Academic literature on the topic 'Fruct'

<p>Hensikten med denne masteroppgaven i Innovation Management, har vært å klargjøre de ulike faktorene som har påvirket prosessen med å få til eksport av frukt og grønnsaker fra Kroatia til Skandinavia, og mer konkret fra Erdut kommune i Øst-Slavonia til COOP Norge.</p><p>I kapittel tre har vi beskrevet relevant teori som belyser fagfeltet som er omhandlet i denne oppgaven.</p><p>Siden det har manglet sekundærdata som beskriver antall gårdsbruk, produkter som dyrkes, tilgjengelig teknologi, bruk av sprøytemidler og lignende, har vi gjennomført undersøkelser som beskriver situasjonen og potensialet for eksport fra regionen. Disse undersøkelsene ble gjennomført sammen med lokale partnere.</p><p>I tillegg gjennomførte vi to eksperimenter for å se om personell og produksjonsprosessen kunne levere den kvaliteten som markedet og kundene krevde . Disse eksperimentene ble mulige ved at COOP Norge kunne delta aktivt som en krevende og kompetent kunde i denne fasen av prosjektet. Begge eksperimentene avslørte til dels store avvik fra kundens krav. Det ble derfor iverksatt to kvalitative undersøkelser blant de lokale produsentene, representanter fra lokalt næringsliv, og våre lokale partnere i området. Hensikten med denne kvalitative undersøkelsen var å finne årsakene til leveringsproblemene og prøve å finne strategier for å få til gode leveranser i framtida.</p><p>Disse dataene ga oss relevant informasjon om årsakene til problemene og identifiserte kritiske suksessfaktorer for videreføring.</p><p>Eksperimentene viste at eksport av frukt og grønt fra dette området ga omlag den dobbelte inntjeningen av tilsvarende leveranser til det lokale markedet. Selv om dataene er begrenset i denne undersøkelsen, så opplever vi at de faktorene som ble tatt fram i denne undersøkelsen kan være relevante for tilsvarende prosjekter andre steder i denne regionen.</p><p>Basert på våre funn og den teoretiske drøftingen har vi kommet fram til følgende anbefalinger for å håndtere eksportprosjekter av frukt og grønt fra denne regionen:</p><p>- Dersom eksportprosjekter som dette skal lykkes, er det etter vår mening viktig at en krevende kunde deltar aktivt i prosjektet, og blir tidlig involvert. Dette for å kunne beskrive marked og markedskrav og spille en aktiv rolle i å utforme viktig detaljer og påvirke utviklingen av verdikjeden .</p><p>- Opplæring av nøkkelpersonell er viktig både for å endre mentale bilder og for å få introdusert nye arbeidsmetoder som er kritiske for å få til god kvalitet.</p><p>- For å styre disse to faktorene er det viktig å få på plass en lokal, sterk og kompetant prosjektleder. Nøkkelen er å finne en person som har evnen til å lede i en god balanse mellom transaksjons- og transformasjonsbasert lederskap. Prosjektledelsen trenger å involvere og motivere produsenter, men samtidig må de være i stand til å intervenere når det er nødvendig å korrigere prosessen (stoppe aktiviteter som har negativ effekt og holde et sterkt fokus på riktig sortering, pakking og kvalitetskontroll)</p><p>- Introdusere et system for sporbarhet og visuell kontroll slik at alle produsentene kan identifiseres og knyttes direkte til de leverte produktene. Hensikten er ikke hovedsakelig kontroll, men for å kunne skape en læringsarena og drive kompetanseutvikling.</p><p>- Prosjektet som dette der de gamle mentale bildene blir utfordret og må erstattes av nye, vil alltid trenge tid til å modnes og utvikles. Det er derfor viktig å ikke undervurdere tidsaspektet samt legge vekt på tett oppfølging og tilrettelegging i tidlige faser.</p>

Thesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Fruit size and the integrity of the rind are key components that determine the value of a citrus fruit. The application of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) to reduce splitting, a physiological disorder which entails cracking of the rind as well as to increase fruit size was conducted on three different split-susceptible mandarin and two split-susceptible orange cultivars. Treatments were applied directly after the physiological fruit drop period, as well as in January and February at 10 mg·L-1, alone or in combination with calcium (Ca), potassium (K) or gibberellic acid (GA3). Application of 2,4-D directly after physiological fruit drop, either alone or in a tank-mix with K, consistently reduced the number of split mandarin fruit, with later applications in January and February generally being ineffective. Post physiological fruit drop application of 10 mg·L-1 2,4-D significantly increased growth rate (mm.day-1) of all the mandarin cultivars, resulting in increased fruit size. Differences in sensitivity of cultivars to 2,4-D were evident, with the January application reducing the splitting in ‘Midknight’ Valencia. However, all the 2,4-D treatments reduced the fruit growth rate of the orange cultivars. The 2,4-D treatments, in terms of splitting, increased rind thickness, -strength and -coarseness of ‘Marisol’ Clementine, throughout fruit development. In addition fruit diameter and –length increased to such an extent that the fruit shape was altered (reduced d/l-ratio), reducing the potential of the rind to crack and the fruit to split, however rind coarseness of treated fruit was also increased. There were no major negative side effects on internal and external fruit quality, except for a possible reduction in juice content (%). Therefore, 10 mg·L-1 2,4-D can be applied directly after physiological fruit drop on ‘Marisol’ Clementine and ‘Mor’ mandarin to reduce fruit splitting.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Vruggrootte asook die integriteit van die skil is belangrike aspekte in die bepaling van ʼn sitrusvrug se waarde. Die toediening van 2,4-dichlorofenoksie asynsuur (2,4-D) om vrugsplit, 'n fisiologiese defek wat tot die kraak van die sitrusskil lei, te verminder is getoets op drie mandaryn- en twee lemoenkultivars. Hiermee saam is die potensiaal van 2,4-D om vruggrootte te verbeter ook geëvalueer. Die 2,4-D behandelings is direk na die fisiologiese vrugval periode toegedien, asook in Januarie en Februarie, teen 10 mg·L-1, alleen of in kombinasie met kalsium (Ca), kalium (K) of gibberelliensuur (GS3). Al die mandarynkultivars het ʼn vermindering in die totale aantal gesplete vrugte getoon indien die 2,4-D (enkel of in kombinasie met K) toegedien was direk na fisiologiese vrugval. Suksesvolle behandelings het ook 'n toename in vruggrootte tot gevolg gehad. Toediening van behandelings in Januarie en Februarie was oor die algemeen oneffektief. Verskille in kultivar sensitiwiteit teenoor 2,4-D is gevind, met vrugsplit in ‘Midknight’ Valencia wat verminder was deur die Januarie toediening van 2,4-D. Al die 2,4-D behandelings het vruggrootte van die lemoenkultivars verlaag. Daar is bevind dat die 10 mg.L-1 2,4-D, enkel of in kombinasie met K, ‘n toename in beide skildikte en –sterkte van ‘Marisol’ Clementine teweeg bring asook ʼn growwer skil. Behandelings met 2,4-D het vrugdeursnee en –lengte laat toeneem, wat ʼn verandering in vrugvorm tot gevolg gehad het, tot so ʼn mate dat vrugte minder geneig was om gesplete te wees. Behalwe vir ʼn moontlike verlaging in die sapinhoud (%) van vrugte, was daar geen noemenswaardige negatiewe effekte op interne en eksterne vrugkwaliteit nie. Die toediening van 10 mg.L-1 2,4-D direk na fisiologiese vrugval kan dus aanbeveel word op mandaryn kultivars wat geneig is tot vrugsplit.<br>The Citrus Academy

En la actualidad, el mundo entero está pasando por una situación excepcional y retadora. Esto se debe a la pandemia que ha tocado vivir atodos los ciudadanos en estos tiempos. Por ello, se ha visto necesario acceder a cuarentenas focalizadas para evitar cualquier tipo de contagios por el acercamiento o aglomeración de personas, ello ha ocasionado que varios negocios quiebren al disminuir notoriamente sus ingresos mensuales.En el presente trabajo, se busca la viabilidad de un servicio que mezcla las ventas online junto con productos que ayuden a levantar las defensas en las personas, especialmente en estos tiempos que se amerita estar muy bien alimentados. Lo que busca este proyecto es poder combatir los malos hábitos de consumo a través de frutos exóticos de la selva peruana que aporten vitaminas y/o nutrientes que mejoren el estilo de vida con fines sociales para comunidades de la selva peruana.Por ello, luego de realizar un proceso de idealización el cual permitió escoger la idea de negocio más asertiva, se realizó el modelo de negocio que permite una mayor descripción de nuestro proyecto. Posterior a ello, se realizaron experimentos para validar el mismo. Finalmente, se realizó el concierge con todos los resultados obtenidos de las validaciones y estrategias junto con los objetivos a desarrollar.<br>Currently, the entire world is going through an exceptional and challenging situation. This is due to the pandemic that all citizens have experienced in these times. For this reason, it has been necessary to access focused quarantines to avoid any type of contagion due to the approach or agglomeration of people, this has caused several businesses to go bankrupt by significantly reducing their monthly income.This proyect triesto find the viability of a service that mixes online sales with products that helps to raise people's defenses is sought, especially in these times when it is necessary to be very well fed. This project seeks is to be able to combat bad consumption habits through exotic fruits from the Peruvian jungle that provide vitamins and / or nutrients that improve the lifestyle for social purposes for communities in the Peruvian jungle.Therefore, after carrying out an idealization process which allowed us to choose the most assertive business idea, the business model that allows a greater description of our project was created. After that, experiments were carried out to validate it. Finally, the concierge was held with all the results obtained from the validations and strategies together with the objectives to be developed.<br>Trabajo de investigación

Thesis (MscAgric (Horticulture))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: For many apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) and pear (Pyrus communis L.) cultivars, attractive colour is essential to their profitability on export markets. This study focuses on problems related to poor green colour of ‘Granny Smith’ apples and insufficient red colour of bi-coloured pear cultivars. ‘Granny Smith’ apples often suffer from poor green colour. Green colour of fruit from various orchards was already found to differ midway through fruit development, with these differences being carried through to harvest. In a trial where nitrogen (N) fertilisers were applied using different forms at different times, there was no improvement in green colour. In another trial, artificial shading was applied to fruit only during their early development. Fruit that were shaded during this time were less green at harvest than unshaded fruit. Additional N applications may only improve colour where a deficiency exists. However, green colour may be improved by increasing light distribution early during fruit development. Bi-coloured pears attain their maximum red colour midway through their development, and this desired red colour is mostly lost prior to harvest. Red colour can also increase transiently with the passing of cold fronts. Anthocyanins, responsible for this red colour, may have a photoprotective function which would explain this pigmentation pattern, as photosystems are particularly sensitive to light damage at low temperatures. As ‘Rosemarie’ fruit bent over from a vertical to hanging position during development, peel photoinhibition was reduced as anthocyanins were synthesised. ‘Forelle’ peel was found to be very sensitive to high light levels at low temperatures. Substantial anthocyanin development took place in ‘Cripps’ Pink’ apples when weather conditions were cold, but clear following a cold front. A photoprotective role seems to explain daily changes in anthocyanins in response to temperature, but not the seasonal progression of colour development. For many apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) and pear (Pyrus communis L.) cultivars, attractive colour is essential to their profitability on export markets. This study focuses on problems related to poor green colour of ‘Granny Smith’ apples and insufficient red colour of bi-coloured pear cultivars. ‘Granny Smith’ apples often suffer from poor green colour. Green colour of fruit from various orchards was already found to differ midway through fruit development, with these differences being carried through to harvest. In a trial where nitrogen (N) fertilisers were applied using different forms at different times, there was no improvement in green colour. In another trial, artificial shading was applied to fruit only during their early development. Fruit that were shaded during this time were less green at harvest than unshaded fruit. Additional N applications may only improve colour where a deficiency exists. However, green colour may be improved by increasing light distribution early during fruit development. Bi-coloured pears attain their maximum red colour midway through their development, and this desired red colour is mostly lost prior to harvest. Red colour can also increase transiently with the passing of cold fronts. Anthocyanins, responsible for this red colour, may have a photoprotective function which would explain this pigmentation pattern, as photosystems are particularly sensitive to light damage at low temperatures. As ‘Rosemarie’ fruit bent over from a vertical to hanging position during development, peel photoinhibition was reduced as anthocyanins were synthesised. ‘Forelle’ peel was found to be very sensitive to high light levels at low temperatures. Substantial anthocyanin development took place in ‘Cripps’ Pink’ apples when weather conditions were cold, but clear following a cold front. A photoprotective role seems to explain daily changes in anthocyanins in response to temperature, but not the seasonal progression of colour development. Dwarfing rootstocks are known to improve red colour of bi-coloured pears due to improved light distribution. ‘Forelle’ fruit from six rootstocks of varying vigour were harvested from exposed positions only, so as to establish the effect of rootstock on red colour development independent of the effect of rootstock on canopy light distribution. Fruit from trees on quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) rootstocks were found to have redder fruit than those from vigorous BP pear rootstocks. This may be due to higher chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations present in the peel of fruit from BP rootstocks, whose leaf and peel N were also high. The use of quince rootstocks is recommended where red colour development of bi-coloured pears is a problem. An early season bi-coloured cultivar with good red colour is required. Breeding trials to find such a cultivar are resource intensive. To streamline the process, a method to preselect immature seedlings for their future fruit colour is required. Fruit colour from bearing seedlings was compared with colour of their immature leaves. Trees with red leaves were likely to produce fruit that were too red for the breeders’ requirements. Trees with green or blushed leaves were capable of producing blushed fruit. It would be feasible to cull red-leaved seedlings with minimal risk of losing potential bi-coloured cultivars.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Verskeie appel (Malus domestica Borkh.) en peer (Pyrus communis L.) kultivars se winsgewendheid word bepaal deur hul aantreklike kleur. In hierdie studie word die swak groen kleur van ‘Granny Smith’ appels asook rooi kleurontwikkeling van blospere ondersoek. Die groen kleur van ‘Granny Smith’ appels is dikwels onvoldoende. Verskille in groen kleur tussen boorde was reeds gedurende vroeë vrugontwikkeling aanwesig, en hierdie verskille het voortgeduur tot met oes. Groen kleur kon nie deur verskillende bronne en tye van stikstofbemesting verbeter word nie. Stikstofbemesting verbeter groen kleur moontlik net in boorde met ‘n stikstoftekort. Vrugte wat gedurende hul vroeë ontwikkeling oorskadu is, se groen kleur was swakker by oes in vergelyking met vrugte wat nie oorskadu is nie. Groen kleur kan moontlik verbeter word deur ligverspreiding tydens vroeë vrugontwikkeling deur middel van snoei aksies te verhoog. Blospeerkultivars bereik hul maksimum rooi kleur halfpad deur hul ontwikkeling, maar is geneig om hul rooi kleur grootliks voor oes te verloor. Rooi kleur mag egter kortstondig toeneem in reaksie op die lae temperature gepaardgaande met koue fronte. Antosianiene, wat verantwoordelik is vir die rooi kleur, het moontlik ‘n beskermende funksie teen hoë ligvlakke, en hierdie funksie mag moontlik die bogenoemde patroon van rooikleurontwikkeling verklaar. Die natuurlike buiging van ‘Rosemarie’ pere van hul aanvanklike regop oriëntasie tot hul karakteristieke hangende posisie, is gekenmerk deur ‘n afname in fotoinhibisie van die skil en ‘n gelyklopende sintese van antosianien. ‘Forelle’ skil was uiters sensitief vir hoë ligvlakke in kombinasie met lae temperature (16 ºC). ‘Cripps’ Pink’ appels het ‘n vinnig toename in rooi kleur getoon met die koue, maar helder, weerstoestande wat gevolg het op ‘n kouefront. Dit is welbekend dat dwergende onderstamme die rooi kleur van blospere verbeter deur ligverspreiding in die boom te verhoog. Ten einde die effek van onderstam op rooi kleurontwikkeling onafhanklik van die effek van onderstam op ligverspreiding te ondersoek, is ‘Forelle’ pere wat blootgestel was aan vol son geoes van bome geënt op ses onderstamme met verskillende groeikrag. Kweperonderstamme (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) het rooi kleur verbeter in vergelyking met die groeikragtige BP peeronderstamme. ‘n Moontlike rede vir die verbetering is die laer chlorofiel- en karotenoïedkonsentrasies in die skil van vrugte op kweperonderstamme. Bome op peeronderstamme het ook hoër blaaren skil stikstofvlakke gehad. Kweperonderstamme word aanbeveel in gevalle waar rooi kleurontwikkeling van blospere ‘n probleem mag wees. Die RSA vrugtebedryf benodig ‘n vroeë blospeerkultivar met goeie rooi kleurontwikkeling. Die teling van so ‘n kultivar is hulpbronintensief en baie duur. Ten einde die teelproses meer effektief te maak, word ‘n metode benodig om saailinge al voor uitplanting in die boord te selekteer na gelang van hul toekomstige vrugkleur. Die vrugkleur van oesryp pere van draende saailinge is vergelyk met die kleur van hul onvolwasse blare. Bome met rooi blare is geneig om vrugte te dra wat té rooi is om te kwalifiseer as blospere. Die meerderheid blospere is afkomstig van bome met blos of groen onvolwasse blare. Dit is prakties haalbaar om rooiblaarsaailinge uit te dun, met net ‘n klein, aanvaarbare risiko om ‘n moontlike blospeerkultivar in die proses te verloor.<br>medg2010-1<br>Imported from http://etd.sun.ac.za April 2010.

TESIS PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE MAGÍSTER EN ADMINISTRACIÓN<br>Meade, Fanny, [Parte I], Arango, Emilio, [Parte II]<br>Instafruit, es una empresa 100% Panameña, dedicada a la producción y comercialización de mezclas de fruta congelada 100% Natural sin presevantes ni azucares añadidas, ideal para la preparación de un delicioso jugo, batido o smoothie de la manera más fácil y practica para cualquier ocasión del día. Instafruit es una oportunidad de negocio que tiene como propuesta de valor, ofrecer un producto 100% natural, consistente en sabor en cada servida gracias a que contiene la porción exacta de cada una de las frutas mezcladas, que permite a su vez la reducción de merma al momento de picar la misma fruta entera, reducir el tiempo de preparación, poder conservar el producto por un periodo de 6 meses en los congeladores de nuestro hogar manteniendo los mismo nutrientes y lo más innovador aun, poder recibir el producto en la comodidad de nuestro domicilio gracias al sistema de suscripción. El consumo nacional de fruta en Panamá per cápita reporta un consumo de 84.6 Kilos de fruta anuales, el cual ha reflejado una tasa de crecimiento de alrededor 5% anual durante los últimos 10 años y que promete tener variaciones positivas de consumo, esto en gran parte por las nuevas tendencias de consumo de las personas por consumir productos saludables, frescos, de preferencia 100% natural, que sean fácil y convenientes de preparar y que permitan contra restar el problema de falta de tiempo que tiene las personas en su día a día. El mercado objetivo por instafruit, son personas que valoran llevar un estilo de vida saludable y que para ello buscan opciones de productos que sean 100% natural, hombres y mujeres en la provincia de Panamá, de un nivel socio económico medio – alto, activamente laborando, el cual nos arroja un tamaño de mercado total de $77 Millones de ventas anuales, con base en las investigaciones de mercado realizadas en campo y a un precio percibido por los clientes entre las ofertas existentes. Para la puesta en marcha de este proyecto se requiere realizar una inversión inicial de $187 Mil dólares, que considera los principales activos fijos para la planta, activos intangibles, capital de trabajo y gastos de puesta en marcha. De acuerdo al análisis financiero bajo los supuesto, costos directos y gastos fijos definidos; arroja que es un proyecto rentable, un VAN positivo para un periodo de evaluación de 5 años de $102 Mil dólares; una TIR de 38% y un Payback de 4 años, el cual de acuerdo a los análisis de sensibilidad pueden ser mejorados con un VAN de $283 Mil Dólares y un Payback de 2 años por medio del poder de negociación por volumen de la materia prima clave (Fruta). De igual forma, se ofrece una propuesta a los inversionistas atractiva y difícil de rechazar de un 40% de las acciones por el 25% de la inversión inicial a un periodo de retorno de inversión de 5 años.