Relevant bibliographies by topics / Front and rear region

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Front and rear region'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 3 July 2021
Last updated: 14 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Front and rear region"

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Zhou, Haiguang. "Wind Structure of a Subtropical Squall Line in China: Results from Dual-Doppler Radar Data." Advances in Meteorology 2016 (2016): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9059383.

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A subtropical squall line moved from Guangxi to Guangdong province in South China on 23-24 April 2007, which resulted in gale and heavy precipitation. The three-dimensional (3D) wind field of the squall line in its mature period was retrieved by Guangzhou-Shenzhen dual-Doppler data. The 3D conceptual model of this squall line was proposed. On the horizontal plane, the storm-relative front-to-rear inflow prevailed at the lower altitudes of the leading edge. The rear-to-front cold inflow in the stratiform region was observed below 3 km height, which enhanced the convergence in the convective region. At the middle altitudes of the squall line, the front-to-rear horizontal flow prevailed. Strong updrafts were observed at the lower and middle altitudes of the leading edge. Some convergence centers were located at the lower altitudes of the convective region. Furthermore, the storm-relative flow in the vertical cross-section perpendicular to the squall line was revealed. The front-to-rear warm flow extended from the surface to 7.5 km altitude at the leading edge. Above it, part of the front-to-rear inflow blew upward and then forward, and the other part of the inflow blew backward. The descending rear-to-front cold flow was only seen below 3 km height in the stratiform region.
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Smith, Andrea M., Greg M. McFarquhar, Robert M. Rauber, Joseph A. Grim, Michael S. Timlin, Brian F. Jewett, and David P. Jorgensen. "Microphysical and Thermodynamic Structure and Evolution of the Trailing Stratiform Regions of Mesoscale Convective Systems during BAMEX. Part I: Observations." Monthly Weather Review 137, no. 4 (April 1, 2009): 1165–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008mwr2504.1.

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Abstract This study used airborne and ground-based radar and optical array probe data from the spiral descent flight patterns and horizontal flight legs of the NOAA P-3 aircraft in the trailing stratiform regions (TSRs) of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) observed during the Bow Echo and Mesoscale Convective Vortex Experiment (BAMEX) to characterize microphysical and thermodynamic variations within the TSRs in the context of the following features: the transition zone, the notch region, the enhanced stratiform rain region, the rear anvil region, the front-to-rear flow, the rear-to-front flow, and the rear inflow jet axis. One spiral from the notch region, nine from the enhanced stratiform rain region, and two from the rear anvil region were analyzed along with numerous horizontal flight legs that traversed these zones. The spiral performed in the notch region on 29 June occurred early in the MCS life cycle and exhibited subsaturated conditions throughout its depth. The nine spirals performed within the enhanced stratiform rain region exhibited saturated conditions with respect to ice above and within the melting layer and subsaturated conditions below the melting layer. Spirals performed in the rear anvil region showed saturation until the base of the anvil, near −1°C, and subsaturation below. These data, together with analyses of total number concentration and the slope to gamma fits to size distributions, revealed that sublimation above the melting layer occurs early in the MCS life cycle but then reduces in importance as the environment behind the convective line is moistened from the top down. Evaporation below the melting layer was insufficient to attain saturation below the melting layer at any time or location within the MCS TSRs. Relative humidity was found to have a strong correlation to the component of wind parallel to the storm motion, especially within air flowing from front to rear.
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Chen, Keji, Xiaofei Pei, Guocheng Ma, and Xuexun Guo. "Longitudinal/Lateral Stability Analysis of Vehicle Motion in the Nonlinear Region." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3419108.

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We focus on the study of motion stability of vehicle nonlinear dynamics. The dynamic model combining with Burckhardt tire model is firstly derived. By phase portrait method, the vehicle stability differences of three cases, front wheels steering/four-wheel steering case, front/rear/four-wheel braking case, and high/low road friction case, are characterized. With the Jacobian matrix, the stable equilibrium point is found and stable areas are calculated out. Similarly, the stability boundaries corresponding to different working conditions are also captured. With vehicle braking or accelerating in the steering process, the relationship between front/rear wheel slippage and the stable area is examined. Comparing with current literatures, the research method and its results present the novelty and provide a guideline for new vehicle controller design.
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Harun, Zambri, Muhammad Syafiq, Mohd Rasidi Rasani, Shahrum Abdullah, Rozli Zulkifli, Wan Mohd Faizal Wan Mahmood, Mariyam Jameelah Ghazali, et al. "Skin Friction Coefficient and Boundary Layer Trend on UKM Aster i-Bond." Applied Mechanics and Materials 629 (October 2014): 450–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.629.450.

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This study concerns with aerodynamic drag on a passenger car. By using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method, we found that values of skin friction coefficients for three different parts of the car: front, top and rear parts, are different. This study addresses three different basic possible flows around a car: favourable, zero and adverse pressure gradients. Generally, cars use approximately 20% of their engine power to overcome aerodynamic drag, which is generally proportional to the frontal area. The boundary layer at each position has been analyzed to ascertain the effect of wall shear stress on the car surface. It is found that the value of wall shear stress velocity is highest at the rear part, followed by front and top parts. Subsequently, it is shown that the front part has the thinnest viscous region despite not being the part with the highest local ambient velocity compared with the top and rear parts. Despite its supposed aerodynamic shape, the rear part of the car sees separation of flow and the total drag per unit area here is the largest, twice as large as front part and more than seven times larger than the top part.
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Lee, Bruce D., Catherine A. Finley, and Timothy M. Samaras. "Surface Analysis near and within the Tipton, Kansas, Tornado on 29 May 2008." Monthly Weather Review 139, no. 2 (February 1, 2011): 370–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010mwr3454.1.

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Abstract Data collected by a mesonet within the near-tornado environment and in the Tipton tornado on 29 May 2008 provided a rare opportunity to analyze rear-flank downdraft (RFD) outflow properties closely bounding a tornado and to characterize parcel thermodynamics being ingested into a tornado from the rear-flank downdraft. Parcels moving into the tornado on its right flank had very small negative buoyancy and considerable potential buoyancy. Measurements within and very near the tornado showed similar buoyancy characteristics to the storm inflow. Analyzed surface divergence and videographic evidence indicated that the RFD outflow just to the right and wrapping in front of the tornado was supported by parcels moving out of a narrow downdraft bordering the right flank of the tornado. Surface flow field analysis showed that parcels moved out of the downdraft-associated divergence region and into the right side of, as well as in front of, the tornado. An internal RFD surge boundary was positioned roughly 0.5 km in front of the eastern edge of the analyzed divergence region and implied downdraft. The broader RFD outflow thermodynamic characteristics were consistent with recent research with only small negative buoyancy and substantial potential buoyancy; however, convective inhibition was considerably higher than typically found in other tornadic cases. This latter characteristic was emblematic of the broader storm environment on this day. Parcels making up the RFD outflow originated from low-levels, consistent with recent findings for tornadic rear-flank downdrafts and in contrast to past historical indications for the rear-flank downdraft source region.
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Kirsanova, M. S., P. A. Boley, A. V. Moiseev, D. S. Wiebe, and R. I. Uklein. "3D structure of the H ii region Sh2-235 from tunable-filter optical observations." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 497, no. 1 (July 10, 2020): 1050–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa2004.

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ABSTRACT We present observations of the H α, H β, [S ii] λλ6716, 6731 and [N ii] λ6583 emission lines in the galactic H ii region Sh2-235 with the Mapper of Narrow Galaxy Lines (MaNGaL), a tunable filter at the 1-m telescope of the Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences. We show that the H ii region is obscured by neutral material with AV ≈ 2−4 mag. The area with the highest AV is situated to the south-west from the ionizing star and coincides with a maximum detected electron density of ≳300 cm−3. The combination of these results with archive AKARI far-infrared data allows us to estimate the contribution of the front and rear walls to the total column density of neutral material in S235 and explain the 3D structure of the region. The H ii region consist of a denser, more compact portion deeply embedded in the neutral medium and the less dense and obscured gas. The front and rear walls of the H ii region are inhomogeneous, with the material in the rear wall having a higher column density. We find a two-sided photodissociation region in the dense clump S235 East 1, illuminated by a UV field with G0 = 50−70 and 200 Habing units in the western and eastern parts, respectively.
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Kim, Jin Man, Minji Lee, Nury Kim, and Won Do Heo. "Optogenetic toolkit reveals the role of Ca2+sparklets in coordinated cell migration." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 21 (May 17, 2016): 5952–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1518412113.

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Cell migration is controlled by various Ca2+signals. Local Ca2+signals, in particular, have been identified as versatile modulators of cell migration because of their spatiotemporal diversity. However, little is known about how local Ca2+signals coordinate between the front and rear regions in directionally migrating cells. Here, we elucidate the spatial role of local Ca2+signals in directed cell migration through combinatorial application of an optogenetic toolkit. An optically guided cell migration approach revealed the existence of Ca2+sparklets mediated by L-type voltage-dependent Ca2+channels in the rear part of migrating cells. Notably, we found that this locally concentrated Ca2+influx acts as an essential transducer in establishing a global front-to-rear increasing Ca2+gradient. This asymmetrical Ca2+gradient is crucial for maintaining front–rear morphological polarity by restricting spontaneous lamellipodia formation in the rear part of migrating cells. Collectively, our findings demonstrate a clear link between local Ca2+sparklets and front–rear coordination during directed cell migration.
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GARUCHAVA, D. P., I. G. MURUSIDZE, G. I. SURAMLISHVILI, N. L. TSINTSADZE, and D. D. TSKHAKAYA. "Interaction of a non-symmetric powerful laser pulse with a plasma." Journal of Plasma Physics 59, no. 1 (January 1998): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377897006107.

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The interaction of a powerful non-symmetric laser pulse with a plasma is studied. The non-symmetry is manifested in an abrupt cut-off of the rear edge of the laser pulse compared with its leading edge. At the same time, three qualitatively different regions are distinguished: the leading edge, the rear edge and the region behind the pulse, where it leaves a wake in the form of generated fields. An analytical solution has been found that defines the longitudinal accelerating field at the end of the rear edge. The results of numerical calculations confirm our physical point of view that the non-symmetry of the laser pulse increases the duration of the ion channel behind the front, thereby enhancing the focusing and effective acceleration of electron bunches.
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Olguin-Olguin, Adan, Anne Aalto, Benoît Maugis, Aleix Boquet-Pujadas, Dennis Hoffmann, Laura Ermlich, Timo Betz, Nir S. Gov, Michal Reichman-Fried, and Erez Raz. "Chemokine-biased robust self-organizing polarization of migrating cells in vivo." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 7 (February 11, 2021): e2018480118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2018480118.

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To study the mechanisms controlling front-rear polarity in migrating cells, we used zebrafish primordial germ cells (PGCs) as an in vivo model. We find that polarity of bleb-driven migrating cells can be initiated at the cell front, as manifested by actin accumulation at the future leading edge and myosin-dependent retrograde actin flow toward the other side of the cell. In such cases, the definition of the cell front, from which bleb-inhibiting proteins such as Ezrin are depleted, precedes the establishment of the cell rear, where those proteins accumulate. Conversely, following cell division, the accumulation of Ezrin at the cleavage plane is the first sign for cell polarity and this aspect of the cell becomes the cell back. Together, the antagonistic interactions between the cell front and back lead to a robust polarization of the cell. Furthermore, we show that chemokine signaling can bias the establishment of the front-rear axis of the cell, thereby guiding the migrating cells toward sites of higher levels of the attractant. We compare these results to a theoretical model according to which a critical value of actin treadmilling flow can initiate a positive feedback loop that leads to the generation of the front-rear axis and to stable cell polarization. Together, our in vivo findings and the mathematical model, provide an explanation for the observed nonoriented migration of primordial germ cells in the absence of the guidance cue, as well as for the directed migration toward the region where the gonad develops.
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Vicente-Manzanares, Miguel, Margaret A. Koach, Leanna Whitmore, Marcelo L. Lamers, and Alan F. Horwitz. "Segregation and activation of myosin IIB creates a rear in migrating cells." Journal of Cell Biology 183, no. 3 (October 27, 2008): 543–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200806030.

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We have found that MLC-dependent activation of myosin IIB in migrating cells is required to form an extended rear, which coincides with increased directional migration. Activated myosin IIB localizes prominently at the cell rear and produces large, stable actin filament bundles and adhesions, which locally inhibit protrusion and define the morphology of the tail. Myosin IIA forms de novo filaments away from the myosin IIB–enriched center and back to form regions that support protrusion. The positioning and dynamics of myosin IIA and IIB depend on the self-assembly regions in their coiled-coil C terminus. COS7 and B16 melanoma cells lack myosin IIA and IIB, respectively; and show isoform-specific front-back polarity in migrating cells. These studies demonstrate the role of MLC activation and myosin isoforms in creating a cell rear, the segregation of isoforms during filament assembly and their differential effects on adhesion and protrusion, and a key role for the noncontractile region of the isoforms in determining their localization and function.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Front and rear region"

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Pilatovac, Melisa, and Meral Colpani. "“Ska man inte få skämta om någonting nuförtiden” : En kvalitativ studie baserad på sexuella trakasserier och uppfattningen av det förebyggande arbetet utifrån ledningen och medarbetares perspektiv." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för lärande, humaniora och samhälle, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-44950.

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Sexual harassment has existed for several decades and is still present in many differentindustries in Sweden. As the metoo movement grew, the topic became increasingly moreknown and current. This qualitative study is based on how management and employees at astate agency perceive preventative work aimed towards counteracting and neutralizing sexualharassments; moreover, the study also investigated whether the metoo-movement hasinfluenced this kind of prevention work. To be able to answer the study's question, aqualitative method was used in the form of eight semi-structured interviews. Based on theempirical data collected, we see that the perception of the preventive work differed betweenmanagement and employees. We want to believe that metoo has contributed to noticeablechanges in the organizational world.Based on information collected during some interviews, it can be stated that the metoomovement has not had a significant contribution to any adjustments in the organizationsprevention work: however, information collected from other interviews points towards therebeing major changes made to prevention work.The significant changes we have observed are updated guidelines and policies, employeesurveys, workplace meetings, and an updated intranet. We believe that sexual harassment isstill a major problem at workplaces and that there is a high number hidden statistic.
Sexuella trakasserier har funnits i flera decennier och finns även i dagsläget inom mångaolika branscher i Sverige. Ämnet blev mycket högaktuellt i takt med metoo-rörelsen. Dennakvalitativa studie är baserad på vilken uppfattning ledningen respektive medarbetare har i enstatlig myndighet på det förebyggande arbetet mot sexuella trakasserier dessutom om metoofenomenet har haft en inverkan på detta arbete. För att kunna besvara studiens frågeställninghar vi i utgått från en kvalitativ metod i form av åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer. Utifrån deninsamlade empirin har vi kunnat läsa av att uppfattningen om det förebyggande arbetetskiljde sig åt mellan ledning och medarbetare. Vi vill lita på att metoo har bidragit tillmärkbara förändringar inom organisationsvärlden. Vid vissa intervjutillfällen har vi kunnatkonstatera att metoo-rörelsen inte bidragit till några särskilda justeringar i organisationensförebyggande arbetet medan vid andra tillfällen har vi fått veta att det skett störreförändringar. De påtagliga förändringar vi har beaktat är uppdaterade riktlinjer och policys,medarbetarenkäter, arbetsplatsträffar och uppdaterad intranät. Vi anser att sexuellatrakasserier fortfarande är en stor problematik på arbetsplatser som består av ett stortmörkertal.
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Pugh, Gary Michael. "A biomechanical comparison of the front and rear lat pull-down exercise." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0000772.

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Seidel, Jared Colin. "Rear Seat Safety for Children in Frontal Impacts." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1511970046224046.

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Chavez, Rodriguez Adolfo 1951. "Modeling mountain-front recharge to regional aquifers." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/191124.

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The estimation of mountain-front recharge to regional aquifers is approached from a hydroclimatic standpoint. Analytical models of the seasonal water yield and streamflow are developed in this dissertation. These models are specialized for hard-rock mountainous watersheds where deep percolation occurs through fractures exclusively. Input variables are considered to be stochastic, and a relationship between precipitation and surface runoff is derived by using a deterministic physical process. Streamflow models for the summer and winter rainy seasons are developed separately in terms of known parameters of the storm process and unknown parameters of the physical process. The winter model considers the generation of surface runoff from both rainfall and snowmelt. These models include the long-term effective subsurface outflow from the mountainous watershed, or mountain-front recharge, as one of the parameters to be identified. The parameter estimation problem is posed in the framework of maximum likelihood theory, where prior information about the model parameters and a suitable weighting scheme for the error terms in the estimation criterion are included. The issues of model and parameter identifiability, uniqueness and stability are addressed, and strategies to mitigate identifiability problems in our modeling are discussed. Finally, the seasonal streamflow models are applied to three mountainous watersheds in the Tucson basin, and maximum likelihood estimates of mountain-front recharge and other model and statistical parameters are obtained. The analysis of estimation errors is performed in both the eigenspace and the original space of the parameters.
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Reynal, Vincent de. "Agricultures en front pionnier amazonien (region de maraba / para, bresil)." Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INAP0013.

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Cette etude vise a comprendre les mecanismes d'evolution des agricultures sur un front pionnier afin notamment d'y apprecier les chances de perennisation de l'agriculture familiale. Riche en produits de la foret et en minerais, la region de maraba est situee a une position de contact entre les poles economiques du centre-sud bresilien, le bassin de main-d'uvre du nord-est et les denses forets de l'interieur ou se sont refugies certains peuples amerindiens. L'histoire nous permet de connaitre la colonisation de la region avant la construction des routes, puis de restituer, tout au long du front pionnier, contexte national, groupes sociaux en presence et avantages respectifs. Sur une zone de 30 000 km 2 on reconstitue la transformation de l'espace depuis la construction des routes (1970) jusqu'aux annees recentes. Trois niveaux d'organisation sont privilegies, le regional, le local et l'exploitation agricole, en prenant en compte pour chacun d'eux dynamiques et articulations avec leurs environnements respectifs. La terre appropriee se valorise de facon differenciee dans l'espace et dans le temps ; les innombrables situations et etats des exploitations, des localites, et de la region forment ensemble une riche mosaique offrant une gamme etendue d'alternatives aux plus demunis comme aux mieux pourvus. Durant les 25 premieres annees, l'environnement politique tant regional que national ne permet pas a l'agriculture familiale de tenir tete aux secteurs patronal et capitaliste. Malgre une amelioration generale du niveau de vie des familles, seules quelques exploitations bien dotees se maintiennent. Dans le meme temps, de nombreuses terres sous-exploitees du secteur capitaliste passent sous le controle du secteur familial ; l'appui recent de l'etat federal a l'agriculture familiale de ces dernieres annees dans un contexte regional autre offre un cadre plus favorable a la perennisation de la paysannerie.
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Gregory, Kathryn Mary. "Late Eocene paleoaltitude, paleoclimate, and paleogeography of the Front Range region, Colorado." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185985.

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Erosion beveled the Laramide Front Range uplift in Colorado to a surface of low relief by the end of the Eocene. This study uses paleobotanic climate analysis techniques to determine the paleoelevation of this regional surface by examining the overlying 34.9 Ma Florissant flora. Multiple regression models explaining 93.4% of the variance in mean annual temperature (MAT), 86.1% of the variance in growing season precipitation (GSP) and 65.7% of the variance in rainfall distribution were derived from J. A. Wolfe's dataset of 31 leaf physiognomic character states from 86 modern vegetation sites. When applied to a new collection of 29 species from the Florissant flora, estimates of MAT = 10.7 ± 1.5°C, and GSP = 55.6 ± 12.5 cm, with precipitation occurring mostly during the growing season, are derived. This paleoclimate estimate is corroborated by data from late Eocene Sequoia affinis from Florissant. Higher mean ring width of the fossil trees as compared to modern counterparts can be explained by a climate with summer mean monthly temperatures ≥ 14°C and summer mean monthly rainfall >1.5 cm. The estimated MAT, when combined with coeval sea level MAT and terrestrial lapse rate, implies an elevation of 2.3-3.3 km for Florissant, which is indistinguishable from the modern elevation of 2.5 km. The elevation of Florissant is tied to that of the Great Plains by the Wall Mountain Tuff, so the Great Plains were also high. The elevation was created either by underplating and/or mass transfer in the Laramide, or by mantle uplift of crust thickened by pre-Laramide tectonics. This elevation estimate implies that: (1) Pliocene uplift is not required to explain the present elevation. Thus, late Tertiary plateau uplift in the western US was not a contributing factor to the marked global cooling since 15 Ma; and (2) in the late Eocene, regional surfaces of planation could be formed at elevations significantly above sea level but below tree line. The surface was possibly formed from a lack of storminess; a preponderance of small storm events will diffusively smooth topography.
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Chavarría, Castillo Cindy Cecilia, Jar Carlos Alfredo Casquero, and Castillo Dionel Martínez. "Smuggling: its importance in the trinational region in front of the spatial structure." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Centro de Investigación en Geografía Aplicada, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/119820.

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The research focuses on the contraband´s spatial interactions that arise front to spatial structure, organization and pre existing complementary links, we identified through a diachronic analysis, establishing our field of study as the geographic area we call Trinational Macro Region: southern Peru, northern Chile and western Bolivia. This activity generates spatial dynamics and flows that are developed in the context of globalization and these exploit existing comparative advantages, i.e. the status of being neighbouring countries, the strategic location with respect to South America and the rest of the world, the communication channels, the absence of the state in these regions and price differentiation between licit products and contraband ones. These dynamic and flows, these are spatialize under various strategies adopted to transport contraband, storage and distribution of products.
La investigación se centra en las interacciones espaciales del contrabando que surgen frentea una estructura espacial, organización y vínculos de complementariedad preexistentes, que identificamos mediante un análisis diacrónico, estableciendo como nuestro campo de estudio el área geográfica que denominamos macrorregión trinacional: el sur del Perú, el norte de Chiley el noroeste de Boliva. Esta actividad genera dinámicas espaciales y flujos que se desarrollan en el contexto de la globalización y aprovechan las ventajas comparativas existentes, es decir, la condición de ser países fronterizos, la localización estratégica con respecto a América del Sur y el resto del mundo, las vías de comunicación, la débil presencia del Estado en estas regiones y la diferenciación de precios entre los productos lícitos y los de contrabando. Estas dinámicas y flujos se espacializan bajo diversas estrategias que adopta el contrabando para el traslado, almacenamiento y distribución de los productos.
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Guy, Ianto John. "An analysis of the interaction between the front and rear axles of a four-wheel-drive tractor, and its contribution to power delivery efficiency." Thesis, Harper Adams University College, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.542600.

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Nasuti, Stéphanie-Caroline. "Une situation de « post-front pionnier » : le cas de la region rurale de Ciriaco (Maranhão - Brésil)." Thesis, Paris 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA030067/document.

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Cette étude présente les composantes spatio-temporelles ayant structuré une région d’arrière-front pionnier de la frange orientale de l’Amazonie brésilienne [pré-Amazonie maranhense, Imperatriz]. Afin de saisir les conditions d’organisation du peuplement, nous cartographions les trajectoires migratoires de la première génération ayant afflué massivement dans les années soixante, que nous comparons aux actuelles stratégies de circulation des jeunes générations. L’évolution foncière, inhérente à la consolidation d’un front pionnier, s’est singularisée par diverses interventions directes de l’Etat fédéral, privilégiant tour à tour la régularisation individuelle pour rétablir la paix sociale [Getat] puis l’usufruit collectif des terres pour préserver l’environnement [aires protégées]. Nous avons reconstitué les étapes de la chaîne foncière, montrant dans quelles conditions des petits agriculteurs ont pu accéder durablement à la propriété jusqu’à l’implantation d’une réserve extractiviste, Ciriaco, cas d’étude central de ce travail. Cette opération amène la question de la modernisation des produits de l’extractivisme et de la capacité des populations rurales à s’insérer dans les circuits commerciaux. La transformation de la noix de babaçu [Orbignya spp.], activité en désuétude, exprime pourtant une identité collective forte, qui s’incarne dans un mouvement social emblématique des transformations du milieu politico-associatif rural, qui entre dans une démarche réflexive et acquiert plus d’autonomie, concourant à structurer les communautés rurales en zone de front pionnier. Cette dynamique régionale se complète par les problématiques actuelles du secteur sidérurgique, activité pionnière de fort impact, mais dont l’implantation dans les années quatre-vingts a donné une envergure nationale à la région d’Imperatriz. Aujourd’hui, pour assurer la « durabilité » de ses activités, le secteur est contraint de déployer un véritable système spatial articulé autour d’une forêt plantée d’eucalyptus, de sa transformation en charbon végétal aboutissant aux lingots de fer-gueuse
This study presents the spatial and temporal components that have led to the organization of a post pioneer front located in the oriental part of the Brazilian Amazon region [pre-Amazônia maranhense, Imperatriz]. In order to understand the settlement process of this region, we first outline a cartographic analysis of the life event and migratory movements of the first generation, who had come to the region massively in the 1960ies; second, we compare the latter with the actual circulation strategies of the younger generations. The evolution of land tenure, which is inherent to the consolidation of a settlement front, has taken place continuously by a series of direct interventions by the Federal Government, first privileging individual regularization in order to restore social peace [Getat]; then collective land use aiming at the preservation of the environment [protected areas]. In this work, we reconstruct the different steps of the land property regulation chain, in order to identify the conditions under which small farmers could become “property owners” and to show how this process ultimately led to the delimitation of the Ciriaco extractive reserve, which constitutes our main case study, . This operation leads to the question of the modernization of the extractive economy and to the capacity of rural populations to take over in trading and to develop economic circuits. If the transformation of the babassu nut [Orbignya spp.] seems to be bound to become extinct, the activity however still holds a strong collective identity, embodied in a social movement which has been emblematic of the transformations of rural politico-associative entities. They are adopting a more reflexive position, and gaining more autonomy, contributing to structure the different rural communities of the settlement front. This regional dynamics must be completed by current issues of the pig-iron sector, a pioneer activity which had a heavy impact on the region around Imperatriz but has also contributed to give it an [inter]national importance since the 1980ies. Today, in order to ensure the sustainability of its activities, the pig-iron sector is compelled to spread out a real spatial system articulated around a forest of planted eucalyptus and its transformation into charcoal and then pig-iron ingot
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Katkhouda, Kamal [Verfasser], Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] Schaaf, Edda [Akademischer Betreuer] Rädlein, and Andreas [Akademischer Betreuer] Grohe. "Aluminum-based PVD rear-side metallization for front-junction nPERT silicon solar cells / Kamal Katkhouda. Technische Universität Ilmenau. Gutachter: Edda Rädlein ; Andreas Grohe. Betreuer: Peter Schaaf." Ilmenau : Universitätsbibliothek Ilmenau, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1070505129/34.

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Books on the topic "Front and rear region"

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Rebel private, front and rear: Memoirs of a Confederate soldier. New York: Dutton, 1995.

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Keber, Katarina, and Miha Šimac. "Patriae ac humanitati": Zdravstvena organizacija v zaledju soške fronte = "Patriae ac humanitati" : health care in the rear of the Isonzo Front. Ljubljana: Zgodovinski inštitut Milka Kosa ZRC SAZU, 2011.

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Ontario. Ministry of Transportation and Communications. Ontario's School Bus Stopping Law: Regardless of Posted Speed Limit Traffic in Both Directions Must Stop when A Chrome-Yellow School Bus Flashes Red Lights Front and Rear. S.l: s.n, 1987.

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Conference, Utah Geological Association Symposium and Field. Environmental & engineering geology of the Wasatch Front Region: 1995 UGA Symposium and Field Conference, September 22 & 23, 1995, Salt Lake City, Utah. Salt Lake City, UT: Utah Geological Association, 1995.

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United States. Bureau of Reclamation. Denver Office. Facilities Engineering Branch. Review of power operation and maintenance program: Review report : electrical features, lower Colorado region, Boulder Project, Parker-Davis Project, Colorado River Front Work and Levee System, Colorado River Basin and Salinity Control Act, October 30 - November 3, 1989. Denver, Colo: Facilities Engineering Branch, Engineering Division, Denver Office, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, 1990.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on International Relations. The crisis in Darfur: A new front in Sudan's bloody war ; and condemning the government of the Republic of the Sudan for its attacks against innocent civilians in the impoverished Darfur Region of Western Sudan : hearing and markup before the Committee on International Relations, House of Representatives, One Hundred Eighth Congress, second session, on H. Con. Res. 403, May 6, 2004. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2004.

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Rebel Private Front and Rear. University of Texas Press, 2012.

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Hapkins, Anthony. Songs from the Front and Rear. Hurtig Pub, 1985.

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Rebel Private: Front And Rear - Memoirs Of A Confederate Soldier. Books on Tape, Inc., 1996.

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Fletcher, William A. Rebel Private: Front and Rear: Memoirs of a Confederate Soldier. Plume, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Front and rear region"

1

Baghdadi, Sara, and Noureddine Aboutabit. "Front and Rear Vehicle Classification." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 264–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36674-2_28.

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Weinstein, Scott A. "Non-front-Fanged Colubroid (“Rear-Fanged”) Snakes." In Critical Care Toxicology, 1–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20790-2_93-1.

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Llense, Flora, and Sandrine Etienne-Manneville. "Front-to-Rear Polarity in Migrating Cells." In Cell Polarity 1, 115–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14463-4_5.

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Zellmer, Harald, Stefan Lührs, and Klaus Brüggemann. "Optimized Belt Systems for Front and Rear Seat Passengers." In Human Biomechanics and Injury Prevention, 105–10. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-66967-8_13.

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Price, Alan. "Reporter at the Front and Organizer at the Rear: 1915." In The End of The Age of Innocence, 39–76. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-05183-7_3.

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Yuval-Davis, Nira. "Front and Rear: the Sexual Division of Labour in the Israeli Army." In Women, State and Ideology, 186–204. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-18650-1_11.

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Oommen, B. John, and E. R. Hansen. "Expedient stochastic move-to-front and optimal stochastic move-to-rear list organizing strategies." In ICDT '86, 349–64. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-17187-8_46.

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Cvok, Ivan, Joško Deur, H. Eric Tseng, and Davor Hrovat. "Analysis of Active Suspension Performance Improvement Based on Introducing Front/Rear LQ Control Coupling." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 1829–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38077-9_208.

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Saathoff, Andreas, and Thomas Kersten. "The new chassis of Volkswagen ID.3 within MEB platform – Front Axle, Rear Axle." In Proceedings, 1–17. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-63193-5_1.

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Dumitru, Nicolae, Cristian Copilusi, Ionut Geonea, and Alexandru Margine. "Kinematic and Dynamic Study of a Mechanism for a Vehicle Front and Rear Stabilizer Bars." In CONAT 2016 International Congress of Automotive and Transport Engineering, 161–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45447-4_18.

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Conference papers on the topic "Front and rear region"

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Huang, Yiwen, and Yan Chen. "Estimation and Analysis of Vehicle Lateral Stability Region With Both Front and Rear Wheel Steering." In ASME 2017 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2017-5154.

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In this paper, a novel vehicle lateral stability region estimation method considering both front and rear wheel steering is introduced. Vehicle lateral stability regions are estimated by a local linearization method, which guarantees both vehicle local stability and handling stability. The impacts of front and rear wheel steering angles on stability region estimations are formulated and discussed. To quantitatively explain the shifting feature of stability regions under different front/rear steering angles, an explicit analysis about how the equilibrium points and the geometric centers of stability regions change with respect to different steering angles is formulated. The obtained relationship enables the estimation of stability regions in real time for varying front/rear steering angles. The additional rear wheel steering helps to maintain vehicle states stay within estimated stability regions. To show the effectiveness of the proposed real-time stability region estimation method and stability analysis, a Simulink and CarSim® co-simulation is applied to verify that vehicle states are covered within varying stability regions for a single lane change maneuver.
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Danner, Florian, and Christofer Kendall-Torry. "Effect of Blade Tip Modifications for Unducted Propulsors on Tip Vortex-Rotor Interaction Noise." In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-27134.

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Front rotor tip vortices impinging on a downstream blade row of an unducted propulsor induce distinct unsteadiness to blade loads with associated sound emissions. Since the region of unsteadiness is concentrated near the blade tips, reducing the rear rotor tip diameter represents a potential means for minimising interaction noise. A survey on the aeroacoustic effects resulting from a cropped rear rotor in combination with a front rotor blade tip modification is therefore presented. Analyses are based on data from computational fluid dynamics solutions with the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations and direct acoustic predictions. The evaluation of polar directivities, blade surface pressure disturbances and details of the unsteady flow field provide insight into the underlying phenomena. Results show that an arbitrary reduction of the rear rotor tip diameter does not necessarily decrease noise radiation and that winglet-like structures applied to the front rotor blade tips are capable of reducing acoustic emissions due to tip vortex-rotor interactions.
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Johnson, M. C., and E. M. Greitzer. "Effects of Slotted Hub and Casing Treatments on Compressor Endwall Flow Fields." In ASME 1986 International Gas Turbine Conference and Exhibit. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/86-gt-247.

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An experimental investigation was carried out to examine the influence of a rotating slotted hub treatment on a compressor stator passage endwall. Detailed mapping of the three-dimensional unsteady velocity field near the hub was done for a smooth hub and a hub having axial skewed slots. With the smooth wall, the velocity measurements indicate that a large region of blockage occurs near the rear of the blade passage. This blockage is seen to be associated with the hub endwall rather than either the suction surface or the pressure surface of the blade. With axial skewed slots, the blockage is markedly decreased, the stalling flow coefficient is reduced, and the peak pressure rise greatly increased. Due to the axial (rear-to-front) flow in the slots, there is a region of fluid removal (from the endwall) near the rear of the passage and a strong fluid injection, or jet, near the front. The data appear to support the idea that it is primarily the flow removal, and not the jet, which is responsible for the improvement in stall margin found with hub and casing treatment. Furthermore, the data indicate that it is the (dissipation of the) high velocities in the jet that is the prime source of the efficiency reduction associated with this treatment.
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Koizumi, Yasuo, Atsushi Katsuta, and Hiroyasu Ohtake. "Flow and Heat Transfer of Micro-Tube Bank." In ASME 2010 8th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels collocated with 3rd Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm-icnmm2010-30711.

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Heat transfer and flow behavior in a mini-tube bank was examined. The tube bank was simulated with wires of 1 mm diameter. The wires were arranged in the 5×5 in-line array and the 5×5 staggered array with the arranging pitch = 3. Experiments were performed in the range of the tube Reynolds number Re = 4 ∼ 3,500. Numerical analyses were also performed with the commercial CFD code of STAR-CD. The heat transfer coefficient of the tube of the first row was well expressed with the existing heat transfer correlations. In the case of the in-line array, unlike usual sized tube banks, the measured heat transfer coefficients of the tubes after the second row were lower than those of the first row and the difference between those increased as the Reynolds number was increased. At approximately Reynolds number ≃ 50, the difference turned to decrease; the heat transfer coefficients initiate to recover to the first row value. Then, the heat transfer coefficient in the rear row became larger at approximately Re ≃ 1,000 than that of the first row. In the case of the staggered array, the decrease in the heat transfer coefficient in the rear row was smaller than that in the case of the in-line array. The recovery of the heat transfer coefficient to the first row value started at a little bit lower Reynolds number and it exceeded the first row value at approximately Re ≃ 700. The flow visualization results and also the STAR-CD analytical results indicated that when the Reynolds number was low, the wake region of the preceding tube was stagnant. This flow stagnation caused the heat transfer deterioration in the front part of the rear tube, which resulted in the lower heat transfer coefficient of the rear tube than that of the first row. As the Reynolds number was increased, the flow state in the wake region changed from the stagnant condition to the more disturbed condition by periodical shedding of the Karman vortex. This change caused the recovery of the heat transfer in the front region of the rear tube, which resulted in the recovery of the heat transfer coefficient of the rear tube.
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Cho, Leesang, Hyunmin Choi, Seawook Lee, and Jinsoo Cho. "Numerical and Experimental Analyses for the Aerodynamic Design of High Performance Counter-Rotating Axial Flow Fans." In ASME 2009 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2009-78507.

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A study was done on the numerical and experimental analyses for the aerodynamic design of high performance of the counter rotating axial fan (CRF). Front rotor and rear rotor blades of a counter rotating axial fan are designed using the simplified meridional flow analysis method with the radial equilibrium equation and the free vortex design condition, according to design requirements. The through-flow fields and the aerodynamic characteristics of the designed rotor blades are analyzed by the matrix method and the frequency domain panel method. Fan performance curves are measured by following the standard fan testing method, KS B 6311. Three-dimensional flow fields in the CRF are analyzed by using the prism type five-hole probe. Performance characteristics of a counter-rotating axial flow fan are estimated for the variation of design parameters such as the hub to tip ratio, the taper ratio and the solidity. The effect of the hub to tip ratio on the fan efficiency is significant compared with the effects of other design parameters such as the solidity and the taper ratio. The fan efficiency is peak at the hub to tip ratio of 0.4, which is almost same point for the front rotor efficiency and rear rotor efficiency. The magnitudes of the meridional and relative velocities on the front and rear rotors are increased with the radial direction from hub to tip. This results in the reverse pressure gradient at the blade leading edges of both the front rotor and the rear rotor. Axial velocities of the CRF, which are measured by the prism type five-hole probe, are gradually increased at the mean radius due to the flow contraction effect. At the hub region, axial velocity is gradually decreased due to the flow separation and the hub vortex compare with design results. This result induces the increment of the incidence angle and the diffusion factor of the front rotor and the rear rotor.
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Caguiat, Daniel E., Jeffrey S. Patterson, John Scharschan, and Knox Millsaps. "Improvements to Compressor Prognostics Algorithm for US Navy Ship Service Gas Turbine Generator Sets." In ASME Turbo Expo 2005: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2005-68105.

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The Naval Surface Warfare Center Gas Turbine Emerging Technologies section conducted land-based testing on a gas turbine generator set in December 2003. The purpose of this testing, which was conducted on a Rolls Royce/Allison 501-K17 gas turbine, was to collect data that could be used to improve a previously developed computer program for predicting optimal compressor wash time intervals. For the purpose of Phase I of this testing, fouling was accomplished by injecting salt into the gas turbine inlet air stream. Phase II of this testing will consist of fouling the middle and back regions of the compressor. Influence coefficients can then be developed for each of these regions indicating how a given region affects overall performance. Typically, in a marine environment, fouling of the front stages occurs due to ingested salt while fouling in middle and rear regions occurs from a combination of ingested salt and oil seal leakage. A number of sensors, including compressor inlet and discharge condition probes, bleed air flow and fuel flow meters, were added in order to monitor engine performance during the testing. In addition, hardware was added to both ingest and monitor the concentration of salt in gas turbine inlet air. For Phase II testing, middle and rear stages of the 14-stage compressor shall be accessed through existing 5th and 10th stage bleed ports. A salt solution will be physically applied to the blades while the compressor is rotated by hand. Results from Phase I indicate that front stage compressor fouling causes a clear increase in inlet static pressure. This is due to the mass flow restriction through the compressor. Additional results are currently being summarized, and data is being utilized to improve the 501-K17 compressor wash prognostics algorithm previously noted.
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Fujioka, Hideki, David Halpern, and James B. Grotberg. "Effect of Parenchymal Tethering on the Steady Propagation of a Liquid Plug in a Flexible Airway Model." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-176373.

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Surface tension on an air-liquid interface induces liquid flows, which may cause the lung’s airways to close due to the formation of a liquid plug as a result of drainage of the liquid lining coating the airways. Formation of the plug occurs more frequently when lung-surfactant availability is reduced. [1] Mechanical stresses due to fluid motion cause pulmonary epithelial cells to be damaged. [2, 3] Our previous studies for plug propagation in a rigid wall channel show that mechanical stresses are significantly large in the front transition region of the plug compared to the rear transition region. [7, 8] Pulmonary airways are flexible tubes which are surrounded by elastic parenchyma. In this study, the steady propagation of a liquid plug in a flexible tube is investigated numerically and mechanical stresses acting on the epithelial cells are estimated.
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Liu, Lei, Fu Chen, Huanlong Chen, and Yanping Song. "Numerical Investigation on Impact of a Flush-Mounted Airintake Exit Distortion to the Rear Fan Performance." In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-26442.

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For the sake of investigating impact of inlet distortion on the fan stage performance, numerical simulation of the whole structure of a flush-mounted S-shaped inlet and the rear fan stage was conducted in this paper. The single fan stage with uniform air admission was researched at the same time for comparison. Considering substantial boundary layer ingesting, a scheme of suction control imposed at the first bend of the inlet was also carried out. The results show that the total pressure ratio as well as the efficiency of the fan stage decreases dramatically and the choked mass flow has a reduction about 1.20% as compare with the uniform air condition. With suction control, aerodynamic performance of the fan stage improves slightly, the choked mass flow and total pressure ratio at the maximum isentropic efficiency point increase about 0.28% and 0.25% respectively, and the stable operation range is extended. With effect of rotating rotor, the significant low energy region at bottom of the airintake exit decrease continually as it travels downstream to the rotor and covers nearly three flow passages at the front-edge rotor blade, moreover, the high-energy fluid mixes with the low-energy fluid.
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Egan, V., T. W. Confrey, D. Newport, and V. Lacarac. "Measurement of Transient Natural Convection in Non-Ventilated Aircraft Compartments." In ASME 2008 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the Fluids Engineering, Energy Sustainability, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2008-56284.

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The present study focuses on heat transfer behaviour in aircraft compartments. The objectives of the analysis were to investigate the transient effects on fluid flow structures and heat transfer mechanisms in aircraft wing boxes relative to aircraft turnaround times. Experimental methods employed were flow visualisation and thermocouple measurements. A simplified air filled aluminium rectangular enclosure of aspect ratio 0.25 was constructed to replicate an aircraft wing box. Rubber insulation was used between wall surfaces to maintain separate thermal boundary conditions at each wall. Flow visualisation was used to illustrate the transient evolution of full field flow structures and thermocouple measurements were recorded to investigate the full field transient temperature distribution. Experiments were carried out from time zero to steady state and were conducted for Rayleigh numbers of 2.87×106, 4.81×106 and 7.39×106 based on enclosure height. Fluid flow patterns revealed the presence of two counter acting flows in the cavity with a downward motion adjacent to the front and rear sides of the enclosure. The downward motions were present due to the cooling of the warm air inside the cavity by the adjacent cooler aluminium side walls. Secondary flows existed in the lower region of the cavity specifically prominent to the front and rear surfaces where the height of detachment of the flow varied with time and temperature of the adjacent side walls. Transient spatial temperature distribution plots confirmed the approach to steady state was gradual, that a vertically thermal stratified distribution existed in the cavity and the presence of the thermal boundary layers along the horizontal and vertical walls were clearly evident. It was concluded that transient effects are significant relative to aircraft turnaround times as it was observed that the flow structures change over the initial transient phase of analysis and remain similar thereafter. Wing box material thermophysical properties influenced the developed flow structures causing two secondary flows to exist along the front and rear spar walls. Vertical temperature distribution results were generalised using a power law based on dimensionless time (t*), dimensionless temperature (T*) and Rayleigh number.
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Madasseri Payyappalli, Manas, Arghya Karmakar, and A. M. Pradeep. "Windmilling Characteristics of a Contra-Rotating Fan." In ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-14373.

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Abstract In the present experimental study, a low aspect ratio, low hub-tip ratio contra-rotating axial fan is investigated to understand its performance under windmilling conditions. Two configurations are tested; in the first configuration (event A), the front rotor of the contra-rotating fan is powered and the rear rotor is allowed to windmill; in the second configuration (event B), the rear rotor of the contra-rotating fan is powered and the front rotor is allowed to windmill. The spanwise distribution of the loading coefficient and the flow angles at different streamwise positions reveal the details of the flow development across the rotors. The performances of event A and event B are nearly similar; however, event A stalls earlier than event B. Though the average total pressure drops across the windmilling rotor for both the events, a small spanwise region behaves as a fan or a stirrer. Thus, a “neutral radius” on the windmilling rotor is identified for both events A and B. The neutral radius appears close to the tip for event A and it appears close to the hub for event B. On the windmilling rotor in either events, the span regions close to the tip for event A behaves as a fan and the span regions close to the hub for event B behaves as a stirrer. It is also observed that the neutral radius shifts its position to a lower span location as the flow coefficient reduces. Thus, the flow coefficient is a significant parameter that decides the position of the neutral radius. Further, the unsteady pressure measurements recorded at the casing captures the fundamental phenomena during the stall inception. The paper thus relates the similarities and unveils the contrasting features of the windmilling events A and B. In summary, this paper discusses the performance, flow physics and stall inception characteristics of a contra-rotating axial fan under windmilling conditions.
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Reports on the topic "Front and rear region"

1

Davidson, A., and J. W. F. Ketchum. Grenville front studies in the Sudbury Region, Ontario. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/134254.

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Nishimura, Masatsugu, Yoshitaka Tezuka, Enrico Picotti, Mattia Bruschetta, Francesco Ambrogi, and Toru Yoshii. Study of Rider Model for Motorcycle Racing Simulation. SAE International, January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2019-32-0572.

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Various rider models have been proposed that provide control inputs for the simulation of motorcycle dynamics. However, those models are mostly used to simulate production motorcycles, so they assume that all motions are in the linear region such as those in a constant radius turn. As such, their performance is insufficient for simulating racing motorcycles that experience quick acceleration and braking. Therefore, this study proposes a new rider model for racing simulation that incorporates Nonlinear Model Predictive Control. In developing this model, it was built on the premise that it can cope with running conditions that lose contact with the front wheels or rear wheels so-called "endo" and "wheelie", which often occur during running with large acceleration or deceleration assuming a race. For the control inputs to the vehicle, we incorporated the lateral shift of the rider's center of gravity in addition to the normally used inputs such as the steering angle, throttle position, and braking force. We compared the performance of the new model with that of the conventional model under constant radius cornering and straight braking, as well as complex braking and acceleration in a single (hairpin) corner that represented a racing run. The results showed that the new rider model outperformed the conventional model, especially in the wider range of running speed usable for a simulation. In addition, we compared the simulation results for complex braking and acceleration in a single hairpin corner produced by the new model with data from an actual race and verified that the new model was able to accurately simulate the run of actual MotoGP riders.
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Wilson, Jr, and Thomas G. Extending the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao to the Moro Islamic Liberation Front a Catalyst for Peace. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada506642.

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