Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Frontières – Aspect économique – Afrique'
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Ndong, Beka II Poliny. "Les activités transfrontalières illicites entre le Gabon, le Cameroun et la Guinée-Equatoriale. Logiques spatiales, acteurs et enjeux." Thesis, Reims, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REIML013.
Full textIllegal border activity between Gabon, Cameroon and Equatorial Guinea are the main topic of this thesis. These activities are defined as all activities contrary to various national and international legislation which authors and impacts across borders of several states. This thesis is a questioning of circumvention practices and lawlessness through an analysis on the illegal flow of people and goods. new practice at the border triangle Gabon/Cameroon/Equatorial Guinea, illicit cross-border activities are the work of a border population composed of three distinct stakeholders (local population, border guards and ground transportation) in common which is to be linked to the frontier by their place of residence and/or origin and by their professional activity. My analysis shows that the practice of illegal border activity follows two logics : economic survival (for the case of the local population) and social advancement (in the case of state agents and land carriers). Given this logic, the main hypothesis of this thesis is that the boundary - beyond being an interstate limit and because it induces differential - is a speculation tool to draw pecuniary profits. Therefore, the objective of this thesis is to show that the transgression of the border allows the border population to obtain financial resources to be facing economic insecurity or otherwise socially establish its reputation
Marazyan, Karine. "Effets du confiage sur les enfants hôtes en Afrique subsaharienne." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0049.
Full textThis PhD dissertation studies the effect of child fostering, which consists for parents of sending one of their children to another home, on host children's welfare in Cameroon and Senegal. The main channel through which an effect is expected is the variation of the amount of resources host parents invest in their own children. Such a variation depends crucially on the extent to which the costs linked to the caring of the foster ¬child are compensated. Therefore, to answer the question raised, we adopt an empirical approach. The latter is however challenged by one major issue: the potential selection of the host household. As a consequence, to estimate the effect of interest we implement two strategies: the instrumentation of the presence of a foster child in a household and the comparison within the same host household of different groups of biological children. We show that in Cameroon, host children are not affected in terms of their school enrolment by the presence of school-age girls fostered in by obligations. In Senegal, children do not seem either to be affected in terms of their probability to have ever been enrolled in a formai school by the presence of non-biological children. But it seems that girls are more likely to be currently enrolled in school if they grow up with a particular group of non-biological children: foster-children who are explicitly recognized as so and who are hosted potentially because of the reciprocity requirement of a past fostering exchange. As a conclusion, it seems that households are able to develop strategies ex-post or ex-ante to absorb the shock linked to the arrival of a foster-child
Rapoport, Hillel. "Développement et pouvoir en Afrique noire : éléments pour une analyse économique du clientélisme." Paris 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA020069.
Full textDjiofack, Zebaze Calvin. "Effect of services trade liberalization in Africa." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CLF10005.
Full textTonato, Airy Lucius. "Evaluation économique de la production des bio-carburants en Afrique de l'ouest." Paris 9, 1991. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1991PA090039.
Full textThe 1970's oil crisis, the fall of the price of commodities, the important fluctuations of the dollar and the growth of demography are deeply modified the economic, political and social organization of western African countries the creation of new agricultural activities (energy cropping) is one of solutions which can promote : - the resuscitation of rural areas by preventing population movement : - the mutations of cropping techniques and the improvement of yields, - the protection of environment, - the reduction of the energy cost of the states the economic evaluation of different bioenergy’s by the "méthodes des effets" has permitted the establishment of conditions in which alcohols could replace gasoline and ester diesel-oil in Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire and Niger
Dille, Bibata. "Frontières et développement régional : impacts économique et social de la frontière Niger-Nigéria sur le développement de la région de Konni." Lyon 2, 2000. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2000/dille_b.
Full textThe development is no longer a purely quantitative concept. More social aspects are now taken into account and more importance is given to the regional dimension of the entities under observation. The socio-economic characteristics as well as the socio-cultural conditions of regions and their historical and geographical context play a very important role in the developing processes. .
Gado, Babatundé Mohamed Sanny. "Education, distribution des revenus et dynamique économique : le cas des pays de la zone CFA." Dijon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DIJOE009.
Full textSida, Jean-Charles. "Les entrepreneurs en Afrique subsaharienne : contexte d'émergence d'un groupe moteur, élément de dynamique du développement." Paris 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA020237.
Full textBom-Kondé, Paul-Charles. "Etude des trajectoires d'activites agroalimentaires du sud et de l'ouest du cameroun : une approche evolutionniste du territoire." Lyon 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO22009.
Full textThis thesis examines trajectories of food innovation potentiality of cameroon. An evolutionary approach, connecting anthropologic and economic approaches to the innovative sphere, has been used to take account creation selection processes developed in non-commercial and commercial territories. The empirical study is limited to maize and cassava products (south and west). This exploratory study has an operational objective. Decentralisation of territorial development is suggested as field policy to be followed. On the one hand, the necessity to build - private and public research institutions in a more pragmatic manner based on local competences ; on the other, help to lower coordination costs related to local food activities (research, competence building, investments, access to local and external markets) are adressed to policy makers. According to the macro-territorial evolutions of innovations ; to the main selection factors and mechanisms as regards the activities that can be listed in the food sector, actors have the opportunity of planning and widening their strategies
Bernard, Jean-Marc. "La fonction de production éducative revisitée dans le cadre de l’Education pour tous en Afrique subsaharienne : des limites théoriques et méthodologiques aux apports à la politique éducative." Dijon, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00223023.
Full textWith the Education Production Function, economists have greatly contributed to the extension of this research field. Methodological issues have particularly rallied researchers' interests on empirical estimations, while academic researches on the renewal of the theoretical framework have remained scarce despite obvious bounds. The challenges of Education For All in Africa stress out the need of a massive recruitment of teachers till 2015 which raises tricky issues as financial sustainability and the profile of these new teachers. According to the analyses, status and other teachers' characteristics have limited effect on pupils' learning achievement. At the opposite, disparities between classes and schools explain a large part of the differences noted in learning achievements between pupils. The literature supposes that it is due to the teacher effect which raises certain reserves. However, they show that disparities between classes and schools are at the heart of the issue related to the quality of learning in numerous African countries. It underlines the crucial importance to paid to the disparities between schools in current management
Hotte, Rozenn. "Mariage et bien-être de l'épouse en Afrique de l'Ouest." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEH001.
Full textIn West Africa, marriage is a major social institution. In Senegal, for example, in 2006, nearly 90% of women over 25 years of age were once married. It represents also a major disruption the daily life, especially for the bride, who in most cases leaves the household in which she grew up. Another important feature of marriage in West Africa is that it involves a large set of actors: not only the couple but also their parents and extended family. The ceremony is also characterized by important financial exchanges, between different people: the bride's, groom's and neighbours' families. These stylized facts can be examined in terms of their relationship to women's well-being within their households. The objective of this thesis is to add to the study of the subject.In the first chapter, we consider whether parents have incentives to marry their children to a member of the kin group in order to better insure against adverse idiosyncratic income shocks.Exploiting original panel data from a household survey collected in Senegal in 2006/2007 and 2011/2012, we find that daughters' within-kin-group marriage helps their parents' household to better smooth food consumption when a parent has fallen ill.This better smoothing is notably driven by the fact that households having married a daughter within the kin group receive relatively more transfers. Our results indicate that parents' demand for insurance can explain part of their demand for marrying within the kin group their daughter. They extend the literature on inter-linkages between marriage decisions and demand for insurance. The second chapter examines the impact of an education policy on women's well-being in Benin. Taking advantage of a sharp increase in school constructions in the 1990s in this country, we assess the causal impact of a primary education program on primary school attendance, age at marriage and tolerance of intimate partner violence. Using a double difference method, along with a regression kink design, we find that the program increased the probability to attend primary school in rural areas. The policy also decreased the probability to find wife beating tolerable. We show that, in this context, the benefits of girls' education have percolated down to women's well-being beyond the initial goal of the policy. In the third chapter, we investigate the relationship between the bride price and the well-being of the wife in her household. We take into account, the simultaneous existence of other marriage payments, flowing in different directions between the stakeholder, that is largely ignored. To assess the impacts of these marital transferson the women's well-being in Senegal, we use a unique survey that enquires separately about the different marriage payments. We highlight the strength of the link between what is given to the bride herself and her welfare, contrary to the looseness of the link with what is given to the family
Terrassier, Nicolas. "Stratégie de maritimisation des économies : illustration par l'analyse comparée du développement du transport maritime de lignes régulières en Asie et en Afrique." Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010080.
Full textRegular shipping lines transport is the corner stone of the industrial development policies of nations. The new asian maritime nations have weel understood the stakes in this sector for the industrial "take-off' of their economy. Through a comprehensive understanding of the principles of this industry, perceptive asian shipowners have defined shipping policies fitted to the constraints and advantages of their economy and choosen appropriate strategies for the development of shipping companies. Some asian states have been able to implement a "maritime-integration" policy of their whole economy. These countries first favored the promotion of exports and the control of freight by shippers, then opened their economy to the sea through policies of port and coastal industrialization. Finally they adopted consistent industrial policies at macroeconomic level to develop the shipping companies and the related industries such as ports, multimodal transport and shipyards. This macro-economic policy is based on a gradual approach, never dogmatic, but carefully worked out by shipowners who have a perfect knowledge of maritime transport. Conversely, african countries, which were emerging as shipping nations during the 70s, have witnessed the downfall of their shipping companies. In addition to the lack of advantages at the regional and industrial levels, the decline of shipping fleets has been accelerated by irrational and inconsistent decisions, taken without any analysis of the economic environment, and without abiding by the laws and principles of functioning of maritime transport
Gakusi, Albert-Enéas. "Population et relations économiques internationales : déterminants et effets structurels de l'ouverture économique des pays de l'Afrique subsaharienne." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995IEPP0030.
Full textMost of the demo-economic studies are made on the national level. This study introduces the international economic relations in the debate. Beyond the partisanship for free trade or economic nationalism, an attempt is made to quantify the determinants and effects of the economic openess of the Sub-Saharan countries
Faure, Virginie. "Le marché des antibiotiques en Afrique noire francophone : les produits Rhône-Poulenc santé et leurs concurrents." Bordeaux 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR2P009.
Full textEdoumba-Bokandzo, Pierre. "Le passage des monnaies traditionnelles à la monnaie moderne : ingérences et adaptations, cas du Congo." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MNHN0005.
Full textDagou, Paboung. "Les milieux ruraux en Afrique au sud du Sahara : le cas du pays mundan au Tchad." Montpellier 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MON30001.
Full textBerre, David. "Les nouveaux enjeux économiques et environnementaux des productions animales : développements méthodologiques par une approche interdisciplinaire des frontières d’efficience." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL12016/document.
Full textThe challenge of feeding 9.6 billion people in 2050 requires to identify sustainable livestock production systems that are able to produce more agricultural products while consuming less resources and producing less externalities. As part of a multidisciplinary research program (ANR-EPAD), we explored microeconomic tools for productivity analysis such as efficient frontiers to shed a new light on sustainable development of livestock production. Our models empirically showed that the progress margins can significantly differ depending on the objectives pursued in the context of eco-inefficiency reduction (input and pollution reduction, output augmentation). Exploration of "dual" models also showed that efficient frontier methods were relevant to provide an economic valuation of non-monetary negative externalities. For instance, our results on the economic value of carbon emissions were close to the observed carbon tax levels. The possibility for farmers to consider that nitrogen surpluses can generate some revenue illustrates the current debate on the integration of undesirable outputs in the Data Envelopment analysis (DEA), and the ambivalence of this indicator of environmental impact as well (either considered as a source of pollution to the air or soil as well as a source of income through organic fertilization). We developed an innovative approach to assess the determinants of eco-efficiency in livestock production. By combining GAMEDE (a "whole-farm" model) with a DEA methodology, we highlighted the potential for further questioning raised by the exploration of new types of modelling in agronomy (such as "simulation-based optimization" or "inverse modelling")
N'Simba, Ludovic. "L'envie et la frustration sociale, des obstacles au développement économique de l'Afrique ? : Approches théoriques et analytiques." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR28667.
Full textDieng, Cheikh Ahmed Tidiane. "Concurrence, innovation et règlementation dans l'industrie des télécommunications en Afrique." Nice, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NICE0016.
Full textAfrica, for its many obstacles, is on race for sustainable development in the telecommunications sector. It constitutes a wide "empty" and "unexplored" market, hence many delays in this area. It is conventional to say that there are many telephones in Tokyo or Manhattan than there are in sub-Saharan Africa. The objective of this thesis is to analyze the telecommunications sector in Africa as a whole, thus determining the dismantling of natural monopolies in this sector and it consequences in the African economy. Our job is to first study the African economy in general in order to understand the causes and consequences of the opening of telecommunications markets and recorded investments in this sector. We will also measure the "numerical fracture" observed between the North and South and even between African countries and try to find solutions to fight against this fracture. We will then analyze the regulation in the lecommunications sector. The regulation has two related aspects: on one hand, the gradual opening of the telecommunications sector till competition, and on the other hand, the redefinition of the regulatory process, taking into account the opening. Its precise shape and degree of advancement depends on specific sectors and countries. In the case of the telecommunications industry, regulation has undergone significant changes with the arrival of new technologies and a deeper theoretical reflection. The contribution of our work is to bring recommendations to the development of telecommunications in
Goncalves, Olga. "Benchmarking et performances des destinations : Approche par les frontières d'efficience et application aux stations de sports d'hiver." Perpignan, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PERP1133.
Full textTourism is one of the first economic activities in the world but this sector faces an intense competition and ski resorts destinations are particularly affected (attendance decrease, climate change, etc. ). In this context, French ski resorts destinations’ performance is questioned and the need to adopt appropriate strategies constitutes an important challenge for tourism decision-makers. In order to maintain their competitive advantage, destination’ managers need to drive optimal strategic and managerial choices. The need to adopt new criteria to evaluate ski resorts’ performance becomes an important issue. One of the challenges of this doctoral thesis is to promote the use of benchmarking quantitative methods (as the non-parametric efficient frontier methods) to address various issues in the field of Management Sciences. Beyond the performance measurement of decision making units, it is also important to explain these performances to highlight problems about organizational quality and strategic choices. The aim of this thesis is also to provide guidelines for both mountain professional decision-makers and policy makers (at the local or national level) to ensure the development and the attractiveness of ski resorts destination
Soh, Fogno Denis Roger. "Développement et protection de l'environnement en Afrique centrale." Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT4010.
Full textThe independence did not only permit poor Central Africa countries to engage themselves with their developmental problems, but also placed them in a situation of making heroic efforts to be developed like first world countries to the detriment of their environment, or to anticipate the future by taking into consideration the protection of nature in their developmental policies and techniques. The choice to be developed by all means seemed to have been adopted by all the states. Serious obstacles led to the need for these countries to constitute themselves in sub-regions. The endeavour for regional grouping gave rise to mitigated and even deceitful results. At the institutional as well as international co-operation domains, the aspirations of the members had been weakened due to the neo-colonialism and the lack of seriousness of some actors and institutions. Development, which was preached by all, became a simple assumption. A serious step forward was realised in 72, and re-enforced in 92, which could be considered as the peak of the re-orientation. Having been resistant for a very long-time, Central Africe States have seen the need to rescue nature, which had for long been disregarded, opset and even sacrificed for the sake of development. Henceforth, for disability to be achieved, attempts should be made to reconcile environment and development, to obtain "sustainable" development. To achieve this, obstacles new and old must be overcome. Energies should be put in proper use and all actors should be implicated. The conception and achievement of durable development fashioned for Africa can only be realised by making use of "African genius"
Andrianarison, Francis. "Trois essais sur les institutions et le développement." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28818/28818.pdf.
Full textLe, Lann Yann. "Les frontières comptables du social : la protection sociale et le salaire dans la comptabilité nationale (1944-2010)." Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100100.
Full textThe accounting standards of social protection have been confronted to a reform that deeply changes the economical meaning of social benefits. On the one hand, the ©NU’s standards of national accounting recognize pension as the patrimonial element of labor remuneration, on the other hand, Eurostat’s social protection accounts tend to integrate individual insurance inside the social sphere. Those evolutions, in their own way, put into crisis the definition of social protection based on the distinction of wage and social benefits. Built during the Keynesian hegemony on national accounting standards, this representation of social protection as an institution designed for income redistribution has been supplanted by a reinterpretation of social flux in the direction of commodification. In this context the separation of social benefits and wage has become more and more unclear. In order to understand the meaning of this contemporary reform of statistics, l aim in this PHD to bring out the crossover history of wage and social benefits standards. My research is based on archives of the institution which was responsible for the publication of national accounting since l944, on the analysis of handbooks of accounting standards and on scientific publications concerning social protection standards. Starting from the evolution of national and social accounts, I try to understand the rise, the management and the crisis of accounting boundaries between economic and social flux
Marez, Thierry de. "Stratégies de lancement d'une gamme de médicaments OTC en Afrique noire francophone pour un laboratoire pharmaceutique." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05P013.
Full textBennafla, Karine. "La restructuration des espaces frontaliers en afrique centrale." Strasbourg 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000STR1GE01.
Full textSelod, Harris. "Structure des villes et ghettos urbains : le cas des Etats-Unis et de l'Afrique du Sud." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010031.
Full textNdjambou, Léandre Edgard. "Le transport maritime dans le cadre de la relation entre la France et les pays membres de la Conférence ministérielle des Etats de l'Afrique de l'Ouest et du Centre (CMEAOC/TM)." Bordeaux 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR30057.
Full textFrench maritime and commercial relation with its former west- african colonies is ruled by co-operation agreements concluded in the days follwing the independences. Yet, with the creation of the united nations conference on commerce and development in 1964, international talks were entered into with a view to set up a + good conduct code for the conferences ; (1974). Consequently, the advancement of the european integration brougth the eec countries to define the guiding principles of their seaspace managament through a series of rules published in 1986. Since 1994, a world trade organisation has finally been created. Our research work is aimed at taking stock of the evolution of the french martime and commercial relations with its oac partners inside the great flow of international trade liberalization begun with the setting-up of the gatt
Ningada, Bobelem Gokoyo. "La demande de santé et ses déterminants en Afrique centrale." Lyon 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO33004.
Full textSouley, Halimatou. "Déréglementation du transport routier de marchandises au Niger et intégration sous-regionale." Paris 12, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA123007.
Full textCarré, Hélène. "Les processus d'innovation technologique face à la logique de rente : analyse d'une accumulation entravée. Le cas de l'économie sénégalaise." Lille 1, 2001. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2001/50374-2001-9.pdf.
Full textChouaïbou, Mfenjou Modeste. "L' Afrique à l'épreuve du développement durable : la conciliation du progrès économique, de la protection de l'environnement et du développement humain." Reims, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REIMD008.
Full textThe unforeseeable consequences of pollution (reheating of the glaciers, flood, crumbling of the layer of ozone, rise in the level of the oceans) due to the growth of the discharge of gases, of the deforestationsupported the emergence of the concept of the sustainable development. Behind this setting in danger of planet, economic progress must not only seek the satisfaction of the needs present, but integrate the concerns of the future generations. The safeguard of this solidarity over generations requires a common action ; if not the efforts of the ones (protectors) will be cancelled by the laxity of the others (pollutants). Already weakened by poverty, the conflicts, the famine, the desertification, Africa is not requested than the other areas of the world. Accounting for 2% of the world trade, Africa under structural adjustment adopted liberalism and its States complete the process of privatisation of the public companies. But, that it is of the space representation, land management, agriculture, justice, education or the governance, the African Culture reconciles with difficulty its traditions with modernity. If creation, the promotion and natural and human stock management are hardly satisfactory in Africa, it is because the process of the development is put at evil by exogenous and endogenous obstacles. On the other hand, the inventiveness of the populations, only pledge of their survival, awaits an international support for the measurement of the challenge of the African rebirth in development. But, the Occident does not seize enough that in a world without border, solidarity is the well shared interest for, if Africa continues to endure such lamentable deprivations, it will hardly be in safety in its opulence
Eury, Xavier. "La crise de l'enseignement supérieur en Afrique subsaharienne francophone : analyse économique de ses causes et voies possibles de redressement." Dijon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DIJOE002.
Full textGuichaoua, André. "Destins paysans et politiques agraires en Afrique centrale." Paris 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA010686.
Full textBadinga, Arcadius. "Capital humain et commerce international en Afrique subsaharienne." Montpellier 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON10065.
Full textYamamoto, Yumiko. "L'aide internationale, au-delà des questions techniques : les politiques d’aide au développement, à destination de l’Afrique de l’Ouest, de trois pays asiatiques : Chine, Inde, Japon (1997-2010)." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012IEPP0008.
Full textAt the crossroads of research on development conditions, development aid and comparative policies, this dissertation explores the comparative dimension of development aid policies towards West Africa taking the case of China, India and Japan between 1997 and 2010. Indeed, although these three countries belong to the same geographical zone, they are very different as regards to economic resources, political situation, national concerns and historical context. Based on the forty-eight reports of ministries and governmental agencies of China, India and Japan, almost eight hundred literatures, 73 interviews with researchers, experts in administrations and industries in five countries, the dissertation analyzes the observable differences in development aid policies carried out by these countries. The research seeks to understand whether each country’ specificities determine their development aid strategy. Beyond the technical issues (organisational system, delivery system, aid destination) specific to the three policies, the research compares motivations which encourage to offer development assistance to West Africa. The research marks the very first comparison of Asian aid policies
Linnemayr, Sebastian. "Three essays on the interaction of human and physical capital in sub-Saharan Africa." Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX24027.
Full textThis thesis contributes to the empirical basis of the relationship between health and wealth in developing countries. The first article investigates the impact of being a household affected by HIV/AIDS on the ability to smooth consumption. I find that households with a visibly sick member cannot smooth their consumption, indicating their precarious status concerning future shocks. The second article investigates the determinants of child malnutrition in three regions in Senegal, and finds that children of young mothers and children of mothers living in a household with an old household head have a lower nutritional status. I also find that NGOs have the potential to alleviate this precarious nutritional situation. In the third paper, I investigate the impact of a randomized nutrition intervention in Senegal, and find only weak evidence for the success of the intervention on child weight-for-age. Potential reasons for this finding are the relatively short intervention period that may have had an impact on service availability but not on child nutritional status
Rajaoson, Julien. "La présence économique chinoise et le processus de démocratisation en Afrique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAH015.
Full textThe "Chinese presence" in Africa has become an inescapable demographic reality, it has grown in recent years the Chinese Diaspora on the African territory is not less than one million people, against less than 100 000 in 2001. To understand our research object, and capture the economic mechanisms intrinsic to African societies, we adopt an approach "bottom" because the local level seems more appropriate to understand the springs of economic growth
Ambomo, Marcel. "Commerce, environnement et développement en Afrique francophone : réalités et perspectives." Nantes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NANT4007.
Full textBase development only on economic growth, was a trend in Africa. Henceforth, this approach is questioned, since the consecration of sustainable development at Rio Summit. Consequently, development issue of African countries is studied, by redefining actual balance between trade, environment and development. Indeed, we can take up a bet on trade as development tool in Africa. However, his success depends on withdraw of trade barriers and the protection of environment. We seize here, the opportunity to re-examine the sustainable concept, which appears, for good, as a civilization vision. At what scale? Universality seems on this context attractive. But it's risky, because it could ignore local situation. In this field, we can think globally, but act locally. This concept allows sui generis sustainable development models, with the purpose to avoid a unique environmental view
Bambi, Guy-Gaëtan. "Analyse économique de l'enseignement primaire en Afrique sub-saharienne : réflexion approfondie sur le cas du Congo." Dijon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996DIJOE010.
Full textThe educational systems of Sub-Saharan Africa countries are confronted with a strong financial crisis ; this makes it difficult for them to improve the level of the human assets, which is a necessary but not a sufficient condition to ensure the economic growth process. The scrutiny of the scale of this crisis and of its consequences on the supply and the demand in education in a few Sub-Saharan Africa countries helps to see what political authorities, planifiers and public administrations can do to solve the theoretical and pratical problems their educational systems are faced with. The results of empirical studies on the analysis of the relationship between the pedagogical inputs and the pupils learning outputs contribute to define more efficient educational policies thank to lower cost and their efficiency, in view of the qualitative and quantitative development of better educational systems. The mean educational level of the active population's future generations can therefore be improved with the same volume of educational investments, or even with a lower volume
Bossuroy, Thomas. "Quatre essais sur la dynamique des structures sociales et politiques en Afrique." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0018.
Full textThe first chapter uses household surveys to set down a measurement of intergenerational mobility between the farm and non-farm sectors in Ghana, Uganda, Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea and Madagascar. The differences between former French and former British colonies (the latter displaying a much higher level of social fluidity) result from different educational and settlement policies implemented by the colonizers, which impacted educational, geographical and in turn occupational mobility. The second chapter explores the individual incentives to identify to the ethnic group, by using recent surveys from seven West-African countries. Education and a strategic use of kinship networks by underprivileged people and the migrants stand out as the main driving forces. Ethnic identification may be viewed as an instrument for upward mobility when formal means of social achievement are failing The third chapter investigates whether ethnicity drove the election results of the 2004 presidential poil in Ghana, and therefore uses several datasets matched at the district level. An ethnic and a non-ethnic model are compared. Ethnicity explains the structure of votes slightly better, but does not rule out the non-ethnic model. But the ethnic mode! fails to account for the evolution of votes between two polls, which is the result of evaluative voting. Non-ethnic determinants thus appear to drive the pivotal voter and, therefore, election outcomes. The fourth chapter argues that studies on the African political economy should focus less on structural features like ethnic fragmentation and neopatrimonialism, and more on how political and economic inequalities shape the dynamics of social structures
Sow, Fanta. "Les stratégies de développement de la filière du miel en milieu rural du Sénégal, Guinée, Mali." Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010667.
Full textGuyavarch, Emmanuelle. "Démographie et santé de la reproduction en Afrique sub-saharienne. Analyse des évolutions en cours : Une étude de cas : l'observatoire de population de Bandafassi (Sénégal)." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MNHN0038.
Full textLocated in a rural area particularly disadvantaged in Senegal, the population of Bandafassi has experienced a very high level of mortality documented from the early 1970s to the mid-1980s and evidence indicates that infant and child mortality has began to decline at the end of the 1980s, due in particular to vaccinations. Fertility remains stable at the high level. Changes will be conditioned on the spread of voluntary birth control, a process which is still in its very early stages of initiation and susceptible to reversal as indicated by the result of an in-depth survey of contraceptive knowledge and practice
Guillot, Fabien. "Les asymétries frontalières : essai de géographie sociale et politique sur les pratiques sociales et les rapports sociaux : Les cas États-Unis Mexique, Espagne Maroc, Israël Liban Palestine." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00460936.
Full textOuoba, Yienouyaba Gaetan. "Capital humain des femmes et utilisation de la biomasse verte : évidence de l'Afrique subsaharienne." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/68419.
Full textLasm, Raymond-Paul. "Pratiques financières informelles : réflexion à partir du cas des tontines africaines." Dijon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DIJOE012.
Full textOkalas-Okonigui, Eudoxie. "Les fondements sociologiques du blocage démocratique au Gabon." Lille 1, 2001. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2001/50377-2001-1.pdf.
Full textAbba, Gana Souleymane. "Economie des guerres civiles : analyse économique des conflits armés intra-étatiques en Afrique Occidentale." Thesis, Artois, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ARTO0103.
Full textThe civil wars in Africa are multiple, disastrous and multicausal. However analyses privilege frequently the identical causes connected to the ethnic or to the historic facts. It is proposed here, a different analysis by an economic approach. If in the sense of the classic or neo-classic economy, natural resources are an endowment constituting an absolute or comparative advantage, in Africa, they contribute to feed the intra-state wars punishing any effort of development. The exploitation of uranium in Niger, far from allowing an economic performance thanks to the income which it generates, represents a double source of "curse": in compliance with the "dutch disease" accompanied with the economic mediocrity which characterizes it but also constitutes a stake in which bases the armed rebellion
Tchapga, Flavien. "L'ouverture des réseaux électriques des pays d'Afrique subsaharienne aux capitaux privés : Choix organisationnels et contraintes institutionnelles." Paris 13, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA131004.
Full textBertelli, Olivia. "Trois essais sur la sécurité alimentaire en Afrique Sub-Saharienne." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0072.
Full textDespite the emphasis put by the international community on the need to achieve food security, still today 795 million of people suffer from hunger, two thirds of whom live in rural areas. This thesis aims at shedding light on the determinants that cause households food insecurity in the Sub-Saharan context. The first part of this work illustrates the shortcomings of existing measures of food security and assesses the statistical validity of a multidimensional food security scale. Based on such statistical analysis, I, then, turn to a micro-econometric approach for investigating the role played by the number of children in granting household food security. Lastly, I explore whether household welfare related priorities, among which achieving food security, might explain the puzzling existence of negative profits in agricultural activities
Grosfilley, Anne. "Entre artisanat et industrie : l'aventure post-coloniale du paysage textile Ouest Africain." Montpellier 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON30003.
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