide summary information that will guide future research and management of HABs and inform policy development at the agency and congressional levels. As a result of this information gathering effort, four major HAB focus/programmatic areas were identified: 1) Observing systems, modeling, and forecasting; 2) Detection and ecological impacts, including genetics and bloom ecology; 3) HAB management including prevention, control, and mitigation, and 4) Human dimensions, including public health, socio-economics, outreach, and education. Focus groups were tasked with addressing a) our current understanding based on advances since HARRNESS 2005-2015, b) identification of critical information gaps and opportunities, and c) proposed recommendations for the future. The vision statement for HARRNESS 2024-2034 has been updated, as follows: “Over the next decade, in the context of global climate change projections, HARRNESS will define the magnitude, scope, and diversity of the HAB problem in US marine, brackish and freshwaters; strengthen coordination among agencies, stakeholders, and partners; advance the development of effective research and management solutions; and build resilience to address the broad range of US HAB problems impacting vulnerable communities and ecosystems.” This will guide federal, state, local and tribal agencies and nations, researchers, industry, and other organizations over the next decade to collectively work to address HAB problems in the United States.
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