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1
Alekseeva, Victoriia. "ANATOMICAL PREDICTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT OF RHINOSINUSITIS AND ITS COMPLICATIONS." Inter Collegas 7, no. 3 (November 24, 2020): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.35339/ic.7.3.125-130.
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Background. The anatomical structure of the paranasal sinuses of a person predetermines the risk of development, diversity of presentation, possibility of complications and features of surgical treatment of rhinosinusitis. Objective: of our study was to determine the thickness and density of the walls of the maxillary and frontal sinuses, which are potentially dangerous in terms of the development of complications. Materials and methods: Our study involved 121 subjects without any ENT diseases, who underwent SCT examination due to the reasons that were not related to abnormalities of ENT organs. Thickness and density in the region of the lower (orbital) wall and posterior (cerebral) wall of the frontal sinus were calculated. Results and Discussion: The maximum density was characteristic of the lower wall of the frontal sinus under physiological conditions and appeared 107.96 ± 201.64 Hu, the minimum for the lower wall was -29.98 ± 208.54 Hu. The thickness of the bone tissue in the frontal sinus was 4.05 ± 2.04 mm. Conclusion: The minimum density and thickness of the lower and posterior walls of the frontal sinus and upper and lower walls of the maxillary sinus was established under physiological conditions. The density of the posterior wall was found to be 25.4% lower than the density of the lower wall, and the thickness 22.2% lower.
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Pesic, Zoran, Dragan Petrovic, Sladjana Petrovic, and Nikola Buric. "The relationship between clinical findings and therapeutic approach in the treatment of fractured frontal sinus walls." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 135, no. 11-12 (2007): 639–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh0712639p.
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Introduction The incidence of fractured frontal sinus walls vary from 6% to 12% of all craniofacial injuries. Objective Estimated relation between clinical findings and performed therapeutic procedures in treating fractured frontal sinus walls. To estimate success in performed therapeutic procedures, according to the incidence of postoperative complications and the integrity of injured regions from the functional and esthetical aspect. Method We analyzed, by retrospective clinical investigation, 19 patients with fractured frontal sinus walls and dislocated fragments, treated at the Department for Maxillofacial Surgery, Clinic of Dentistry in Nis, in the period March 1995 - March 2006. The success of therapy was estimated based on the incidence and type of complications and esthetical results in relation to preoperative findings. Results Predominant etiological factor in fractures of frontal sinus walls is trauma sustained in traffic accidents, which occurred in 52.6% of patients in our investigation. In clinical findings, the impression was the predominant sign, present in 16 patients. In 6 cases soft tissue access through already present lacerations or their extensions was employed, in 4 cases it was done by supraciliary access and in 9 by bicoronal access. As a therapeutic measure, drainage was performed in 5 cases, cranialisation in one, ostheoneogenetic access in 11 cases and a simple reposition of fragments in 2 patients with fractured frontal sinus walls. Infection as a complication was absent. All patients were satisfied with postoperative esthetical appearance of the injured region. Conclusion The infection, the lacerations and the direction of fractured lines are dominant factors in the determination of therapeutic procedures used to treat fractured frontal sinus walls. This will result in the low incidence of infection as a postoperative complication and in patient?s satisfaction with postoperative esthetical result of the injured region.
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Meireles, Helena, Rita Bento, Serena Cattari, and Sergio Lagomarsino. "A hysteretic model for “frontal” walls in Pombalino buildings." Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 10, no. 5 (June 26, 2012): 1481–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10518-012-9360-0.
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Kelishadi, Shahrooz S., Matthew R. Zeiderman, Karan Chopra, Joseph A. Kelamis, Gerhard S. Mundinger, and Eduardo D. Rodriguez. "Facial Fracture Patterns Associated with Traumatic Optic Neuropathy." Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction 12, no. 1 (March 2019): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1641172.
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Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) is rare. The heterogeneity of injury patterns and patient condition on presentation makes diagnosis difficult. Fracture patterns associated with TON have never been evaluated. Retrospective review of 42 patients diagnosed with TON at the R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center from May 1998 to August 2010 was performed. Thirty-three patients met criteria for study inclusion of fracture patterns. Additional variables measured included patient demographics and mechanism. Cluster analysis was used to form homogenous groups of patients based on different fracture patterns. Fracture frequency was analyzed by group and study population. Visual depiction of fracture patterns was created for each group. Cluster analysis of fracture patterns yielded five common “groups” or fracture patterns among the study population. Group 1 ( n = 3, 9%) revealed contralateral lateral orbital wall (100%), zygoma (67%), and nasal bone (67%) fractures. Group 2 ( n = 7, 21%) demonstrated fractures of the frontal bone (86%), nasal bones (71%), and ipsilateral orbital roof (57%). Group 3 ( n = 14, 43%) involved fractures of the ipsilateral zygoma (100%), lateral orbital wall (29%), as well as frontal and nasal bones (21% each). Group 4 ( n = 5, 15%) consisted of mid- and upper-face fractures; 100% fractured the ipsilateral orbital floor, medial and lateral walls, maxilla, and zygoma; 80% fractured the orbital roof and bilateral zygoma. Group 5 ( n = 4, 12%) was characterized by fractures of the ipsilateral orbital floor, medial and lateral orbital walls (75% each), and orbital roof (50%). A notably high 15 of 33 patients (45%) sustained penetrating trauma. Our study demonstrates five fracture pattern groups associated with TON. Zygomatic, frontal, nasal, and orbital fractures were the most common. Fractures with a combination of frontal, nasal, and orbital fractures are particularly concerning and warrant close attention to the eye.
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Kim, Yong Hee, Jae Ho Kim, and Jin Yong Jeon. "Scale Model Investigations of Diffuser Application Strategies for Acoustical Design of Performance Venues." Acta Acustica united with Acustica 97, no. 5 (September 1, 2011): 791–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3813/aaa.918459.
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This work investigates the effects of diffusive surfaces on concert hall acoustics using scale models with regard to hall shape and diffuser location. Two simple 1:50 scale models (shoebox and fan-shaped) were produced to measure the RT and SPL, which were decreased by wall diffusers in both hall shapes. In the shoebox hall, SPL was increased especially in the frontal area but was decreased in the rear area due to redirection of the second reflections by the opposite lateral walls, whereas SPL was decreased in both the frontal and rear area in the fan-shaped hall. For in-depth investigation of diffuser location and profile, three shoebox model halls were reproduced: a 1:50 symphony hall, a 1:25 chamber hall and a 1:25 theater. Minimal reductions in RT and LL and decreased spatial deviation in acoustical parameters were established as criteria to determine the effective diffuser location. The halves of the lateral walls closest to the stage were found to be the most effective areas for diffuser installation. Additionally, large and sparse diffuser profiles usually provided better acoustical results.
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Yoon, Bit-Na, Pete S. Batra, Martin J. Citardi, and Hwan-Jung Roh. "Frontal Sinus Inverted Papilloma: Surgical Strategy Based on the Site of Attachment." American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy 23, no. 3 (May 2009): 337–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/ajra.2009.23.3328.
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Background The surgical management of inverted papilloma (IP) involving the frontal sinus (FS) remains a challenge given the narrow confines of the frontal recess and the close proximity to critical structures. The objective of this study was to elucidate a surgical strategy for management of frontal sinus IP based on the site of attachment. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed on 18 patients with FS IP treated at the Pusan National University Hospital and the Cleveland Clinic Foundation between 1998 and 2008. Results The mean age was 53.8 years with a male/female ratio of 13:5. The sites of tumor attachment included the medial wall (MW; six cases), posterior wall (PW; five cases), diffuse (all walls involved; five cases), intersinus septal cell (three cases), lateral wall (two cases), and anterior wall (two cases). IP involvement was unifocal in 10 cases and multifocal in 8 cases. Unifocal IP attached to the MW or PW was managed strictly by endoscopic frontal sinusotomy (EFS) in five of six cases (83%). Multifocal IP required endoscopic modified Lothrop (EML) and/or open approaches (endoscopic frontal trephination [EFT], four, osteoplastic flap [OPF], one) in seven of eight cases (88%). One additional patient with bilateral anterior table involvement required OPF. Four (22%) patients developed recurrences. Two were managed by EML, one was managed by EFS, and one was managed by EFT and EFS. Two patients developed cerebrospinal fluid leaks that were managed endoscopically without untoward effects. All patients were free of disease at the time of last evaluation with a mean follow-up of 36.6 months. Conclusion Frontal sinus IP with MW or PW involvement can generally be managed by standard EFS. Tumors with multifocal involvement often require EML, along with adjunct EFT in selected cases. OPF can be avoided as the primary surgical approach in most patients with sinonasal papilloma of FS.
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Bondarchuk, Oleksandr. "Fractures of the walls of the frontal sinus: criteria for choosing the tactics of surgical treatment and indications for obliteration." OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY, no. 1(2) 2019 (March 9, 2019): 66–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.37219/2528-8253-2019-1-66.
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Treatment of fractures of the walls of the frontal sinus complicates the presence of intracranial pathology. The main goals of surgical treatment of such states are: protection of intracranial structures, sealing of the cavity of the skull; prevention of early and late purulent-inflammatory complications; correction of aesthetically significant deformation and restoration of the shape of the frontal area. To determine the indications for frontal sinus obliteration (LP), it was necessary to detect changes to the operation that prevented it from being stored as an airborne cavity, or would make such an attempt "risk" for relapse. The main step in prevention of complications is the surgical removal of the mucous membrane and the closure of the mucus, therefore, the criterion for choosing surgical tactics for lesions of the foam-basal localization, and surrounding tissues is to determine the condition of the fronto-nasal constriction and its walls Failure to comply with these provisions will inevitably lead to complications in the postoperative period.
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Persing, John A., John A. Jane, Paul A. Levine, and Robert W. Cantrell. "The versatile frontal sinus approach to the floor of the anterior cranial fossa." Journal of Neurosurgery 72, no. 3 (March 1990): 513–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1990.72.3.0513.
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✓ A technique to expose the anterior cranial base is described with entry through the anterior and posterior walls of the frontal sinus. Burr holes are avoided in the visible portion of the forehead. Expansion of the operative field may be accomplished, if necessary, by supplemental superior frontal or supraorbital rim osteotomy. The technique is rapid, safe, and provides excellent operative exposure and superior cosmetic results.
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Gil-Carcedo, L. M., E. S. Gil-Carcedo, L. A. Vallejo, J. M. de Campos, and D. Herrero. "Frontal osteomas: standardising therapeutic indications." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 125, no. 10 (July 18, 2011): 1020–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215111001563.
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AbstractBackground:We believe the currently accepted indications for frontal osteoma surgery are inappropriate. We propose a new osteoma classification system, below, in order to standardise surgical decisions.Method:Osteomas were classified based on: relationship of tumour mass to sinus size; tumour proximity to the infundibulum, destruction of sinus walls, and complications. Forty-five osteoma cases were thus classified (1971–2007), 29 of which underwent surgery (64.44 per cent).Results:Three stages were thus derived: I, tumour/air fraction less than one-third, tumour distant from the infundibulum, no sinusitis, and no complications (18 patients (40 per cent)); II, tumour/air fraction one-third to one-half, no infundibular obstruction, no bone destruction, no sinusitis, and no complications (six (13.33 per cent)); and III, tumour/air fraction more than one-half, partial or total infundibular obstruction, sinusitis, bone destruction, and/or complications (21 (46.67 per cent)).Conclusion:Study findings suggest the following surgical indications: stage I, no surgery required, implement monitoring protocol; stage II, implement monitoring protocol, surgery may be required depending on tumour severity and general patient condition; and stage III, surgery always required. This system provides a method of standardising osteoma surgical decisions.
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DONALD, PAUL J., and MALCOLM ETTIN. "THE SAFETY OF FRONTAL SINUS FAT OBLITERATION WHEN SINUS WALLS ARE MISSING." Laryngoscope 96, no. 2 (February 1986): 190???193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1288/00005537-198602000-00011.
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Lee, W. C. "Recurrent frontal sinusitis complicating orbital decompression in Graves' disease." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 110, no. 7 (July 1996): 670–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100134577.
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AbstractAn unusual case of recurrent frontal sinusitis with abscess formation secondary to orbital decompression for Graves' disease is described. The infection was refractory to antibiotics treatment, external drainage and the sinus obliteration procedure. Since the sinus outflow was obstructed by prolapsing tissue following excessive removal of the orbital walls, sinus re-aeration by supporting the prolapsed tissue with a silastic sheet and stenting the sinus drainage tract was attempted. This led to a complete resolution of the infection with an excellent long-term result.
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Alekseeva, V., and V. Gargin. "DETERMINATION OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE WALLS OF THE FRONTAL SINUS ACCORDING TO SPIRAL COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY." Inter Collegas 7, no. 2 (July 4, 2020): 76–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.35339/ic.7.2.76-80.
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DETERMINATION OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE WALLS OF THE FRONTAL SINUS ACCORDING TO SPIRAL COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
Alekseeva V., Gargin V.
The anatomical structure of the frontal sinus is of key importance for the development of its inflammation and the development of complications with spread to neighboring organs and tissues (orbital phlegmon, brain abscesses, meningitis). The aim of our study was to compare the density and thickness of the bone tissue of the unchanged frontal sinus and in various forms of chronic inflammation. Materials and methods. We observed 121 patients with various forms of chronic frontal sinusitis: 56 with chronic hyperplastic (mucosal hyperplasia (up to 6 mm) and 33 patients with chronic purulent-polypous frontal sinusitis, manifested by a total and subtotal decrease in sinus pneumatization according to spiral computed tomography (SCT). 32 SCT samples were selected to form a comparison group without any abnormalities of the paranasal sinuses. Results. The maximum density typical for the lower wall of the frontal sinus under physiological conditions and was found to be 107.96 ± 201.64Hu, the minimum for the posterior wall in purulent-polypous frontal sinusitis was -103.74 ± 195.37Hu. The bone thickness both in the posterior region and in the region practically does not depend on the degree of the severity of pathological changes in it and is 1.0006 ± 0.538 mm, 0.91 ± 0.26 mm, 0.82 ± 0.169 mm under physiological conditions , with mucosal hyperplasia and with purulent-polypous frontal sinusitis in the posterior wall, respectively. In the region of the lower wall, 4.05 ± 2.04 mm, 2.32 ± 1.16 mm, and 4.002 ± 1.16 mm, respectively, according to the above order. Conclusion. It can be assumed that the larger the change in PNSs, the lower the bone density. This in turn affects the prediction of possible complications during surgical treatment of chronic frontal sinusitis.
Key words: frontal sinus, computed tomography, bone thickness, bone density
Резюме.
ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ МОРФОЛОГІЧНОЇ СТРУКТУРИ СТІНОК ЛОБНОЇ ПАЗУХИ ЗА ДОПОМОГОЮ СПІРАЛЬНОЇ КОМП'ЮТЕРНОЇ ТОМОГРАФІЇ
Алєксєєва B.B., Гаргін B.B.
Анатомічна будова лобної пазухи має ключове значення для виникнення запальних процесів та розвитку ускладнень із поширенням на сусідні органи та тканини (формування флегмони орбіти, абсцесів мозку, менінгіту). Метою нашого дослідження було порівняння щільності та товщини кісткової тканини лобної пазухи в фізіологічних умовах та при різних формах хронічного запального процесу. Матеріали та методи. Під спостереженням було 89 пацієнтів з різними формами хронічного фронтального синуситу: 56 - з хронічним гіперпластичним фронтальним синуситом (гіперплазією слизової оболонки до 6 мм) та 33 пацієнти з хронічним гнійно-поліпозним фронтальним синуситом, що при проведенні спіральної комп’ютерної томографії (СКТ) проявлявся тотальним і субтотальним зниженням пневматизації. Контрольна група - 32 СКТ людей з фізіологічним станом навколоносових пазух. Результати. Максимальна щільність кісткової тканини була визначена в області нижньої стінки лобної пазухи та становила - 107.96 ± 201.64 Hu, мінімальна - в області задньої стінки при гнійно-поліпозному лобному синуситі - -103.74 ± 195.37 Hu. Товщина кісток практично не залежала від ступеня виразності патологічних змін у ній і становить в області задньої стінки - 1.0006 ± 0.538 мм, 0.91 ± 0.26 мм, 0.82 ± 0.169 мм у фізіологічних умовах, при гіперплазії слизової оболонки і при гнійно-поліпозному фронтальному синуситі. В області нижньої стінки 4.05 ± 2.04 мм, 2.32 ± 1,16 мм та 4.002 ± 1.16 мм відповідно. Висновки. Можна припустити, що щільність кісткової тканини залежить від ступеня виразності патологічних змін в лобній пазусі. Це в свою чергу впливає на прогнозування розвитку ускладнень.
Ключові слова: лобна пазуха, спіральна комп'ютерна томографія, товщина кісток, щільність кісток.
Резюме.
ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ МОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ СТРУКТУРЫ СТЕНОК ЛОБНОЙ ПАЗУХИ С ПОМОЩЬЮ СПИРАЛЬНОЙ КОМПЬЮТЕРНОЙ ТОМОГРАФИИ
Алексеева B.B., Гаргин B.B.
Анатомическое строение лобной пазухи имеет ключевое значение для возникновения воспалительных процессов и развития осложнений с распространением на соседние органы и ткани (формирование флегмоны орбиты, абсцессов мозга, менингита). Целью нашего исследования было сравнение плотности и толщины костной ткани лобной пазухи в физиологических условиях и при различных формах хронического воспалительного процесса.Материалы и методы. Под наблюдением находилось 89 пациентов с различными формами хронического фронтального синусита: 56 - с хроническим гиперпластическим фронтальным синуситом (гиперплазией слизистой оболочки до 6 мм) и 33 пациента с хроническим гнойно-полипозным фронтальным синуситом, что при проведении спиральной компьютерной томографии (СКТ) проявлялся тотальным и субтотальным снижением пневматизации. Контрольная группа - 32 СКТ людей с физиологическим состоянием околоносовых пазух.Результаты. Максимальная плотность костной ткани была определена в области нижней стенки лобной пазухи в физиологических условиях и составила - 107.96 ± 201.64 Hu, минимальная - в области задней стенки при гнойно-полипозном лобном синусите - -103.74 ± 195.37 Hu. Толщина костей практически не зависила от степени выраженности патологических изменений в ней и составляла в области задней стенки - 1.0006 ± 0.538 мм, 0.91 ± 0.26 мм, 0.82 ± 0.169 мм в физиологических условиях, при гиперплазии слизистой оболочки и при гнойно-полипозном фронтальном синусите. В области нижней стенки 4.05 ± 2.04 мм, 2.32 ± 1.16 мм и 4.002 ± 1.16 мм, соответственно. Выводы. Можно предположить, что плотность костной ткани зависит от степени выраженности патологических изменений в лобной пазухе. Это в свою очередь влияет на прогнозирование возможности развития осложнений.
Ключевые слова: лобная пазуха, спиральная компьютерная томография, толщина костей, плотность костей.
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Dimitrijevic, Milovan, Nenad Arsovic, Zoran Dudvarski, and Ivan Boricic. "Giant destructive sinonasal polyposis." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 143, no. 3-4 (2015): 186–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh1504186d.
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Introduction. Authors report their clinical experience in managing a 46-year-old male patient with long lasting nose breathing difficulties caused by nasal obstruction due to a large bilateral tumor masses in both nasal cavities. Case Outline. Physical examination, laboratory and biochemistry analyses, as well as computed tomography showed an inhomogeneous soft-tissue tumor mass completely filling both nasal cavities, maxillary, ethmoidal, sphenoidal, and frontal sinuses on both sides, accompanied by destruction of bony walls of all sinuses. Preoperative histopathology analysis showed a polyp with squamous metaplasia. The gigantic polypoid mass was removed by bicoronal approach to the frontal and ethmoidal sinuses and by direct approach to the maxillary sinuses and nasal cavity. Definite histopathology analysis confirmed the initial diagnosis, but the presence of fungal hyphae in allergic mucus was also observed. Conclusion. Polypoid growth in the nose rarely grow to such gigantic dimensions that it causes destruction of all walls of paranasal sinuses. Considering so far published reports from the literature, the presented case is among the biggest nasal polyps reported until now.
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Gargin, V. V., A. V. Lupyr, V. V. Alekseeva, and N. O. Yurevych. "AGE FEATURES OF BONE TISSUE DENSITY IN THE POSTERIOR AND INFERIOR WALLS OF THE FRONTAL SINUS." Inter Collegas 6, no. 1 (April 23, 2019): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.35339/ic.6.1.58-61.
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AGE FEATURES OF BONE TISSUE DENSITY IN THE POSTERIOR AND INFERIOR WALLS OF THE FRONTAL SINUSGargin V.V., Lupyr A.V., Alekseeva V.V., YurevychN.O.Chronic rhinosinusitis is a significant social, medical and economical problem. Elderly patients are unique among all groups of patients. The purpose of our study was to determine physiological variability of frontal sinus in the posterior and inferior walls and to compare it with variability in purulent-polypous rhinosinusitis. Subjects and methods: The study involved SCT examination of 40 male patients: 10 tomograms of patients aged 30-40 and 10 of patients aged 75-85. The tomograms of patients without ENT diseases were used for the control group. The study group included tomograms of patients aged 30-40 and 75-85 with chronic rhinosinusitis. Results. An average bone density of the posterior and inferior walls of the frontal sinuses was calculated. The bone density of the group aged 30-40 was 191.5±11.6ͦHu in the inferior wall, 176.6±21ͦHu in the posterior and 169.1±16.8ͦHu and 164±21ͦHu in the group aged 75-85 according to the above order. The study showed pronounced changes in the bone density in purulent-polypous frontal sinusitis. In the group aged 30-40 it was as follows: 120.1±8.3ͦHu, 162.1±24ͦHu in the inferior wall and 101.4±6.95ͦHu, 127.4.8 ±15.4ͦHu in the posterior wall. Conclusions: It can be assumed that the decrease in the bone density is associated with age. And it is more severe in case of chronic frontal sinusitis.Key words: Frontal sinus, CT, elderly, bone density. ВІКОВІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ЩІЛЬНОСТІ КІСТКОВОЇ ТКАНИНИ ЗАДНЬОЇ ТА НИЖНЬОЇ СТІНКИ ЛОБНОГО СИНУСУАлєксєєва В.В., Гаргін В.В., Лупир А.В., Юревич Н.О.Хронічний риносинусит є значною соціальною, медичною та економічною проблемою. Пацієнти похилого віку займають особливе місце серед усіх пацієнтів. Метоюнашого дослідження стало визначення фізіологічної вікової мінливості задньої та нижньої стінок лобної пазухи та порівняння її з такою при хронічних гнійно-поліпозних фронтитах.Матеріали та методи. Ми дослідили результати 40 комп'ютерних томограм людей чоловічої статі: 10 томограм чоловіків 30-40 років та 10 - 75 - 85 років. без ознак ЛОР-патології та по 10 томограм пацієнтів віком від 30 до 40 років і 75 до 85 років з хронічним гнійно – поліпозним фронтитом. Результати. Була підрахована середня щільність кісткової тканини задньої та нижньої стінок фронтального синуса. Щільність кісткової тканинив групі чоловіків 30-40 років склала: в області нижньоїстінки 191,5 ± 11,6ͦHu. задньої - 176,6 ± 21ͦHu, а в групі чоловіків 75-85 років:. 169,1 ± 16,8ͦHu і 164 ± 21ͦHu. згідно до наведеного вище порядку. Ми відмітили також зміни щільності кісткової тканини при гнійно-поліпозному фронтальному синуситі. У віці від 30 до 40 років вона склала: в області нижньої стінки – 120,1 ± 8,3ͦHu, а задньої стінці - 162,1 ± 24ͦHu (група віком 30 – 40 років) та 101,4 ± 6,95ͦHu, 127,4,8 ± 15,4ͦHu відповідно (група чоловіків 75 – 85 років)Висновки: Можна припустити, що вік впливає нащільність нижньої та задньої стінки кістковоїтканини лобного синусу. В той же час наявність хронічного запального процесу (хронічного гнійно – поліпозного фронтального синуситу) посилює цей вплив.Ключові слова: фронтальний синус, CКT, старіння, щільність кісток. ВОЗРАСТНЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПЛОТНОСТИ КОСТНОЙ ТКАНИ ЗАДНЕЙ И НИЖНЕЙ СТЕНКИ ЛОБНОГО СИНУСААлексеева В.В., Гаргин В.В., Лупырь А.В., Юревич Н.А.Хронический риносинусит является значительной социальной, медицинской и экономической проблемой. Пациенты пожилого возраста занимают особое место среди всех групп пациентов. Целью нашего исследования стало определение физиологической возрастной изменчивости задней и нижней стенок лобной пазухи и сравнение ее с таковой при хронических гнойно-полипозных фронтитах. Материалы и методы: мы исследовали результаты 40 компьютерных томограмм людей мужского пола: 10 томограмм мужчин 30-40 лет и 10 – 75 - 85 лет без признаков ЛОР-патологии и по 10 томограмм пациентов в возрасте от 30 до 40 лет и 75 до 85 лет с хроническим гнойно - полипозных фронтитом. Результаты. Была подсчитана средняя плотность костной ткани задней и нижней стенок фронтального синуса. Плотность костной ткани в группе мужчин 30-40 лет составила: в области нижней стенки 191,5 ± 11,6ͦHu. задней - 176,6 ± 21ͦHu, а в группе мужчин 75-85 лет:. 169,1 ± 16,8ͦHu и 164 ± 21ͦHu. согласно приведенному выше порядке. Мы отметили также изменения плотности костной ткани при гнойно-полипозных фронтальном синусите. возрасте от 30 до 40 лет она составила: в области нижней стенки - 120,1 ± 8,3ͦHu, а задней стенке - 162,1 ± 24ͦHu (группа в возрасте 30 - 40 лет) и 101,4 ± 6,95ͦHu, 127 , 4,8 ± 15,4ͦHu соответственно (группа мужчин 75 - 85 лет). Выводы: Можно предположить, что возраст влияет на плотность нижней и задней стенки костной ткани лобного синуса. В то же время наличие хронического воспалительного процесса (хронического гнойно - полипозного фронтального синусита) усиливает это отрицательное влияние.Ключевые слова: фронтальный синус, CКT, старение, плотность кости
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Mubaraki, Musleh, Ali Albarki, and Radeif Shamakhi. "Frontoethmoid mucocele: a case report." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 7, no. 7 (June 23, 2021): 1183. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20212458.
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<p>Mucoceles are cystic lesions of the paranasal sinuses that develop as a result of mucous secretion accumulation due to sinus ostium obstruction, Mucoceles are most common in the frontal and ethmoidal sinuses, and they affect both men and women equally in may become infected and spread to the orbital cavity, compressing the orbit by eroding the orbital cavity's bony walls. In surgical treatment, endoscopic approach we are used, we present a case of a complicated ethmoid mucocele that eroded the orbital wall and spread into the orbital cavity, and we discuss surgical treatment options in light of the existing literature.</p>
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Alekseeva, Victoriia V., Alina S. Nechiporenko, Andrii V. Lupyr, Nadiia O. Yurevych, and Vitaliy V. Gargin. "A METHOD OF COMPLEX EVALUATION OF MORPHOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF OSTIOMEATAL COMPLEX COMPONENTS, LOWER WALL OF MAXILLARY AND FRONTAL SINUSES." Wiadomości Lekarskie 73, no. 12 (2020): 2576–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek202012104.
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The aim: Was to evaluate the anatomical variability of the frontal and maxillary sinuses, ostiomeatal complex components (OMC) and to identify factors that contribute to complications of inflammatory processes and development of odontogenic maxillary sinusitis. Materials and methods: The study involved assessment of 100 spiral computed tomograms (SCT) of human patients without pathological processes in the PNS area. The basic parameters of the anatomical structure of the ostiomeatal complex (the area of the hooked process and the middle nasal conch, their transverse dimensions, the density and dimensions of the natural connection), the thickness and the density of the lower wall of the maxillary and frontal sinuses were determined. These parameters were investigated by the method of uncertainty calculation. Results: The findings showed that the bone density of the maxillary sinus on the left was 57.713 ± 440.356 Hu (minimum), 1101.507 ± 613.4882 Hu (maximum); 96.2752 ± 395.0 and 1028.691 ± 620.4051 on the right, respectively, the density of the inferior frontal sinus wall on the right was 5.5179 ± 276.43 and 831.1607 ± 732.274, on the left 12.069 ± 310.56 and 898.293 ± 748, respectively. In the same way, the probable OMC structure parameters, in the range ± U at the confidence level p = 0.95, were calculated. Conclusions: Thus, some variants of the anatomical structure of the ostiomeatal complex can be a prerequisite for hypoventilation of PNS and, as a consequence, lead to inflammatory processes in them. Features of the same structure of the walls of the PNS are a prerequisite for the propagation of the inflammatory process in the surrounding tissues and the development of complications.
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Krasnozhen, V. N., D. A. Shcherbakov, and A. T. Mugallimov. "The replacement of defects in the frontal walls of the paranasal sinuses by the allotransplants." Vestnik otorinolaringologii 80, no. 4 (2015): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17116/otorino201580427-29.
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Abou-Al-Shaar, Hussam, Muhammad M. Abd-El-Barr, Hasan A. Zaidi, Eleanor Russell-Goldman, Rebecca D. Folkerth, Edward R. Laws, and E. Antonio Chiocca. "Frontal dermoid cyst coexisting with suprasellar craniopharyngioma: a spectrum of ectodermally derived epithelial-lined cystic lesions?" Neurosurgical Focus 41, no. 6 (December 2016): E16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2016.8.focus16238.
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There is a wide group of lesions that may exist in the sellar and suprasellar regions. Embryologically, there is varying evidence that many of these entities may in fact represent a continuum of pathology deriving from a common ectodermal origin. The authors report a case of a concomitant suprasellar craniopharyngioma invading the third ventricle with a concurrent frontal lobe cystic dermoid tumor. A 21-year-old man presented to the authors' service with a 3-day history of worsening headache, nausea, vomiting, and blurry vision. Magnetic resonance imaging depicted a right frontal lobe lesion associated with a separate suprasellar cystic lesion invading the third ventricle. The patient underwent a right pterional craniotomy for resection of both lesions. Gross-total resection of the right frontal lesion was achieved, and subtotal resection of the suprasellar lesion was accomplished with some residual tumor adherent to the walls of the third ventricle. Histopathological examination of the resected right frontal lesion documented a diagnosis of dermoid cyst and, for the suprasellar lesion, a diagnosis of adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma. The occurrence of craniopharyngioma with dermoid cyst has not been reported in the literature before. Such an association might indeed suggest the previously reported hypothesis that these lesions represent a spectrum of ectodermally derived epithelial-lined cystic lesions.
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Eötvös, Csilla-Andrea, Roxana-Daiana Lazar, Iulia-Georgiana Zehan, Erna-Brigitta Lévay-Hail, Giorgia Pastiu, Mihaela Pop, Anca Simona Bojan, Sorin Pop, and Dan Blendea. "Cardiac Amyloidosis with Discordant QRS Voltage between Frontal and Precordial Leads." Medicina 57, no. 7 (June 27, 2021): 660. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57070660.
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Among the different types, immunoglobulin light chain (AL) cardiac amyloidosis is associated with the highest morbidity and mortality. The outcome, however, is significantly better when an early diagnosis is made and treatment initiated promptly. We present a case of cardiac amyloidosis with left ventricular hypertrophy criteria on the electrocardiogram. After 9 months of follow-up, the patient developed low voltage in the limb leads, while still maintaining the Cornell criteria for left ventricular hypertrophy as well. The relative apical sparing by the disease process, as well as decreased cancellation of the opposing left ventricular walls could be responsible for this phenomenon. The discordance between the voltage in the frontal leads and precordial leads, when present in conjunction with other findings, may be helpful in raising the clinical suspicion of cardiac amyloidosis.
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Quadros, Ricardo Souza, Atos Alves de Sousa, Gervásio Telles Cardoso Carvalho, and Marcos Antônio Dellaretti Filho. "Multifocal osteoclastoma of the skull: case report." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 62, no. 1 (March 2004): 167–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2004000100031.
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We describe the case of a 35 years old man with a nonspecific complaint of a slow growing solid mass in the frontal region. Radiological exams evidenced two more lesions : in the superior and lateral walls of the orbit. Treated with total excision of the lesions and a cranioplastic procedure at the same act, with favorable outcome. Microscopic findings suggested giant cell tumor in the three lesions that was confirmed by imunohistochemical examination.
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Blatteis, C. M., J. R. S. Hales, M. J. McKinley, and A. A. Fawcett. "Role of the anteroventral third ventricle region in fever in sheep." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 65, no. 6 (June 1, 1987): 1255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y87-200.
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Ablation of the anteroventral third ventricle (AV3V) region, which includes the organum vasculosum laminae terminalis (OVLT), blocks the febrile response of guinea pigs to systemically injected endotoxin; by contrast, discrete lesions of the OVLT transiently enhance fever in rabbits and rats. To assess whether separate subdivisions of the AV3V may mediate these different effects, the thermal responses to Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 0.25 μg/kg, i.v.) were measured in eight sheep before and 12–13 days after placement of lesions at various levels within the AV3V. The responses of four of these sheep to crude homologous endogenous pyrogen (EP, 1–2 mL, i.c.v.) were also evaluated. Additionally, five other sheep were tested with LPS 2–8 months postlesion. All the experiments were performed at thermoneutrality. Sheep were used because most of the frontal wall of their 3V forms an elongated OVLT consisting of an avascular body and a vascular base. The animals were classified postmortem according to the extent of tissue ablated. Lesion overlap analyses showed that (i) medial lesions which extended from the floor of the 3V to the anterior commissure and laterally into adjacent preoptic periventricular tissue were associated with significantly depressed fever after LPS (n = 2); (ii) comparable lesions, but which excluded the ventral portion of the AV3V, i.e., the base of the OVLT, did not alter the magnitude of the febrile response to LPS (n = 4); (iii) lesions of the lateral walls of the 3V and (or) of the adjacent medial preoptic and anterior hypothalamic areas but excluding the frontal 3V wall also did not affect fever height after LPS (n = 7). Damage to aspects of the walls of the lateral ventricles attenuated the febrile response to EP i.c.v. (n = 3). Hence, although no separate fever-inhibiting and fever-enhancing regions were found within the AV3V, these results indicate that the ventral portion of the AV3V, i.e., the vascular plexus of the OVLT, is critical for normal fever development in sheep.
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Giger, A., and M. Srinivasan. "Honeybee vision: analysis of orientation and colour in the lateral, dorsal and ventral fields of view." Journal of Experimental Biology 200, no. 8 (April 1, 1997): 1271–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.200.8.1271.
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The ability of honeybees (Apis mellifera) to learn and recognise peripherally presented patterns was investigated by training bees in a Y-maze which presented patterns on the side walls, the ceiling or the floor. We found that pattern orientation is learnt and recognised in the lateral and frontal visual field, but not in the dorsal or ventral fields. Colour information, in contrast, is used in the lateral and frontal as well as the ventral visual field, but not in the dorsal field. If pattern orientation is different on opposite sides of the visual field during training, both patterns are learned, but each on its own is sufficient for the bees to recognise the learnt stimulus. However, unilaterally learnt pattern information, be it orientation or colour, cannot be accessed when the test pattern is viewed on the other side. That is, interocular transfer of such information does not occur.
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Cappietti, Lorenzo, and Irene Simonetti. "ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF OSCILLATING WATER COLUMN DEVICES IN REDUCING THE AGITATION IN FRONT OF VERTICAL WALLS HARBOR STRUCTURES." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 36 (December 30, 2018): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.structures.67.
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Wave reflection at harbor structures negatively affects the navigability of entrance canals and harbor tranquility. In case of rubble-mound structures this phenomenon is relatively limited if compared to vertical-wall structures. However, in case of deep waters, the use of the latter is an obliged choice due to economic reasons. Furthermore, vertical wall structures are also the preferred choice of harbor managers since they permit a better design of the berthing structures and help the effective use of space inside the harbor. Reducing the wave reflection at vertical wall structures is thus an important measure. To date, several approaches have been presented in the literature (see for instance Huang et al., 2011, and references therein). The effectiveness of slotted vertical perforated-walls has been studied since many years (most recently: Neelamani et al., 2017). Such kind of structure is often also adopted as frontal and internal wall of caisson breakwaters embodying one or multiple chambers (most recently: Ciocan et al., 2017). Another alternative, so far proposed, are caissons with internal rubble mound (Altomare, C., & Gironella, X., 2014). The so called Oscillating Water Column (OWC) concept, commonly investigated as wave energy converter (Falcão, 2010), can also represent a viable alternative to absorb the incident energy thus decreasing its reflection. However, the studies that investigate its effectiveness as anti-reflection device are quite limited (Liu and Geng, 2012, He and Huang 2016). This work aims to contribute to the present knowledge on the effectiveness of an OWC, embodied in quay walls or harbor breakwaters, as an alternative to reduce the wave reflection at vertical wall structures.
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Peric, Aleksandar, Nenad Baletic, Biserka Vukomanovic-Djurdjevic, Milena Jovic, and Ruzica Kozomara. "Mucocoele of the maxillary sinus." Vojnosanitetski pregled 64, no. 5 (2007): 361–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp0705361p.
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Background. Mucocoele is histopathologically benign, cystic change of paranasal sinuses filled with mucoid contents, which with its growth is pressuring and destroying local bone walls. In only 3% of the cases it can be localized in maxillary sinuses. Etiology is unknown. Pyocoele develops by secondary infection. Case report. The male patient was 21 years old. His symptoms were runny nose with thick contents and heavy breathing on the right side of the nose, headaches, as well as the swelling of the right cheek. During clinical examination, the expansive change was found. It was completely closing the right side of the nose cavity. Computerized tomography (CT) of paranasal cavities showed excessive expansion of the right maxillary sinus, with very thinned walls, while the cavity was filled with liquid. After antibiotics therapy, the radical operation of the right maxillary sinus was performed, based on Caldwell Luc method. The frontal wall was found to be extremely convex and thinned, while the medial wall was with dehiscention. The cystic change was extirpated. Mucocoele was proved by pathohistologic findings. Its wall was about 2 mm thick and it showed squamous metaplasia in the large part of the mucocoela epithel. In the submucosa fibrosis and inflammatory infiltrate was present. Postoperative follow-up was under control. Clinically and radiographycaly, six months after therapy, the patient does not have troubles. Conclusion. The rare localization of the mucocoeles in maxillary sinus can be explained with the width of the maxillary ostia. Infected mucocoeles, expanded to the local anatomical structures, should be operated on with classic radical surgical operation. .
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Yatsenko, O. Yu, and I. E. Tyurin. "POTENTIAL OF COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN THE DIAGNOSTICS OF THE LACRIMAL GLAND EPITHELIAL TUMORS." Journal of radiology and nuclear medicine 99, no. 3 (July 27, 2018): 132–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.20862/0042-4676-2018-99-3-132-138.
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Objective. Discussion of the X-ray data in patients with epithelial tumors of the lacrimal gland.Material and methods.We examined CT scans of 20 patients with lacrimal gland epithelial tumors (20 orbits). Pleomorphic adenoma was diagnosed in 9 patients, pleomorphic adenocarcinoma was diagnosed in 11 patients. The computed tomogtaphy was performed according to the standard method with obtaining axial and frontal slices. The slicethickness was 1.0 mm, sliceinterval – 1.0 mm.Results. The article presents data on the structure of lacrimal gland epithelial tumors, considering their volume, dimension and density. Based on the investigation results, the criteria for the differential diagnosis between pleomorphic adenoma and adenocarcinoma have been established.Conclusion.Computed tomography is an essential diagnostic technique for a suspected lacrimal gland tumor. Pleomorphic adenocarcinoma is characterized by a greater density and more heterogeneous structure compared to pleomorphic adenoma. Nearly 3/4 of patients with pleomorphic adenocarcinoma present changes in their orbital walls. The pleomorphic adenoma can’t be ruled out in patients with the thinning of the orbital wall.
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Zabramski, Joseph M., Talat Kiriş, Suresh K. Sankhla, Josep Cabiol, and Robert F. Spetzler. "Orbitozygomatic craniotomy." Journal of Neurosurgery 89, no. 2 (August 1998): 336–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1998.89.2.0336.
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✓ The orbitozygomatic approach provides wide, multidirectional access to the anterior and middle cranial fossae, as well as to the upper third of the posterior fossa and clivus. The authors describe technical details of the surgical approach as it has evolved over 3.5 years of experience in 83 consecutive cases. This modified technique eliminates the need for bone reconstruction of the orbital walls to prevent enophthalmos and minimizes the risk of injury to the frontal branch of the facial nerve. At a follow-up evaluation after a period averaging 14 months, all patients were pleased with the cosmetic results of this approach.
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Cooke, B. N. "Cranial remains of a new species of balbarine kangaroo (Marsupialia: Macropodoidea) from the Oligo-Miocene freshwater limestone deposits of Riversleigh World Heritage Area, northern Australia." Journal of Paleontology 74, no. 2 (March 2000): 317–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000031528.
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A new species, Balbaroo fangaroo, of balbarine kangaroo is described from the freshwater limestone deposits at Riversleigh northern Australia. The type specimens include two partial skulls which reveal hitherto unknown characters of Balbarinae and provide new evidence relevant to the resolution of the phylogenetic affinities of Balbarinae. A number of the newly-revealed characters e.g., squamosal-frontal contact on the walls of the neurocranium, are argued as being plesiomorphic for Macropodoidea.Hypertrophied upper canines which occur in the paratype, have never previously been recorded in kangaroos and represent an example of evolutionary convergence between these herbivorous marsupials and ungulate eutherians.
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Avdeev, A. A. "On removal of complex foreign bodies from the esophagus using an esophagoscope." Kazan medical journal 67, no. 3 (May 15, 1986): 217–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj70094.
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We observed 4 patients with foreign bodies in the esophagus of complex cruciform configuration. The duration of foreign bodies in the esophagus before esophagoscopy for various reasons was 6, 9, 16, and 23 days. In all cases, the foreign bodies were radiologically located in the frontal plane above the level of the second physiological constriction of the esophagus and their ends protruded beyond the esophageal walls. Concomitant complications and severity of patients' condition were in direct correlation with the duration of foreign bodies' stay in the esophagus. All patients under endotracheal anesthesia underwent esophagoscopy to remove foreign bodies.
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D’yachenko, A. Yu, V. I. Terekhov, and N. I. Yarygina. "Vortex formation and heat transfer in turbulent flow past a transverse cavity with inclined frontal and rear walls." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 51, no. 13-14 (July 2008): 3275–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2007.11.039.
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Weyerbrock, Astrid, Todd Mainprize, and James T. Rutka. "Endoscopic Fenestration of A Symptomatic Cavum Septum Pellucidum:Technical Case Report." Operative Neurosurgery 59, suppl_4 (January 2006): ONS—E491—ONS—E491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000234051.86350.51.
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Abstract OBJECTIVE: Cysts of the septum pellucidum (CSPs) may become symptomatic because of obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid flow, resulting in increased intracranial pressure and hydrocephalus requiring surgical intervention. Endoscopic fenestration may be the most effective and least invasive technique to treat this pathological condition. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: An 11-year-old boy sought treatment for frequent episodes of severe headache. On examination, he had papilledema. There was evidence on magnetic resonance imaging scans of a space-occupying CSP with obstructive hydrocephalus. INTERVENTION: The endoscopic technique of fenestration of both lateral walls of an enlarged CSP via a left frontal approach under ultrasound guidance using a rigid endoscope was successful. After surgery, the patient became asymptomatic, his papilledema resolved, and magnetic resonance imaging scans demonstrated collapse of the walls of the CSP toward the midline. CONCLUSION: Neuroendoscopic fenestration should be strongly considered as the treatment of choice for symptomatic CSPs. This procedure alone can lead to complete resolution of clinical symptoms and hydrocephalus, can reduce the size of the CSP, and can obviate the need for an implantable cerebrospinal fluid shunt.
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Birks, S., and L. Peart. "Pott’s Puffy Tumour: a rare but sinister cause of facial swelling." Acute Medicine Journal 20, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 144–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.52964/amja.0855.
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A 27 year old female presented to the emergency department with intermittent central forehead swelling over several months associated with a headache. She was admitted under the medical team as having had a suspected allergic reaction but the diagnosis of a Pott’s Puffy Tumour was quickly made and confirmed through CT and MR imaging. This uncommon condition is related to sinusitis leading to localised abscess formation with osteomyelitis and a subsequent swollen appearance over the affected facial sinus. This patient’s sinus abscess extended into the epidural space and caused destruction of the anterior and posterior walls of the frontal sinus. The patient was managed with intravenous antibiotics, analgesia and referral to the local ENT team for surgical intervention.
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Menon, A. S., M. E. Weber, and H. K. Chang. "Velocity profiles in central airways with endotracheal intubation: a model study." Journal of Applied Physiology 60, no. 3 (March 1, 1986): 876–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1986.60.3.876.
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Steady inspiratory velocity profiles were measured at two flow rates in a 3:1 scale model of the human central airways in the presence of five modes of endotracheal intubation. The presence of an orifice or a short endotracheal tube had no significant effect on the velocity profiles distal to the carina. Long endotracheal tubes change the profiles in both main bronchi. A significant peak occurred in the frontal plane near the walls, and the maximum velocity in the airway was almost identical to the endotracheal tube center-line velocity. The flow impinging on the medial wall of the main bronchus was redirected up around the anterior and posterior walls yielding bipeak velocity profiles in the sagittal plane. A tube placed eccentrically in the trachea over the right main bronchus did not alter the velocity profiles in the left main bronchus, suggesting a redirection of flow over the carina into the left lung. An endobronchial tube at the mouth of the right main bronchus did change the shape of the velocity profiles in the left main bronchus. In the left upper lobar bronchus the presence of trachea intubation had no effect on the velocity profiles. However, in the right upper lobar bronchus, the long endotracheal tube flattened the velocity profiles from the strongly skewed ones seen in the absence of the endotracheal inserts. These results not only are relevant to distribution of ventilation and aerosol particle deposition, but also have strong implications in intrapulmonary gas mixing, especially when high-frequency low tidal-volume ventilation is involved.
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BOCKMANN, FLÁVIO A., and AMALIA M. MIQUELARENA. "Anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of a new catfish species from northeastern Argentina with comments on the phylogenetic relationships of the genus Rhamdella Eigenmann and Eigenmann 1888 (Siluriformes, Heptapteridae)." Zootaxa 1780, no. 1 (May 30, 2008): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1780.1.1.
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Rhamdella cainguae, a new species of the family Heptapteridae is described from the Arroyo Cuña-Pirú, a tributary of the Río Paraná, in the subtropical forest of Misiones, northeastern Argentina. The presence of a large differentiated ovoid area on the supraorbital laterosensory canal along the frontal-sphenotic boundary, delimited by the slender dorsal walls of the bones, and with no foramen for a laterosensory branch, is an autapomorphy for R. cainguae. A detailed description of the skeleton and laterosensory system of R. cainguae is provided. The genus Rhamdella is rediagnosed on the basis of three autapomorphies: a very large opening in the frontal for the exit of the s6 (epiphyseal) branch of the supraorbital laterosensory canal (reversed in R. rusbyi), a large optic foramen, and a dark stripe along the lateral surface of the body (reversed in R. rusbyi). Rhamdella is considered to be the sister group of a large heptapterid clade composed of the Nemuroglanis sub-clade plus the genera Brachyglanis, Gladioglanis, Leptorhamdia, and Myoglanis. Rhamdella is herein restricted to five valid species: R. aymarae, R. cainguae, R. eriarcha, R. longiuscula, and R. rusbyi. A sister group relationship between R. aymarae and R. rusbyi is supported by three synapomorphies. Rhamdella cainguae shares 12 apomorphic features with R. eriarcha and R. longiuscula.
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Hierl, Thomas, and Alexander Hemprich. "Callus Distraction of the Midface in the Severely Atrophied Maxilla—A Case Report." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 36, no. 5 (September 1999): 457–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/1545-1569_1999_036_0457_cdotmi_2.3.co_2.
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Objective: This report introduces the possibilities of callus distraction in the extremely atrophied, edentulous midface in a cleft lip and palate patient. Intervention: After a subtotal Le Fort II osteotomy, tension wires were fixed to the zygomatic buttresses and frontal sinus walls by way of titanium mini-plates and mesh and connected to a rigid external distractor. Then distraction of the whole midface (1 mm/d) was performed. Results: Even in severe atrophy a distraction of the maxilla of 20 mm was possible. Stability has been shown for more than 5 months. Conclusions: Rigid external midfacial distraction may be used in difficult cases for the correction of sagittal discrepancies where conventional orthognatic surgery is likely to be insufficient. Further investigations will concentrate on the long-term outcome.
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Liu, James K. "Modified one-piece extended transbasal approach for translamina terminalis resection of retrochiasmatic third ventricular craniopharyngioma." Neurosurgical Focus 34, v1supplement (January 2013): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2013.v1.focus12354.
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Retrochiasmatic third ventricular craniopharyngiomas are formidable tumors to remove surgically. Access to the third ventricle can be achieved through the lamina terminalis corridor. A skull base approach to the lamina terminalis can be performed using either an anterolateral approach (orbitozygomatic, pterional, supraorbital) or a midline approach (extended transbasal, subfrontal). The major disadvantage of an anterolateral approach is the lack of visualization of the ipsilateral wall of the third ventricle and hypothalamus. However, a midline transbasal approach eliminates this blind spot thereby providing direct visualization of both ependymal walls for safe dissection of the tumor. In this operative video manuscript, the author demonstrates an illustrative step-by-step technique for translamina terminalis resection of a retrochiasmatic retroinfundibular craniopharyngioma within the third ventricle via a modified one-piece extended transbasal approach. This approach uses the standard bifrontal craniotomy and incorporates the anterior wall of the frontal sinus as a one-piece flap. The inferior limit of the osteotomy is based along the coronal contour of the anterior skull base which eliminates any bony overhang that can obstruct the line of sight to the lamina terminalis. Additional removal of the supraorbital bar is not necessary. The operative technique for this skull base approach and surgical nuances for craniopharyngioma resection are illustrated in this video atlas.The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/E3Bsp6dUdAE.
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Falk, Dean, Christoph P. E. Zollikofer, Marcia Ponce de León, Katerina Semendeferi, José Luis Alatorre Warren, and William D. Hopkins. "Identification of in vivo Sulci on the External Surface of Eight Adult Chimpanzee Brains: Implications for Interpreting Early Hominin Endocasts." Brain, Behavior and Evolution 91, no. 1 (2018): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000487248.
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The only direct source of information about hominin brain evolution comes from the fossil record of endocranial casts (endocasts) that reproduce details of the external morphology of the brain imprinted on the walls of the braincase during life. Surface traces of sulci that separate the brain’s convolutions (gyri) are reproduced sporadically on early hominin endocasts. Paleoneurologists rely heavily on published descriptions of sulci on brains of great apes, especially chimpanzees (humans’ phylogenetically closest living relatives), to guide their identifications of sulci on ape-sized hominin endocasts. However, the few comprehensive descriptions of cortical sulci published for chimpanzees usually relied on post mortem brains, (now) antiquated terminology for some sulci, and photographs or line drawings from limited perspectives (typically right or left lateral views). The shortage of adequate descriptions of chimpanzee sulcal patterns partly explains why the identities of certain sulci on australopithecine endocasts (e.g., the inferior frontal and middle frontal sulci) have been controversial. Here, we provide images of lateral and dorsal surfaces of 16 hemispheres from 4 male and 4 female adult chimpanzee brains that were obtained using in vivo magnetic resonance imaging. Sulci on the exposed surfaces of the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes are identified on the images based on their locations, positions relative to each other, and homologies known from comparative studies of cytoarchitecture in primates. These images and sulcal identifications exceed the quantity and quality of previously published illustrations of chimpanzee brains with comprehensively labeled sulci and, thus, provide a larger number of examples for identifying sulci on hominin endocasts than hitherto available. Our findings, even in a small sample like the present one, overturn published claims that australopithecine endocasts reproduce derived configurations of certain sulci in their frontal lobes that never appear on chimpanzee brains. The sulcal patterns in these new images also suggest that changes in two gyri that bridge between the parietal and occipital lobes may have contributed to cortical reorganization in early hominins. It is our hope that these labeled in vivo chimpanzee brains will assist future researchers in identifying sulci on hominin endocasts, which is a necessary first step in the quest to learn how and when the external morphology of the human cerebral cortex evolved from apelike precursors.
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Ichimura, Keiichi, Yasushi Ohta, Yoh-Ichiro Maeda, and Hiroyoshi Sugimura. "Mucoceles of the Paranasal Sinuses with Intracranial Extension-Postoperative Course." American Journal of Rhinology 15, no. 4 (July 2001): 243–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/194589240101500405.
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Mucoceles of the paranasal sinuses cause progressive distension of the bony walls and induce compressive symptoms. Although rare, cases of massive intracranial extension have occurred. We believe that an endoscopic transnasal approach is the best choice for such huge mucoceles because it is the least invasive and can provide an adequate surgical field of view for wide marsupialization. However, the results of long-term follow-up after endoscopic transnasal surgery have not been reported. This study was designed to evaluate prospectively the postoperative course of patients with intracranially extended mucocele. In the last 5 years, we have operated on four patients with intracranially extended mucocele. Although postoperative scanning is not recommended routinely after surgery for inflammatory disease, we followed up two patients who consented by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) along with endoscopy. Dural descent to the original skull base plane necessitated long periods of follow-up, lasting 18 and 5 months, respectively. On the mucocele wall mucosa, which had been smooth during surgery, polyps and granulations developed after surgical drainage and lasted for a considerable time. Although endoscopic transnasal opening of mucocele is a method of choice, we recommend follow-up of such patients for long periods, at least until the frontal skull base dura returns to its original position.
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KELEŞ, Erol, Turgut KARLIDAĞ, İrfan KAYGUSUZ, and Yusuf AVCI. "Fronto-Orbital Mucocele That Caused Defect in the Anterior-Inferior Wall of the Frontal Sinus: Case Report." Türk Rinoloji Dergisi 4, no. 2 (2015): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24091/trhin.2015-46031.
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Pardos, F., C. Roldán, J. Benito, A. Aguirre, and I. Fernández. "Ultrastructure of the lophophoral tentacles in the genus Phoronis (Phoronida, Lophophorata)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 71, no. 9 (September 1, 1993): 1861–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z93-265.
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The lophophoral tentacles of two phoronids, Phoronis psammophila and Phoronis hippocrepia, are described from an ultrastructural point of view. The tentacles are hollow structures, with an epidermis exhibiting supporting cells, sensory cells, and four types of gland cells, A, B1, B2, B3. The epidermis rests on a connective tissue layer, tubular in shape, enclosing a coelomic space lined by myoepithelial mesothelium (peritoneum). There is a single blood capillary in the tentacular coelomic cavity, attached to the frontal face of the tentacle, with contractile walls derived from the peritoneum. Both erythrocytes and amoebocyte-like cells occur inside the capillary. Differences between the tentacles of these two species and those of Phoronis australis, whose structure is already known, mainly concern the abundance and distribution of the epidermal gland cell types and are related to the burrowing and tube-building activities of these animals in different substrata.
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White, Daniel V., Eric H. Sincoff, and Saleem I. Abdulrauf. "Anterior Ethmoidal Artery: Microsurgical Anatomy and Technical Considerations." Operative Neurosurgery 56, suppl_4 (April 1, 2005): ONS—406—ONS—410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000156550.83880.d0.
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Abstract OBJECTIVE: Vascular lesions of the anterior cranial fossa can receive significant blood supply from the anterior ethmoidal artery. Embolization of this blood supply exposes the parent vessel, the ophthalmic artery, to possible embolic complications, which can lead to loss of vision. A study of the microsurgical anatomy can help delineate the course of the anterior ethmoidal artery and find the best points for proximal control of the blood supply to these lesions. Clinical cases are presented to illustrate how lesions with prominent anterior ethmoidal artery feeders are best approached through fronto-orbital single-flap craniotomies. METHODS: Eight cadaveric dissections to demonstrate the microsurgical anatomy of the anterior ethmoidal artery were performed to study the relevant anatomy. Two clinical cases are presented that demonstrate clinical application of this anatomy through fronto-orbital single-flap craniotomies. RESULTS: Eight arteries were studied in four cadaveric heads. The dissections show the course of the anterior ethmoidal artery from the ophthalmic artery in the orbit, through the anterior ethmoidal foramen into the ethmoid air cells, to the cribriform plate, where it turns superiorly to become the anterior falx artery. The first surgical case is of a giant tuberculum sellae meningioma that was resected with coagulation and division of the anterior ethmoidal arteries at the anterior ethmoidal foramina at the laminae papyraceae of both medial orbital walls. The second surgical case is of a large deep right frontal arteriovenous malformation that was resected with coagulation and division of the anterior ethmoidal artery at the anterior ethmoidal foramen of the lamina papyracea of the right medial orbital wall. CONCLUSION: The cadaveric dissections and our surgical experience show that the anterior ethmoidal artery has three important sites for surgical access: 1) the anterior ethmoidal foramen at the lamina papyracea of the medial orbital wall; 2) the anterior ethmoid canal at the lateral ethmoid wall; and 3) extradurally, at the cribriform plate. These three sites are best accessed through a fronto-orbital single-flap craniotomy, which can be unilateral or bilateral, depending on the pathological findings. The described orbital-cranial approach in this article is not being advocated to replace the standard pterional and frontal approaches; rather, we suggest it as an option in these complex cases that require early proximal control of the anterior ethmoidal artery feeders.
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Dritselis, Chris D., Fotini Tzorbatzoglou, Marios Mastrokalos, and Onoufrios Haralampous. "Numerical Study of Flow and Particle Deposition in Wall-Flow Filters with Intact or Damaged Exit." Fluids 4, no. 4 (December 2, 2019): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids4040201.
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We examine the time-dependent three-dimensional gas-particle flow in an intact wall-flow filter consisting of channels alternatively plugged at each end and a partially damaged filter in which the rear plugs are removed. Our focus is placed on highlighting the differences in the flow pattern and the deposition process between the two geometries. The Navier–Stokes equations are solved for the fluid flow coupled with a Brinkman/Forchheimmer model in order to simulate the flow in the porous walls and plugs. Discrete particle simulation is utilized to determine the nanoparticle trajectories. Using this scheme, we are able to characterize the main features of the flow fields developing in the intact and damaged filters with respect to the Reynolds number and identify those affecting the transport and deposition of particles that have three representative response times. We present fluid velocity iso-contours, which describe the flow regimes inside the channels, as well as in regions upstream and downstream of them. We provide evidence of local recirculating bubbles at the entrance of the channels and after their exit, whereas back-flow occurs in front of the rear plugs of the intact channels. We show that the flow leaves the channels as strong jets that may break up for certain flow parameters, leading to turbulence with features that depend on the presence of the rear plugs. The removal of the rear plugs affects the flow distribution, which, in turn influences the flow rates along the channels and through the walls. We describe the particle trajectories and the topology of deposited particles and show that particles follow closely the streamlines, which may cross the surface of permeable walls for both flow configurations. The distribution of deposited particles resembles the spatial variation of the through-wall flow rate, exhibiting two peak values at both ends of the intact filter channel, and one local maximum near the entrance of the damaged filter channel that is diminished at the exit. We also investigate in detail the particle deposition on the frontal face and indicate that particle accumulation at the edges of the entrance is favored for particles with low response times in flows with high fluid mass rates for both intact and damaged filters. Finally, we examine the filtration efficiency for the defective channels without rear plugs and show that fewer particles are captured as the Reynolds number is increased. A smaller reduction of the filtration efficiency is also predicted with increasing particle size.
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Stevens, E. Andrew, Constance A. Stanton, Kyle Nichols, and Thomas L. Ellis. "Rare intraparenchymal choroid plexus carcinoma resembling atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor diagnosed by immunostaining for INI1 protein." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 4, no. 4 (October 2009): 368–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2009.5.peds0955.
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The authors present the case of a rare extraventricular, intraparenchymal choroid plexus carcinoma (CPC). This 6-year-old girl presented to the emergency department with a 1-week history of headaches, nausea, and vomiting. Imaging studies revealed an intraaxial cystic and solid mass located in the right frontal lobe with central nodular enhancement and minimally enhancing cyst walls. Gross-total resection was accomplished via craniotomy without complications. The initial pathological diagnosis was atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT); however, immunostaining for INI1 protein (using the BAF47/SNF5 antibody) showed retention of nuclear staining in the tumor cells, resulting in a change in the diagnosis to CPC. There was no evidence of recurrence at the last follow-up 2.5 years after treatment, which supports the diagnosis of CPC over AT/RT. This case emphasizes the importance of immunostaining for INI1 protein for distinguishing CPC from AT/RT in cases with atypical or indeterminate features.
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Byondi, Franck Kimetya, and Youchung Chung. "3D Printed Long-Range Cavity Structure UHF RFID Tag Antenna with Painting Conductive Ink on Convex Surface." Sensors 21, no. 4 (February 18, 2021): 1408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041408.
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In this paper, we describe a long-range convex cavity-type passive ultra-high-frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) tag to use on various metal and non-metal surfaces, for IoT sensor energy harvesting. The tag antenna is built on the 3D printed cavity structure with polylactic acid (PLA) plastic and painted with the conductive ink on the 1 mm protruding area (convex) of inner surface and the side-walls of the cavity structure to form a cavity structure. The tag is designed to operate in the UHF band (840–960 MHz). This long-range cavity tag antenna (CTA) works at both 920 MHz and 915 MHz UHF RFID frequencies. It provides a linear polarized (LP) frontal reading range of 35 m and side reading range above 15 m when mounted on either metal or non-metal objects. We describe the antenna characteristics, structure, modeling, simulation, and experimental results. A mathematical reading range also was calculated and compared with experimental data.
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Khormi, Yahya H., Ronette Goodluck Tyndall, and Mandeep Tamber. "Malignant clinical course of mycotic intracranial aneurysms in children: A review." Surgical Neurology International 11 (April 18, 2020): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/sni_560_2019.
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Background: Mycotic aneurysms are a rare in the pediatric population. The natural history of these lesions and their appropriate management strategies is controversial. Case Description: A 13-year-old male presented with the sudden onset of a headache, vomiting, and fever. Inflammatory markers were elevated, and the blood culture was positive for Streptococcus viridans. When the computed tomography angiography (CTA) showed a ruptured mycotic aneurysm accompanied by multiple small unruptured aneurysms, he was started on antibiotics and underwent an urgent craniotomy. Despite negative blood cultures, the follow-up CTA showed further enlargement of the previously diagnosed aneurysms and a new right frontal aneurysm. The second and third craniotomies were, respectively, performed to resect the additional aneurysms. Pathologically, both aneurysmal walls were markedly inflamed and attenuated, suggesting the imminent risk of aneurysmal rupture. Following the total of three craniotomies, the patient had an uneventful postoperative course. Within 2 weeks, he regained baseline neurological function. Conclusion: Mycotic aneurysms in children may follow a very malignant course. Aneurysms may grow, new ones may form, and repeated CTAs are required to direct further follow-up treatment.
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Jagtap, Sunil V., Atul Hulwan, and Snigdha Vartak. "Co-Infection of Mucormycosis and Actinomycosis in COVID-19 Infection." International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 11, no. 8 (August 26, 2021): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20210818.
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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 infection may be associated with a wide range of bacterial and fungal co-infections. Herewith a case of 46 year-old male patient of post COVID-19 developed co-infection. He had received steroid treatment and improved in last month. He is known case of diabetes type II since last one year and was on treatment. Now presented to our hospital having fever, facial pain, and swelling mid-face region. His RT-PCR test was positive. The CT scan of the nasal septum, medial walls of bilateral maxillary, ethmoid, sphenoid and frontal sinuses exteding into bilateral nasal cavities. Features suggestive of infective pathology invasive fungal rhinosinusitis On clinical, radio imaging and on histopathological findings diagnosed as maxillary mucormycosis with actinomycosis. Conclusion: We are presenting this rare case of COVID-19 associated with co-infection of mucormycosis and actinomycosis for its clinical, radio imaging, and on histopathological findings. Key words: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), Mucormycosis, Actinomycosis, Co-infections.
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McCartan, Deirdre, David Williams, Barry Moynihan, and Karl Boyle. "204 Clinicoradiological Diagnosis of Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy-Related Inflammation (CAA-ri) - a Non-Invasive Approach to Diagnosis and Management." Age and Ageing 48, Supplement_3 (September 2019): iii17—iii65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afz103.122.
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Abstract Background Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy (CAA) is an age-related disorder characterised by deposition of beta-amyloid protein in the walls of small and medium cortical vessels leading to increased risk of intracranial bleeding. CAA-Related Inflammation (CAA-ri) is an under recognised subtype of CAA potentially responsive to immunosuppression and traditionally diagnosed by invasive brain biopsy. CAA-ri is associated with rapid cognitive decline but shows reversibility for some when treated with immunosuppression. We present the case of an 82 year old lady who presented with first seizure, a history of notable cognitive change and neuroimaging consistent with probable CAA-ri. Methods Validated clinicoradiological diagnostic criteria for CAA-ri were applied to MRI T2 FLAIR and SWI sequences. CSF, APOE genotyping, EEG and cognitive testing were performed. Interdisciplinary perspectives were sought from Neurology, Neurosurgery and Infectious Diseases colleagues. Consensus opinion opposed brain biopsy on strength of imaging evidence and pulsed intravenous steroid treatment was initiated. BP, anti-convulsant and bone protection were optimised and anti-thrombotics avoided. Repeat imaging and cognitive testing were repeated after four months. Results MRI T2-FLAIR revealed an asymmetric multifocal distribution of cortical and subcortical white matter hyperintensities (WMH) with leptomeningeal enhancement while SWI showed extensive multifocal microhaemorrhages with confluent haemorrhage in the right frontal and temporal regions. EEG demonstrated right frontal theta slowing and absence of epileptiform activity. CSF analysis reported raised protein at 53mg/dl. Normal WCC. Formal cognitive testing with ACEIII revealed a score of 79/100. EPOA was advised. Conclusion Clinicoradiological diagnosis of CAA-ri permits early initiation of immunosuppressive therapy and avoids invasive brain biopsy. In the absence of clinical suspicion and blood sensitive imaging sequences CAA-ri may be misdiagnosed as Acute Ischaemic Stroke or TIA where the addition of anti-thrombotic therapy could cause harm while early medical management offers potential reversibility.
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Neiman, Paul J., F. Martin Ralph, Allen B. White, David D. Parrish, John S. Holloway, and Diana L. Bartels. "A Multiwinter Analysis of Channeled Flow through a Prominent Gap along the Northern California Coast during CALJET and PACJET." Monthly Weather Review 134, no. 7 (July 1, 2006): 1815–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr3148.1.
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Abstract Experimental observations from coastal and island wind profilers, aircraft, and other sensors deployed during the California Land-falling Jets Experiment of 1997/98 and the Pacific Land-falling Jets Experiment of 2000/01–2003/04 were combined with observations from operational networks to document the regular occurrence and characteristic structure of shallow (∼400–500 m deep), cold airstreams flowing westward through California’s Petaluma Gap from the Central Valley to the coast during the winter months. The Petaluma Gap, which is the only major air shed outlet from the Central Valley, is ∼35–50 km wide and has walls extending, at most, a modest 600–900 m above the valley floor. Based on this geometry, together with winter meteorological conditions typical of the region (e.g., cold air pooled in the Central Valley and approaching extratropical cyclones), this gap is predisposed to generating westward-directed ageostrophic flows driven by along-gap pressure differences. Two case studies and a five-winter composite analysis of 62 gap-flow cases are presented here to show that flows through the Petaluma Gap significantly impact local distributions of wind, temperature, precipitation, and atmospheric pollutants. These gap flows preferentially occur in pre-cold-frontal conditions, largely because sea level pressure decreases westward along the gap in a stably stratified atmosphere in advance of approaching cold-frontal pressure troughs. Airstreams exiting the Petaluma Gap are only several hundred meters deep and characterized by relatively cold, easterly flow capped by a layer of enhanced static stability and directional vertical wind shear. Airborne air-chemistry observations collected offshore by the NOAA P-3 aircraft illustrate the fact that gap-flow events can transport pollutants from inland to the coast, and that they can contribute to coastally blocked airstreams. The strongest gap-flow cases occur when comparatively deep midtropospheric troughs approach the coast, while the weak cases are tied to anticyclonic conditions aloft. Low-level cold-frontal pressure troughs approaching the coast are stronger and possess a greater along-gap pressure gradient for the strong gap-flow cases. These synoptic characteristics are dynamically consistent with coastal wind profiler observations of stronger low-level gap flow and winds aloft, and greater rainfall, during the strong gap-flow events. However, gap flow, on average, inhibits rainfall at the coast.
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Turaeva, Yorkinoy, Bakhtiyor Urinboev, and Nurillo Sobirov. "Damage To Eyes, Orbit And Visual Nerve , Combined With Cranial Injury In Emergency Medicine." American Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research 03, no. 03 (March 31, 2021): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajmspr/volume03issue03-12.
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The features of the clinical course, symptoms and the difficulty of diagnosing traumatic injuries of the eye, orbit and optic nerve are described. A total of 952 patients with concomitant craniocerebral injuries and injuries to the eye, orbit, optic nerve were studied in 2018. The possibilities of computer tomography in the diagnosis of traumatic injuries of the visual tract combined with traumatic brain injury and differential diagnosis of intracranial injuries of the visual tract before the hospital and hospital stages were studied. In the structure of craniocerebral trauma, craniofacial accounted for 187 (19.6%), of which 118 (6%) eye injuries, 20 (10.6%) orbit injuries, 4 (2.1%) optic nerve injuries, 19 (10 %) of patients were diagnosed with a fracture of the walls of the orbit. In 5 (2.6%) patients, an isolated fracture of the lower orbital wall was revealed. Total: 158 men (84.4%), 29 women (15.5%). The patients underwent examination, including examination by a multidisciplinary team (neurosurgeon, maxillofacial surgeon, ENT and ophthalmologist). Anamnesis was studied in all patients, a comprehensive ophthalmological examination was performed: visometry (with optimal correction), refractometry, biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy and neuro-ophthalmological examination. All patients underwent radiography of the orbits and skull in frontal and lateral projections, CT, MRI of the brain and orbits. To obtain additional information, 24 (12.8%) patients underwent a two-dimensional ultrasound examination - ultrasound - B SCAN of the eyeball, extraocular muscles and retrobulbar space. Timely topical diagnostics and qualified reconstructive surgeries performed in the early period of craniofacial trauma allows achieving regression of oculomotor disorders in 86.6%, prevents severe consequences and preserves the patient's vision.
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TAYLOR, PAUL D., ANDREA WAESCHENBACH, and WAYNE K. FLORENCE. "Phylogenetic position and systematics of the bryozoan Tennysonia: further evidence for convergence and plasticity in skeletal morphology among cyclostome bryozoans." Zootaxa 3010, no. 1 (August 31, 2011): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3010.1.5.
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Cyclostomes are an ancient order of marine bryozoans with a fossil record extending back over 450 million years into the Ordovician. The current taxonomy of both fossil and modern cyclostomes is based almost entirely on skeletal characters but newly available sequence data are beginning to reveal rampant convergence of some of them. An unusual combination of skeletal characters in the South African cyclostome Tennysonia stellata Busk, 1867 has made this genus difficult to classify. After revising the taxonomy of Tennysonia, we use almost complete small and large ribosomal subunits (ssrDNA and lsrDNA) to demonstrate its close phylogenetic affinity with the tubuliporine genus Idmidronea (family Tubuliporidae) with which it shares a similar colony form, despite the presence of skeletally open kenozooids between the autozooids, reminiscent of cerioporine cyclostomes such as Favosipora. The spaces between the transverse rows of autozooidal apertures, occupied by exterior autozooidal frontal walls in Idmidronea, are occupied by kenozooids in Tennysonia, thereby maintaining the spacing between lophophores necessary for efficient suspension feeding. Sympatric colonies of T. stellata with narrow and broad branches are identical or almost identical on the basis of ssrDNA and lsrDNA sequences, respectively, suggesting within-species ecophenotypic plasticity in this aspect of colony form.
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Daltin, Ângela L., Aline Oriani, and Vera L. Scatena. "Leaf and inflorescence axis anatomy of Brazilian species of Rapateoideae (Rapateaceae, Poales)." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 87, no. 1 (March 2015): 157–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201520140071.
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The anatomy of leaves and inflorescence axes of Spathanthus (2 spp.), Rapatea (2 spp.), Cephalostemon(1 sp.), and Duckea(1 sp.) (Rapateoideae, Rapateaceae) was studied to identify useful characters for taxonomy. The cross-section shape of inflorescence axis differentiates the genera, while the cross-section shape and structure of leaf midrib has a specific value. The following characteristics are exclusive of Spathanthus: silica cells randomly distributed in the leaf epidermis; plicate chlorenchyma in the leaf blade; presence of fiber bundles in the mesophyll and in the inflorescence axis parenchyma. Spathanthus is also distinguished by the number, type and distribution of vascular bundles in the inflorescence axis. The genus Rapatea is characterized by the presence of stomata and silica cells only on the abaxial epidermis of the leaves and chlorenchyma composed of arm cells in the leaf blade. Characteristics with diagnostic value for Cephalostemon riedelianusare: leaf epidermal cells with straight to slightly sinuous walls in frontal view, inflorescence axes presenting a defined cortex, fiber bundles facing the larger vascular bundles and a fistulous pith. The anatomical characteristics of the leaves and inflorescence axes thus proved to be of taxonomic value in generic and specific levels. They are also useful to differentiate Rapateoideae from other subfamilies of Rapateaceae.