Relevant bibliographies by topics / Frontal lobotomy

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Academic literature on the topic 'Frontal lobotomy'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Frontal lobotomy"

1

Ginat, D. T. "Frontal lobotomy." Neurology 79, no. 17 (October 22, 2012): 1830. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0b013e3182704069.

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Byard, Roger W. "Frontal lobotomy." Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology 13, no. 2 (February 21, 2017): 259–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12024-017-9846-9.

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Goumeniouk, A. D., and C. M. Clark. "Prefrontal Lobotomy and Hypofrontality in Patients with Schizophrenia: An Integration of the Findings*." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 37, no. 1 (February 1992): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379203700105.

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A case of a schizophrenic patient who suffered a frontal lobotomy is presented as the impetus for a discussion of an alternative neurobiologic model of schizophrenia to integrate the findings of prefrontal lobotomy and “hypofrontality”. The proposal that primary temporolimbic pathology may result in secondary hypofunction in the prefrontal lobes is examined in light of current structural neuropathology evidence. Directions for future research suggested by such a model are explored.
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Jareczek, Francis J., Marshall T. Holland, Matthew A. Howard, Timothy Walch, and Taylor J. Abel. "The origins and persistence of psychosurgery in the state of Iowa." Neurosurgical Focus 43, no. 3 (September 2017): E8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2017.6.focus17227.

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Neurosurgery for the treatment of psychological disorders has a checkered history in the United States. Prior to the advent of antipsychotic medications, individuals with severe mental illness were institutionalized and subjected to extreme therapies in an attempt to palliate their symptoms. Psychiatrist Walter Freeman first introduced psychosurgery, in the form of frontal lobotomy, as an intervention that could offer some hope to those patients in whom all other treatments had failed. Since that time, however, the use of psychosurgery in the United States has waxed and waned significantly, though literature describing its use is relatively sparse. In an effort to contribute to a better understanding of the evolution of psychosurgery, the authors describe the history of psychosurgery in the state of Iowa and particularly at the University of Iowa Department of Neurosurgery. An interesting aspect of psychosurgery at the University of Iowa is that these procedures have been nearly continuously active since Freeman introduced the lobotomy in the 1930s. Frontal lobotomies and transorbital leukotomies were performed by physicians in the state mental health institutions as well as by neurosurgeons at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics (formerly known as the State University of Iowa Hospital). Though the early technique of frontal lobotomy quickly fell out of favor, the use of neurosurgery to treat select cases of intractable mental illness persisted as a collaborative treatment effort between psychiatrists and neurosurgeons at Iowa. Frontal lobotomies gave way to more targeted lesions such as anterior cingulotomies and to neuromodulation through deep brain stimulation. As knowledge of brain circuits and the pathophysiology underlying mental illness continues to grow, surgical intervention for psychiatric pathologies is likely to persist as a viable treatment option for select patients at the University of Iowa and in the larger medical community.
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Cossu, Giulia, Pablo González-López, Etienne Pralong, Judith Kalser, Mahmoud Messerer, and Roy Thomas Daniel. "Unilateral prefrontal lobotomy for epilepsy: technique and surgical anatomy." Neurosurgical Focus 48, no. 4 (April 2020): E10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2020.1.focus19938.

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OBJECTIVESurgery for frontal lobe epilepsy remains a challenge because of the variable seizure outcomes after surgery. Disconnective procedures are increasingly applied to isolate the epileptogenic focus and avoid complications related to extensive brain resection. Previously, the authors described the anterior quadrant disconnection procedure to treat large frontal lobe lesions extending up to but not involving the primary motor cortex. In this article, they describe a surgical technique for unilateral disconnection of the prefrontal cortex, while providing an accurate description of the surgical and functional anatomy of this disconnective procedure.METHODSThe authors report the surgical treatment of a 5-month-old boy who presented with refractory epilepsy due to extensive cortical dysplasia of the left prefrontal lobe. In addition, with the aim of both describing the subcortical intrinsic anatomy and illustrating the different connections between the prefrontal lobe and the rest of the brain, the authors dissected six human cadaveric brain hemispheres. These dissections were performed from lateral to medial and from medial to lateral to reveal the various tracts sectioned during the three different steps in the surgery, namely the intrafrontal disconnection, anterior callosotomy, and frontobasal disconnection.RESULTSThe first step of the dissection involves cutting the U-fibers. During the anterior intrafrontal disconnection, the superior longitudinal fasciculus in the depth of the middle frontal gyrus, the uncinate fasciculus, and the inferior frontooccipital fasciculus in the depth of the inferior frontal gyrus at the level of the anterior insular point are visualized and sectioned, followed by sectioning of the anterior limb of the internal capsule. Once the frontal horn is reached, the anterior callosotomy can be performed to disconnect the genu and the rostrum of the corpus callosum. The intrafrontal disconnection is deepened toward the falx, and at the medial surface, the cingulum is sectioned. The frontobasal disconnection involves cutting the anterior limb of the anterior commissure.CONCLUSIONSThis technique allows selective isolation of the epileptogenic focus located in the prefrontal lobe to avoid secondary propagation. Understanding the surface and white matter fiber anatomy is essential to safely perform the procedure and obtain a favorable seizure outcome.
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Swayze, V. W., N. C. Andreasen, D. O'Leary, M. Flaum, W. Sickels, D. Miller, and S. Ziebell. "Long-term follow-up study of frontal lobotomy in schizophrenia." Schizophrenia Research 9, no. 2-3 (April 1993): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0920-9964(93)90451-n.

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Prkachin, Yvan. "Two Solitudes: Wilder Penfield, Ewen Cameron, and the Search for a Better Lobotomy." Canadian Bulletin of Medical History 38, no. 2 (September 1, 2021): 253–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cbmh.486-112020.

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In the 1940s, Wilder Penfield carried out a series of experimental psychosurgeries with the psychiatrist D. Ewen Cameron. This article explores Penfield’s brief foray into psychosurgery and uses this episode to re-examine the emergence of his surgical enterprise. Penfield’s greatest achievement – the surgical treatment of epilepsy – grew from the same roots as psychosurgery, and the histories of these treatments overlap in surprising ways. Within the contexts of Rockefeller-funded neuropsychiatry and Adolf Meyer’s psychobiology, Penfield’s frontal lobe operations (including a key operation on his sister) played a crucial role in the development of lobotomy in the 1930s. The combination of ambiguous data and the desire to collaborate with a psychiatrist encouraged Penfield to try to develop a superior operation. However, unlike his collaboration with psychiatrists, Penfield’s productive working relationship with psychologists encouraged him to abandon the experimental “gyrectomy” procedure. The story of Penfield’s attempt to find a better lobotomy can help us to examine different forms of interdisciplinarity within biomedicine.
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Mazeh, Doron, Ilona Mirecki, Diana Paleacu, and Yoram Barak. "Donepezil for the Treatment of a Schizophrenia Patient With Frontal Lobotomy." Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 23, no. 5 (October 2003): 522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.jcp.0000088913.24613.9f.

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Breeding, John. "Electroshock: On How and Why It Lingers on Long After Insulin Coma Shock and Lobotomy Are Gone." Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry 18, no. 1 (2016): 58–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1559-4343.18.1.58.

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Mid-20th century psychiatry routinely touted and performed a trio of barbarisms on unwitting or unwilling citizens; insulin coma shock, ice pick lobotomy, and electroshock were treatments of choice. In the second half of that century, 2 of the 3 were stopped. Insulin coma shock ended because it became too difficult for even the glamour and mystification of psychiatric propaganda to cover up the fact that this horrific treatment was literally killing too many people. Not long after—despite a Nobel Prize to its founder, Egas Moniz, and a period of fame and notoriety to its main United States practitioner, James Freeman—the severing of people’s frontal lobes by an ice pick through their eye sockets was stopped. The leadership of psychiatrist Peter Breggin was key in forcing a halt to lobotomy. So 2 of this terrible 3 have joined a long history of psychiatric atrocities no longer practiced, yet electroshock somehow endures. The lobotomists have been disgraced, but the shock doctors, including people like Max Fink who infamously declared in 1996 that “ECT is one of God’s gifts to mankind” (as cited in Boodman, 1996), carry on. What are the facts about electroshock, also known as electroconvulsive treatment, or electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)? How and why is it still used today? In this essay, I will explore these questions and provide some answers.
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Marchi, Francesco, Francesco Vergani, Iacopo Chiavacci, Richard Gullan, and Keyoumars Ashkan. "Geoffrey Knight and his contribution to psychosurgery." Journal of Neurosurgery 126, no. 4 (April 2017): 1278–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2016.3.jns151756.

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This paper retraces the fundamental achievements of Geoffrey Knight (1906–1994), a British neurosurgeon and a pioneer in the field of psychosurgery. His career developed in the 1950s and 1960s, when—following the unregulated practice of frontal lobotomies—strong criticism arose in the medical community and in the general public against psychosurgery. Geoffrey Knight's clinical research focused on identifying new, selective targets to limit the side effects of psychosurgery while improving the outcome of patients affected by mental disorders. Following the example of William Beecher Scoville, he initially developed restricted orbital undercutting as a less invasive alternative to standard frontal lobotomy. He then developed stereotactic subcaudate tractotomy, with the use of an original stereotactic device. Knight stressed the importance of the anatomy and neurophysiology of the structures targeted in subcaudate tractotomy, with particular regard to the fibers connecting the anterior cingulate region, the amygdala, the orbitofrontal cortex, and the hypothalamus. Of interest, the role of these white matter connections has been recently recognized in deep brain stimulation for major depression and anorexia nervosa. This is perhaps the most enduring legacy of Knight to the field of psychosurgery. He refined frontal leucotomies by selecting a restricted target at the center of a network that plays a crucial role in controlling mood disorders. He then developed a safe, minimally invasive stereotactic operation to reach this target. His work, well ahead of his time, still represents a valid reference on which to build future clinical experience in the modern era of neuromodulation for psychiatric diseases.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Frontal lobotomy"

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Miller, Laurie Ann. "The ability to generate or inhibit responses after frontal lobectomy /." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=75775.

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The ability to generate different responses, and the ability to inhibit inappropriate behaviour, were explored in patients with unilateral cerebral excisions. Site-of-lesion effects were found to interact with the sex of the subject, the time of test-administration, and the nature of the response criteria. In Part I, the Thurstone Word Fluency Test revealed impairments two weeks postoperatively in patients with frontal, temporal, or central-area lesions. In men, removals from the left cerebral hemisphere caused greater deficits than removals from the right, but only left central-area excisions resulted in long-lasting impairments. Patients with left frontal-lobe removals produced few words on a sentence-completion fluency task, but on visual-image fluency, no patient-group was impaired. In Part II, an inability to inhibit impulsive actions on risk-taking tasks was seen after frontal lobectomy, as was a tendency to disregard the instructions on a word-fluency task. These results are consistent with the fact that patients with frontal-lobe lesions described themselves on a behavioural-trait questionnaire as less flexible and more impulsive than did control subjects.
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Incisa, della Rocchetta Antonio. "Encoding and retrieval : effects of unilateral frontal- or temporal-lobe excisions." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74584.

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In Part I of this thesis, recognition of natural scenes was tested in 72 patients with unilateral frontal- or temporal-lobe excisions and 32 normal control subjects (NC). The occurrence of a novel scene in the midst of a series of other scenes normally induces forgetting of the scene that had preceded the novel one. This phenomenon was not observed following right frontal- and right temporal-lobe lesions, and was only partially present after left temporal-lobe excisions that included the hippocampus (LTH). These brain regions were thus seen as part of a circuit that codes novel stimuli. In Part 2, recall of lists of words was examined in 77 patients and 12 normal control subjects. Both the left frontal-lobe (LF) and LTH groups recalled fewer words overall than the other groups; their performance was normal, however, when the words were pre-organized into categories and when category labels were supplied during test. In another experiment it was demonstrated that the LF group was impaired when category exemplars were provided together with the category labels, the LTH group being unaffected in this condition. It was concluded that left frontal-lobe lesions may affect retrieval mechanisms.
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Caramanos, Zografos. "Copy and recall of the Rey Complex figure before and after unilateral frontal- or temporal-lobe excision." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=69626.

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Copy and recall drawings of the Rey Complex Figure obtained during the standard clinical testing of patients with well-localized epileptic foci before and after left frontal-, left temporal-, right temporal-lobe resection were re-scored blind as to lesion site using standard protocol (18 elements scored 0, 1/2, 1, or 2 based on whether they are drawn and placed correctly for a total out of 36). They were also scored for which, and how many, elements were missing, distorted, displaced, and/or repeated. Contrary to previous findings, no main effects of side or lobe or side-by-lobe interactions were found on copy and recall scores obtained either before or after surgery, and all patients' recall improved equally from pre-operative to follow-up testing. Furthermore, patients' lesion site could not be predicted on the basis of any single measure or across all measures of performance. While group differences had been found on the previously assigned scores, the between-group overlap was almost complete and the original scoring was not done blindly. These results suggest that, despite previous claims, the Rey Complex Figure, a widely-used measure of non-verbal memory, is not an effective tool for localizing neural disturbance in temporal- and frontal-lobe epilepsy patients.
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Books on the topic "Frontal lobotomy"

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Dully, Howard. My Lobotomy. New York: Crown Publishing Group, 2007.

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Schott, Penelope Scambly. The pest maiden: A story of lobotomy. Cincinnati, OH: Turning Point, 2004.

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Hilts, Philip J. Memory's ghost: The strange tale of Mr. M and the nature of memory. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1995.

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Akishin, Askolʹd. Ku-ku!: Graficheskai︠a︡ istorii︠a︡. [Nizhniĭ Novgorod]: "Komiks Pablisher", 2017.

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Igo, John. A stone for plot four, or, Mendez, a quest. San Antonio, Texas: Wings Press, 2015.

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American lobotomy: A rhetorical history. 2014.

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Dully, Howard, and Charles Fleming. My Lobotomy. Crown, 2007.

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My Lobotomy. London: Random House Publishing Group, 2008.

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El-Hai, Jack. Lobotomist: A Maverick Medical Genius and His Tragic Quest to Rid the World of Mental Illness. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2007.

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Collins, Robert O. Prefrontal Cortex: Developmental Differences, Executive and Cognitive Functions and Role in Neurological Disorders. Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2013.

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Book chapters on the topic "Frontal lobotomy"

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McElligott, Jacinta. "Frontal Lobotomy." In Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology, 1490–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57111-9_33.

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McElligott, Jacinta. "Frontal Lobotomy." In Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology, 1–3. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56782-2_33-3.

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McElligott, Jacinta. "Frontal Lobotomy." In Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology, 1087–89. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79948-3_33.

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Sekerak, Robin. "Lobotomy (Frontal)." In Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology, 1474–75. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79948-3_44.

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Mould, Richard F. "Self-Inflicted Frontal Lobotomy." In Mould's Medical Anecdotes, 366. New York: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203746448-236.

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Uysal, Suzan. "The Frontal Lobes and Associated Disorders." In Functional Neuroanatomy and Clinical Neuroscience, 212—C17P115. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190943608.003.0017.

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Abstract The human frontal lobes are very large, making up approximately one-third of the cerebral hemispheres. They can be divided into two major functional subdivisions: motor cortex and prefrontal cortex. Motor cortex is defined as cortical areas from which motor responses are elicited by electrical stimulation. Frontal lobe cortical areas from which motor responses are not elicited by electrical stimulation (i.e., non-motor areas of the frontal lobe) are referred to as prefrontal cortex because they are located anterior to the motor areas. This region is associated with personality and higher levels of cognitive and behavioral control that are collectively referred to as executive functions. This chapter describes basic frontal lobe structural and functional anatomy, the landmark case of Phineas Gage, prefrontal injury and disease syndromes, behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia, and prefrontal lobotomy.
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Ogden, Jenni A. "The Impaired Executive A Case Of Frontal-Lobe Dysfunction." In Fractured Minds, 158–70. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195171358.003.0009.

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Abstract The executive and personality impairments associated with frontal-lobe dysfunction are well known to all practicing neuropsychologists. In the 1930s and 1940s, frontal lobotomies in which the frontal lobes were completely removed or severed from the rest of the brain were a relatively common treatment for psychiatric disorders (Freeman and Watts 1942; Moniz 1954), although it soon became apparent that for many patients the results of the lobotomy were worse than the disorder it was meant to alleviate (Walsh 1994, p 176). Psychosurgery (brain surgery for the purpose of decreasing psychiatric symptoms) decreased substantially from the 1950s on, although centers in some countries still practice modified procedures called leukotomies. In these operations, the frontal lobes are partially disconnected from the rest of the cortex by sectioning the thalamofrontal fibers in the lower medial quadrant of the frontal lobe. These and similar greatly modified operations are reported to provide relief from the psychiatric symptoms with minimal frontal-lobe symptoms (McKenzie and Kaczanowski 1964).
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