Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Frontal walls'

Nous nous ici intéressons à la propagation d'états non-classiques de la lumière à travers des milieux désordonnés, comme les couches de peinture ou les fibres multimodes. Ces milieux sont généralement considérés comme des obstacles à la propagation de la lumière: par exemple, la diffusion de la lumière dans les tissus biologiques diminue considérablement les capacités des systèmes d'imagerie optique. C'est donc un phénomène duquel on souhaite généralement s'affranchir. Au contraire, dans notre étude nous exploitons ce désordre et utilisons ces milieux comme des "mélangeurs" de lumière. La lumière qui y pénètre est fortement diffusée et ses propriétés spectrales, spatiales et de polarisation sont complètement redistribuées. Cette redistribution est associée à un phénomène de propagation d'onde et d'interférence complexe qui est donc déterministe. Nous pouvons alors utiliser des méthodes de manipulation de front d'onde pour étudier ou contrôler ce mélange. Associés à des états non-classiques, ces systèmes permettent de réaliser des marches aléatoires quantiques dans des environnements bien plus complexes que ceux qui existent actuellement. Les méthodes de contrôle de front d'onde nous ont permis d'étudier et de manipuler ces marches aléatoires. Nous avons notamment montré qu'il est possible de guider les photons en manipulant les interférences classiques et quantiques. Ce travail nous a permis d'étudier de nouveaux aspects de la physique des milieux complexes, mais aussi d'explorer un nouveau type de plateformes pour marches aléatoires quantiques qui pourraient jouer un rôle important dans le développement des nouvelles applications pour traitement de l'information
Light is not only an ideal medium to transmit information, but also a very interesting physical system to process it. In this respect, quantum optics has recently emerged as a highly promising domain for the development of new computing applications that can surpass the performances of currently available systems. In this respect, quantum walk of photons has recently emerged as a very powerful model for quantum information science, and integrated photonic devices have proven a versatile architecture for their implementation. While these waveguide structures allow only near-neighbor coupling between up to a few tens of modes, complex linear systems, such as white paint layer or multimode fiber, enable to couple efficiently a huge numbers of optical modes. Unstable and lossy, these systems have always been considered unpractical for quantum optics experiments. Wavefront shaping methods, developed in the last decade to control light propagating in complex media, allow moving beyond these limitations and make them exploitable with non-classical light. In our work, we demonstrate the implementation of quantum walks in a layer of paint and a multimode fiber using single-photons and photon-pairs. For this purpose, we extend wavefront shaping methods, originally developed to control classical light propagation in complex media, to non-classical light. This capability to manipulate photons allows building new controllable highly multimode optical platforms. Such systems pave the way for the next generation of quantum information processing devices

Examensarbetet har gjorts åt Höglunds flak i Säffle och behandlar en ny framstam till timmerlastbilar.

En framstam är ett lastskydd som förhindrar stockarna på en timmerlastbil från att tränga in i hytten vid en kollision. Framstammen används även vid lastning som ett mothåll att slå stockarna emot.

Kraven på framstammen från företaget är

• Lättare konstruktion

• Samma utböjning vid slagprov, ytbelastning och böjbelastningsprovning som nuvarande modell

• Billigare eller samma pris som föregående modell

• Klara proven enligt SS 2563, SS 2564

• Vara estetiskt tilltalande för kund

• Anpassningsbar höjd

• Om möjligt få så mycket tillverkning som möjligt till den egna verkstaden

Arbetet delades in i två delar där en del är att konstruera plåten och hur denna skall styvas till. Den andra är att konstruera staken som håller upp plåten och tar den största delen av slagkraften.

På framstamsplåten togs det fram 2 koncept.

Bockningskonceptet.

Konceptet består av en aluminiumplåt 6082-T6 som bockats till en L-profil runt kanterna för att styva upp plåten

Fyrkantsprofil.

Detta koncept består av en fyrkantsprofil i aluminium som nitas fast mot plåten.

På staken togs det fram tre koncept. Alla tre är beräknade med att vara i samma material ett höghållfast stål vid namn Domex 650 med en sträckgräns på ca 650Mpa.[5]

JL-profilen

Är en profil som är lätt att tillverka genom bockning och är lätt att fästa in i både plåten och i rambalken.

I-profilen

I-balken är gjord med en större fläns mot plåten för att underlätta vid infästning och en mindre fläns på andra sidan för att minska vikten. På grund av att detta inte är en original balk så kommer denna modell att strängpressas.

W-profilen

W- profil som även denna skulle stängpressas och är även lätt att fästa mot plåten. Den har tagits fram med tanken på en T-balk som sedan stadgats upp med två stycken förstyvningar.

Fyrkantröret har en lägre vikt på 19 kg i jämförelse med rör- profilen, detta motsvarar en viktbesparing på 55%.

I-profilen klarar att ta upp 0,6kJ mer än Z-profilen samtidigt som den är 23 kg och 23%

lättare.

The work is done for the company Höglunds flak in Säffle and aims to develop a new front wall to a timber truck.

A front wall is what protects the cabin from the logs in case of a collision. The front wall is also used while loading the truck as a loading fixture to beat the logs against.

The requirements for the front wall from the company are:

• Easier construction

• The same deformation at impact testing, surface testing and bending load as the original.

• Cheaper or the same price as the previous model

• Withstand the standardization SS 2563, SS 2564

• Be attractive to the customer

• Customizable height

• If possible, get as much production as possible to the own workshop

The work was divided into two parts where one is to make the plate and how to make it rigid. The second is the beams which are going to keep up the plate and takes the greater part of the impact force.

Two concepts on the front wall plate, both is of the same material 6082-T6.

Bending concept.

The concept consists of an aluminium plate which is bended to an L-profile around the edges to rigid up the plate.

Square concept.

This concept consists of a square tube in aluminium which is riveted firmly against the plate.

Three concepts on the beams. All three are estimated to be in the same material Domex 650

JL-profile

Is a profile that is easy to manufacture by bending and is easy to mount on both the plate and in the frame beams.

I-profile

The I-beam is made with a larger flange to the plate in order to facilitate the attachment and a small flange on the other side to reduce weight. However, because this is not an original beam it will be manufactured through extrusion.

W-profile

W-profile is going to be extruded and is also easy to attach to the plate. It has been developed with the idea of a T-beam which then is stated up with two webs.

Of the two plate concepts it was the Square concept which was best suited one. The bending concept was not chosen because the material of the plate was for brittle and couldn’t be bent as much as wanted.

The analysis of the plate was made according to the standard SS2563, SS 2564 with a pressure of a certain distance from the base.

The FEM analysis at the plate shows that there is no residual deformation, which is the same as the original plate. The square pipe has a lower weight with 19 kg which is 55% lighter compared with the circular pipe profile.

The profile is able to take up 0,6 kJ more than the Z-profile and 23kg and 23% lighter

Research for this project was undertaken by means of a broad and comprehensive literature search, a field study and the development of four working papers. It has been quoted,The hospitality industry appears to be facing increasing competitive pressures to improve the quality of its delivery of products and services. For many hotels, success depends largely on the availability of qualified line associates who are able to translate and consistently maintain their company's operational standards of service. Hotel companies, thus, must take training programs for front line associates seriously to accommodate the growing pressure to provide qualified associates. Consequently, many hotels now highlight training activities for front line associates as a means of providing an outstanding service for their customers. However, there is often scepticism about whether training actually pays off for organisations. Despite the importance of the topic, there appears to be little research on evaluating training for front line associates in the hospitality industry, particularly in the hotel sector. Therefore, this project is arguably pioneering in its analysis of applying the model chosen. It has demonstrated through empirical evidence the usefulness of the model to the four hotels in Sydney. This project has investigated evaluating training programs by analysing the reaction of the trainees, learning gained by the trainees, transfer of learning to the workplace by the trainees and training outcomes. The research is expected to be useful to other training practitioners and/or scholars who are interested in taking further research in the hospitality industry, particularly in the hotel sector.
Doctor of Business Administration

Cette thèse traite, dans une première partie, de la propagation unidimensionnelle de fronts de réactions exothermiques, à différentes échelles de description. Dans une approche macroscopique, la quantité de chaleur dégagée par la réaction vient coupler l'équation de convection-réaction-diffusion et les équations de l'hydrodynamique. Ce travail montre l'existence d'un domaine interdit de vitesses de propagation pour un front d'onde chimique stationnaire. Il met en évidence une transition entre une propagation principalement déterminée par les processus de réaction-diffusion, pour de faibles chaleurs de réaction, et une propagation principalement déterminée par les équations de l'hydrodynamique et l'équation d'état du fluide, pour une quantité de chaleur plus importante. Cette bifurcation est illustrée dans les cas d'un gaz parfait et d'un fl uide de van der Waals. La simulation microscopique de la dynamique des particules par la méthode 'Direct Simulation Monte Carlo' (DSMC) permet de retrouver ces résultats pour un gaz dilué. Dans une seconde partie, cette thèse développe un modèle de précipitation d'aiguilles de gypse à partir de grains d'hémihydrate de sulfate de calcium ainsi qu'un algorithme de simulation de la prise du plâtre à une échelle submicrométrique. Les résultats de simulation sont comparés à ceux issus d'une approche déterministe et d'une approche stochastique par une équation maîtresse. En dégageant un ensemble de paramètres ajustables et interprétables physiquement, le modèle permet de proposer une explication de l'effet d'un traitement industriel con dentiel améliorant la cinétique de formation et la morphologie du matériau final.

This thesis deals with the reconstruction of the existing road arch bridge using free transverse prestressing cables. Cables are laid in holes drilled in the shape of strut. The holes routed diagonally across the front wall of the bottom edge of the arch. The work also includes the stability of long front wall. This is solved by means of spacer frames led across the road. The reconstruction can be done partially limited service.

Le travail de thèse présenté dans ce mémoire vise à analyser et à comprendre les mécanismes mis en jeu au niveau de l’impact du creusement d’un tunnel par bouclier à front pressurisé sur des fondations profondes avoisinantes. Cette thèse a été réalisée dans le cadre du projet européen NeTTUN, au sein du Laboratoire de Tribologie et de Dynamique des Systèmes (LTDS) de l’ENTPE. L’approche phénoménologique conduite lors de ces travaux repose sur deux importantes campagnes expérimentales réalisées à l’aide d’un dispositif unique au plan international de modèle réduit 1g de tunnelier à pression de terre (échelle de l’ordre de 1/10eme). La forte originalité de ce dispositif est de pouvoir simuler de façon réaliste les principales étapes du processus tridimensionnel d’excavation mécanisé d’un tunnel. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, le dispositif existant de modèle réduit de tunnelier a dans un premier temps été reconfiguré afin de pouvoir répondre aux besoins du programme expérimental envisagé. Des modèles physiques de fondations profondes (pieux et groupes de pieux) et de barrières de protection ont été conçus dans le cadre des lois de similitude, fabriqués et instrumentés. Deux campagnes expérimentales d’envergure ont été réalisées en massif de sable sec : l’une concerne les effets du passage d’un tunnelier à front pressurisé sur des fondations profondes avoisinantes (pieux, groupe de pieux), l’autre traite de l’efficacité de barrières de protection (parois moulées) utilisées pour limiter ces effets. Différents paramètres qui influencent l’interaction tunnelier - sol - fondations ont été considérés comme la distance relative tunnel / fondation, la pression frontale de soutènement appliquée par le TBM sur le terrain ou encore la hauteur des barrières de protection. L’analyse phénoménologique menée à l’échelle du modèle concerne en particulier l’évolution des champs de contraintes et de déplacements dans le terrain autour du tunnelier, les déplacements relatifs sol - pieu et sol- barrière, la redistribution des efforts au sein des fondations. L’importante base de données et d’analyse ainsi constituée a été mise à profit pour la validation d’outils de modélisation numérique développés par l’Université de Rome au sein du projet NeTTUN
The major goal presented in this thesis was to analyze and investigate the mechanisms, which are involved in the impact of the tunnels excavated thanks to an Earth Pressure Balanced Shield on nearby deep foundations. This thesis was realized in European project NeTTUN and the work had been done in the Laboratory of Tribology and Systems Dynamics (LTDS) of ENTPE. During these works, phenomenological approach was based on two important experimental campaigns carried out using a unique device at the international level of a 1g scale model of earth-pressure tunnel boring machine (scale of the order of 1 / 10). The state of the art of this device was to be able to simulate in possibly realistic way the main stages of the three-dimensional process of mechanized excavation of a tunnel. In the framework of this thesis, the existing model tunneling machine device was initially reconfigured in order to reach the expectations of the experimental program envisaged. Physical models of deep foundations (piles and groups of piles) and protective barriers were designed under the similitude laws, manufactured and instrumented. The two large-scale experimental campaigns have been carried out in a dry sand massif. The first one concerned the effects of the passage of a pressurized tunnel boring machine on nearby deep foundations (piles, group of piles), whereas another one dealed with the effectiveness of mitigation procedure (diaphragm walls) used to limit these effects. Different parameters that influenced on the tunneling: soil - foundation interaction considered as the relative tunnel / foundation distance, the frontal face pressure applied by the TBM in the field or the height of the protective barriers. The phenomenological analysis carried out at the scale of the model concerned in particular the evolution of the fields of stresses and displacements in the ground around the tunnel boring machine, relatives pile / soil and wall / soil displacements and the redistribution of stresses along the pile foundations. The large database and analysis constituted was used for the validation of numerical modeling tools developed by the University of Rome within the NeTTUN project

The main goal of this thesis is to get an insight into a field of non-destructive testing using potential drop techniques that have nowadays become the standard not only in the fatigue and loading tests but also in the industry. These methods can serve to non-destructively and continuously measure material specimens, thickness, corrosion losses, deformations, spectroscopy and detection and analysis of crack geometry. They can help to identify materials and measure material changes over time. The second part of this thesis deals with designing the aperture for detection of cracks in steam and product piping using potential drop technique modified by Ing. Ladislav Korec, CSc. Last part deals with extensive testing, experimenting and evaluation of the aperture.

The project solves a multifunctional Duma building in a vacant lot, contemplated the construction site is located in Carlsbad, in the street Vyhlíce. This is a protected site spa. Part of the project's layout and structural design of the house. It is a six-storey house with an attic and a basement floor. It is designed as a free-standing in the gap as the final house. The layout is divided into two complete units with their own input. There are spaces for business and residential units for permanent housing. Part of the living area are also room house equipment. Inputs to both parts are wheelchair accessible. The house is not wheelchair The house is designed as a brick building of brick masonry Porotherm the module dimensions of 250 (125) mm with reinforced concrete ceilings. Roofed by a hipped roof. The house is located on a private plot of 519 m2 built-up area of 221 m2. The land is gently sloping. The main orientation of the building to the cardinal's east and west. The south wall is adjacent to the neighboring house.

Lisbon’s downtown is the proof of the profound rehabilitation effort done by Sebastião José Carvalho e Melo, Marquês de Pombal, in the 18th century. The main objective was to prepare Lisbon for another event like the 1st November, 1755, preventing a massive destruction from happening again in a up growth European city. However, and despite the imperious demand to rehabilitate these downtown historical buildings, the level of structural knowledge is not yet considerably solid. It was with the purpose of expanding the structural behaviour knowledge in these structures, that the present research was based. It started with a historical overview of Lisbon before 1755 earthquake followed by a brief description of the tragedy and its consequences. Coupled with, was the description of the actions taken by Marquês de Pombal and his engineer’s team. Here, not only the laws to re-establish the order were described but also the major measures implemented in the building’s reconstruction process. The description of the typical Pombaline building from its foundation to the roof followed the initial part, with special attention to the gaiola pombalina and its connections, introducing therefore the ensuing structural analysis of a common frontal wall. Considering a typical Pombaline building as an interconnection of numerous structural individual members, it was considered that the most relevant one is the wall, thus proceeding for a wall structural model. At last and following the previous analysis, it was presented a methodology for a fast obtaining process of the structural behaviour of this type of walls. Thus, obtaining the response of these walls when submitted to horizontal forces is far more prompt, simplifying in the future the seismic analysis of an entire Pombaline building.

碩士
國立中興大學
土木工程學系所
107
Hillside land occupies about two-thirds of total Taiwan area, and there is not much area available for industrial development and living. In order to increase the use space and safety, the retaining wall is set up. Among the retaining walls, cantilever type is usually adopted. Due to the proper requirement of space, it may increase the stability of retaining wall if the slope in front of the wall toe is increased with moderate width. This study discusses the relevant mechanical behavior of cantilever retaining wall with different slopes in front of the wall toe with engineering computation method and PLAXIS 2D finite element analytical method. From the analyzed results, it indicates that: 1.According the analyzed results by engineering computation method, the safety factor of anti-overturning increases with little improved effect while the safety factor in the resistance of sliding is apparently increased. As for the soil pressure under the wall plate. it is reduced and distributed more uniformly. 2.According the analyzed results by PLAXIS 2D finite element analytical method, the earth pressure behind the retaining wall is close to the active state except the relatively hiher value at the bottom area. The passive state in the front toe is apparently developed near the surface area. All the above situation occurs no matter what the slope in front of the wall toe is. 3.According the analyzed results by PLAXIS 2D finite element analytical method, with the increase of slope in front of the wall to, the maximum displacement of backfill near top of retaining wall decrease with little effect. The resultant force of horizontal stress behind the retaining wall is reduced while the resultant force of horizontal stress in front of t wall toe is increased. As for the vertical soil pressure under the wall plate. it is reduced.

碩士
國立海洋大學
河海工程學系
90
For this experimental study a plane basin was utilized to simulate the propeller-induced bed scouring due to a container ship with a model propeller of six blades. The experiments comprises of two key factors: the axial velocity and the scour for four rotational speeds of 200, 250, 300 and 350RPM, respectively. The measurements of the vertical distributions of axial velocity and profiles of scour depths at different motive time were compared with the theoretical values. As a result, the measured efflux velocities Vo highly matches those calculated by Fuehrer and Romisch (1977) and by EAU (1996) but slightly differed with those by Hashmi (1993). The measurements of vertical distributions of axial velocity are found to well agree with Hamill (1987) on maximum velocities and with Hamill (1996) on vertical distribution profiles particularly near axial distance X of 3 times of the propeller diameter Dp. Greater differences in axial velocities are found at between the axis (Z=0) and location of maximum velocity in lower rotation speed, e.g. 200RPM. For decreasing trends of the maximum axial velocities along axial direction (X), the measured values are always higher than the theoretical values except for the case of 300 RPM. The maximum scour depths usually occurred at distances of about between X= 2 to 3Dp for different rotation speeds and motive time near the zone boundary of flow establishment and established flow. The slopes of the scour holes became steeper with increasing motive time and greater rotational speeds while the scour ranges extended downstream. Furthermore, the fitting curves of the development of maximum scour depth with time are found to be exponential type approximating a steady limit as the motive time exceeding about 2 hours.

Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Civil
O trabalho apresentado nesta dissertação foi desenvolvido no departamento de Engenharia Civil da Universidade do Minho. Este trabalho, de caráter experimental, pretende ser uma contribuição para melhor compreender o comportamento das ligações, reforçadas e não reforçadas, nos edifícios históricos de alvenaria Pombalinos e Gaioleiros, sob ações cíclicas que influenciam a vulnerabilidade sísmica. Os ensaios realizados envolveram paredes de alvenaria representativas dos edifícios em estudo e ancoragens de mangas injetadas Cintec®, caracterizando-se uma ligação reforçada parede-frontal. Assim foram realizados ensaios de caracterização dos materiais presentes na construção destas paredes, como a argamassa, a pedra e prismas de alvenaria e ensaios de caracterização dos varões de aço existentes nas ancoragens de mangas injetadas. Os ensaios do conjunto paredes de alvenaria e mangas injetadas foram monotónicos e cíclicos, sob controlo de deslocamento, com vista a caracterizar o seu comportamento cíclico. Foram estudadas duas paredes, realizando-se quatro ensaios por cada. O principal objetivo deste trabalho passou pela obtenção de um conjunto de resultados, como modos de rotura e diferentes tipos de curvas de relação, suscetíveis de serem usadas como indicativo na calibração e recomendação do tipo de reforço em estudo. Da análise final do trabalho efetuado, conclui-se que existe um contributo bastante significativo do reforço e que será necessário aplicar modificações para que a rotura, em caso de sismo, aconteça no mesmo e não na parede de alvenaria.
The work presented in this thesis was developed in the Civil Engineering Department of Universidade do Minho. This work, based on experimental work, is intended as a contribution to better understand the behavior of connections, reinforced and non-reinforced, in historic buildings “Pombalinos” and “Gaioleiros”, under cyclic loads that influence the seismic vulnerability. The tests involved masonry walls representative of buildings in study and injected anchors Cintec ®, characterizing a reinforced connection of wall to “frontal”. Thus, tests were performed to characterize the materials present in the construction of these walls, like mortar, stone and masonry prisms and characterization tests of steel bars existing in the injected anchors. The tests of the masonry walls and injected anchors were static and cyclic, under displacement control, in order to characterize its cyclical behavior. Two walls were studied, making up four tests each. The main objective of this study spent by getting a set of results, such as failure modes and different types of curves relationship, capable of being used as a calibration target and recommendation of the type of reinforcement in the study. From the final analysis of this work, it is concluded that there is a very significant contribution of the reinforcement and it will be necessary to apply modifications in order the rupture, in case of an earthquake, occur in the reinforcement and not on the masonry wall.
Projeto FP7-ENV-2009-1-244123-NIKER do 7º programa-quadro da Comissão Europeia

碩士
高苑科技大學
建築研究所
100
Good quality of indoor acoustic environment is an important factor for audience, includes both room acoustics and noise control. In performing art halls, good room-shaped design in order to prevent acoustic obstacles, and suitable interior decoration could create a better room acoustics to achieve the listening quality. There are some factors those affect room acoustical quality. This research changes the side walls of the concert hall and the stage reflectors to simulate the influences of room acoustics. In this study, Tainan Municipal Cultural Center is chose for sample of simulation, discuss the various side walls of concert hall and stage ceiling reflectors and different materials in the patterns by using the software ODEON. This study proposed the best optimum pattern to provide application for designers and users and recommended the simulation method for indoor acoustics of designing domestic concert halls. Keywords: Side wall of auditorium, Stage reflector, Acoustic design, Room Acoustics, Computer Simulation

Title: Analysis of squash rally pace in male and women matches Objectives: This paper aims to evaluate the game pace of squash from the perspective of various factors, such as: gender of players, difference between winners and losers, number of strikes within different height levels of front wall, average duration of a rally, and types of strikes. Methods: The main method used to achieve the objectives of this thesis is the notational analysis. This method is based on observing the available video recordings - there were 25 of these, obtained from different PSA tournaments in years 2017 - 2020. We were sampling data about the duration of a rally, number and type of strikes and a duration of each type. Subsequently, we deducted information about the pace of the game and used it to further analyze and interpret the pace in relation to possible variables.. Results: The objective of the paper has been completed, as we have answered all the research questions. The average pace of the serve is 1.345 seconds for men and 1.388 seconds for women, while the average duration of rally is 25.06 seconds for male players and 17.22 seconds for female players. The results suggest that the game pace, its relevant variables, game development and final results are different for male and female squash players....