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Journal articles on the topic "Frozen foods – Evaluation – Case studies"
1
Malimon, Z. V., М. D. Kukhtyn, and Y. B. Perkiy. "Toxic and biological evaluation of frozen fish meat in the presence of antibi-otic residues." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 20, no. 92 (December 10, 2018): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet9226.
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Nowadays antimicrobial drugs of different pharmacologic classes are widely used in aquaculture all over the world. Therefore, in accordance with EU Regulation 37/2010 “On pharmacologically active substances and their classification in regard to maximum allowable amounts in nourishing food of animal origin”, there are certain amount of antimicrobial drugs acceptable in fish. The aim of the work was to determine toxico-biological assessment of flesh of frozen fish where there are residues of antimicrobial drugs on the culture of infusorias Tetrachymena pyriformis. The availability of residual amounts of antimicrobial drugs was carried out by screening method for antibiotics in products of animal origin РХ/МС/МС and microbiological method. Toxico-biological assessment of flesh of frozen fish was determined in accordance with “Methodological recommendations on toxico-biological assessment of flesh, flesh products and milk with infusoria Tetrachymena pyriformis”. It was found that samples of frozen fish containing residues of antimicrobial drugs of aminoglycosides, penicillic and fluoroquinolonic class were not toxic for Tetrachymena pyriformis cultures. Since infusorias were active, natural movement – progressive and circular, inhibition of growth or change of body shape were not showed compared to infusorias within control group. It was shown that in the fish flesh with residues of tetracycline antibiotics, there was observed the inhibition of growth and decreased activity and mobility of infusorias Tetrachymena pyriformis up to 20% compared to control without antibiotics. However, unnatural movements (affected or oscillatory) and pathological changes in the shape of infusoria cultures were not detected. This flesh fish was characterized as moderate toxic. It was stated that relative biological value of frozen fish flesh with antibiotic residues of aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolonic class was lower by 0,27–0,73% compared to relative biological value of control fish flesh without antibiotics. At the same time relative biological value of fish flesh with the presence of residues of tetracycline antibiotics was by 4.12% lower compared to control fish flesh. Consequently, conducted studies indicate the need to control the residues of antimicrobial drugs in frozen fish which is imported to Ukraine. In case of detection the exceeding permissible amount of antibiotic residues in frozen fish it should be discarded, as it exhibits a moderately toxic effect.
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Neri, Lilia, Marco Faieta, Carla Di Mattia, Giampiero Sacchetti, Dino Mastrocola, and Paola Pittia. "Antioxidant Activity in Frozen Plant Foods: Effect of Cryoprotectants, Freezing Process and Frozen Storage." Foods 9, no. 12 (December 17, 2020): 1886. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9121886.
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The antioxidant activity (AOA) of plant foods is recognized as an index of the potential health benefits resulting from their consumption. Due to their high perishability and seasonality, plant foods are largely consumed or used as processed products and freezing is one of the technologies used for the production of high-quality foods. However, cell breakages occurring during freezing and frozen storage can lead to the release of antioxidant compounds and their degradation due to chemical and enzymatic oxidation reactions, and thus, they could present a lower antioxidant activity compared to the corresponding fresh product. In this context, process conditions, freezing pre-treatments and the use of cryoprotectants can limit the extent of freeze-induced damages and preserve the antioxidant activity of plant foods. This review collects and discusses the state-of-the-art knowledge on the single and combined effect of freezing and frozen storage conditions on the antioxidant activity of fruits and vegetables as well as the role of cryoprotectants. Classes of compounds responsible for the antioxidant activity of plant foods and the most common methods used for the evaluation of the antioxidant activity in vitro are also presented. The freezing principles and the effects of ice nucleation and crystallization on fruits, vegetables and their main derivatives (juices, pulps) have been addressed to highlight their impact on the AOA of plant foods. The effect of freezing and frozen storage on the AOA of plant foods resulted dependant on a series of intrinsic factors (e.g., composition and structure), while the role of extrinsic processing-related factors, such as freezing and storage temperatures, is ambiguous. In particular, many conflicting results are reported in the literature with a high variability depending on the method of analysis used for the AOA evaluation and data expression (fresh or dry weight). Other intrinsic raw material properties (e.g., cultivar, ripening degree), post-harvest conditions, as well as defrosting methods that in the majority of the studies are scarcely reported, contribute to the aforementioned discrepancies. Finally, due to the limited number of studies reported in the literature and the high variability in product processing, the effect of cryoprotectants on the AOA of plant foods remains unclear.
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SKALA, J. H., E. L. McGOWN, and P. P. WARING. "Wholesomeness of Irradiated Foods." Journal of Food Protection 50, no. 2 (February 1, 1987): 150–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-50.2.150.
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The history and applications of food irradiation are reviewed. The term wholesomeness when applied to food irradiation, embodies the concepts of microbiological and toxicological safety, and nutritional adequacy. The status of these areas of concern is reviewed. Nutritional studies have addressed the effects of irradiation on nutrient content and bioavailability, and evaluation of potential consequences of changes in either. Results of rat studies are presented in which we tested for the presence of anti-thiamin and anti-pyridoxine activity in radappertized chicken and beef. Test meats were analyzed for thiamin and pyridoxine to establish a basis for incorporation into repletion diets. Thiamin levels in gamma- and electron-irradiated, and thermally processed (commercial canning) chicken were 74, 34 and 78%, respectively, of the vitamin level in a frozen meat reference; the levels in beef were 77, 56 and 79%, respectively. Pyridoxine levels in chicken were 50, 38 and 17%, respectively, of the reference level. Rats were depleted in each vitamin, then repleted at two vitamin levels with diets containing test meats. Activities of transketolase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in erythrocytes from these rats provided no consistent evidence of antivitamin presence. It was concluded that these irradiated meats pose no problem regarding vitamins B1 and B6 if part of a complete diet.
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Yasmin, Nusrat, Mahjabeen Saleem, Mamoona Naz, Roquyya Gul, and Hafiz Muzzammel Rehman. "Molecular Characterization, Structural Modeling, and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Basrai Thaumatin-Like Protein against Fungal Infection." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5046451.
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A thaumatin-like protein gene from Basrai banana was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. Amplified gene product was cloned into pTZ57R/T vector and subcloned into expression vector pET22b(+) and resulting pET22b-basrai TLP construct was introduced into E. coli BL21. Maximum protein expression was obtained at 0.7 mM IPTG concentration after 6 hours at 37°C. Western blot analysis showed the presence of approximately 20 kDa protein in induced cells. Basrai antifungal TLP was tried as pharmacological agent against fungal disease. Independently Basrai antifungal protein and amphotericin B exhibited their antifungal activity against A. fumigatus; however combined effect of both agents maximized activity against the pathogen. Docking studies were performed to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of TLP against A. fumigatus by probing binding pattern of antifungal protein with plasma membrane ergosterol of targeted fungal strain. Ice crystallization primarily damages frozen food items; however addition of antifreeze proteins limits the growth of ice crystal in frozen foods. The potential of Basrai TLP protein, as an antifreezing agent, in controlling the ice crystal formation in frozen yogurt was also studied. The scope of this study ranges from cost effective production of pharmaceutics to antifreezing and food preserving agent as well as other real life applications.
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W. Romanowski, Mateusz, Michał Dwornik, Anna Kwaśniewska, Katarzyna Nowacka, and Włodzimierz Samborski. "Evaluation of the impact of osteopathic techniques and physical exercises on the range of motion and sensation of pain in the frozen shoulder - a case report." BÓL 17, no. 4 (January 6, 2017): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0009.7385.
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ABSTRACT: This research presents the case of a patient with a frozen shoulder and assesses the impact of osteopathic techniques and physical exercises for this condition. The article describes the epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical symptoms and treatment options for frozen shoulder. It also contains information on how to conduct clinical tests and diagnosis of the adhesive capsulitis. We assessed the range of flexion, external rotation, internal rotation and the intensity of pain of the patients frozen shoulder. In this case study frozen shoulder developed typically, in three stages “freezing”, “frozen”, “thawing”. The treatment significantly increased the range of motion of the shoulder joint and reduced sensation of pain. The analysis shows that the osteopathic techniques and physical exercises are an effective form of rehabilitation and pain management. Further studies are needed in this area.
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Simeanu, Daniel, Andreea Catalina Nistor, Bogdan-Vlad Avarvarei, and Paul-Corneliu Boisteanu. "Chemical Composition and Nutritional Evaluation of Pasteurized Egg Melange." Revista de Chimie 70, no. 4 (May 15, 2019): 1390–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.19.4.7134.
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Egg is a basic foodstuff in many cultures and has a special place, also represent a rich source of nutrients such as, high quality proteins and a large variety of minerals and vitamins. The main derived products which are processed nowadays are dehydrated products (egg powder) and the liquid ones (refrigerated or frozen) as well as pasteurized egg m�lange which was the studied food in the current research. A number of 20 samples of egg m�lange were gathered from two different processing units. Samples were subjected to chemical analysis being determined content in water, dry matter, proteins, lipids, minerals, non-nitrogenous extractive substances, fatty acids and amino acids. Based on the obtained values was realised a nutritional evaluation for the analysed product by calculating the chemical indexes of essential amino acids (CI), essential amino acids index (EAAI), biological value (BV) and nutritional index (NI) for three categories of persons (children, young people and adults). The results of the current study showed the fact that chemically speaking, the analysed pasteurized egg m�lange presented values which were into the limits from literature; the analysed samples contented 75.59% water, 24.41% dry matter, 12.22% protein, 9.71% lipids, 0.99% total minerals, 1.48% non-nitrogenous extractive substances, 12.34 g/100 g content in amino acids (5.5 g/100 g essential amino acids) and 22.86 g/100 g lipids for polyunsaturated fatty acids. After nutritional evaluation of proteins from the studied food we observed that those ones had a very close value (EAA=50.77 g/16 g N) to the one of hen egg albumen (51.2 g/16 g N), value which is considered etalon. Calculus of some foresight indicators for nutritional value of proteins from studied egg m�lange showed the fact that this one could represent a good source of proteins and implicitly of essential amino acids for humans even if in children�s case the values were a little bit lower and two amino acids (tryptophan and leucine) were slightly limiting.
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Kudinov, Andrei A., Natalia Dementieva, Elena Nikitkina, Michail Atroshchenko, and Artem Musidray. "448 Late-breaking: GWAS analysis show QTL in horses which are characterized by sperm resistance to freezing." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_3 (December 2019): 119–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz258.247.
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Abstract Damaging effects of low temperatures on the functionality of sperm is well known. Stallion sperm cryoresistance has a high individual variability. The genetic basis of cryoresistance and its heritability are little studied. The aim of the study was to search for genome-wide associations with sperm motility after freezing. 96 sperm samples were collected. The collected sperm was diluted to a final concentration 100 mln/ml and frozen in 0.5 ml straws or 18–20 ml tubes. The evaluation of semen was carried out no earlier than 24 hours after freezing. Sperm motility was assessed by computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA). Genomic DNA was purified form semen samples and genotyped using Affymetrix Equine HD array. Genotypes quality control and association studies were performed in Plink 1.9 and EMMAX software respectively. Evaluation of sperm motility showed high individual variability in both total and progressive motility after freezing. Total motility varied from 0.5 to 92.5%, and progressive motility from 0.5 to 70.8%. Sufficient associations of PTF with SNP’s were detected on chromosome (Chr) 1 (P < 1.33e-09) and 4 (P < 2.00e-09). Found SNP’s were located in genes PAS domain-containing protein 3 (Chr1) and UBAP1-MVB12 (Chr4). Expression of these genes in human body was found in cerebrum and male genitals. Suggestive SNPs were found lying nearby to genes responsible for formation of cell wall and proteins affecting mitochondrial activity. Performed studies are presenting first step of understanding genetic background of cryoresistancy of semen in horses. Found markers could be used for selection of stallions based on cryopreservation ability. Authors acknowledge financial support from Russian Science Foundation, Grant No: 18-16-00071.
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Plesec, Thomas P., and Richard A. Prayson. "Frozen Section Discrepancy in the Evaluation of Central Nervous System Tumors." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 131, no. 10 (October 1, 2007): 1532–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2007-131-1532-fsdite.
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Abstract Context.—Frozen section (FS) evaluation of central nervous system (CNS) lesions provides an assessment of specimen adequacy and facilitates triage for ancillary studies. Frozen section also provides an accurate preliminary diagnosis; however, certain lesions are recognized to cause diagnostic challenges at FS. Objective.—To identify cases in which there was a discrepancy between the FS diagnosis and final diagnosis in the case to heighten awareness of common diagnostic pitfalls in surgical neuropathology. Design.—All CNS FS cases involving a tumor diagnosis at FS or permanent section (N = 2156) from September 1997 until June 2005 were retrospectively reviewed. Discrepancies between the FS and final diagnoses were identified. Results.—Of the 2156 cases identified, 57 (2.7%) discrepant diagnoses were found. Twelve (21.1%) of 57 discrepancies involved errors in classification of spindle cell lesions, most commonly confusing schwannomas or meningiomas with other lesions. Twelve (21.1%) of 57 cases involved errors in differentiating oligodendrogliomas from astrocytomas. Nine (15.8%) of 57 discrepancies involved errors in the diagnosis of CNS lymphoma. Eight (14.0%) of 57 cases involved errors in differentiating reactive from neoplastic processes, most frequently gliosis versus glioma. Four (7.0%) of 57 discrepancies involved errors in the overgrading of tumors. The remaining 12 (21.1%) of 57 cases included an assortment of other discrepancies. Conclusions.—Frozen section of CNS neoplastic processes can be highly accurate. Less than 3% of FS diagnoses in 1 institution's experience were discrepant with the final diagnoses. Approximately 80% of the discrepant cases were classified into 5 categories: spindle cell lesions, astrocytoma versus oligodendroglioma, differential diagnosis of CNS lymphoma, reactive versus neoplastic process, and tumor overgrading. Awareness of these pitfalls may help in further increasing diagnostic accuracy.
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Johnson, Ronald, John Mills, Jean-Louis Pittet, and Denise Hughes. "Comparative Evaluation of the VIDAS®Listeria monocytogenes Xpress (LMX) for the Detection of Listeria monocytogenes in a Variety of Foods." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 96, no. 2 (March 1, 2013): 229–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.govval03.
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Abstract The VIDAS® Listeria monocytogenes Xpress (LMX) test is an enzyme-linked fluorescent immunoassay designed for use with the automated VIDAS or mini-VIDAS instruments for the specific detection of L. monocytogenes using a 26 h proprietary enrichment broth. The VIDAS LMX method was validated according to harmonized AOAC Research Institute (RI) and Official Methods of Analysis guidelines in both the AOAC Performance Tested MethodSM (PTM) and GovVal programs. In the PTM comparison studies, the VIDAS LMX method was compared to the U. S. Department of Agriculture-Food Safety and Inspection Service Microbiology Laboratory Guidebook, the U. S. Food and Drug Administration Bacteriological Analytical Manual, and AOAC Official Methods. The comparative food studies consisted of two main parts: internal testing and AOAC independent laboratory testing, which included seven food matrixes (deli ham, processed cheese, vanilla ice cream, cooked shrimp, smoked white fish, frozen spinach, and peanut butter). As part of the AOAC RI GovVal program, the VIDAS LMX method was compared to the Health Canada MFHPB-30 method for the detection of L. monocytogenes in five ready-to-eat (RTE) meats (hot dogs, deli turkey, deli ham, fermented sausage, and liver paté). Twenty replicates of each inoculation level and five uninoculated controls were evaluated in each study. The LMX method also included the use of chromogenic media, chromID™ Ottaviani Agosti agar and chromID™ L. mono. agar, for confirmation of LMX presumptive results. In both the PTM and GovVal evaluations, there were no significant differences in the Chi-square values for the LMX method when compared to reference methods. The additional parameters tested in the PTM evaluation (inclusivity, exclusivity, ruggedness, stability, and lot-to-lot) satisfied the AOAC RI performance requirements. In both the PTM and GovVal validation studies, the VIDAS LMX method demonstrated reliability as a rapid qualitative method for next-day detection of L. monocytogenes in a variety of foods, including RTE meats.
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Wootten, Adrienne, and Ryan P. Boyles. "Comparison of NCEP Multisensor Precipitation Estimates with Independent Gauge Data over the Eastern United States." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 53, no. 12 (December 2014): 2848–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-14-0034.1.
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AbstractGauge-calibrated radar estimates of daily precipitation are compared with daily observed values of precipitation from National Weather Service (NWS) Cooperative Observer Network (COOP) stations to evaluate the multisensor precipitation estimate (MPE) product that is gridded by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) for the eastern United States (defined as locations east of the Mississippi River). This study focuses on a broad evaluation of MPE across the study domain by season and intensity. In addition, the aspect of precipitation type is considered through case studies of winter and summer precipitation events across the domain. Results of this study indicate a north–south gradient in the error of MPE and a seasonal pattern with the highest error in summer and autumn and the lowest error in winter. Two case studies of precipitation are also considered in this study. These case studies include instances of intense precipitation and frozen precipitation. These results suggest that MPE is less able to estimate convective-scale precipitation as compared with precipitation variations at larger spatial scales. In addition, the results suggest that MPE is subject to errors related both to the measurement gauges and to the radar estimates used. Two case studies are also included to discuss the differences with regard to precipitation type. The results from these case studies suggest that MPE may have higher error associated with estimating the liquid equivalent of frozen precipitation when compared with NWS COOP network data. The results also suggest the need for more analysis of MPE error for frozen precipitation in diverse topographic regimes.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Frozen foods – Evaluation – Case studies"
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Smith, Tracy-Ann. "Frozen in time to reclaiming one's life: the evaluation of the Ehlers and Clark Cognitive Therapy Model in the assessment and treatment of a hijacking survivor." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002569.
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The aim of this research study was achieved by providing support for the effectiveness and the transportability of the Ehlers and Clark (2000) cognitive therapy model for the assessment and treatment of PTSD. Furthermore, the contextual factors which were important in this case were investigated and documented. However, research within the social sciences will inevitably produce various limitations due to the unique individuals and dynamic phenomena that are studied.
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Yarrow, Linda Kaye. "Client acceptance of frozen home-delivered meals." 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/27627.
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Aksornsri, Weeraporn. "Evaluating a value-added product through studies on consumer acceptability, sensory properties, and their correlations to biochemical and instrumental texture properties : the case of Pacific whiting (Merluccius productus) individually quick frozen (IQF) fillets." Thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/28166.
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Pacific whiting (Merluccius productus) is the most abundant
groundfish species off the California, Oregon and Washington Coasts.
The fish are mainly used as a raw material for the production of surimi.
However, it is not economically wise to depend only on one product.
There is a need to diversify the industry and develop a portfolio of
product forms able to compete on the global marketplace.
This study examines the characteristics of Pacific whiting individually
quick frozen (IQF) fillets through an evaluation of consumer acceptability
and sensory analysis, as well as their correlations to biochemical and
physical properties. Additionally, a comparison is made between Pacific
whiting IQF fillets and characteristics from seven other fish species.
Sensory analysis by a trained panel showed Pacific whiting scoring
highest in the flavor category of shellfish, medium in overall flavor
intensity and fresh fish flavor, and high in moistness. Two different cooking methods: microwave (rapid) and conventional oven (slow) were
studied with the results showing that the rapid method improved a
number of texture attributes. Correlations between sensory texture
attributes and instrumental texture results of Pacific whiting and the
protease activity were found for both cooking methods but much higher
in the slow one. All eight species were tested in a consumer test using a
nine-point Hedonic scale. There were no significance differences (p>0.05)
in flavor, texture, and overall acceptance of Pacific whiting with most of
other commercial fish. However, the amount of variation in each group
was high. No significant differences were found in firmness of Pacific
whiting when compared to Dover sole. Five-point purchase intent scale
showed no differences in consumers' willingness-to-buy when compared
to species presently available in the marketplace. Pacific whiting IQF
fillets, kept in frozen storage for 12 months, showed no differences in the
flavor and texture attributes with fillets frozen for one month.
The following findings are based on the information gained from the
focus group: (1) The most important factor affecting consumers'
purchasing decision on fish is flavor, (2) Fish flavor must be fresh, mild,
pleasant, and true to species, and (3) Fish texture is varied. Texture is
not as important as such factors as flavor, odor, appearance, and
thickness of fillets. Pacific whiting was found to be tasty and acceptable
to the focus group participants. Qualitative and quantitative data
collected from the focus group and the consumer tests, combined with its
sensory characteristics' similarity to desirable commercial fish suggest a
good potential of Pacific whiting in being utilized as IQF fillets.Graduation date: 1997