Relevant bibliographies by topics / Frost boil

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Frost boil'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Frost boil"

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Walker, Donald A., Howard E. Epstein, William A. Gould, Alexia M. Kelley, Anja N. Kade, Julie A. Knudson, William B. Krantz, et al. "Frost-boil ecosystems: complex interactions between landforms, soils, vegetation and climate." Permafrost and Periglacial Processes 15, no. 2 (April 2004): 171–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.487.

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Kaiser, Christina, Hildegard Meyer, Christina Biasi, Olga Rusalimova, Pavel Barsukov, and Andreas Richter. "Storage and mineralization of carbon and nitrogen in soils of a frost-boil tundra ecosystem in Siberia." Applied Soil Ecology 29, no. 2 (June 2005): 173–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2004.10.005.

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Wang, Zheng Jun, and Jia Bin Liang. "Engineering Characteristics of Expansive Soil and its Improved Research Development." Advanced Materials Research 884-885 (January 2014): 657–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.884-885.657.

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Expansive Soil is a kind of high plastic clay. Because it has Strong hydrophilic mineral composition, its engineering prosperities embodies that its shape contracts under dehydrating, Inflation and softening under the influence of water and the strength attenuates. This is very difficult to construct in the region of expansive soil. In the region of seasonal frozen, as capillary water rising height is larger; it is prone to phenomenon of frost boil or thawing settlement. It has important meaning to improve hydrophilic and physical and mechanical properties of expansive soil for Slope stability of embankment and cutting of highway engineering and reducing the cost of investment. The paper discusses the engineering properties of expansive soil in Detail; expound some main methods of improved expansive soil at home and abroad and compare and analysis the mechanism and characteristics of the corresponding methods. The paper introduces preliminary testing methods of Expansive soil performance and prospects improved in the future.
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Korkmaz, Ahmet, and Robert J. Dufault. "Influence of Short-term Cyclic Cold Temperature Stress on Muskmelon and Honeydew Yield." HortTechnology 13, no. 1 (January 2003): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.13.1.0067.

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Muskmelon (Cucumis melo) seedlings are transplanted in late winter or early spring before last frost date to ensure early yields; however, this makes them very vulnerable to temperatures cycling between almost freezing and optimal temperatures. To simulate temperature alternations that may occur after field transplanting, `Athena', `Sugar Bowl', `Eclipse' muskmelon, and `Tesorro Dulce' honeydew (C. melo) transplants were subjected to 2 ± 1 °C (35.6 ± 1.8 °F) in a walk-in cooler and then to 29 ± 5 °C (84.2 ± 9.0 °F) in a greenhouse before field planting. In 1998, transplants were exposed to 2 °C for 9 to 54 hours, and for 9 to 81 hours in 1999. `Athena' and `Sugar Bowl' yielded less early melons in both years, whereas `Eclipse' and `Tesoro Dulce' early yields were only reduced in 1999. Total yields of `Athena' decreased linearly in both years with 10% yield reduction occurring with 12 to 21 hours of cold stress. Total yields of `Sugar Bowl' decreased linearly in both years with 11 to 18 hours of cold stress causing 10% yield reduction in 1998 and 1999, respectively. Therefore, early planting before last frosts of all these muskmelon and honeydew cultivars should be done with caution since reductions in early yields are highly probable.
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Koroleva, E. S., Ya V. Tikhonravova, V. P. Mel’nikov, E. A. Slagoda, E. A. Babkina, and V. I. Butakov. "Formation of frost boils in peat plateau of the Pur-Taz interfluve at the background of modern climate warming." Геоэкология. Инженерная геология. Гидрогеология. Геокриология, no. 6 (December 21, 2019): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-78092019642-51.

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In 2016-2017, we have detected numerous organic frost boils on the surface of khasyrey peat plateau in the southern tundra part of Pur-Taz interfluve (the north of West Siberia). They are related to the microrelief depressions in polygons and to the swales between tussocks. Cross-sections, cryogenic structure, properties of peat in active layer (moisture, density, heaving, chemical composition) and peat distribution within the khasyreys were studied. In the active layer, we distinguished soil and vegetation cover, upper and middle solid layers of weakly decomposed peat, lower layer of a well decomposed peat. Under the microrelief depressions, the top of permafrost is lowered, thickness and moisture of decomposed peat is increased due to the recent thawing in comparison to the elevated parts of polygons. In the cross-sections of seasonally thawing peat, we determined injections of organic matter from the lower layer of peat to the surface. We propose the mechanism of organic frost boils formation in peat plateau due to the injections during the summer seasons of 2016-2018 against the increase of a thaw depth without freezing. During the observation period, the amount of frost boils on polygonal peat plateau was found to increase.
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Kusky, T. M., J. S. Chow, and S. A. Bowring. "Age and origin of the Boil Mountain ophiolite and Chain Lakes massif, Maine: implications for the Penobscottian orogeny." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 34, no. 5 (May 1, 1997): 646–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e17-051.

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The Boil Mountain ophiolite complex of west-central Maine is widely interpreted to mark the Lower Ordovician Penobscottian suture between the Dunnage, Chain Lakes, and Gander terranes. The ophiolite consists of two distinct volcanic groups, including a lower island-arc tholeiite sequence and an upper mid-ocean-ridge basalt sequence. A new Middle Ordovician 477 ± 1 Ma U–Pb age on a tonalite sill that intrudes the lower volcanic–gabbroic sequence is younger than other ca. 500 Ma age constraints for the ophiolite and represents a maximum age for the ophiolite prior to final emplacement over gneissic rocks of the Chain Lakes massif. A comparison of ages and paleogeography of the Boil Mountain ophiolite with ophiolitic sequences in Quebec and Newfoundland indicates that the Taconian and Penobscottian orogenies and ophiolite obduction occurred simultaneously, although on different margins of the Iapetus Ocean. The Taconian ophiolite sequences were obducted onto the Appalachian margin of Laurentia during its collision with the Notre Dame – Bronson Hill belt in the Middle Ordovician, whereas the Boil Mountain ophiolite was obducted onto the Gander margin of Gondwana during its collision with the Exploits subzone – Penobscot arc of the Dunnage terrane in the Lower – Middle Ordovician. We suggest that the lower volcanic–gabbroic sequence of the Boil Mountain ophiolite represents the fore-arc ophiolitic basement to the Penobscot arc. Middle Ordovician rifting of the Penobscottian orogenic collage on the Gander margin formed a new volcanic sequence (Popelogan arc) in front of a growing back-arc basin, and erupted the upper tholeiitic sequence of the Boil Mountain ophiolite in a back-arc-basin setting. The tonalité sill formed during this event by partial melting of the lower volcanic–gabbroic sequence. Spreading in this back-arc basin (Tetagouche basin) brought a fragment of the Gander margin (Chain Lakes massif), along with an allochthonous ophiolitic cover (Boil Mountain complex) across Iapetus, where it collided with the Taconic modified margin of North America in the Late Ordovician and was then intruded by the Ashgillian Attean pluton.
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Overduin, P. P., and D. L. Kane. "Frost boils and soil ice content: field observations." Permafrost and Periglacial Processes 17, no. 4 (2006): 291–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.567.

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Pottlitzer, J. "Up Front: AUGUSTO BOAL (1931 - 2009)." Theater 40, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01610775-2009-013.

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Boukala, Mouloud. "Les Fros : devenir québécois par le bois." Anthropologie et Sociétés 36, no. 1-2 (2012): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1011727ar.

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Peterson, Rorik A., and William B. Krantz. "A mechanism for differential frost heave and its implications for patterned-ground formation." Journal of Glaciology 49, no. 164 (2003): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756503781830854.

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AbstractThe genesis of some types of patterned ground, including hummocks, frost boils and sorted stone circles, has been attributed to differential frost heave (DFH). However, a theoretical model that adequately describes DFH has yet to be developed and validated. In this paper, we present a mathematical model for the initiation of DFH, and discuss how variations in physical (i.e. soil/vegetation properties) and environmental (i.e. ground/air temperatures) properties affect its occurrence and length scale. Using the Fowler and Krantz multidimensional frost-heave equations, a linear stability analysis anda quasi-steady-state real-time analysis are performed. Results indicate that the following conditions positively affect the spontaneous initiation of DFH: silty soil, small Young’s modulus, small non-uniform surface heat transfer or cold uniform surface temperatures, and small freezing depths. The initiating mechanism for DFH is multidimensional heat transfer within the freezing soil. Numerical integration of the linear growth rates indicates that expression of surface patterns can become evident on the 10–100 year time-scale.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Frost boil"

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Nasuti, Stéphanie-Caroline. "Une situation de « post-front pionnier » : le cas de la region rurale de Ciriaco (Maranhão - Brésil)." Thesis, Paris 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA030067/document.

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Cette étude présente les composantes spatio-temporelles ayant structuré une région d’arrière-front pionnier de la frange orientale de l’Amazonie brésilienne [pré-Amazonie maranhense, Imperatriz]. Afin de saisir les conditions d’organisation du peuplement, nous cartographions les trajectoires migratoires de la première génération ayant afflué massivement dans les années soixante, que nous comparons aux actuelles stratégies de circulation des jeunes générations. L’évolution foncière, inhérente à la consolidation d’un front pionnier, s’est singularisée par diverses interventions directes de l’Etat fédéral, privilégiant tour à tour la régularisation individuelle pour rétablir la paix sociale [Getat] puis l’usufruit collectif des terres pour préserver l’environnement [aires protégées]. Nous avons reconstitué les étapes de la chaîne foncière, montrant dans quelles conditions des petits agriculteurs ont pu accéder durablement à la propriété jusqu’à l’implantation d’une réserve extractiviste, Ciriaco, cas d’étude central de ce travail. Cette opération amène la question de la modernisation des produits de l’extractivisme et de la capacité des populations rurales à s’insérer dans les circuits commerciaux. La transformation de la noix de babaçu [Orbignya spp.], activité en désuétude, exprime pourtant une identité collective forte, qui s’incarne dans un mouvement social emblématique des transformations du milieu politico-associatif rural, qui entre dans une démarche réflexive et acquiert plus d’autonomie, concourant à structurer les communautés rurales en zone de front pionnier. Cette dynamique régionale se complète par les problématiques actuelles du secteur sidérurgique, activité pionnière de fort impact, mais dont l’implantation dans les années quatre-vingts a donné une envergure nationale à la région d’Imperatriz. Aujourd’hui, pour assurer la « durabilité » de ses activités, le secteur est contraint de déployer un véritable système spatial articulé autour d’une forêt plantée d’eucalyptus, de sa transformation en charbon végétal aboutissant aux lingots de fer-gueuse
This study presents the spatial and temporal components that have led to the organization of a post pioneer front located in the oriental part of the Brazilian Amazon region [pre-Amazônia maranhense, Imperatriz]. In order to understand the settlement process of this region, we first outline a cartographic analysis of the life event and migratory movements of the first generation, who had come to the region massively in the 1960ies; second, we compare the latter with the actual circulation strategies of the younger generations. The evolution of land tenure, which is inherent to the consolidation of a settlement front, has taken place continuously by a series of direct interventions by the Federal Government, first privileging individual regularization in order to restore social peace [Getat]; then collective land use aiming at the preservation of the environment [protected areas]. In this work, we reconstruct the different steps of the land property regulation chain, in order to identify the conditions under which small farmers could become “property owners” and to show how this process ultimately led to the delimitation of the Ciriaco extractive reserve, which constitutes our main case study, . This operation leads to the question of the modernization of the extractive economy and to the capacity of rural populations to take over in trading and to develop economic circuits. If the transformation of the babassu nut [Orbignya spp.] seems to be bound to become extinct, the activity however still holds a strong collective identity, embodied in a social movement which has been emblematic of the transformations of rural politico-associative entities. They are adopting a more reflexive position, and gaining more autonomy, contributing to structure the different rural communities of the settlement front. This regional dynamics must be completed by current issues of the pig-iron sector, a pioneer activity which had a heavy impact on the region around Imperatriz but has also contributed to give it an [inter]national importance since the 1980ies. Today, in order to ensure the sustainability of its activities, the pig-iron sector is compelled to spread out a real spatial system articulated around a forest of planted eucalyptus and its transformation into charcoal and then pig-iron ingot
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Steg, Jean-Michel. "La mort au combat pendant la première guerre mondiale 22 Août 1914, le jour le plus meurtrier de l’histoire de France Ces anglais morts pour la France 1er Juillet 1916. Le jour le plus meurtrier de l’histoire Britannique La Fayette nous voici! 6 juin 1918, les américains à l’assaut du bois de Belleau." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0048.

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Les pics de mortalité pour chaque armée alliée durant la Première Guerre Mondiale traduisent l'impact des changements massifs intervenus entre la fin du XIXème et le début du XXème sur tous les éléments du combat moderne. Ils comportent à la fois des données "culturelles" et des données "matérielles", qui se conjuguent pour aboutir au résultat de la bataille. Mais leur ajustement n'est ni automatique ni instantané. En fait les déséquilibres initiaux seront tels que, pour chaque armée, l’« entrée en guerre » sera à chaque fois une expérience extraordinairement meurtrière. Je précise que par entrée en guerre j'entends le moment ou, pour la première fois, un pays engage massivement au feu des troupes mobilisées dans ce but: ce sera août 1914 pour les Français, juillet 1916 pour les Britanniques et Juin 1918 pour les Américains.Ensuite chaque armée, collectivement et individuellement, apprendra plus ou moins rapidement de ses erreurs. Tous ne le feront pas au même rythme. Surtout, la transmission d'expérience d'une armée à l'autre se révèlera extrêmement difficile, voire impossible
For each Allied army, the mortality peaks during World War I testify to the impact of the massive changes occurring in all elements of modern combat at the end of the 19th century, and the beginning of the 20th. Those change have both "cultural" and "physical" elements, which combine to set the outcome of the battle. But these adjustments are neither automatic, nor instantaneous.Actually, the initial imbalances at the onset of the "entry into the war " for each army (August 1914 for the French, July 1916 for the British, June 1918 for the Americans), will be such that they will doom the troops to slaughter.Then, each army, collectively as well as individually, will learn more or less quickly from their mistakes. Not all of them will do so at the same pace. Moreover, the transmission of experience from one Army to another will turn out to be difficult, if not impossible
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"Fertility of frost boils and the effect of diapirism on plant nitrogen uptake in a polar desert ecosystem of the Canadian High Arctic." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD-2016-02-2431.

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Polar desert environments are limiting in plant available nutrients, mainly nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) that severely limit plant growth and establishment. Cryogenic activity regularly patterns the ground into a patchwork of frost boils – sorted circles that are associated with an increase in moisture, fertility and plant cover. Within some frost boils, the accumulation of ice-rich soil at the permafrost table can cause an upward flow of soil organic carbon (SOC) enriched permafrost material into the active layer. These diapiric intrusions are predicted to fuel microbial activity and enrich the horizon in N and P; however, the enrichment of the diapir horizon and accessibility by plants has yet to be studied. The aim of this research was to characterize the N distribution within diapir horizons located in frost boils and the effect of these intrusions on vascular plant N uptake in a polar desert ecosystem of the Canadian High Arctic. Natural abundance and enriched isotope 15N techniques were used to trace the flow of N through the soil-plant system. Surface and diapir horizons contained the highest total C and total N content within frost boils. Natural abundance δ15N analysis indicated that uptake by Salix arctica plants located on frost boils in the absence of a diapir horizon were sourcing N from the surface. However, when diapir nutrients became available, S. arctica plants began sourcing N from the diapir horizon and underlying low SOC sources in the soil, while reducing uptake from the surface. The altered foraging strategy of S. arctica in response to diapir horizon formation was further indicated by significant uptake of atom%15N nutrients that were injected directly into diapir horizons. These findings suggest diapir horizons are enriched in N and accessible by plants roots as an important nutrient source that is instrumental in their survival within frost boils of a polar desert ecosystem in the high arctic.
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Book chapters on the topic "Frost boil"

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"Frost Boil." In Encyclopedia of Planetary Landforms, 828. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3134-3_100163.

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"frost boil." In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik, 574. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_63195.

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Rhodes, Jane. "Suffrage and the New Negro in the Black Public Sphere." In Front Pages, Front Lines, 98–114. University of Illinois Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252043109.003.0006.

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The era immediately following World War I was tumultuous for African American communities, with its widespread backlash against black American soldiers, urban antiblack violence and riots, and lynching. The black press, which conveyed the communities’ sense of anxiety and grievance, was critical to the formation and maintenance of a radical black counterpublic—a formation that operated outside the mainstream public sphere. While some black publications stayed on the margins of radical politics, this chapter shows that others embraced more militant ideas and strategies. Socialism and the Communist Party held special sway for some African Americans seeking a way out of their social, economic, and political isolation. A. Philip Randolph and Chandler Owen, who founded The Messenger in New York in 1917, supported woman suffrage and promised to help women make the most profitable and desirable use of the ballot. The Messenger’s editors viewed black women’s suffrage as part of a larger political and social transformation that would give the masses a voice and equal opportunity. W. E. B. Du Bois also articulated strong “profeminist” politics in the pages of The Crisis, promoting women’s suffrage as a key element in the quest for black liberation.
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"Front Matter." In Aramaic Bowl Spells, i—xxvii. BRILL, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004229372_001.

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"Front Matter." In Hélier, fils des bois, [i]—[vi]. Presses de l'Université du Québec, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv18pgwz6.1.

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"Front Matter." In In the Shadow of Du Bois, i—vi. Harvard University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvjhzqcr.1.

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Zola, Émile. "Chapter III." In The Sin of Abbé Mouret. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780198736639.003.0041.

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‘Now my soup is too hot,’ grumbled La Teuse, coming back from the kitchen with a bowl in which a wooden spoon was standing upright.* She stood in front of Abbé Mouret, and started to eat cautiously from the tip of the...
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Khovanova, Tanya. "Dragons and Kasha." In The Mathematics of Various Entertaining Subjects. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691171920.003.0002.

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This chapter begins with the following teaser about hungry dragons stealing kasha from one another. “Suppose a four-armed dragon is sitting on every face of a cube. Each dragon has a bowl of kasha in front of him. Dragons are very greedy, so instead of eating their own kasha, they try to steal kasha from their neighbors. Each minute, every dragon extends four arms to the four neighboring faces on the cube and tries to get the kasha from the bowls there. As four arms are fighting for every bowl of kasha, each arm manages to steal one-fourth of what is in the bowl. Thus, each dragon steals one-fourth of the kasha of each of his neighbors, while at the same time all of his own kasha is stolen. Given the initial amounts of kasha in every bowl, what is the asymptotic behavior of the amounts of kasha?” It then arrives at a branch of mathematics called representation theory.
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"Front Matter." In W. E. B. Du Bois and the Critique of the Competitive Society, i—iv. University of Georgia Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv5npkgt.1.

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"Front Matter." In Les Bois-Brûlés de l’Outaouais. Une étude ethnoculturelle des Métis de la Gatineau, II—VI. Presses de l'Université Laval, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1g2460d.1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Frost boil"

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Mordovskoy, Sergey Denisovich, Vladimir Vasilievich Everestov, and Mir Petrovich Akimov. "Simulation of frost boil in the layer of seasonal thawing of ground." In 6th International Research and Practical Conference. TSNS Interaktiv Plus, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21661/r-115191.

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Ho, Son H., and Muhammad M. Rahman. "Zero Boil-Off Cryogenic Liquid Hydrogen Storage Tank With Axial Cold-Spray System." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-15341.

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This paper presents a steady-state analysis of fluid flow and heat transfer in a zero boil-off cryogenic storage tank for liquid hydrogen. The system includes a tank with cylindrical wall and oblate spheroidal top and bottom, and a cold-spray nozzle head whose face is set perpendicular to the axis of the tank. The nozzle head has many nozzles on its front face. The cold fluid cooled by an external cooling system enters the inlet opening at the top of the tank, follows an axial supply tube to the nozzle head and exits through the nozzles into the bulk fluid inside the tank heated by heat leak from the surroundings. The displaced fluid exits the tank through an annular outlet opening (also at the top of the tank and concentric with the inlet opening) then goes back to the external cooling system. This study considers the transport phenomena in the storage tank only with prescribed fluid flow velocity and temperature at the inlet to represent the external cooling system.
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Dumitrescu, Cosmin E., Vishnu Padmanaban, and Jinlong Liu. "An Experimental Investigation of Early Flame Development in an Optical SI Engine Fueled With Natural Gas." In ASME 2017 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2017-3525.

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Improved internal combustion (IC) engine simulations of natural gas (NG) combustion under conventional and advanced combustion strategies have the potential to increase the use of NG in the transportation sector in the United States. This study focused on the physics of turbulent flame propagation. The experiments were performed in a single-cylinder heavy-duty compression-ignition (CI) optical engine with a bowl-in piston that was converted to spark ignition (SI) NG operation. The size and growth rate of the early flame from the start of combustion until the flame filled the camera field-of-view were correlated to combustion parameters determined from in-cylinder pressure data, under low-speed, lean-mixture, and medium-load conditions. Individual cycles showed evidence of turbulent flame wrinkling, but the cycle-averaged flame edge propagated almost circular in the 2D images recorded from below. More, the flame-speed data suggested a different flame propagation inside a bowl-in piston geometry compared to a typical SI engine chamber. For example, while the flame front propagated very fast inside the piston bowl, the corresponding mass fraction burn was small, which suggested a thick flame region. In addition, combustion images showed flame activity after the end of combustion inferred from the pressure trace. All these findings support the need for further investigations of flame propagation under conditions representative of CI engine geometries, such as those in this study.
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Tart, Rupert G. "Pipeline Geohazards Unique to Northern Climates." In 2006 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2006-10085.

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Pipelines in northern climates can be impacted by geohazards that are unique to cold regions. Some of these include frost heave, thaw settlement, solifluction, icings, glaciers, ice-rich slopes, and others. This paper will discuss most of these geohazards as they have been monitored, mitigated, and managed along the Trans Alaska Pipeline (TAPS) and other pipelines in Alaska and Russia. Early analyses of frost heave and thaw settlement of piles concluded that frost heave and thaw settlement would be controlled by installing passive heat removal devices (heat pipes). In permafrost areas heat pipes have generally worked well. In unfrozen terrain or discontinuous permafrost the heat pipes have not been able to maintain stability. Examples of each of these situations will be discussed. Steep rolling terrain makes up a significant part of the TAPS route. Some of the slopes are in permafrost and others are in thawed ground. For the past 15 years, surveillance and monitoring of some of the slopes along the pipeline route has documented the response of slopes in frozen ground. Warmer (that is near 0 degrees C) ice-rich slopes can creep. An example of this is documented on a slope instrumented with inclinometers and thermistors. Other slope movements related to pore pressure increases caused by active layer containment of unfrozen groundwater flows will be discussed. The impact of solifluction zones on pipeline construction and routing will be addressed as it has been managed along the TAPS. Other near surface slope movements that appear to be similar to solifluction have been observed along the pipeline right-of-way on the workpad. This paper will address an interrelationship of these observed slope behaviors. In doing this the interaction of slope seeps and the freeze front as it forms in fall and then recedes in spring and summer is compared to observations of engineered projects. Icings can be observed in several locations along TAPS. In some cases these can be related to slope movements. In other cases the icings have reached the aboveground and caused maintenance issues. TAPS was designed to avoid future surges of several large glaciers. In most years these glaciers have retreated and have not been a significant issue. A recent large earthquake caused a landslide on the largest glacier near TAPS and resulted in some review of the activity on that glacier. In 2002 a large earthquake centered near TAPS caused liquefaction in some areas, breakage of ice in lakes in some locations, and sand boils very close to the pipe. These observations will be related to the thinly frozen active layer over a deep talik during the earthquake.
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Lee, Jongyoon, Jayun Cho, and Dockoon Yoo. "A Compression Ratio Selection Method of the Non-Road Diesel Engine Without EGR System to Meet Stage V Emission Standards." In ASME 2017 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2017-3542.

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Fuel efficiency is the key buying factor in the non-road diesel engine market, because the engine mainly operates in the high torque region and consumes relatively large amount of fuel in a short term. A compression ratio of diesel engine is deeply related to a thermal efficiency and it is one of the key design parameter influencing on the fuel efficiency. In this paper, the new approach to select compression ratio is described and the design constrains such as in-cylinder max allowable pressure, max allowable temperature at turbine front end and max allowable temperature at compressor back end were considered. The base engine is 3.4 liter non-road diesel engine without EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation) system for Stage V emission standards and is originated from the same engine system with EGR system to meet Tier 4 Final emission standards. Its official compression ratio is 17.0. The purpose of this study is to select an optimal compression ratio for non-road diesel engine system with non-EGR system to meet Stage V emission standards. The methodology to be presented in this study is based on the 1-D engine performance simulations, the 3-D CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) combustion simulations, and the engine bench test. In these simulations, a compression ratio and a SOI (Start of Injection) were considered for sweeping parameters. With analyzing the results of parameter studies and engine design constraints, an optimal compression ratio is found to be 18.0. As a result of many engine bench tests, a fuel consumption has been improved by 1.5% with new piston bowl of which compression ratio is 18.0, meeting Stage V emission standards.
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