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Journal articles on the topic 'FRP reinforcement'
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1
Bai, Chong Xi, and Qiang Fu. "Model Tests of Strip Foundation with FRP Reinforced Sand Grounds." Applied Mechanics and Materials 501-504 (January 2014): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.501-504.43.
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Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) materials have good performance such as high strength, high modulus, corrosive resistance, and so on. FRP materials can be used to reinforced reinforcement effects significantly and improve durability of traditional reinforcements. A series of model tests were conducted on foundations reinforced with horizontal FRP reinforcemens. The influence of reinforcement modes on bearing capacity, settlement, strain of FRP and earth pressure were analyzed. From the test results, it was shown that the FRP reinforcement can significantly increase the bearing capacity and reduce the settlement, especially for double-layer reinforcement. And the effects of the anchoring inclusions were little, as compared with the reinforcements.
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Mavlonov, Ravshanbek, Sobirjon Razzakov, and Sohiba Numanova. "Stress-strain state of combined steel-FRP reinforced concrete beams." E3S Web of Conferences 452 (2023): 06022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202345206022.
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Steel reinforcements in reinforced concrete structures are susceptible to corrosion under different exposure conditions. This can lead to some disadvantages, including concrete deterioration, reduced long-term service life, increased cost of the structure due to re-strengthening measures, and reduced overall durability of the structure. In order to solve these problems, the issue of comprehensive use of Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcements as an alternative to steel bars is urgent. FRP reinforcements have specific advantages including corrosion resistance, high tensile strength, density four times lighter than steel, and also linear expansion coefficient under the influence of temperature is small like concrete. In order to increase the load bearing capacity and ductility, it is recommended to effectively use steel rebar together with FRP rebar as a combination reinforcement, taking into account brittleness characteristic of FRP reinforcement and low modulus of elasticity. In this article, concrete beams with combined reinforcement are modelled by using ANSYS Workbench 2022 software. By testing virtual model, deflection corresponding to the value of the applied load on the beam, compressive and tensile stresses in the concrete, and stresses in FRP and steel reinforcement located in the tension zone were determined and analyzed.
3
Lyčka, Lukáš, and Petr Štěpánek. "Shear Resistance of Concrete Beams with FRP Grating as a Shear Reinforcement." Solid State Phenomena 272 (February 2018): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.272.115.
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This paper presents an experimental study on the shear behavior of concrete beams with fiber-reinforced (FRP) composite grating as shear reinforcement. Corrosion resistance and non-magnetic properties of FRP reinforcement allows its use in places where application of regular steel reinforcement would face difficulties. The use of FRP composites can increase the life span of constructions and reduce its maintenance costs. Shear stirrups are more susceptible to harsh conditions, due to their placement at the outer face of the reinforcement, and the use of FRP materials can lead to lower concrete cover thickness and therefore to a more effective design of an element. FRP reinforcements are highly anisotropic material with low strength in the direction perpendicular to the fibers. This causes the strength of a FRP stirrup to be limited by its strength in the bends (corners) of a stirrup. The tensile strength in the corner of the bent stirrup is around 40 to 60% of the strength of the straight bar. FRP grating doesn’t contain a bent section limiting its strength, but its behavior as a shear reinforcement is unknown. The paper contains the results of own experimental research on concrete beams with shear reinforcement made of FRP gratings done at the Faculty of Civil Engineering at the Brno University of Technology. Test specimen consisted of nine beams with different shear reinforcement ratios. Presented experimental data are then compared with the results of tests on beams with regular shear FRP stirrups found in literature.
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Gajdošová, Katarína, Viktor Borzovič, Adrián Valašík, and Natália Gažovičová. "Application of GFRP Reinforcement in the Design of Concrete Structures and its Experimental Evaluation." Slovak Journal of Civil Engineering 26, no. 3 (2018): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sjce-2018-0015.
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Abstract In the past, research on the use of FRP in civil engineering has been focused on strengthening existing structures where FRP reinforcements were applied to the surface of concrete elements. Recently, the application of FRP reinforcements has been studied to replace steel reinforcements for use in areas of increased environmental loads, with a need to exclude the corrosion of the reinforcement or to ensure the electromagnetic neutrality of the individual elements of the load-bearing structure. The GFRP reinforcement ratio was verified considering failure modes in flexure and the bond of the GFRP reinforcement with concrete. Besides classical reinforcements, GFRP has also been used in prestressed variants, and the possibility of its use as permanent formwork has been verified. In terms of extending the use of non-metallic reinforcements, it is important to note the long-term exposure and possible degradation of the mechanical properties.
5
Li, Zhongxu, Guojun Hao, Haoran Du, et al. "Composite Fiber Wrapping Techniques for Enhanced Concrete Mechanics." Polymers 16, no. 19 (2024): 2820. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16192820.
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This study systematically investigates the enhancement effects of different fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) materials on the axial compressive performance of concrete. Through experimental evaluations of single-layer, double-layer, and composite FRP reinforcement techniques, the impact of various FRP materials and their combinations on concrete’s axial compressive strength and deformation characteristics was assessed. The results indicate that single-layer CFRP reinforcement significantly improves concrete axial compressive strength and stiffness, while double-layer CFRP further optimizes stress distribution and load-bearing capacity. Among the composite FRP reinforcements, the combination with CFRP as the outer layer demonstrated superior performance in enhancing the overall structural integrity. Additionally, numerical analyses of the mechanical behavior of the reinforced structures were conducted using ABAQUS 2023HF2 finite element software, which validated the experimental findings and elucidated the mechanisms by which FRP influences the internal stress field of concrete. This research provides theoretical support and empirical data for the optimized design and practical application of FRP reinforcement technologies in engineering.
6
Latosh, Fawzi, Abobakr Al-Sakkaf, and Ashutosh Bagchi. "Feasibility Study on the Effect of FRP Shear Reinforcements on the Behaviour of FRP-Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams." CivilEng 4, no. 2 (2023): 522–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/civileng4020030.
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Unlike steel reinforcements in concrete, Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) materials are light and free from corrosion. Therefore, FRP materials are increasingly being used in structural engineering as a replacement for steel reinforcements. While the use of FRP bars as longitudinal reinforcements in concrete deep beams has been studied somewhat widely, their use and effectiveness as web reinforcements are not well studied. In this study, the effect of the FRP web reinforcements on the behaviour and strength of FRP-reinforced concrete deep beams were investigated in an experimental study. Four glass fiber-reinforced concrete (RC) simply supported deep beam specimens were tested under a concentrated load with different shear span-to-depth ratios and web reinforcement ratios. The behaviour of the deep beams was described in terms of load–deflection behaviour, crack developments, strain in FRP reinforcements, and failure modes. The experimental investigation emphasized the significance of web reinforcements in determining the reinforced concrete deep beam behaviour, such as mid-span deflection, crack breadth, failure modes, and ultimate strengths. Furthermore, to predict the behavior of deep beams, numerical Finite Element models using Abaqus software were created. The present test results were compared to those predicted using the Finite Element models. This investigation shows that web reinforcement is quite important for FRP-RC deep beams to achieve a robust behaviour by enhancing its capacity and deformability.
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Šenšelová, Žaneta, Viktor Borzovič, and Jaroslav Baran. "Parametric Study of Concrete Members with GFRP Reinforcement Subjected to Bending and Axial Force." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1203, no. 2 (2021): 022130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1203/2/022130.
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Abstract The paper deals with the possible replacement of steel reinforcement by GFRP reinforcement for concrete elements subjected to bending moment and compressive axial force. For the last 15 years, Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) bars became more popular and commercially available as reinforcement for concrete elements. Composite FRP materials are still new in construction and many engineers are not familiar with their properties and behaviour. FRP has certain advantages over steel reinforcement. It is a durable material that is not subject to corrosion, does not conduct heat, is an electrical insulator and conducts electrical current, and is non-magnetic. In contrast, FRP also has certain deficiencies such as sensitivity to higher temperatures, alkaline environments, and reduction of mechanical properties at high levels of long-term stress. In the case of FRP reinforcements, the plastic branch is missing in the σ-ε diagrams, what leads to a sudden failure of the reinforced concrete element, either by tensile rupture of the reinforcement or by crushing the concrete. The most used FRP reinforcement is made of glass fibres - GFRP reinforcement. The paper deals with the possible replacement of steel reinforcement by GFRP reinforcement for slab and beam elements. The text describes a parametric study for different reinforcement ratio with GFRP reinforcement and steel reinforcement. The study is performed for a cross-section of 500x500 mm for a column element and a cross-section of 1000x250 mm for a slab element. The effect of longitudinal GFRP reinforcement in elements under compression was investigated. The study contains a comparison of interaction P-M diagrams of concrete elements with steel and GFRP reinforcement. For design of GFRP reinforced concrete elements, it is necessary to consider different material characteristics such as tensile strength and modulus of elasticity. The contribution of the GFRP reinforcement in compression was neglected due to the anisotropic nature of the GFRP reinforcement and the low modulus of elasticity. The main reference basis for the elaboration of a parametric study is the fib Bulletin No. 40.
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Zhu, Wen, Fengxuan Wang, Shiyu Sun, and Wenke Jia. "Research progress of FRP in steel and masonry bridge structures reinforcement." Advances in Engineering Technology Research 1, no. 2 (2022): 529. http://dx.doi.org/10.56028/aetr.1.2.529.
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Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) has been widely used in the reinforcement of concrete bridge structures, and it still has a good application prospect in the reinforcement of steel and masonry bridge structures. In order to summarize the research results of FRP in the reinforcement of steel and masonry structures, broaden the ideas of FRP strengthening bridges in China and promote its wide application in the field of bridge structure reinforcement, it is summarized from the aspects of anti-fatigue reinforcement, anti-buckling reinforcement, bearing capacity reinforcement and seismic reinforcement according to the different reinforcement mechanisms. The shortcomings of the existing studies were analyzed, some problems and ideas that can be further studied were put forward. Analysis result shows that the prestressed FRP reinforcement technology has a good application prospect because of its high material strength utilization rate. Generally, the method of prestressing FRP is used to strengthen the bridge steel members with fatigue cracks, and FRP and filler materials are used to form an external reinforcement system to improve the buckling resistance of steel members. FRP reinforcement can improve the bearing capacity and seismic performance of masonry structures. Follow-up studies should be continued to develop standardized prestressed FRP reinforcement and anchorage system with long-term reliable performance, further promote the engineering application of prestressed FRP reinforced steel structures and establish the specification system of FRP reinforced masonry bridges. The durability of FRP reinforced bridges under complex environment and coupling of various factors should be deeply studied.
9
Zhu, Wen, Fengxuan Wang, Shiyu Sun, and Wenke Jia. "Research progress of FRP in steel and masonry bridge structures reinforcement." Advances in Engineering Technology Research 2, no. 1 (2022): 529. http://dx.doi.org/10.56028/aetr.2.1.529.
Full textAbstract:
Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) has been widely used in the reinforcement of concrete bridge structures, and it still has a good application prospect in the reinforcement of steel and masonry bridge structures. In order to summarize the research results of FRP in the reinforcement of steel and masonry structures, broaden the ideas of FRP strengthening bridges in China and promote its wide application in the field of bridge structure reinforcement, it is summarized from the aspects of anti-fatigue reinforcement, anti-buckling reinforcement, bearing capacity reinforcement and seismic reinforcement according to the different reinforcement mechanisms. The shortcomings of the existing studies were analyzed, some problems and ideas that can be further studied were put forward. Analysis result shows that the prestressed FRP reinforcement technology has a good application prospect because of its high material strength utilization rate. Generally, the method of prestressing FRP is used to strengthen the bridge steel members with fatigue cracks, and FRP and filler materials are used to form an external reinforcement system to improve the buckling resistance of steel members. FRP reinforcement can improve the bearing capacity and seismic performance of masonry structures. Follow-up studies should be continued to develop standardized prestressed FRP reinforcement and anchorage system with long-term reliable performance, further promote the engineering application of prestressed FRP reinforced steel structures and establish the specification system of FRP reinforced masonry bridges. The durability of FRP reinforced bridges under complex environment and coupling of various factors should be deeply studied.
10
Nguyen, Quang Hung, Hai-Bang Ly, Thuy-Anh Nguyen, Viet-Hung Phan, Long Khanh Nguyen, and Van Quan Tran. "Investigation of ANN architecture for predicting shear strength of fiber reinforcement bars concrete beams." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (2021): e0247391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247391.
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In this paper, an extensive simulation program is conducted to find out the optimal ANN model to predict the shear strength of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) concrete beams containing both flexural and shear reinforcements. For acquiring this purpose, an experimental database containing 125 samples is collected from the literature and used to find the best architecture of ANN. In this database, the input variables consist of 9 inputs, such as the ratio of the beam width, the effective depth, the shear span to the effective depth, the compressive strength of concrete, the longitudinal FRP reinforcement ratio, the modulus of elasticity of longitudinal FRP reinforcement, the FRP shear reinforcement ratio, the tensile strength of FRP shear reinforcement, the modulus of elasticity of FRP shear reinforcement. Thereafter, the selection of the appropriate architecture of ANN model is performed and evaluated by common statistical measurements. The results show that the optimal ANN model is a highly efficient predictor of the shear strength of FRP concrete beams with a maximum R2 value of 0.9634 on the training part and an R2 of 0.9577 on the testing part, using the best architecture. In addition, a sensitivity analysis using the optimal ANN model over 500 Monte Carlo simulations is performed to interpret the influence of reinforcement type on the stability and accuracy of ANN model in predicting shear strength. The results of this investigation could facilitate and enhance the use of ANN model in different real-world problems in the field of civil engineering.
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Shi, Jian, Jun Kato, Li Min Bao, and Kiyoshi Kemmochi. "The Mechanical Property of Recycled Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites by Superheated Steam." Applied Mechanics and Materials 339 (July 2013): 687–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.339.687.
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Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composites are used in many applications for their excellent strength-to-weight ratio. These properties are significant barriers for achieving the 3R concept (Recycle, Reuse, and Reduce). Inverse manufacturing is a recent technology that produces new materials and industrial goods from FRP waste based on life-cycle assessment (LCA), and it is expected to help solve the problems of 3R associated with FRP [1-. However, no effective recycling system of FRP has been established because of the cross-linked structure of thermosetting resin matrix and inorganic reinforcement fibers. To investigate the possibility of recycling and reusing both matrix and reinforcements, a project of preventing environmental deterioration was performed. In this study, a new decomposition method for recycling FRP waste by superheated steam was developed. Separation of the resin matrix and reinforcement fiber from the FRP was attempted, the FRP recycled from the separated fibers was remolded; this is called R-FRP.
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Vašátko, David, Kateřina Mrkvova, František Girgle, Vojtěch Kostiha, and Petr Štěpánek. "Experimental Verification of Punching Shear with FRP Reinforcement: Innovations in the New Eurocode Generation." Key Engineering Materials 1011 (May 14, 2025): 99–108. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-k4alyf.
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The new generation of Eurocodes for concrete structures, specifically the draft standard FprEN 1992-1-1:2023, introduces an innovative application of non-prestressed Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) reinforcement (Annex R). This standard represents the first standardized method for the application of FRP reinforcement, an area that has been lacking in European standards to date. Composite reinforcement using glass (GFRP) or carbon fibre (CFRP) provides a perspective alternative in specific applications where it can replace traditional steel or stainless steel reinforcement. The main advantages are high corrosion resistance and electromagnetic neutrality. This allows for application in structures exposed to a high level of environmental impact. However, composite reinforcement with glass fibres exhibits sensitivity to alkaline environments and has a lower modulus of elasticity compared to steel reinforcement. Due to the linear elastic stress-strain diagram for FRP reinforcement, the design of structures with FRP reinforcement requires a different approach than traditional concrete reinforcement. The standard FprEN 1992-1-1:2023 provides specific approaches for the design of concrete elements using FRP reinforcement, considering various types of loading. In the context of design resistance to punching shear, the standard offers a specific relationship that determining the punching shear resistance for using longitudinal FRP reinforcement. In situations where it is necessary to consider punching shear reinforcement, the shear reinforcement should not be made from FRP. The transition to the new Eurocode brings significant changes in the method of design punching shear resistance compared to the current standard ČSN EN 1992-1-1. The aim is to verify the accuracy of the newly introduced relationships for punching shear through a real experiment with steel and FRP longitudinal reinforcement. The experiment will also research the effect of the adding FRP stirrups on the overall resistance under local loading conditions.
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Wdowiak-Postulak, Agnieszka, Marek Wieruszewski, František Bahleda, Jozef Prokop, and Janusz Brol. "Fibre-Reinforced Polymers and Steel for the Reinforcement of Wooden Elements—Experimental and Numerical Analysis." Polymers 15, no. 9 (2023): 2062. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15092062.
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These elements are innovative and of interest to many researchers for the reinforcement of wooden elements. For the reinforced beam elements, the effect of the reinforcement factor, FRP and steel elastic modulus or FRP and steel arrangement of the reinforcement on the performance of the flexural elements was determined, followed by reading the load-displacement diagram of the reinforced beam elements. The finite element model was then developed and verified with the experimental results, which was mainly related to the fact that the general theory took into account the typical tensile failure mode, which can be used to predict the flexural strength of reinforced timber beams. From the tests, it was determined that reinforced timber beam elements had relatively ductile flexural strengths up to brittle tension for unreinforced elements. As for the reinforcements of FRP, the highest increase in load-bearing capacity was for carbon mats at 52.47%, with a reinforcement grade of 0.43%, while the lowest was for glass mats at 16.62% with a reinforcement grade of 0.22%. Basalt bars achieved the highest stiffness, followed by glass mats. Taking into account all the reinforcements used, the highest stiffness was demonstrated by the tests of the effectiveness of the reinforcement using 3 mm thick steel plates. For this configuration with a reinforcement percentage of 10%, this increase in load capacity was 79.48% and stiffness was 31.08%. The difference between the experimental and numerical results was within 3.62–27.36%, respectively.
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Hasan, Hashim. "FEM performance of concrete beams reinforced by carbon fiber bars." MATEC Web of Conferences 162 (2018): 04007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816204007.
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Concrete structures may be vulnerable to harsh environment, reinforcement with Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) bars have an increasing acceptance than normal steel. The nature of (FRP) bar is (non-corrosive) which is very beneficial for increased durability as well as the reinforcement of FRP bar has higher strength than steel bar. FRP usage are being specified more and more by public structural engineers and individual companies as main reinforcement and as strengthening of structures. Steel reinforcement as compared to (FRP) reinforcement are decreasingly acceptable for structural concrete reinforcement including precast concrete, cast in place concrete, columns, beams and other components. Carbon Fiber Reinforcement Polymer (CFRP) have a very high modulus of elasticity “high modulus” and very high tensile strength. In aerospace industry, CFRP with high modulus are popular among all FRPs because it has a high strength to weight ratio. In this research, a finite element models will be used to represent beams with Carbon Fiber Reinforcement and beams with steel reinforcement. The primary objective of the research is the evaluation of the effect of (CFR) on beam reinforcement.
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Li, Guibing, Tianyu Hu, and Dawei Bai. "BP Neural Network Improved by Sparrow Search Algorithm in Predicting Debonding Strain of FRP-Strengthened RC Beams." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (May 27, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9979028.
Full textAbstract:
To prevent debonding failure of FRP- (fiber reinforced polymer-) strengthened RC (reinforced concrete) beams, most codes proposed models for debonding strain limitation of FRP reinforcements. However, only a few factors that affect debonding failure are considered in the models. The experimental results show that these models cannot accurately evaluate debonding strain and have a large variability. In order to improve the accuracy of predicting the debonding strain of FRP-strengthened RC beams, a BP neural network model was developed based on the sparrow search algorithm (SSA). To predict the debonding strain of FRP reinforcements, the established neural network model was trained and simulated through experimental data. The results show that the coefficient of variation of the present SSA-BP neural network model is 13%. The main factors affecting debonding strain are the longitudinal reinforcement ratio, stirrup reinforcement ratio, and concrete strength, which are not considered in the code models. The present model has better prediction accuracy and more robustness than the traditional BP neural network and the code models.
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Phan, Duy Nguyen. "A Method for Calculating Cracking Moment of FRP Reinforced Concrete Beam." Key Engineering Materials 896 (August 10, 2021): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.896.141.
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This paper presents an analytical method for calculating the cracking moment of concrete beams reinforced with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) bars, which considers the non-linear behavior of concrete in the tension zone and the contribution of FRP reinforcement. Theoretical cracking moments obtained by the proposed method were verified with the experimental results and the theoretical results calculated according to ACI 440.1R-15. The comparison results show good agreement between theoretical and experimental data. A parametric study on the effect of longitudinal FRP reinforcement ratio and elastic modulus of FRP on the cracking moment of FRP reinforced concrete beams also were done by using the proposed method. The parametric study results show that both longitudinal reinforcement and modulus of elasticity of FRP significantly affect the cracking moment of FRP reinforced concrete beams. Moreover, parametric study results also clarify the weakness of ACI 440.1R-15 in determining the cracking moment of concrete beams reinforced with a large amount of FRP reinforcement ratio and with high modulus of elasticity of FRP.
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Atutis, Mantas, and Juozas Valivonis. "REINFORCEMENT CHARACTERISTICS OF PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BEAMS WITH FIBER-REINFORCED POLYMER (FRP) TENDONS." Engineering Structures and Technologies 2, no. 2 (2010): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/skt.2010.10.
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The basic advantages of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcement are reviewed. FRP tendons exhibit linear elastic response to rupture without yielding and thus failure is expected to be brittle. Structural beahaviour of beams prestressed with FRP tendons is different from that of beams with traditional steel reinforcement. Strength design approach for prestressed beams with FRP tendons is based on the concept of brittle ratio, reinforcement ratio at which concrete fails in compression at the same time as FRP tendon ruptures. Depending on reinforcement ratio, the flexural behaviour of the beam can be devided into several groups. If reinfrocement ratio is equal to brittle ratio, beams fail by rupture of tendons and crushing of concrete simultaneously. Beams with reinforcement ratio, less than brittle ratio, are under-reinforced and will fail by rupture of tendons. When reinforcement ratio is greater than brittle ratio, concrete fails in compresion prior to rupture of tendons. Brittle ratio was calculated by different expressions proposed in scietific literature, and particular results were given. It has been shown, that brittle ratio is influenced by the mechanical properties of FRP and concrete.
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Jiang, Shi Yong, Bing Hong Li, Qian Hua Shi, and Xian Qi Hu. "Behavior of Continuous FRP Rectangular Spirals as Shear Reinforcement for Concrete Beams." Advanced Materials Research 418-420 (December 2011): 307–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.418-420.307.
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The replacement of steel stirrups with FRP stirrups in concrete structures can significantly improve the durability under severe environmental conditions, increase the service life of the structure. In some cases where the application of traditional concrete structures is restricted, such as structures that require the environment without magnetic and electric interferences, the best way is to use nonmetallic materials. Considering the unique properties compared with traditional reinforcements, FRP reinforcements is very suitable in such cases. This paper discussed the behavior of FRP stirrups used as shear reinforcement for concrete structures, continuous FRP rectangular spirals, a type of FRP stirrups, was used in the experimental investigation. Inspired by the test method suggested by ACI Committee 440, L shape specimen and U shape specimen are designed to test the tensile strength of continuous FRP rectangular spirals. Through the analysis of test results, it is indicated that the strength of the bent portion of FRP spirals is significantly lower than that of the straight portion, and the strength of FRP spirals would increase as the concrete strength or the embedment length of the bent portion increased. The loading mechanism of continuous FRP rectangular spirals embedded in concrete beams can be better represented by U shape specimen compared with L shape specimens, it is suggested by the author that the U shape specimen can be use when the dimension of FRP stirrups or spirals does not meet the requirements of ACI Committee 440 test method.
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Shbeeb, Nadim I., Wasim S. Barham, and Wala’a Alyahya. "Numerical Simulation of Engineering Cementitious Composite Beams Strengthened with Fiber-Reinforced Polymer and Steel Bars." Fibers 12, no. 6 (2024): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib12060049.
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In this paper, the flexural performance of the Engineering Cementitious Composite (ECC)-concrete composite beam hybrid reinforced by steel and Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) bars is assessed using nonlinear finite element analysis. The concrete damage plasticity model is used to model the nonlinear behavior of ECC and concrete materials. A perfect bond is assumed at the interface surface between the ECC and concrete. The validity of the numerical model is established through comparison with a previously published experimental study (overall error of about 5.4%). Consequently, the developed model is utilized to consider the effect of hybrid (FRP/steel) tensile reinforcement ratio, thickness of the ECC layer, type of FRP bars, and compressive strength of concrete on the flexure performance. It was evident from the results that the ratio of hybrid (FRP/steel) tensile reinforcement should be carefully chosen to achieve an adequate balance between ductility and carrying load capacity. Additionally, the thickness of the ECC layer plays a crucial role in controlling the hybrid reinforcement’s tensile ratio to prevent rapid failure following the yielding of steel rebars within the ECC layer. Furthermore, the type of FRP bars used in the hybrid reinforcement has influenced the flexural behavior of the composite beam. Conversely, increasing the compressive strength of the concrete has minimal impact on enhancing the mechanical characteristics of the beams, even when considering a change in the type of FRP bars.
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Xu, Mingxue, Anni Wang, and Xiaogang Liu. "Experimental and Theoretical Investigation into the Thermal Conductivity and Heating-Softening Bending of Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Polypropylene Rebars." Polymers 17, no. 5 (2025): 595. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17050595.
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Thermoplastic fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcement has a significant advantage over traditional thermosetting FRP reinforcements in that it can be bent on site by heating-softening processing. However, current experimental and theoretical research on the thermal conductivity and heating-softening processing characteristics of thermoplastic FRP reinforcements is quite insufficient. Through heating-softening processing tests, numerical simulation, and theoretical calculation, this study investigated the heating-softening processing time of a thermoplastic glass-fiber-reinforced polypropylene (GFRPP) reinforcement. In the heat transfer process, thermal conductivity is typically treated as a constant. However, the experimental results indicated that the thermal conductivity/diffusivity coefficient of the GFRPP reinforcement was temperature-dependent. On this basis, an equivalent modified thermal diffusivity coefficient of glass fiber was proposed to account for the time-temperature-dependent heat conductivity of the GFRPP reinforcement, utilizing a series model. Utilizing the modified thermal diffusivity coefficient, the simulation model presented a heating-softening processing time that coincided well with the experimental results, with a mean ratio of 1.005 and a coefficient of variation of 0.033. Moreover, based on an equivalent homogeneous circular cross-section assumption of the GFRPP reinforcement, an analytical solution to the heat conduction equation was derived. Combining the experimental and simulation results, a semi-analytical and semi-empirical calculation model was also proposed for predicting the heating-softening processing time of a GFRPP reinforcement with a silicone tube cover. The model’s calculated results align with the simulation trends, with an average deviation of 1.0% and a coefficient of variation of 0.026, demonstrating strong potential for engineering applications.
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Tur, Viktar V., and Aliaksandr P. Varabei. "Shear resistance of self-stressed elements without transverse reinforcement and with longitudinal bars made of polymer composites. Theoretical background." Vestnik MGSU, no. 1 (January 2023): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2023.1.45-58.
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Introduction. The problem of shear resistance of reinforced concrete elements without transverse reinforcement remains, as before, one of the most controversial in the theory of concrete structures. The interest in the problem arose anew due to the use of polymer composite (FRP) bars as longitudinal reinforcement in concrete structures. Models of shear resistance, included in the regulatory documents and formulated as suggestions in terms of elements reinforced with steel bars and FRP bars, are considered. It is shown that the critical shear crack theory (CSCT) can be adopted as a basis for formulating a model of shear resistance of FRP-reinforced elements. However, its provisions cannot be applied without appropriate adjustments, in particular, regarding the determination of the width of critical crack openings.
 Materials and methods. To determine the shear strength of self-stressed concrete elements reinforced with FRP bars, a modified model was developed. As a result of an iterative procedure, this model makes it possible to determine an individual contribution of each of its main components to the total shear strength, taking into account the shape of a potential inclined crack, adopted in accordance with provisions of the Critical Shear Crack Theory (CSCT), as well as the width of the inclined crack opening at the level of longitudinal reinforcement, determined according to the bond-slip law for FRP bars.
 Results. A modified mechanical shear resistance model of self-stressed concrete elements reinforced with polymer composite bars was developed. Its difference is that, in addition to the influence of initial self-stress, the bond law for longitudinal reinforcements made of FRP is taken into account (the modified bond-slip law) when cracking parameters are determined in the support zone. An iterative procedure is proposed for calculating the components and the total shear strength of elements made of concrete (including expansive concrete) without transverse reinforcement and with longitudinal reinforcement made of FRP bars.
 Conclusions. The shear resistance model proposed for flexible self-stressed elements, reinforced with FRP bars, conveys the physical essence of the shear phenomenon and is applicable to various cases and loading patterns.
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Kazemi, Mostafa, Mohammad Daneshfar, Yousef Zandi, et al. "Effects of the Concrete Strength and FRP Reinforcement Type on the Non-Linear Behavior of Concrete Deep Beams." Sustainability 14, no. 7 (2022): 4136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14074136.
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To provide sustainable reinforced concrete deep beams, the replacement of steel rebars by FRP rebars with high-chemical resistance is proposed by researchers. However, the effects of the concrete strength, top and web longitudinal reinforcements, and types of FRP flexural rebars on the non-linear performance of concrete deep beams have rarely been evaluated. This study numerically assessed the effects of the top and web longitudinal reinforcements and concrete strength on the non-linear behaviour of GFRP- and CFRP-strengthened concrete deep beams with various shear span-to-overall depth (a/h) ratios. As per the results, the highest tensile stress was obtained for the steel reinforcement, and the tensile stress in the CFRP reinforcement was more than that of the GFRP reinforcement under the failure load. Meanwhile, the results of high- and normal-strength concrete deep beams with the web reinforcement (16.4%) were lower than those without the web reinforcement (22.3%). Therefore, the web reinforcement moderately compensated for the low strength of normal concrete and the absence of the top longitudinal rebar to reinforce concrete deep beams in carrying the ultimate load. Furthermore, the participation of the GFRP reinforcement with the high-strength concrete was more than that with the normal-strength concrete in carrying a higher amount of loading.
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Zatloukal, Jan, and Petr Konvalinka. "Moment Capacity of FRP Reinforced Concrete Beam Assessment Based on Centerline Geometry." Applied Mechanics and Materials 486 (December 2013): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.486.211.
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The flexural behavior of FRP (Fiber Reinforced Polymer) reinforced concrete beam has been the topic of intensive previous research, because of the spread of use of modern FRP composite materials in the building industry as concrete reinforcement. The behavior of FRP reinforced member is different from the one reinforced with regular steel reinforcement, mainly because of vast difference between moduli of elasticity of FRP composite reinforcement bars and steel. This difference results in the fact that conventional design methods used for years in the field of reinforced concrete structures using steel reinforcement give poor results if attempted use with FRP reinforced structural members. Results of conventional methods are so poor that use of such methods would be dangerous they tend to overestimate load carrying capacity and underestimate deformations both resulting in unsafe predictions. This paper points to formulating easy to use and comprehensible method of predicting moment capacity of FRP reinforced concrete beams subjected to bending loading and validation of the proposed method via set of experiments.
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Korentz, Jacek, and Witold Czarnecki. "Prediction of Ultimate Capacity of Concrete Columns Reinforced with FRP Bars." Polymers 15, no. 5 (2023): 1161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15051161.
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FRP bars are used in concrete structures as an alternative to steel bars as they have many advantages such as high tensile strength, high strength-to-weight ratio, electromagnetic neutrality, lightweight and no corrosion. There is a perceived lack of standard regulations for the design of concrete columns with FRP reinforcement, e.g., in Eurocode 2. This paper describes a procedure for predicting the bearing capacity of concrete columns with FRP reinforcement based on the interaction of axial force and bending moment, which was developed on the basis of existing design recommendations and standards. It was shown that the bearing capacity of eccentrically loaded RC sections depends on two parameters, which are the mechanical reinforcement ratio ω and the location of the reinforcement in the cross-section expressed by the β factor. The analyses carried out showed the existence of a singularity in the n–m interaction curve indicating the fact that in a certain loaded range, the curve is concave, and more it was shown that the balance failure point for sections with FRP reinforcement takes place for eccentric tension. A simple procedure for calculating the required reinforcement from any FRP bars in concrete columns was also proposed. Nomograms developed from n–m interaction curves provide for the accurate and rational design of FRP reinforcement in columns.
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El-Hacha, Raafat, and Khaled Soudki. "Prestressed near-surface mounted fibre reinforced polymer reinforcement for concrete structures — a review." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 40, no. 11 (2013): 1127–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2013-0063.
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The specialized application of prestressing the near-surface mounted (NSM) fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcement for strengthening reinforced concrete (RC) structures combines the benefits of the FRP reinforcement with the advantages associated with external prestressing. By applying a prestress to the NSM FRP the material is used more efficiently since a greater portion of its tensile capacity is employed. This paper presents a comprehensive review on the performance of RC members strengthened using prestressed NSM FRP reinforcement. Several techniques and anchorage systems developed to prestress the NSM FRP are presented. The static flexural and fatigue performance of RC beams strengthened using prestressed NSM FRP in comparison to non-prestressed NSM is presented. Research on the long-term performance under freeze–thaw exposures and sustained loading is also presented.
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Shawki Ali, Noura Khaled, Sameh Youssef Mahfouz, and Nabil Hassan Amer. "Flexural Response of Concrete Beams Reinforced with Steel and Fiber Reinforced Polymers." Buildings 13, no. 2 (2023): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13020374.
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This paper numerically investigates the flexural response of concrete beams reinforced with steel and four types of Fiber-Reinforced Polymers (FRP), i.e., Carbon FRP (CFRP), Glass FRP (GFRP), Aramid FRP (AFRP), and Basalt FRP (BFRP). The flexural responses of forty beams with two boundary conditions (simply supported and over-hanging beams) were determined using ABAQUS. Subsequently, the finite element models were validated using experimental results. Eventually, the impact of the reinforcement ratios ranging between 0.15% and 0.60% on the flexural capacity, crack pattern, and fracture energy were investigated for all beams. The results revealed that, for the low reinforcement ratios, the flexural performance of CFRP significantly surpassed that of steel and other FRP types. As the reinforcement ratio reached 0.60%, the steel bars exhibited the best flexural performance.
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Protchenko, Kostiantyn, Szmigiera Elżbieta, Marek Urbański, and Andrzej Garbacz. "Mechanical performance of FRP-RC flexural members subjected to fire conditions." Budownictwo i Architektura 19, no. 4 (2020): 017–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.2119.
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One of the main concerns that limit the widespread use of Fibre-Reinforced Polymers (FRP) bars as internal reinforcement for reinforced concrete (RC) structures is their relatively unexplored response to elevated temperatures. The behaviour of FRP reinforcement at elevated temperature as well as their post-fire behaviour can be different from conventional reinforcement and depends on the properties of the constituents of the bars. Therefore, the fire resistance of FRP-RC structures is an important issue that needs careful investigation before FRP reinforcement can be implemented in RC structures.
 The experimental results for full-scale FRP-RC beams subjected to specific fire action were presented and discussed in this paper. The specimens were exposed to heat in the mid-section from below (tension zone) and from the sides. As one of the main aims was to examine the influence of different reinforcement configurations, the testing was made for concrete beams reinforced with three different types of FRP bars: (i) basalt-FRP (BFRP), (ii) hybrid FRP with carbon and basalt fibres (HFRP) and (iii) nano-hybrid FRP (nHFRP), with modification of the epoxy matrix of the rebars.
 The present work describes the behaviour of FRP-RC beams exposed to fire conditions and simultaneous loading (50 % of their ultimate strength capacity at normal temperature) and unloaded beams were tested after the cooling phase in order to evaluate their residual resistance.
 Present work shows that the type of FRP bars used has a direct influence on the outcomes and the way of destruction. The maximum ductility, the longest heating time of approximately 100 minutes, was obtained for beams reinforced with BFRP bars and attained deflections were corresponded to the value of 162 mm.
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Peng, Ya Ping, Ming Ma, and Ming Xiu Chen. "Study on Effect of FRP Reinforced Manners on Seismic Performance of Concrete Frame Structure." Advanced Materials Research 133-134 (October 2010): 911–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.133-134.911.
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Many studies showed that FRP bonded to the concrete beams and column surface can effectively enhance the mechanical properties of members, and FRP reasonably bonded to the beam-column joint area can significantly improve the seismic performance, but not enough studies have been carried out on the overall mechanical properties in structure after the framework members are partially covered with FRP. In this Paper, based on the seismic demand analysis of the concrete frame structure, as well as FRP seismic enforcement strategy, a fiber attachment method has been proposed for FRP seismic reinforcement framework. Taking a two-layer dual-span plane framework as an example, nonlinear static analysis has been carried out on FRP-reinforced framework, the capacity spectrum method has been adopted to assess the seismic performance of reinforced framework and the impact of different FRP-reinforced methods on structural seismic performance has been discussed. The results showed that the method of moderate shear-resistance reinforcement in the joint core area, as well as the beam-column plastic hinge area, can effectively improve the seismic performance of the framework, the application of GFRP reinforcement features higher cost-performance ratio, and the FRP bonding at ± 45º in the joint core area can better the reinforcement effect.
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Abed, Mohammed A., Aysha Anagreh, Nikola Tošić, Ola Alkhabbaz, Majd Eddin Alshwaiki, and Robert Černý. "Structural Performance of Lightweight Aggregate Concrete Reinforced by Glass or Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polymer Bars." Polymers 14, no. 11 (2022): 2142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14112142.
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Lightweight aggregate concrete (LWC) and fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcement are potentially more sustainable alternatives to traditional steel-reinforced concrete structures, offering several important benefits. To further the knowledge in this area, the physical–mechanical properties of LWC produced with 0%, 50%, and 100% expanded clay aggregate were assessed. Subsequently, the flexural behavior of LWC beams reinforced with steel reinforcement and glass and basalt FRP bars was tested. The results of the experimental program allowed quantifying of the effect of expanded clay aggregate incorporation on LWC properties. The use of FRP reinforcement was also compared to steel-reinforced concrete beam behavior. The results of this study can provide additional support for the use of innovative materials such as LWA and FRP reinforcement.
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Budvytis, Marius, Alfonso Cobo Escamilla, and Linas Juknevičius. "ANALYSIS OF SHEAR DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FRP REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS." Engineering Structures and Technologies 10, no. 2 (2018): 46–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/est.2018.6478.
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Research shows that most shear design models for concrete beams reinforced with FRP reinforcement provide conservative results that leads to excessive amounts of reinforcement and increased overall cost of such construction. This paper presents comparative analysis of current shear design models for concrete beams reinforced with longitudinal FRP reinforcement and FRP stirrups. New analytical shear design model, developed by Valivonis et al., has been included in the analysis. A database with 88 specimens reinforced with FRP reinforcement was compiled in order to verify the accuracy of the proposed model by Valivonis et al. It is shown that proposed shear design model yields quite accurate and consistent results as an average of Vexp / Vpred values is 0.98 and coefficient of variation is 26.0% for this model.
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Sendjasni, Sarra, Mohammed Berradia, Bilel Zerouali, Riad Benzaid, and Ali Raza. "Data-driven axial load-carrying capacity prediction of FRP-RC columns through random forest regression." STUDIES IN ENGINEERING AND EXACT SCIENCES 5, no. 2 (2024): e10854. http://dx.doi.org/10.54021/seesv5n2-552.
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Numerous past investigations have shown that the behavior of concrete columns reinforced with fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) bars differs from that of traditional reinforced concrete columns, mainly due to the distinct mechanical properties of FRP bars. However, existing empirical models for predicting the axial load-carrying capacity (ALCC) of FRP-reinforced concrete (FRP-RC) columns often low accuracy. The aim of the present work is to introduce a novel model for accurately predicting the ALCC of concrete columns reinforced with FRP bars. To achieve this, random forest (RF) regression was applied on collected dataset of 377 concrete columns samples reinforced with FRP bars from previous literature works. A range of input variables was considered, including concrete type, column height, gross section area, compressive strength, area of FRP reinforcement bars, FRP reinforcement ratio, number of FRP bars, shape of tie bars, type of longitudinal and transverse FRP reinforcement, diameter of stirrups, diameter of main FRP bars, modulus of elasticity of FRP bars, their tensile strength, and stirrup spacing to estimate the ALCC of FRP-reinforced concrete columns. The suggested RF prediction showed a well correlation with dataset, achieving R² values of 0.99 and 0.97, respectively. Additionally, a comparative analysis of RF model against fifteen existing empirical formulas confirmed that the proposed machine learning model significantly improve the accuracy of ALCC predictions for FRP-reinforced concrete columns.
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Przygocka, M., and R. Kotynia. "Pre-Stress Losses in FRP Pre-Stressed Reinforced Concrete – Subject Overview." Archives of Civil Engineering 64, no. 4 (2018): 257–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ace-2018-0073.
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AbstractFiber reinforced polymers (FRPs) due to their specific high-strength properties become more and more popular and replace traditional structural materials like conventional steel in prestressed concrete structures. FRP reinforced structures are relatively new when compared to structures prestressed with steel tendons. For that reason only several studies and applications of pre-tensioned FRP reinforcement have been conducted until now. Moreover, researchers only considered short-term behavior of FRP reinforced concrete members. The precise information about long-term behavior of FRP reinforcement is necessary to evaluate the prestress losses, which should be taken into account in the design of prestressed RC structures. One of the most important factor influencing long term behavior of FRP reinforcement is stress relaxation. The overview of experimental tests results described in the available literature considering the prestress losses obtained in FRP prestressed concrete members is presented herein.
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Zhang, Yun Feng, Zhong Liang Lv, and De Wang Zhao. "Experimental Research on the Effects of Reinforcement Ratio on Axial Compression Properties of FRP Reinforced Concrete Column." Applied Mechanics and Materials 193-194 (August 2012): 721–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.193-194.721.
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Through the axial compression experiment of 11 FRP reinforced concrete columns, this paper analyzes the failure mode and loading-strain curves.Comparison between the experimental data with FRP reinforced concrete and the calculated value without FRP reinforced concrete is done. The results show that the reinforcement for the component will increase ductility and ultimate bearing capacity of the composite column, but the increase of reinforcement ratio will also reduce confining ability of FRP tubes.
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Hassan, T., A. Abdelrahman, G. Tadros, and S. Rizkalla. "Fibre reinforced polymer reinforcing bars for bridge decks." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 27, no. 5 (2000): 839–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l99-098.
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This paper describes the behaviour of two full-scale models of a portion of highway bridge slab reinforced with fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcement. The first slab was reinforced totally with carbon FRP (CFRP), and the second slab was reinforced with hybrid glass FRP (GFRP) and steel reinforcement. The models were tested under static loading up to failure using a concentrated load acting on each span of the continuous slab and the two cantilevers to simulate the effect of a truck wheel load. Load-deflection behaviour, crack patterns, strain distribution, and failure mode are reported. The measured values are compared to values calculated using nonlinear finite element analysis model. The accuracy of the nonlinear finite element analysis is demonstrated using independent test results conducted by others. The analytical model is used to examine the influence of various parameters, including the type of reinforcement, boundary conditions, and reinforcement ratio. Based on serviceability and ultimate capacity requirements, reinforcement ratios for using CFRP and GFRP reinforcement for typical bridge deck slabs are recommended.Key words: bridges, deflection, FRP, reinforcement, concrete, punching, slabs, shear, finite element model, strain.
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Zhang, Yannian, Ning Li, Qingjie Wang, Zhijun Li, and Xiaoyan Qin. "Shear Behavior of T-Shaped Concrete Beams Reinforced with FRP." Buildings 12, no. 12 (2022): 2062. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12122062.
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The calculation formula for bearing capacity was verified and further corrected through the current study of the influences of different parameters on the shear behavior of concrete T-beams reinforced with surface-embedded FRP. Tests were conducted on 14 beams reinforced with FRP tendons, including assessments of different concrete strength grades, longitudinal reinforcement ratios, surface characteristics, types, diameters, reinforcement modes, FRP spacings, and specimen shear span ratios. The results show that surface-embedded FRP reinforcement technology can be utilized to improve the overall stiffness and shear strength of beams, delay the development of oblique cracking, reduce the width of diagonal cracking, and improve the bite cooperation between concrete aggregates, thus improving the manifestation of reinforcement. The shear failure mechanism of reinforced concrete beams, strengthened with surface-embedded FRP, seemed to be similar to that of ordinary reinforced concrete beams. The mechanism of action was identical to that of stirrups, and the utilization factor of FRPs was determined.
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Wang, Jing. "Analysis of Technology and Economy for Steel Structure Reinforced with Carbon Fiber Sheets." Applied Mechanics and Materials 351-352 (August 2013): 1432–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.351-352.1432.
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Fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) can be used to restore the stiffness and bearing capacity of the damaged steel structures and improve their fatigue resistance. The reinforcement technology has the advantages of fast construction, short cycle, environmental protection and can greatly reduce the cost of the projects. Because there is a large number of steel structure need reinforced in our country, the market potential is tremendous. With localization of FRP and technology advancement of material production, the reinforcement technology will have a stronger competitiveness. Combined with material properties, comprehensive cost, construction method, maintenance and other aspects of FRP, a comprehensive technical and economic analysis has been done for FRP reinforcement and repair technology of steel structure. It could be provided a theory basis and application reference for existing steel repair reinforcement technology.
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Mahmoud, A. M. Hassanean, M. A. Ibrahim Arafa, O. Ahmed Hemdan, and A. Hassanean Yahia. "Numerical Study on Steel-FRP Reinforced Concrete Beams." Journal of Construction and Building Materials Engineering (e-ISSN: 2581-6454) 6, no. 1 (2020): 31–44. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3741471.
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This paper presents a three-dimensional Finite Element Analysis (3D FEA) on reinforced concrete beams tested experimentally by other researcher for investigating the effectiveness of hybrid reinforcement (FRP bars and steel bars) as a main reinforcement to enhance the flexural behavior of concrete beams. To provide a new model which can simulate the performance of concrete beam reinforced with steel and FRP bars accurately, all of the beam components were included in the model and element which composing the model and mesh size were chosen carefully. The user-programmable features in ANSYS 13.0 were used for model analysis. The developed model showed a good agreement with the corresponding experimental result. A parametric study is carried out to investigate the influence of FRP to steel reinforcement ratio, FRP bars type, Location of FRP and steel bars and concrete strength in the behavior of hybrid FRP-RC beams.
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Iqbal, Mohsin, Saravanan Karuppanan, Veeradasan Perumal, Mark Ovinis, and Adnan Rasul. "Rehabilitation Techniques for Offshore Tubular Joints." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, no. 2 (2023): 461. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11020461.
Full textAbstract:
Exposure to load and offshore environment degrades the load-bearing capacity of tubular joints, necessitating reinforcement of these joints. Reinforcement is sometimes required for lifespan enhancement or qualification based on new requirements. Available reinforcement techniques include welded rings inside/outside the chord, doubler/collar plate at the brace-chord interface, grout filling, and clamp installation on the joints with/without cement. While these techniques increase the load-bearing capacity of damaged tubular joints, various practical limitations exist. Clamping may require heavy machinery, whereas welding stiffeners involves hot work and may not be permitted sometimes. Fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs) have immense potential for reinforcing steel structures and are a viable alternative for rehabilitating tubular joints due to their exceptional mechanical and physical characteristics, offering competitive advantages over other methods. FRP reinforcement is becoming more feasible and economical for underwater joints. FRP reinforcement can be either precured, pre-impregnated, or wet layup. Aside from the significance of joint rehabilitation, a document covering the well-known options was lacking. This paper summarizes the advantages and limitations of these reinforcement methods, particularly FRP reinforcement. Possible research directions in FRP reinforcement of tubular joints are also discussed.
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Suter, René, and Olivier Francey. "Paraseismic Strengthening of Masonry Walls by FRP Composites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 82 (July 2011): 624–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.82.624.
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The University for Applied Sciences of Fribourg (UAS-FR) proceeded to theoretical and experimental studies on paraseismic strengthening of masonry walls. These studies aimed to develop new strengthening methods, mainly with Fibre-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composite materials. The experimental studies analysed the behaviour of reinforced masonry walls under vertical load and horizontal static-cyclic load with various orientation of reinforcements. This study covers two kinds of FRP reinforcement: carbon sheet and carbon mesh.
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Atutis, Mantas. "CALCULATING THE CARRYING CAPACITY OF FLEXURAL PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BEAMS WITH NON-METALLIC REINFORCEMENT." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 2, no. 6 (2010): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2010.104.
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The article reviews moment resistance design methods of prestressed concrete beams with fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcement. FRP tendons exhibit linear elastic response to rupture without yielding and thus failure is expected to be brittle. The structural behaviour of beams prestressed with FRP tendons is different from beams with traditional steel reinforcement. Depending on the reinforcement ratio, the flexural behaviour of the beam can be divided into several groups. The numerical results show that depending on the nature of the element failure, moment resistance calculation results are different by using reviewed methods. It was found, that the use of non-metallic reinforcement in prestressed concrete structures is effective: moment capacity is about 5% higher than that of the beams with conventional steel reinforcement.
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Qian, Bing, Lei Zhang, Yue Ma, and Xiang Li Kong. "Shear Characteristics between FRP-Concrete Bonding Interface." Materials Science Forum 1005 (August 2020): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1005.39.
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At present, fiber reinforced composite materials (FRP) are widely used in the reinforcement of concrete structures. The bonding interface between FRP plates and concrete is the key part of the strengthening of concrete structures with FRP plates. The bonding performance directly determines the success or failure of structural reinforcement. Based on the self-developed test device, the development of FRP and concrete in direct shear debonding test specimens, with the aid of advanced digital image correlation DIC technology, accurate measurement of specimen strain distribution on the surface of the FRP plate, and the FRP plate surface strain along the plate long distribution rule and the bond strength of the specimens was well researched, it reveals that the stripping of FRP and concrete interface failure process, and provides technical guidance for the treatment of FRP-concrete bond interface in practical projects.
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Badawi, Ammar K., Yasser I. O. Yahia, and Aziz I. Abdulla. "Structural Behavior of Hollow Beam Reinforced with Different types of GFRP stirrups." Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences 30, no. 1 (2023): 72–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjes.30.1.7.
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The structure could be impacted by concrete's steel reinforcement corroding. When exceptional corrosion resistance capabilities are required, fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcements offer a practical choice for constructions exposed to hostile environments. However, only a small number of the building's most important structural components are currently permitted to use FRP bars as interior concrete reinforcement, leaving the rest of the building unprotected. This is due to the lack of available curved or shaped reinforcing FRP pieces, which have subpar structural performance.
 Eighteen concrete beams with dimensions (1200×225×150) mm were divided into three groups and each group had five beams with three References and five different types of stirrups in each group and tested them up to failure. The first group included longitudinal reinforcing steel bars 6Ø10mm, the second group longitudinal reinforcing GFRP bars 6Ø10mm, and the third group longitudinal reinforced with hybrid (3steel+ 3GFRP) bars 6Ø10mm. All beams are self-compacting concrete with a longitudinal hollow with dimensions (50×100) mm.
 The results showed that the ultimate load of a hollow beam reinforced with steel reinforcement is less than a solid beam reinforced with steel (reference 1) by (15%) and a hollow beam reinforcing with GFRP reinforcement is less than a solid beam reinforced with GFRP (reference 2) by (5%), and a hollow beam hybrid reinforced with (Steel+ GFRP) reinforcement is less than a solid beam reinforced with GFRP (reference 3) by (4%).
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Li, Chun Xia, Zhi Sheng Ding, and Shi Lin Yan. "Analysis on Flexural Capacity of FRP Reinforced Concrete Members." Advanced Materials Research 446-449 (January 2012): 98–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.446-449.98.
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The balanced reinforcement ratio of FRP-reinforced concrete members and the flexural capacity under two different failure modes (concrete crushing and FRP rupture) are established, based on the analysis on flexural capacity of steel-reinforced concrete members in current concrete code. The effect of material properties on the balanced ratio, the variation of flexural capacity with different reinforcement ratio and a simplified nominal flexural capacity under FRP-rupture failure are derived.
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Konsta-Gdoutos, M., and CH Karayiannis. "Flexural Behaviour of Concrete Beams Reinforced with FRP Bars." Advanced Composites Letters 7, no. 5 (1998): 096369359800700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096369359800700502.
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An experimental study of the behaviour of concrete beams reinforced with fibre reinforced plastic (FRP) bars in three-point bending was undertaken. The load-deflection response was monitored throughout the test. The results from the flexural tests on FRP reinforced concrete beams were compared with those obtained with steel reinforcement. The failure mechanisms and the ultimate loads and displacements for the FRP and steel reinforcement of concrete were analysed and compared.
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Dong, Shi Hai, Jiang Feng Dong, and Q. Y. Wang. "Experimental Study on Properties of Different Angles of FRP Shear Reinforced Timber Beams." Advanced Materials Research 860-863 (December 2013): 1310–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.860-863.1310.
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Study of fiber reinforced plastics (i.e. CFRP, BFRP and AFRP) for rectangular beams reinforcement effect, using the FRP were 90o vertically and 45o slantingly parceled 10 rectangular timber beams shear performance, recorded specimen failure process. This paper analyzes the different FRP reinforcement plies, different reinforcement on beam properties of specimen, failure mode, bearing capacity, load-deflection relationship and strain distribution. The results showed that: FRP changed beams brittle failure mode, improve the beam bending, shear performance, ultimate bearing capacity increased by 28.2%~55.1%, the stiffness of the specimen and also improved ductility. In addition, its more effective to paste the FRP sheets vertically than slantingly with the angle of 45°. Using FRP strengthening beams the performance of the method is effective, the method can significantly improve the performance of wood. To improve the utilization efficiency of wood, expand the application range of timber provides useful reference.
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Liu, Jiarui, and Xian Cui. "Research on flexural performance of damaged RC beams strengthened by FPR plates." E3S Web of Conferences 233 (2021): 03007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123303007.
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Combining two technologies of pasting fiber reinforced composite board (FRP) and externally reinforced steel plate concrete structure, fiber-reinforced composite material and steel plate composite reinforced concrete structure technology can effectively improve the stress performance of concrete reinforced structure. To explore the effect of the new technology steel plate anchoring FRP slab concrete beams and the effect of different damage levels on the reinforcement effect, in this paper, the author made 3 FRP reinforced beams with damage rates of 20%, 40%, and 60%, 1 RC beam with FRP plate only and an ordinary RC beam to analyze the reinforcement effect of the new process steel plate anchored FRP plate and the bearing capacity and plastic performance of the reinforced beam with different damage rates. The results show that the new technology steel plate anchoring FRP plate reinforcement technology can effectively prevent the occurrence of early peeling failure, improve the ductility and bearing capacity of the reinforced beam, and significantly increase the utilization rate of the FRP plate; as the damage rate increases, the ultimate bearing capacity of the reinforced beam increases, but the ductility is significantly reduced.
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Jiang, Meirong, Shihu Qi, Shikun Pu, Peng Wang, Bo Wang, and Zhanzhan Du. "Experimental Study on the Blast Resistance Performance of FRP Grid & Mortar Reinforced Concrete Arch Structure." Materials 15, no. 20 (2022): 7149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15207149.
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In order to verify the feasibility of using FRP grid and mortar reinforcement technology to enhance the blast resistance of concrete arch structures, this paper designed and fabricated FRP grid and mortar reinforced concrete arch structures and conducted blast resistance tests in the field. A detailed design of anti-explosion scheme was carried out before the experiment. The tests were conducted to observe the structural cracking, concrete collapse, and reinforcement peeling of FRP grid and mortar reinforced concrete arch under the explosion. In order to compare the anti-explosion performance with the protective arch structures in other literature, the explosion of 2 kg TNT with a blast distance of 600 mm was selected. After the explosion, it was found that the blast resistance of the FRP grid and mortar reinforced concrete arch was significantly higher than that of the unreinforced arch, and the concrete arch reinforced with FRP grid and mortar has a better damage patterns and improved blast resistance performance than that of the FRP and steel plate reinforced arch. According to the research results, the FRP grid and mortar composite reinforcement technology can be used to enhance the blast resistance of arch structures in protection projects.
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Ahmed, Muhammad, Piero Colajanni, and Salvatore Pagnotta. "Influence of Cross-Section Shape and FRP Reinforcement Layout on Shear Capacity of Strengthened RC Beams." Materials 15, no. 13 (2022): 4545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15134545.
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The evaluation of the shear capacity of an FRP-strengthened reinforced-concrete beam is challenging due to the complex interaction between different contributions provided by the concrete, steel stirrup and FRP reinforcement. The shape of the beam and the FRP inclination can have paramount importance that is not often recognized by the models that are suggested by codes. The interaction among different resisting mechanisms has a significant effect on the shear capacity of beams, since it can cause a reduction in the efficiency of some resisting mechanisms. A comparative study of the performance in the shear resistance assessment provided by three models with six different effectiveness factors (R) is performed, considering different cross-section shapes, FRP wrapping schemes, inclination and anchorage systems. The results revealed that the cross-section shape, the FRP inclination and the efficiency of the FRP anchorages have a significant effect on the shear strength of beams. The analysis results show that the three models are able to provide an accurate average estimation of shear strength (but with a coefficient of variation up to 0.35) when FRP reinforcement orthogonal to the beam axis is considered, while a significant underestimation (up to 19%) affected the results for inclined FRP reinforcement. Moreover, all the models underestimated the resistance of beams with a T section.
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Sun, W., and M. Achintha. "Exploitation of FRP fabric Reinforcement: Innovation beyond FRP bars." Structures 34 (December 2021): 1099–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2021.07.083.
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AlNajmi, Laith, and Farid Abed. "Evaluation of FRP Bars under Compression and Their Performance in RC Columns." Materials 13, no. 20 (2020): 4541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13204541.
Full textAbstract:
The behavior of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) bars under compression is not fully understood yet due to the limited research in this area. However, the long-term durability, weathering resistance, and exceptional mechanical properties of FRP bars justify the need for their use in compression members. The main objectives of this study are to evaluate the mechanical properties of glass FRP (GFRP) and basalt FRP (BFRP) bars under compression and examine their performances as main longitudinal reinforcements in reinforced concrete (RC) columns. In the first part of this research, a series of static compression tests were conducted on GFRP and BFRP bars of different diameters. The second part of this research numerically investigated the behavior of FRP-RC columns under concentric and eccentric loading using the mechanical properties of the FRP bars obtained experimentally. Nonlinear finite element models were developed to simulate the compressive behavior of the concrete columns reinforced with GFRP and BFRP bars. The FE models were verified with the experimental results conducted previously. The verified FE models are then utilized to conduct a parametric analysis considering two different column geometries and cross-sections, five reinforcement ratios, two concrete compressive strengths, three types of ties materials, and several loading eccentricities to develop a set of interaction diagrams that may provide valuable data for design purposes. The results indicated that the FRP bars could have a significant contribution to the overall capacity of FRP-RC columns by up to 35% of the total force at failure, depending on the reinforcement ratio. The performance of both the GFRP- and BFRP-RC columns was almost similar in terms of capacity, deflection, and bar strength contribution.