Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Front polaire'
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Oziel, Laurent. "Variabilité de la mer de Barents et son impact sur le phytoplancton." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066483/document.
Full textThe Barents Sea has a particularly rich ecosystem. This is an Arctic region subject to intense climate changes. The drastic decrease in sea ice cover is the most visible effect. What are the impacts of these climatic changes on the hydrology and phytoplankton? In order to answer these questions, this thesis relies on the creation of an extensive historical database of physical and bio-geochemical parameters. A 3D bio-geochemical model with an Arctic specific ecosystem is used when observations are lacking. At least, remote sensing data provides valuable time series of Ice concentration, Chlorophyll-a... The Polar Front, separating the Atlantic Water coming from the Nordic Sea from the Arctic Water, is the principal feature of the Barents Sea region. Its position is known west of 35°E, but we showed that the polar front splits into two branches in the East part of the Barents Sea: the "Southern Front" and the "Northern Front". They enclose the winter locally formed Barents Sea Water. An “Atlantification”, illustrating a doubling of the Atlantic Water volume, has been evidenced and goes along with a North-eastward shift of the fronts. These hydrological and sea ice changes have a significant impact on the phytoplankton development. The two blooms of the Barents Sea occur further North and East with a 40% total anual biomass increase for the last two decades. This study suggests that the winter sea ice conditions and the frontal structure are the key mechanisms driving the inter-annual phytoplankton variability
Gendron-Badou, Aïcha. "Paléopositions du front polaire antarctique au cours du Pléistocène dans la région de Kerguelen (Océan Indien austral)." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MNHN0024.
Full textKrug, Jean. "Intéractions calottes polaires/océan : modélisation des processus de vêlage au front des glaciers émissaires." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENU033/document.
Full textPolar ice-sheets discharge and subsequent sea level rise is a major concern. Warming climate affects the behaviour of tidewater outlets glaciers and increases their ice discharge. As they drain the ice flow toward the ocean, it is pivotal to incorporate their dynamics when modelling the ice-sheet response to global warming. However, tidewater glacier dynamics is still complicated to understand, as they are believed to involve many feedbacks. The one between calving margin dynamics and glacier general dynamics is fundamental. This PhD thesis focuses on modelling the calving front of outlet glaciers, in order to enhance the representation of physical processes occurring at their margin. To do so, we build up a new framework for calving based on damage mechanics and fracture mechanics. This allows us to represent the slow degradation of the ice rheological properties from a virgin state to the appearance of a crevasse field, as well as the rapid fracture propagation associated with calving events. Our model is then constrained within a 2D flow-line representation of Helheim Glacier, Greenland. We find some parameters sets for which the glacier behaviour is coherent with its past evolution. Sensitivity tests are carried out and they reveal the significance of each model parameter. This new calving law is then employed to study the impact of submarine frontal melting and ice mélange (heterogeneous mixture of sea-ice and icebergs) on glacier dynamics. These two forcings are usually suspected to be responsible for the seasonal variations of the calving margin. Our results show that both forcings impact the front dynamics. The melting, however, only slightly changes the front position, when the ice mélange can force the glacier front to displace up to a few kilometers. Additionally, if the melting at the front is not sufficient to affect the inter-annual mass balance, this is not obvious when forced by ice mélange. At last, our model highlights a feature which is specific to floating glaciers: for the strongest forcings, the glacier equilibrium may be modified, as well as its pluri-annual mass balance.STAR
Oziel, Laurent. "Variabilité de la mer de Barents et son impact sur le phytoplancton." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2015PA066483.pdf.
Full textThe Barents Sea has a particularly rich ecosystem. This is an Arctic region subject to intense climate changes. The drastic decrease in sea ice cover is the most visible effect. What are the impacts of these climatic changes on the hydrology and phytoplankton? In order to answer these questions, this thesis relies on the creation of an extensive historical database of physical and bio-geochemical parameters. A 3D bio-geochemical model with an Arctic specific ecosystem is used when observations are lacking. At least, remote sensing data provides valuable time series of Ice concentration, Chlorophyll-a... The Polar Front, separating the Atlantic Water coming from the Nordic Sea from the Arctic Water, is the principal feature of the Barents Sea region. Its position is known west of 35°E, but we showed that the polar front splits into two branches in the East part of the Barents Sea: the "Southern Front" and the "Northern Front". They enclose the winter locally formed Barents Sea Water. An “Atlantification”, illustrating a doubling of the Atlantic Water volume, has been evidenced and goes along with a North-eastward shift of the fronts. These hydrological and sea ice changes have a significant impact on the phytoplankton development. The two blooms of the Barents Sea occur further North and East with a 40% total anual biomass increase for the last two decades. This study suggests that the winter sea ice conditions and the frontal structure are the key mechanisms driving the inter-annual phytoplankton variability
Barton, Benjamin I. "Climate change in the Barents Sea : ice-ocean interactions, water mass formation and variability." Thesis, Brest, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BRES0053.
Full textWinter sea ice has declined in the Barents Sea and there is growing evidence that the low sea ice here coincides with cold, winter surface air temperature in Europe and Asia. Atlantic Water (AW) transported into the Barents Sea is warming and its temperature variability is correlated with variability in sea ice extent. As AW extends into the Barents Sea it is modified into a cooler, fresher water mass called BarentsSea Water (BSW). There are limited observations of BSW despite its importance in the Arctic Ocean system, leading to the question, how does the seasonal sea ice impact ocean stratification and mean flow?First, satellite observations are used to find the Polar Front, a water mass boundary between BSW and fresher Arctic Water to the north. The sea ice extent was found to be independent of the Polar Front until the mid-2000s when warming AW prevented the extension of winter sea ice south of the front.Second, by combining satellite and in situ data, it is shown that sea surface temperature can approximate heat content in the Barents Sea. Using heat content with satellite steric height, freshwater content can also be estimated, showing the potential for remote monitoring of BSW properties.Third, a high-resolution model is used to calculate the volume, transport and flux budgets within the AW and BSW domain south of the Polar Front. The model shows BSW volume minimum years in 1990 and2004. Both events were preceded by extensive winter sea ice and substantial summer sea ice melt, a result of preceding, cool AW. The event in 2004 was more extreme and allowed warming AW a greater volume in the Barents Sea
Massardier-Galatà, Lauriane. "Succès de la reproduction de prédateurs en contexte de changements climatiques et de la dynamique océanique – Application aux « central place foragers » des zones australes, approche par la modélisation individu centrée." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR4050/document.
Full textClimate change has certain impact on the marine ecosystems. A southward shift in productive frontal systems serving as the main foraging sites for many top predator species is likely to occur in the Subantarctic areas. Central place foragers, as seabirds and pinnipeds, are thus likely to cope with an increase in the distance between foraging locations and their land-based breeding colonies. We studied the impact of climate change on the breeding success and population dynamics of Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) at Kerguelen Islands by means of an individual based model we developped, MarCPFS (Marine Central Place Foragers Simulator) which showed that the survival of the female-pup pair is particularly sensitive to the distribution of preys (abundance and structure), to the memorization abilities of the best resource sites found by the female during the rearing period, to the female size and to the foraging distance which it is necessary to cover at each trip. The results suggest that during the next three decades a southward shift greater than 2 km year-1 could compromise the survival and the sustainability of the populations. A coupling with a model of simulation of the oceanic dynamics and the resource (SEAPODYM) allowed projections till the end of this century based on scenarios RCP8.5 of the IPCC (2014), confirming the trends previously obtained. Globally, these works lead us to conclude with pessimistic perspectives about the sustainability of populations even when considering an evolution through time towards individuals of greater sizes
Massardier-Galatà, Lauriane. "Succès de la reproduction de prédateurs en contexte de changements climatiques et de la dynamique océanique – Application aux « central place foragers » des zones australes, approche par la modélisation individu centrée." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR4050.
Full textClimate change has certain impact on the marine ecosystems. A southward shift in productive frontal systems serving as the main foraging sites for many top predator species is likely to occur in the Subantarctic areas. Central place foragers, as seabirds and pinnipeds, are thus likely to cope with an increase in the distance between foraging locations and their land-based breeding colonies. We studied the impact of climate change on the breeding success and population dynamics of Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) at Kerguelen Islands by means of an individual based model we developped, MarCPFS (Marine Central Place Foragers Simulator) which showed that the survival of the female-pup pair is particularly sensitive to the distribution of preys (abundance and structure), to the memorization abilities of the best resource sites found by the female during the rearing period, to the female size and to the foraging distance which it is necessary to cover at each trip. The results suggest that during the next three decades a southward shift greater than 2 km year-1 could compromise the survival and the sustainability of the populations. A coupling with a model of simulation of the oceanic dynamics and the resource (SEAPODYM) allowed projections till the end of this century based on scenarios RCP8.5 of the IPCC (2014), confirming the trends previously obtained. Globally, these works lead us to conclude with pessimistic perspectives about the sustainability of populations even when considering an evolution through time towards individuals of greater sizes
Donnadille, Jérôme. "Dynamique d'altitude dans un cas de cyclogenèse au Nord du courant-jet polaire pendant Fastex : étude diagnostique et numérique." Toulouse 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU30164.
Full textHepburn, Laura. "Hydrothermal sediment geochemistry south of the Antarctic Polar Front." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2015. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/384574/.
Full textGarabato, Alberto Carlos Naveira. "On the physical controls of the biological uptake of COâ†2 in the Antarctic circumpolar current." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367259.
Full textHall, Richard J. "The North Atlantic polar front jet stream : variability and predictability, 1871-1914." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/15195/.
Full textHarris, Carolyn Louise. "Water mass distribution and Polar Front structure in the Southwestern Barents Sea." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/54421.
Full textIncludes bibliographic references (leaves 63-66). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 63-66).
by Carolyn Louise Harris.
M.S.
Stewart, Helena K. "Peat's secret archive : interpreting the geochemical and palaeodust record from Scottish peat as a potential index of North Atlantic storminess and Holocene climate change." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/24811.
Full textReibetanz, Lars. "Visuelles Scoring-System für das fronto-polar abgeleitete Schlaf-EEG." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/2005/249/index.html.
Full textStott, Martin J. "The Arctic Ocean's interaction with wind-driven coastal polynyas and the Barents Sea polar front." Thesis, Keele University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.412988.
Full textHale, Ruth Elisabeth. "Quaternary history of the Polar Front in the Scotia Sea, Antarctica : foraminiferal and stable isotope evidence." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342837.
Full textLi, Wei-Szu. "Using the C-vector method to derive the three-dimensional circulation pattern near the East Greenland Polar Front." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/38509.
Full textThe C-vector method is used to determine the three-dimensional pseudo-vorticity field of the East Greenland Current by using a CTD data set acquired during the 1984 Northwind cruise. The value of the ageostrophic pseudo- vorticity, the total (geostrophic and ageostrophic) pseudo vorticity and the vertical component of the C-vector curl, Psi, can be calculated by the C-vector method. From these values the pseudo-vorticity can be investigated for the East Greenland Current. Additionally, the positive and the negative vertical motion at each level can be investigated from the Psi value. A two-cell structure with downward motion around the East Greenland Polar Front was found. The C-vector method also demonstrates that the vertical circulation induced by an anticyclonic gyre and the cross-coastal circulation generated by the surface wind can be depicted.
Kelly, Eleanor Jane. "Seasonal Polar Carbon Dioxide Frost on Mars: Spatiotemporal Quantification of CO2 Utilizing 2001 Mars Odyssey Gamma Ray Spectrometer Data." Diss., Tucson, Arizona : University of Arizona, 2006. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu%5Fetd%5F1476%5F1%5Fm.pdf&type=application/pdf.
Full textRoquet, Fabien. "La circulation océanique autour du plateau de Kerguelen : de l'observation à la modélisation." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00431483.
Full textParsons, Arthur Rost. "On the Barents Sea Polar Front in summer and interpretations of the associated regional oceanography using an Arctic Ocean general circulation model." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1995. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA307933.
Full textDissertation supervisor(s): Robert H. Bourke, Albert J. Semtner. "September 1995." Bibliography: p. 171-178. Also available online.
Souček, Otakar. "Urbanistické řešení nábřeží řeky Jihlavy v Třebíči." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226598.
Full textBarton, Benjamin. "Climate change in the Barents Sea : ice-ocean interactions, water mass formation and variability." Thesis, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BRES0053/document.
Full textWinter sea ice has declined in the Barents Sea and there is growing evidence that the low sea ice here coincides with cold, winter surface air temperature in Europe and Asia. Atlantic Water (AW) transported into the Barents Sea is warming and its temperature variability is correlated with variability in sea ice extent. As AW extends into the Barents Sea it is modified into a cooler, fresher water mass called BarentsSea Water (BSW). There are limited observations of BSW despite its importance in the Arctic Ocean system, leading to the question, how does the seasonal sea ice impact ocean stratification and mean flow?First, satellite observations are used to find the Polar Front, a water mass boundary between BSW and fresher Arctic Water to the north. The sea ice extent was found to be independent of the Polar Front until the mid-2000s when warming AW prevented the extension of winter sea ice south of the front.Second, by combining satellite and in situ data, it is shown that sea surface temperature can approximate heat content in the Barents Sea. Using heat content with satellite steric height, freshwater content can also be estimated, showing the potential for remote monitoring of BSW properties.Third, a high-resolution model is used to calculate the volume, transport and flux budgets within the AW and BSW domain south of the Polar Front. The model shows BSW volume minimum years in 1990 and2004. Both events were preceded by extensive winter sea ice and substantial summer sea ice melt, a result of preceding, cool AW. The event in 2004 was more extreme and allowed warming AW a greater volume in the Barents Sea
Reibetanz, Lars [Verfasser]. "Visuelles Scoring-System für das fronto-polar abgeleitete Schlaf-EEG / vorgelegt von Lars Reibetanz." 2005. http://d-nb.info/976789159/34.
Full text"Fertility of frost boils and the effect of diapirism on plant nitrogen uptake in a polar desert ecosystem of the Canadian High Arctic." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD-2016-02-2431.
Full text