Academic literature on the topic 'Fronte di pareto'

Dalla nascita della bioetica si è consolidata una situazione inedita, che emerge talvolta confusamente nel lemma “bioeconomia”, in cui i corpi umani sono iscritti tanto nella ricerca tecno-scientifica quanto nei processi del lavoro. Nella sperimentazione farmacologica su soggetti sani e nell’ambito delle tecnologie riproduttive, infatti, è sorta una nuova forma di manodopera definita ormai “lavoro clinico”. Emblematico è il caso della Fivet, il cui sviluppo ha reso possibile separare la figura della donna fornitrice di gameti da quella in cui avverrà la gestazione e il parto, dando così luogo a due differenti mercati – degli ovociti e della maternità surrogata – segnati da forme di discriminazione sociali e razziali. Eppure, in gioco non è solo la contrapposizione tra solidarietà (dono) e profitto (sfruttamento). Il “lavoro clinico”, infatti, deriva sul piano teorico dall’elaborazione di quegli economisti che hanno valorizzato la nozione di capitale umano cercando simultaneamente di «trasformare le più intime funzioni corporee in beni e servizi commerciali». Così, mentre da più parti si guarda alla nozione di capitale umano come alla soluzione dei problemi, non ci si accorge di come essa istituisca un’etica che riscrive interamente il modo di intendere il rapporto tra salute, malattia e disabilità nell’ottica dell’imprenditoria di sé. Il tentativo di questo contributo, allora, è di indagare in chiave bioetica la letteratura neoliberale sul capitale umano, per evitare che sia questa a tracciare i criteri bioetici dell’epoca biotecnica a venire. ---------- Since the birth of bioethics a new situation has been consolidated, it emerges sometimes confusedly in the lemma of “bioeconomy”, in which human bodies are registered as much in techno-scientific research as in labor processes. In fact, in pharmacological trials in healthy subjects and in the field of reproductive technology, a new kind of manpower has arisen, now defined as “clinical labor”. An emblematic case is IVF, its development has made it possible to separate the figure of the woman supplier of the gametes from that of the woman carrying out gestation and birth, thereby giving rise to two different markets – one for oocytes and the other for surrogacy – tainted by forms of social and racial discrimination. However, the contrast between solidarity (gift) and profit (exploitation) is not the only thing at stake. Clinical labor, in fact, derives in theoretical terms from the analyses of those economists who have enhanced the notion of human capital trying simultaneously to transform the most intimate bodily functions into “commercial goods and services”. So while from many quarters the notion of human capital is looked on as the solution to problems, there is inadvertence as to how it institutes an ethics that completely rewrites the way of conceiving the relationship between health, illness and disability within the perspective of the enterprising self. This paper, therefore, endeavours to investigate from a bioethical standpoint the neoliberal literature on human capital, in order to avert its tracing the bioethical criteria of the biotechnical age to come.

Questa tesi si pone l'obbiettivo di affrontare ed analizzare un problema di pathfinding partendo da un'analisi di alcuni algoritmi per la ricerca del percorso più breve su normali grafi, per poi ampliare lo studio e concentrarsi su algoritmi che calcolano molteplici percorsi su grafi che utilizzano due pesi per ogni arco. Gli algoritmi per i grafi `bicriteria' (appunto che considerano due pesi su ogni arco) verranno analizzati, implementati e le loro soluzioni confrontate con gli altri algoritmi, al fine di individuare i più efficienti in termini di tempo di elaborazione e quelli che riescono a minimizzare al meglio i pesi degli archi dei cammini trovati, quindi valutando quantità e qualità delle soluzioni. Dato che, lo studio di algoritmi per la ricerca del percorso più breve in grafi classici è piuttosto celebre in letteratura, è ormai facile trovare implementazioni che permettano di risolvere questo problema. Verrà effettuata quindi una rapida implementazione ed analisi riguardante gli algoritmi `monocriteria'. Per agli algoritmi che lavorano in grafi con più pesi, per i quali è più difficile reperire implementazioni ed analisi, ci sarà una spiegazione più approfondita ed accurata, soffermandosi anche su casi particolari e indicando le scelte implementative fatte per ottimizzare al meglio le loro prestazioni. L'analisi dei risultati confronterà, come già detto, l'insieme delle soluzioni calcolate dai vari algoritmi ed i loro tempi di elaborazione. Inoltre i suddetti algoritmi verranno utilizzati su mappe di alcune città, prese come esempio, per poter fare un confronto visivo sui cammini minimi trovati ed i nodi visitati durante l'elaborazione degli algoritmi; in modo da semplificare e rendere più immediato il confronto tra le varie implementazioni.

I Contributi italiani al XIII Congresso Internazionale degli Slavisti (Ljubljana, 15-21 agosto 2003) ebbero una circolazione molto limitata tra i partecipanti al congresso e la cerchia ristretta degli addetti ai lavori. Considerato l’alto valore scientifico dei singoli contributi, ai quali si continua a fare riferimento nella letteratura di ambito slavistico, si è deciso di pubblicare questi atti nella collana “Biblioteca di Studi Slavistici” anche per festeggiare i dieci anni della sua esistenza. Di fronte a una consolidata tradizione di studi in ambito filologico e letterario la slavistica italiana di inizio millennio si è trovata di fronte a nuove esigenze. Da una parte si è affermata una nuova generazione di linguisti, che hanno sviluppato una serie di ricerche innovative sulle lingue slave, soprattutto in ambito contrastivo. Dall’altra si sono sviluppate nuove piste di ricerca nella letteratura contemporanea, soprattutto in relazione alle più recenti circostanze storiche che hanno visto negli stessi paesi slavi profonde trasformazioni culturali con la necessità di ricostruire consolidati canoni letterari anche sulla base della letteratura dell’emigrazione. La stessa ricerca filologica ha saputo interrogarsi nuovamente sul proprio ruolo riprendendo in una forma diversa questioni tradizionali come la questione cirillo-metodiana, il problema delle citazioni bibliche o il dibattito sulla Slavia latina e la Slavia ortodossa, come pure le più tradizionali questioni di ecdotica manifestando una nuova sensibilità a cominciare dalle tematiche religiose. Alberto Alberti è ricercatore di Slavistica presso l’Università di Bologna.

Ripercorrere la collaborazione di Dessí alle riviste «L’Orto», «Primato» e «Cronache» dirette da Giorgio Vecchietti, tra racconti, saggi e recensioni in gran parte inediti, significa approfondire il percorso di formazione dello scrittore scavando nella laboratorio creativo dei suoi esordi. I 36 testi raccolti e commentati da Francesca Bartolini permettono di analizzare predilezioni tematiche e stilistiche poi sviluppate e approfondite nella produzione successiva. Al tempo stesso consentono di indagare il costituirsi, durante gli anni della dittatura fascista, di una coscienza intellettuale impegnata in un antifascismo di fronda tipico di molti scrittori di quella generazione. Intessendo il discorso critico con la lettura dell’epistolario si dà nota dei complessi rapporti che legarono Dessí alle tre redazioni, a testimonianza della passione di un giovane artista desideroso di seguire la propria inclinazione, ma anche cosciente della difficoltà di preservare la propria libertà e identità nelle limitazioni del regime.

The surviving plaster on the walls of this entranceway consisted of a high pink socle, delineated in red, with a white zone above. Ling observed that this overlay an earlier First-Style decoration on the east wall and that it had been patched in antiquity. Breaches are found in both the east and west walls. Outside the entrance, to either side, is a masonry bench (east bench: l.: 2.1 m, d.: 380 mm; west bench: l.: 2.4 m, d.: 460 mm), both much damaged. Finds within the entranceway consisted of bronze and iron studs, undoubtedly from the house door. Remains of plastered decoration survive on the south wall. Elia recorded a yellow dado, surmounted by a red band, with white plaster above. There is a breach in the north-west corner through to Unit no. 9, above a blocked doorway. At the centre of this front hall is a tufa impluvium (2.4 m × 2.1 m). In the north-west corner, 1 m above the pavement, were found: a small bronze ring; a bronze stud, similar to those in the entranceway and probably also from the front door; a fragment of a stone mortar or hand-mill; some glass beads; a small shell; and two bronze quadrantes, one of Nero dated ad 64. The fragmentary or loseable nature of these items suggests that they were disturbed from the ground level. Other small loseable items were found in the north-east corner: a small glass bottle, probably a toilet item; and possibly five more coins. One metre from the west side of the impluvium were found: another part of a hand-mill; two large stone weights; at least fifty-three lead weights, probably from a loom; and two other spherical stones, possibly also weights. The large number of lead weights is comparable with the quantity found under the stairway in room i of the Casa del Principe di Napoli. Another comparable group of forty loom weights was found together in a pit at Zugmantel. As Jongman noted, this amount would be equivalent to that required for one or perhaps two warp-weighted looms. It is therefore commensurate with the existence of such a loom, or looms, in this area, or of replacement loom weights, for domestic use.

The “Valdilocchi Battery” in La Spezia, digital survey and documentation of an architecture on the edge of an epochAll the fortifications have their time. They respond to specific way of defending and attacking they change in time accordingly to the terrible habits of the weaponry and technology evolution. For a long time, from the age of the great fortifications, to the use of cannons, to the invention of the aerial war, the military built heritage have seen a long transformation made of sudden architectural changes, until the moment when the possibility of bombing and attacking from the sky signed the sunset of the large over ground buildings in favour of mimetic and underground structures. The “Valdilocchi Battery” belong to the last age of the large fortress, capable to resist to ground attack while showing the aspect of an inexpugnable stronghold. Sited on the top of a hill in the eastern part of the La Spezia gulf, this battery had the function of second line defense to control the neighboring valleys. The particular pentagonal plant and the state of excellent preservation, except for a part of collapse on the front of the gorge due to the German bombing, make it an artifact of great value.

In recent years, pedestrians have been involved in many accidents. Statistics show that in Europe pedestrians are involved in 12% of the accidents and 20% of road users who lose their life in accidents are pedestrians. Authorities and automobile manufacturers are interested to reduce the physical damages of these users. The EU requires a very accurate design of new car front-end, because this is the first part involved in the car-to-pedestrian impact. Some EU organisations as EEVC (European Enhanced Vehicle-Safety Committee- Working Group 17) and ACEA (Association des Constructeurs Europeens d’Automobiles) have decided the directives on the design of the new car front-end. These documents settle on the experimental methods and the biomechanical parameters that have to be considered combining the front-end aggressiveness with the crash test dummies damages. Moreover, many car and system manufacturers are studying new pedestrian protection systems as the active hood that raises instantly when a pedestrian is hit: a sensor system placed in the vehicle’s front bumper sends a signal a two steel pistons below which lift the rear part of the hood making the pedestrian’s head hit a deformable and flexible surface instead of a hard and rigid one. These systems will help car manufacturers to meet the new EU test requirements that the European car manufacturers accepted in 2001 and that will become effective in July 2005. This paper describes an activity on car-to-pedestrian impact carried on by the Universita` degli Studi di Firenze in co-operation with Centro Ricerche FIAT. This activity concerns the study of legform FEM model for LS-Dyna software and the numeric simulation of a sensor system placed in the vehicle’s front bumper. The sensors are piezoelectric stripes stuck on the bumper according to opportune geometries. These sensors were characterised through experimental analysis changing deflection and impact speed; the relationship between the numeric parameters and the electric signal was determined working on easy tests. It was subsequently simulated the impact between the bumper and a legform FEM model developed by Universita` degli Studi di Firenze working on LS-Dyna software. The legform model respect the structural characteristics required by EEVC WG17 report. The legform model was validated by experimental analysis carried on at Centro Sicurezza FIAT AUTO. Thanks to simulations it has been possible to optimise the position of the sensors on the bumper and also to judge the minimum number of sensors, which can distinguish between the different impacts.

The Italian military architecture of Ancona’s Citadel: construction techniques and defensive systems in the sixteenth centuryThe objective of this research is regarding the construction techniques used in the military architecture of Cittadella-Fortezza (Ancona, Marche, Italy). In this case, attention will focus primarily on historical, bibliographic and archive research, then through a comprehensive analysis of building methods used in the sixteenth century and on the strategic function that this fortification covered in the coastal strip of the Middle Adriatic. Together with Rocca Paolina (Perugia) and Fortezza da Basso (Florence), it has in fact a remarkable importance in the military architecture’s history, as it was one of the first experiments of fronte bastionato all’italiana. Built from 1532 by Antonio da Sangallo il Giovane, it rises on the top of Astagno hill in a panoramic and defensive position, overlooking the city and the port. It clearly distinguishes itself from the surrounding building fabric as it is characterized by five mighty bastions in bricks and by the central bulwark with the vaulted ground floor. The study aims to investigate the structural details of Ancona’s fortress such as the modeling of walls, the suppression of protruding volumes, the extension and rounding of the corner towers and the introduction of the central type plan. A great understanding of this research will be analyzed in the drawings and the volumes’ reliefs, which highlighted the general geometric data, the materials used for the realization of the work, the angle of the curtain walls and the technical/constructive strategies. Therefore, the methodical-metric knowledge of the parts will be made more accessible also in relation to the three-dimensional modeling of the fortress, in addition to the critical comparison based on other historical examples of military architecture in the Renaissance period.

Towards the contemporary city. Reading method of post-unification restructuring of Trastevere in Rome Giancarlo Salamone Dipartimento di Architettura e Progetto. Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”. Roma. via Flaminia, 359. 00196 Roma. Dottorato di Ricerca in Architettura e Costruzione. Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”. Roma. via Antonio Gramsci, 53. 00197 Roma. E-mail: giancarlo.salamone@uniroma1.it Keywords (3-5): Restructuring, Rome, Trastevere, process, reading method, tools, analysis in urban morphology Conference topics and scale: Tools of analysis in urban morphology Trastevere, the only area of the historic center of Rome (together with the Vatican / Borgo complex) located on the right side of the Tiber river, shows a morphological structure that depends on the pre-existing substrate, both road that typological, which was modified during the post-unity period by the establishment of the Tiber fronts and, above all, by the opening of Viale Trastevere. In the way of thinking about urban morphology as a scalar product of the factors that influence each other, in particular building typology, local structure, overall structure and territory, and that contribute together to generate an organism, it is therefore possible to read this part of the historical center as the last product, but not definitive, of a "process". The reading method on the consolidated structure, later renovated in a post-unification era, is based on the analysis of the most abundant building typology and on the permanence and derivations of local typological processes that led to the formulation of the “line house” in nineteenth-century line, the predominant building type of roman expansion in nineteenth-twentieth century. The reading of the restructuring, understood as synchronic action on the historical center, has been implemented instead by the analysis of synchronic variations at “line house” through the research of all projects registered for the edification of each block. Thus we can see how the blocks resulting from the transformation, in the logic of a restructuring "contromaglia" like the one for the opening of Viale Trastevere, will be the result of the disconnection of the existing blocks in which the building type adopted has had to adapt to a lower return situations: a reading of a synchronic action on a diachronic process that gives us the modern morphological apparatus. References Muratori, S., Bollati, R., Bollati, S. and Marinucci, G. (1963) Studi per una operante storia urbana di Roma (Consiglio Nazionale delle ricerche, Roma). Maffei, G. L. and Caniggia, G. (1979) Lettura dell’edilizia di base (Marsilio, Venezia). Maffei, G. L. and Caniggia, G. (1984) Progetto nell’edilizia di base (Marsilio, Venezia). Vaccaro, P. and Ameri, M. (1984) Progetto e realtà nell’edilizia romana dal XVI al XIX secolo (Edizioni Calosci, Cortona). Corsini, M. G. (2001) Il tessuto e l’edilizia progettati in Italia dal 1870 al 1930. Permanenza e derivazioni dei processi tipologici locali (Edizioni Kappa, Roma). Archivio Storico Capitolino, archival sources on restructuring area of Trastevere and permanence and derivations of local typological processes.

Abstract Model testing of offshore structures has been standard practice over the years and is often recommended in guidelines and required in certification rules. The standard objectives for model testing are final concept verification, where it is recommended to model the system as closely as possible, and numerical code calibration. Model testing of floating offshore wind turbines is complex due to the response depending on the aero-hydro-servo-elastic system, but also due to difficulties to perform model tests in a hydrodynamic facility with correctly scaled hydrodynamic, aerodynamic and inertial loads. The main limitations are due to the Froude-Reynolds scaling incompatibility, and the wind generation. An approach to solve these issues is by use of hybrid testing where the system is divided in a numerical and a physical substructure, interacting in real-time with each other. Depending on the objectives of the model tests, parts of a physical model of a FOWT can then be placed in a wind tunnel or an ocean basin, where the rest of the system is simulated. In the EU H2020 LIFES50+ project, hybrid model tests were performed in the wind tunnel at Politecnico di Milano, as well as in the ocean basin at SINTEF Ocean. The model tests in the wind tunnel were performed with a physical wind turbine positioned on top of a 6DOF position-controlled actuator, while the hydrodynamic loads and the motions of the support structure were simulated in real-time. For the tests in the ocean basin, a physical floater with tower subject to waves and current was used, while the simulated rotor loads were applied on the model by use of a force actuation system. The tests in both facilities are compared and recommendations on how to combine testing methodologies in an optimal way are discussed.