Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Frottement de glissement'
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Caldas, Helena. "Le frottement solide sec : le frottement de glissement et de non glissement. Étude des difficultés des étudiants et analyse de manuels." Paris 7, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA070014.
Full textThe aim of the present work is to tackle the difficulties met by students as they were confronted with physical situations in which phenomena of sliding friction (kinetic friction) or nonsliding friction (static friction) between the non-lubricated contact zones of the solids concerned are at work ("frottement solid sec" or "dry solid friction"). The research is based on a "priori analysis" (the study of friction both from a physical and didactic point of view, a short exploratory survey, empirical classroom observations of teaching methods dealing with friction and a partial analysis of the reference textbooks used by students and teachers) where a number of questions and hypoteses are explicitly put forward. The second part is concerned with analyzing the results of (written) questionnaires submitted to students from different backgrounds (different countries of origin and different academic levels). These questionnaires were elaborated in order to test our hypotheses. The resulting analyses lead to a synthetic description of the students'ideas and ways of reasoning concerning frictioin. The students' ways of reasoning bear the following characteristics : the students seem to have a one-siled notion of friction (no-distinction between static and kinetic friction) which is represented by only one resultant of the contact forces (newton's third law is not applied) ; the resultant is located at interface level ("between" the solids) and only has an effect on the solid above the interface ("effet dessus-dessous", or "upper-lower effet"). This single force has a welldefined direction and is determined by the direction of the "effective" (given) motion of the solids studied - this single force is constantly opposed to the "effective" motion of the solids (the relative motion of the solids are not taken into consideration)
Philippon, Sylvain Molinari Alain. "Etude expérimentale du frottement sec à grande vitesses de glissement." Metz : Université Metz, 2008. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/2004/Philippon.Sylvain.SMZ0416.pdf.
Full textPhilippon, Sylvain. "Etude expérimentale du frottement sec à grande vitesses de glissement." Metz, 2004. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2004/Philippon.Sylvain.SMZ0416.pdf.
Full textThe understanding of friction laws is of major importance for modelling of metal forming processes and wear, among other applications. Few studies are concerned by friction at high sliding velocities. An original experimental device has been designed to study dry friction under static and dynamic conditions avoiding the constraints due to the wear. High sliding velocities (from 13 m/s to 60 m/s) and low sliding velocities (from 0 m/s to 3 m/s) are obtained respectively with an air gun set-up and a hydraulic machine using this same friction device. The interesting features of this dynamic friction set-up are related to the sliding speed is identical at any points of the contact zone and that a quasistationary friction process is obtained after a short transient. The effects on friction of the normal pressure p, and of the sliding velocity v are investigated. The results obtained for steel on steel friction coefficient are in agreement with those collected in the literature and allow to validate this experimental device. A second sliding pair of materials (steel on uncoated tungsten carbide) was tested to reproduce the tool-chip interaction during high speed machining. The usual decreasing friction coefficient with increasing sliding velocity v is confirmed. However, for higher velocities an opposite trend is observed. Finally, the results of dry friction coefficient calculated with the models proposed by ettles and by molinari et al. Were compared to the steel on steel data measured with the experimental device
Hénot, Marceau. "Glissement de polymères liquides." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS194/document.
Full textThe goal of this work was to identify the molecular mechanisms governing the friction of a polymeric liquid on a solid surface by studying the deviation from the no-slip boundary condition.First, we developed a new method of measurement of slip of a polymeric liquid based on the observation under shear of a pattern photobleached in a fluorescent fluid. This method, which is an evolution of one already used in the group, give a direct access to the displacement field of the liquid under shear. Using this setup, we studied experimentally the effect of the chemical nature of the surface, of the liquid viscosity and of the temperature on the slip of polymer melt (T>Tg). It appeared that the slip effect is governed by the viscosity of the liquid and a friction coefficient which depends only on the chemical natures of the liquid and the surface. In particular this coefficient is the same for a melt and for an elastomer made of the same polymer. The temperature dependence of this effect is characterized by the difference of activation energy of viscosity of the liquid and of the friction on the solid surface that both are activated processes. We also studied the case of concentrated polymer solutions for which the molecular mechanism of friction differs. Indeed we showed that the friction coefficient is no longer a local quantity and depends on the concentration. Finally, we investigated the evolution over time of the slip transition of polymer melts and solutions which is due to the adsorption of polymer chains on the solid walls
Bousmat, Jonas. "Expériences et modèles du frottement élastomère sur chaussée en roulement/glissement." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEC011.
Full textFor safety and energy consumption issues, tyre friction has become an important property when designing tyres. There are two main kinematic conditions which are commonly used to measure friction forces : the onset of sliding and the rolling/sliding. The friction laws which are extracted from the onset of sliding experiments are rather well interpreted. In contrast, the link between those frictions laws and the rolling/sliding behaviour remains incompletely understood. In particular, the rolling/sliding models do not take into account the transition between static friction and dynamic friction, although it is a well-established phenomenology. In this manuscript, we propose diérent models of friction in rolling/sliding, which extend those of the literature by explicitly integrating a static/dynamic friction transition. To test these models in the case of a tyre/road contact, we performed experiment in the two kinematic conditions, on a simpliéd elastomer/road contact. From the onset of sliding experiments, we identify the parameters of the friction law as functions of the applied normal force, the sliding speed and the type of road. These results are used as inputs in our models to predict the rolling/sliding behaviour, and are eventually compared with the corresponding experiments. In addition, we have tested several assumptions made in the models by performing in situ contact imaging experiments. In particular we con_rm, on an elastomer/glass interface, the simultaneous presence of a sticking and a slipping zone in rolling/sliding conditions
Raynal, Caroline. "Frottement avec glissement de polymères fondus : filières à haute et basse énergie de surface." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10002.
Full textGrzelka, Marion. "Mécanismes de frottement aux interfaces polymères liquides / solide : propriétés de glissement et structure interfaciale." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS551.
Full textThe aim of this work is to identify the molecular mechanisms driving the friction of liquid polymers on a solid substrate.First, we studied the effect of the temperature T on the slippage properties of PDMS melts. Using a velocimetry technique based on photobleaching, we measured the temperature dependence of the slip length of PDMS and checked the validity of Navier’s hypothesis, which defines the friction coefficient k as the ratio between the bulk viscosity to the slip length. Far above the glass transition temperature, k(T) increases exponentially with 1/T, a result that we confirmed with an independent measurement of k for the friction of crosslinked PDMS lenses. The friction mechanism of melts is a thermally activated process. The comparison of the activation energies for the friction and for the viscosity allows one to predict if the slip length increases or deacreases with temperature.We then focused our work on the identification of the friction mechanisms of semi diluted polymer solutions. Based on slip experiments of PS in DEP solutions, we evidenced a transient onset of slippage regime. Considering the viscoelasticity of the fluid and its friction properties, we developed a mechanical model of friction of a Maxwell-like fluid that well describes our experimental data.In the stationary slippage regime, we studied the influence of the polymer volume fraction φ on the slippage of solutions of polymer. In the Newtonian regime, the measured scaling law for k φ as a function of the volume fraction highlights the dependence of the friction coefficient on the distance to the glass transition temperature of the solution. Thus, the friction of the PS in DEP solutions can be attributed to the friction of blobs on the surface, rather than to the existence of a depletion layer.We directly observed the solid / polymer solution interface thanks to neutron reflectivity: these experiments reveal the formation of an adsorbed polymer layer and we could measure its concentration profile close to the solid wall. The interdigitation between volume and surface polymer chains plays a key role in the slippage of the solutions
Lanoye, Emma. "Une modélisation de l'endommagement et du glissement avec frottement dans les matériaux quasi-fragiles." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10187/document.
Full textUnder loading, materials called 'quasi-brittle' as concrete and many rocks often exhibit progressive loss of stiffness, as well as anisotropic behavior, and asymmetric hysteretic. It is now widely accepted that this behavior highly nonlinear and complex, is mainly related to the creation, development and set of opening and closing of microcracks accompanied networks and sliding friction between the lips of microdefects in contact. In the context of a serious industrial use, the construction of a damage model simple, thermodynamically and mathematically reliable and providing an appropriate response for quasi-brittle materials until the onset of localization damage, is currently an important issue. It is indeed a necessary step before adequately modelling behavior to the ruin of many civil engineering works. The objective of this thesis is to improve the predictive capabilities of an existing simple model of damage by microcracking which takes into account unilateral effects related to the opening and closing of microcracks. The new approach is based on the introduction of a second dissipative phenomenon may be induced when closing microdefects: frictional sliding of the lips of microcracks. Modeling of this new dissipative mechanism occurs at the macroscopic scale by only referring to the lower scale or the results of the micro environments that microcracked to interpret or justify certain assumptions. Particular attention is paid to the continuous differentiability of the thermodynamic potential proposed. The study and simulation of various tests enable to illustrate the relevance of the choices made
Chevallier, Gaël. "Etude des variations de broutement provoquées par le frottement sec : application aux systèmes d'embrayage." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066279.
Full textSassi, William. "Analyse numérique de la déformation cassante : introduction de paramètres physiques dans l'analyse de failles striées : simulation numérique par la méthode aux éléments distincts." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112227.
Full textTwo independent approaches about problems of brittle deformation analysis in structural geology are investigated. Deformation process considered here is frictional sliding on preexisting sets of faults. Numerical analysis of striated fault planes is discussed in the first part. A property of the mechanical E. Carey and B. Brunier's model, sometimes available on data set, can be used as a first graphical determination of principal stress directions and shape factor. Heterogeneous data sets can be studied by the introduction of weight factors in the iterative regression. The model's applicability limits are analyzed by considering the mechanical aspect of sliding failure on preexisting faults. Empirical laws such as Mohr-Coulomb linear law, improve the physical reliability of a result obtained by E. Carey's numerical method. Nevertheless, paleo-stress quantification still remains a difficult problem. Thus, use of those compatibility criteria should be integrated to analyze both striated fault planes and focal mechanisms. Stress/strain relationships in discontinuous media are illustrated in the second part through a numerical simulating model: Universal Distinct-Element-Code. The modelling concerns two dimensional block structures. This program is applied to several examples (stress patterns in discontinuous elastic rockmass and volcano structure deformation). It can be used in various tectonic settings in order to quantify deformational analysis
Borsotto, Bastien. "Modélisation, identification et commande d’un organe de friction : application au contrôle d’un système d’embrayage et au filtrage d’acyclismes par glissement piloté." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112062.
Full textIn an internal combustion engine, cylinders explosions create an engine torque chattered by harmonic components called acyclic phenomena. For low velocities, the propagation of these harmonic components across the vehicle kinematics chain (clutch, gearbox, transmission) can introduce vibro-acoustical nuisances. To reject them, a filtering method is considered using the clutch system, by controlling the disks relative behaviour in slipping phases. This idea is “sliding control”. To control the clutch system in such a way, it is important to get a fine model of its behaviour, starting from friction phenomena properties. Thus, the main friction models, as well as parameters identification methods and their related experimental conditions, have been studied. A mechanical benchmark, allowing friction material characterization, has been built. Experimental measurements have led to friction models matching the specific behaviour of the clutch disks used on vehicles. Finally, based on the designed clutch model, the control structure is synthesized following a multi-stage approach: determination of the general structure well suited to the problem, fine regulator tuning, robustness analysis of the closed loop system, and retuning of the control law if necessary. Performances offered by the sliding control solution are finally much than satisfactory in simulation as well as for real tests on vehicle
Kaiser, Anne-Laure. "Caractérisations tribologiques d'un acier inoxydable y sollicité en impacts-glissement dans un environnement sévère." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2005. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/TH_T2055_alkaiser.pdf.
Full textSpecific wear of rod cluster control assemblies in pressurized water nuclear reactor (PWR) results from contacts with their guides due to flow-induced vibration. Particular sliding impact contact conditions and specific environment in PWR coupling temperature and solution chemistry involve original mechanism of wear (high wear kinetics, particular wear scars made of numerous indent-like marks with no apparent work hardening in subsurface). Specific tribometers has been developed to reproduce sliding-impacts kinematics in conditions simulating the primary PWR coolant. Primary, a mechanical model of the specific test bench associated to a theorical analysis of sliding impacts lead to determine that asperity stiffnesses control the contact (duration of sliding-impact). Numerous and various wear tests were realized in order to study the influence of the sliding-impact parameters on wear loss and wear facies. An analogy with erosion was done and critical conditions concerning friction coefficient and incidence angle values leading to no wear were found. At least, some surface and subsurface characterizations reveal the presence of a microscopic work hardening under worn surfaces and the existence of singular foliated zones. Thanks to all this work, a mechanical interpretation of indent-like marks formation is proposed
Peyret, Nicolas. "Dissipation de l'énergie mécanique dans les assemblages : effet du frottement en sollicitation dynamique." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00749730.
Full textSahli, Riad. "Mise en glissement des interfaces multicontacts élastomères : étude expérimentale par visualisation in situ." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEC012/document.
Full textThe onset of sliding of a contact interface is a phenomenon the space-time dynamics of which are still poorly understood. In this thesis, we have developed and implemented an original experimental device allowing us to visualize in situ the local phenomena involved during the onset of sliding of rough elastomer interfaces, with a good temporal resolution. We have shown a strong reduction of the real contact area within a sheared contact interface, well before the beginning of macroscopic sliding. This reduction affects the value of the static friction force of the interface. We have shown that the parameter that quantifies the amplitude of the reduction obeys a well-defined scaling law ranging from millimetric mono-contacts to the micrometric junctions involved in rough interfaces. We have then shown that the shear strength of an interface is not a constant for a couple of materials in contact. Indeed, by systematically changing the thickness of an elastic coating on one of the bodies in contact, we could vary the value of the shear strength by a factor three. This effect is interpreted semi-quantitatively via a model incorporating dissipation both at the interface and in the bulk of the materials. We have finally shown that the space-time dynamics of the onset of sliding is influenced by the torque applied to the interface by the friction force, when the latter is not exerted in the plane of the interface. In particular, via a digital image correlation-based measurement, we performed the first quantitative comparison with a recent model describing this torque effect
Luo, Dabing. "Selection of coatings for tribological applications." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ECDL0017.
Full textLes revêtements sont souvent utilisés pour réduire le frottement et protéger les surfaces contre l’usure. Cependant, choisir le revêtement approprié pour une application tribologique donnée est toujours compliqué pare que la réponse tribologique d’un système revêtu dépend de beaucoup trop de facteurs. Les objectifs de cette thèse sont de développer un outil de pré-sélection de revêtements, et de proposer quelques approches permettant d’évaluer et de comparer des revêtements. Basé sur l’étude de la littérature et sur trois études de cas tribologiques, un outil de pré-sélection est développé, en considérant tous les aspects des exigences requises et des limites d’application et caractéristiques des revêtements. Deux études expérimentales sont ensuite effectuées. Un revêtement de MoS2 pulvérisé sous pression est examiné dans trois différentes configurations d’essai pour identifier l’effet des conditions d’essai sur sa performance tribologique. La durée de vie de ce revêtement peut être prévue par les courbes maîtresses basées sur l’énergie dissipée. Cinq revêtements de type vernis de glissement sont également étudiés par des techniques simples d’évaluation et par des essais de fretting. Les performances tribologiques de revêtements dépendent de leur propriétés, et les techniques simples dévaluation peuvent être utilisées pour éliminer de mauvais revêtements, lors du processus de choix. Les performances tribologiques des revêtements sont évaluées en comparant les courbes maîtresses reliant durée de vie et énergie dissipée. Le meilleur revêtement peut alors être choisi, en comparant synthétiquement les revêtements selon divers aspects dans un diagramme polaire
Lakhal, Abderrahman. "Modélisation mathématique du contact unilatéral avec frottement en dynamique : application aux problèmes d'impact et de glissement en mécanique des roches." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10218.
Full textDumaine, Laurent. "Corrélation entre les propriétés physico-chimiques de polymères permettant de moduler la prolifération cellulaire et celles permettant de favoriser le glissement de lentilles intraoculaires." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2004. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/ldumaine.pdf.
Full textLens epithelial cells remaining in the capsular bag after cataract surgery can generate a secondary cataract. This pathology induces a new loss of visual acuity. The physico-chemical characterization of the intraocular lenses surfaces and the study of the cellular response on these materials allowed us to determine parameters to modulate the cellular proliferation : hydrophilic/hydrophobic ratio, electrical properties and polymeric chain mobility. Corneal Industrie developed an injector in order to decrease injection risles due to surgeors gestures during the cataract surgery. However, a friction problem appears between the IOL and the injector. The parameters that play a role on the friction are : the components of the free surface energy, hydrophilic ratio, polymeric chain mobility for the injector and lthe basic component of the free surface energy for the IOL
Chiza, Albert. "Détermination du coefficient de frottement pour les surfaces de contact métallisées dans les assemblages des ponts en acier." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/24444.
Full textThe slip resistance is a critical factor influencing high strength bolted joint behaviour in steel structures under repeated loading. The surface condition of the connected steel components, also known as the faying surface, controls the level of the slip resistance. Design standards, such as the Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code CAN/CSA S6-06 (CSA 2006) and the American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC 2010) specifications, specify desired conditions for faying surfaces and associated slip coefficients for design purposes. Currently, these standards do not address faying surface conditions that are completely metallized or that have one connected face metallized and the other face galvanized (hereafter referred to as galvanized-metallized faying surfaces), although steel bridge components are widely metallized or galvanized to provide long-term protection against wear and corrosion. This compels steel bridge fabricators to mask off all faying surfaces before metallizing, a practice that is labour-intensive, costly and time-consuming. In this study, the resistance of slip-critical joints in steel bridges with metallized and galvanized-metallized faying surfaces are characterized in the light of the CAN/CSA-S6-06 standard. The mean slip coefficient is determined from a compression and tension test regimes. These tests revealed much greater slip resistance for metallized faying surfaces than the typical uncoated blast-cleaned surface. For the metallized-galvanized surfaces, the mean slip coefficients were found to be much greater than that for galvanized surfaces and, in the majority of cases, also greater than the uncoated blast-cleaned surface. Keywords: steel bridge construction, galvanization, metallization, slip-critical bolted joints, slip resistance, design standards.
Peyret, Nicolas. "Dissipation de l’énergie mécanique dans les assemblages : effet du frottement en sollicitation dynamique." Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST1052/document.
Full textThis thesis presents a study of damping in assembled structures, or, more precisely, a study of the vibrations of assemblies under external excitations. The paper contains five chapters examining this problem from both analytical and experimental viewpoints. An academic investigation is presented as a foundation in order to study assemblies both under constant normal stresses (static), and under tangential stresses linked to the structural vibrations (dynamic). The loss factor that characterizes the damping of the structure is obtained through a quasi-static local study. Then, a dissipation function is given, which allows the refinement of the damping model through a global dynamic study. An experimental analysis is undertaken to examine the results obtained by the modeling. The objective of this analysis is to isolate the effects, at the structural damping, of partial sliding in the assemblies. To isolate these effects, two structures identical in shape and material, one assembled and one uniform, are studied. The data collected from the interfaces are analyzed, and then compared to the analytical results. In order to simulate these effects with greater precision, a modeling is undertaken that takes into account the defects of form for the surfaces in contact
Diss, Pascal. "Etude des mécanismes physiques et physico-chimiques fonction de la vitesse de glissement dans un tribocontact sec graphite-acier : conséquences pour la force de frottement et la topographie du 3ème corps." Mulhouse, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MULH0469.
Full textChambon, Guillaume. "Caractérisation expérimentale du frottement effectif des zones de faille." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006613.
Full textAmpuero, Jean-Paul. "Étude physique et numérique de la nucléation des séismes." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077005.
Full textHannel, Sophie. "Sur l'importance de la transition de glissement en fretting pour la connectique." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ECDL0027.
Full textOn all mobile electronic devices, vibrations lead to fretting stresses on electrical connectors contacts. Resulting contact damages hinder the current flow. The main result of this research is the correlation between the electrical behaviour and the fretting sliding condition : for oxygen sensitive materials such as bronze or tin, a partial slip condition guarantees a low and stable electrical resistance, whereas a gross slip condition leads to an irreversible increase and a strong instability of contact résistance. For oxygen insensitive materials such as gold or silver, the electrical behaviour is conditioned by substrate exposure which sooner or later occurs in gross slip. The technological interest lies in the demonstration of a threshold in relative displacement for a satisfactory electrical behaviour. In order to calculate this threshold and thus anticipate the contacts electrical behaviour, a mechanical analysis using 2D finite element modelling of the elastic plastic contact is applied to the experimental bronze/bronze contact. The experimental determination of a relevant friction coefficient, essential input parameter for the efficiency of the model, required an analysis the results of which might be extended to any contact situation involving intense adhesion and plastic deformation. The analysis consists in separating the friction coefficient from obstacle effects and plastic shearing of the interface. Thanks to this analysis, the calculated relative displacement at transition corresponds to that measured in experiments. This experimental validation of the model opens the way to a predictive analysis of the connectors electrical behaviour
Wolf, Sylvie. "Interaction des failles sismiques : modélisation mathématique et numérique de l'instabilité du glissement." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00744990.
Full textGrossiord, Carol. "Mécanismes tribochimiques de réduction du frottement limite : Cas des additifs au molybdène." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ECDL0011.
Full textSome parts of automotive engines are submitted to hard friction and wear (cam/tappet, ring/sleeve). This affects engine efficiency and life. This is why specific additives have been developed in order to bring antiwear and "friction-reducing properties to engine lubricants. These additives act by building up a reaction film (so-called tribofilm) on the metallic surfaces. This tribofilm reduces friction between the two surfaces and protects them from wear. Zinc dithiophosphate (Zndtp) is commonly used because of its antiwear properties. Molybdenum dithiocarbamate (Modtc) forms a tribofilm which is able to reduce friction significantly. Molybdenum dithiophosphate (Modtp) is known to act on both friction and wear. In order to respect anti-pollution norms (decrease of phosphorous rate) the petroleum industry has had to study additive combinations like Modtc/Zndtp. In order to understand the origin of the properties of additives and their mechanisms of action, we have developed an experimental process based on simulating the "instantaneous" traditional lubricated contact by a contact in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV). The first step is the formation of the tribofilm by a friction test in a lubricated environment. Then, in a UHV chamber, the tribofilm is submitted to the friction of a steel pin. After the test, the surfaces are separated and the wear scars on the friction surfaces are analyzed by AES, XPS and SAM. The formation of MoS2 from molybdenum additives was shown during both the lubricated and the UHV friction tests. On the one hand, the tribofilm contains single flexible sheets of MoS2 highly dispersed in an amorphous matrix. On the other hand, in UHV, very low friction is associated to the presence in the contact of a few monolayers of MoS2. Studying the transfer film present on the pin after the friction test, has revealed the role of phosphates and sulfides in the reduction of friction. Some of the reaction mechanisms of transfer can be explained on the basis of the chemical hardness principle. The acidity and basicity, hardness and softness of the chemical species present in the tribofilm determine the chemical reactions inside the contact zone and the behavior of the additives under friction. A high value friction coefficient is associated to a reaction between the phosphates of the tribofilm and the native iron oxide on the pin. A second reaction takes place between the metallic nascent surface on the pin and the MoS2 created under friction. The friction coefficient is then lower than 0. 05
Nguyen, Quoc Lan. "Instabilités liées au frottement des solides élastiques : modélisation de l'initiation des séismes." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10016.
Full textBikong, Christian. "Etude micromécanique de l’endommagement anisotrope des géomatériaux hétérogènes." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10171/document.
Full textTo guarantee the performance and safety of a deep underground reposal for nuclear wastes, the long-term behavior of the rock host must be characterized. Generally the heterogeneity of the rock highly affects his properties. Therefore the long-term analysis of the rock behavior under different coupled loading conditions must be made for a heterogeneous material. From the experimental observations, microcracks growth plays an important role on the rock deformation. The objective of this thesis is to study, in the field of micromechanics, the induced anisotropic damage behavior of the Callovo-oxfordian claystone. We put for this study an emphasis on the delayed induced damage by subcritical crack growth. To take in to account the complex microstructure of the heterogeneous rock, the macroscopic nonlinear mechanic behavior is derived by nonlinear homogenization with multiple steps of separated scales. Firstly a model is built for the delayed anisotropic damage for the case of open microcrack and frictionless microcrack. Then a full study is performed for the instantaneous damage and delayed damage in the case of close microcracks with sliding friction. We take advantage of the frame of thermodynamics of irreversible process, for the writing of criterion and evolution law of the damage variables and the inelastic strain. Following the capacity analysis of all our built-model, a first validation is made by comparison with experimental data
Adjadj, Philippe. "Influence du milieu cryotechnique sur le comportement tribologique des materiaux heterogenes : etude en glissement sec dans l'azote liquide." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066004.
Full textGadaud, Pascal. "Etude par frottement interieur haute temperature des defauts structuraux dans le silicium monocristallin." Poitiers, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987POIT2273.
Full textUral, Aydemir Güralp. "Performance en frottement de composites alumine-métal avec ou sans nanotubes de carbone densifiés par frittage flash : identification des conditions de grippage et des mécanismes d’usure." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPT0015/document.
Full textAlumina matrix composites containing metal nanoparticles (Fe or FeCr) with or without carbon nanotubes (CNT) densified by spark plasma sintering (SPS) were studied under low amplitude oscillating friction conditions (fretting-wear) and reciprocating sliding. A free displacement fretting machine was used to enable contact materials to adapt freely to simulate and identify the seizure phenomenon under different loading conditions (constant, progressive, with or without contact aperture). Parametric modeling has helped to define precisely friction coefficients, seizure thresholds and dissipated energy in the contact. The results are very similar at low loads, but there is always a sharp transition at higher loads leading to severe degradation of composites with CNT just before an early seizure. An acquisition instrument of acoustic emission has been used during several tests to identify and monitor in situ different stages of degradation observed during friction. Additional tests under reciprocating sliding with imposed displacements have also been made for further understanding of wear behavior of composites. The overall results of fretting and reciprocating sliding helped to prioritize the tribological performances of different composites and lead to identify changes in wear mechanisms in relation with occurrence of a tribofilm in the contact interface
Falk, Kerstin. "Étude théorique et simulations de dynamique moléculaire du frottement liquide/solide dans des nanopores à base de graphite : rôle de la courbure dans le transport rapide des fluides à l'intérieur des nanotubes de carbone." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00755026.
Full textBarboza, Josué Aristide Paul. "Traitement de contact entre corps déformables et calcul parallèle pour la simulation 3D du forgeage multicorps." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001359.
Full textJones, Logan. "Modélisation des forces de contact entre le pneu d’un avion et la piste." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ESAE0019/document.
Full textAs an aircraft lands on a runway, the principal force acting to stop the aircraft within the confines of the runway is generated by the brakes. The brakes cause the tire’s rotational speed to slow down with regards to the aircraft’s speed over the ground. This difference in speed causes friction and it is this friction that is the principal force to stop the aircraft. In order to be able to estimate the stopping distance of an aircraft an understanding of this friction is essential. Traditionally, aircraft manufactures have relied on simplistic, empirically derived friction models. However, these empirical models cannot estimate the influence of several key factors that are known (scientifically) to affect friction such as the rubber temperature, the runway texture, the ambient air temperature and the rubber composition to name a few. This PhD work aims to develop a frictional model that can be used to estimate the friction developed between an aircraft tire and the runway. A model commonly known as the Brush Model, is derived for usewith aircraft tires and runways. The underlying physics of this model are developed using the established scientific theories of tribology, material science and strength of materials. Coordination with several research institutes provides experimental results to reinforce the model. The model is then compared with flight test results obtained from a partnership with Airbus OperationsS.A.S. The PhD works demonstrates the entire validation process from flight test data cleaning, the derivation of a curve-fitting algorithm and the matching of derived model with the flight test data. The modeling has shown very encouraging results. It allows for a much deeper understanding of the environmental effects on friction. This PhD work has greatly improved the fundamental understanding of friction and will serve as a base for future works with Airbus
Cullaz, Etienne. "Modélisation de l’endommagement des guidages d’un pendule centrifuge." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLC008.
Full textThe development of more fuel efficient engines results in an increase in the vibration levels. To solve this, Valeo is developing a new system: the centrifugal pendulum. This PhD research thesis registered as a contribution to the system development phase. The objective is to realize a predimensioning tool in order to model the wear of a centrifugal pendulum. A first experimental study shows the feasibility of monitoring the mechanical system through the use of dynamic imaging. Materials characterization tests of the various system components complete the study. The experimental work carried out using a twin-disc tribometer provides the friction laws versus sliding rate and their sensitivity to surface condition, processing and loading. A theoretical model for determining sliding values is then proposed to take into account the different pendulum geometries. Finally, the perpectives of industrialization are considered with a parametric study on the real system for a sizing purpose and an endurance study to model the wear of the system
Conrad, Guillaume. "Friction statique et dynamique sous cisaillement oscillatoire ultrasonore." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1069/document.
Full textThe aim of this work is to bring new insights to the understanding of the interaction between high frequency tangential vibrations and the macroscopic triggering of sliding, as well as the subsequent frictional dynamics. This experimental work is based on a method that allows studying, at ultrasonic frequencies, the elastic and dissipative characteristics of sphere-plane contacts, in linear and non-linear regimes. The method relies on the measurement of the resonance frequency and the quality factor of a quartz, which are modified by the mechanical contact with a probe. The sliding threshold is adjusted by the control of the molecular nature of the frictional interface, which can be either grafted or spin-coated onto the quartz. We first characterize the physical and mechanical properties of the various interfaces in the linear regime. Then, we study the effects of the oscillation amplitude on the angle of repose of the probe in contact with the quartz which is grafted with monolayers of high and low adhesion energy. When the oscillation amplitude increases, the angle of repose decreases whatever the polarisation of the vibrations. The vibrations shall decrease the effective surface area on which the static stress applies, which decreases the static force at the threshold. We discuss the results within the framework of the Mindlin model, which suggests that the oscillatory energy could play the role of an effective temperature in a jamming diagram. In the last part of the work, we study the response of the mechanical contact at very high amplitudes. We observe a micro-slip regime beyond the Mindlin limit, where the behaviour of the contact oscillates between partial and full microslip, leading eventually to interfacial fracture. When the probe is sliding on the incline at constant velocity, the high frequency vibrations increase the sliding velocity. In the case of a macromolecular interfacial film, we propose a possible explanation for this effect, based on a mechanism at the local scale
Kogevnikov, Ivan. "Modélisation des systèmes de dimension infinie - Application à la dynamique des pneumatiques." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001850.
Full textFalk, Kerstin. "The molecular origin of fast fluid transport in carbon nanotubes : theoretical and molecular dynamics study of liquid/solid friction in graphitic nanopores." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10167/document.
Full textWithin the scope of this thesis, a theoretical study of liquid flow in graphitic nanopores was performed. More precisely, a combination of numerical simulations and analytic approach was used to establish the special properties of carbon nanotubes for fluid transport: Molecular dynamics flow simulations of different liquids in carbon nanotubes exhibited flow velocities that are 1-3 orders of magnitude higher than predicted from the continuum hydrodynamics framework and the no-slip boundary condition. These results support previous experiments performed by several groups reporting exceptionally high flow rates for water in carbon nanotube membranes. The reason for this important flow enhancement with respect to the expectation was so far unclear. In this work, a careful investigation of the water/graphite friction coefficient which we identified as the crucial parameter for fast liquid transport in the considered systems was carried out. In simulations, the friction coefficient was found to be very sensitive to wall curvature: friction is independent of confinement for water between at graphene walls with zero curvature, while it increases with increasing negative curvature (water at the outside of the tube), and it decreases with increasing positive curvature (water inside the tube), eventually leading to quasi frictionless flow for water in a single file configuration in the smallest tubes. A similar behaviour was moreover found with several other liquids, such as alcohol, alcane and OMCTS. urthermore, a theoretical approximate expression for the friction coefficient is presented which predicts qualitatively and semi-quantitatively its curvature dependent behavior. Moreover, a deeper analysis of the simulations according to the proposed theoretical description shed light on the physical mechanisms at the origin of the ultra low liquid/solid friction in carbon nanotubes. In fine, it is due to their perfectly ordered molecular structure and their atomically smooth surface that carbon nanotubes are quasi-perfect liquid conductors compared to other membrane pores like, for example, nanochannels in amorphous silica. The newly gained understanding constitutes an important validation that carbon nanotubes operate as fast transporters of various liquids which makes them a promising option for different applications like energy conversion or filtration on the molecular level
Yang, Jiao. "On the use of statistical analysis for tribological evaluation of a solid lubricant." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00961285.
Full textSiavelis, Maximilien. "Modélisation numérique X-FEM de grands glissements avec frottement le long d'un réseau de discontinuités." Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ECDN0022.
Full textThe topic of this thesis is the modeling of geological faults. The main motivation is to release the difficulty of meshing that should normally comply to different kind of discontinuities (faults and layers) of the model. We present the development carried out to take advantage of the X-FEM approach in simplifying the meshing of geostructures. After a bibliography of the X-FEM, we present some improvements for fault network modeling with opening kinematical modes. An X-FEM approach for junction modeling is extended in order to represent complex 3D geometries with junctions between faults. Solutions are proposed and discussed to solve some matrix conditioning problems with X-FEM. A bibliographic presentation of contact-friction with X-FEM is exposed and we describe the work done on that matter for fault modeling. The main difficulty is to solve problems related to contact within the classical finite element method framework as well as specific problems related to X-FEM, in particular the satisfaction of the LBB condition. We present extensions and improvements of contact modeling with X-FEM in order to model contact-friction with large sliding in 3D fault networks. The contact at the junction is also discussed. To verify the robustness of the method, implemented algorithms are tested on tectonic sedimentary basin models or reservoirs. An inverse problem which reduces the uncertainty of the initial model thanks to existing observations illustrates the advantage of X-FEM as well as the advantage of locating faults with level sets. At the end of the document, some perspectives are proposed. It would be interesting to take into account microstructures development in the geologic reservoirs, like diffuse fractures, by means of specific behavior laws and also to study fault propagation as well as layer discontinuities
Patrice, Estellé. "Méthodes d'analyse inverse des données d'écoulement de compression de fluides complexes homogènes." Phd thesis, INSA de Rennes, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00642094.
Full textEstellé, Patrice. "Méthodes d'analyse inverse des données d'écoulement de compression de fluides complexes homogènes." Rennes, INSA, 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00642094.
Full textAn inverse identification method devoted to the squeeze flow data of yield stress homogeneous fluids is developed. From this method, an instantaneous average strain rate is calculated, and an equivalent stress-strain state of the squeezed fluid is specified at every time of the test. The inverse analysis proceeds by step-by-step computation and iterative calculation. This analysis leads to flow curve estimation under no-slip and slip/partial slip with friction conditions. Algorithms are first tested and validated on simulated data of complex fluids in sticking and slipping squeeze flow. Algorithms are finally used to rightly identify rheological and tribological properties of several fluids
Borsotto, Bastien. "Modélisation, Identification et commande d'un organe de friction Application au contrôle d'un système d'embrayage et au filtrage d'acyclismes par glissement piloté." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00350533.
Full textMounajed, Ghassan. "La modélisation de la maçonnerie armée par la méthode des éléments finis. Application aux maçonneries de petits éléments creux." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1992. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529510.
Full textVouaillat, Guillaume. "Analyse de la fatigue de contact d'engrenages aéronautiques." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI035.
Full textGears and rolling elements that are parts of transmissions are sometimes subjected to rolling contact fatigue failures as micro-pitting. It usually results from a lubrication loss or an uncontrolled surface finishing. First layers of the material are consequently overstressed. Microscopic material wrenching then occurs and is called micro-pitting. Such transmission parts failures may potentially lead to the whole system dysfunction. Several studies have already been performed in the literature concerning this topic. However, few of them take into account both surface roughness and material microstructure analyses which impact rolling contact fatigue mechanisms. Thus, a model with those characteristics is developed from literature theories and tools and presented in this thesis. A parametrical study is then conducted so as to estimate the influence of specific contact parameters (among sliding, friction, pressure and roughness) on three fatigue criteria results. However the use of an additional criterion is necessary in order to give more accurate conclusions. Intergranular shear stresses are subsequently studied and make the analysis of the complete stress history possible. Moreover, a life expectancy to micro-cracks nucleation is computed. An identification of sliding-linked local shear stress oscillations which result from successive rough peaks passing over the material surface is also made. Finally, numerical results are compared to an experimental investigation conducted on FZG-type gears. The most at risk areas regarding micropitting in the relevant applications are thus identified among the addendum, the dedendum and the pitch
Al, Hayari Mohamed. "Une détermination des caractéristiques mécaniques résiduelles de versants naturels : méthodes à l'équilibre limite et des éléments finis." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1989. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00682817.
Full textIhsan, Mohammad. "Analysis of the stability of slopes submitted to water infiltration using advanced models : coupled hydromechanical model and Nonlinear Dynamics Method." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10091/document.
Full textThis research concerns analysis of landslides, which constitute a major natural risk responsible for high human losses as well as large damages to structures, infrastructure and natural environment. This issue becomes particularly important, because of the climate change, which increases the risk of heavy rains as well as severe drought and consequently the risk of slope instability due to the environment change. Generally, analysis of slope stability is conducted using the limit equilibrium theory. As this theory does not take into consideration the process of mobilization of the friction, it could lead to an overestimation of the safety factor. A reliable analysis of the slope stability, in particular in heterogeneous soils submitted to the water action, requires the use of advanced numerical methods. Two methods were used in this research: the coupled hydro-mechanical method and the nonlinear dynamic method