Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Fructooligosaccharides'
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Perrin, Sophie. "Utilisation des fructooligosaccharides et de leurs composants saccharidiques par les bifidobactéries." Nancy 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NAN10012.
Full textPindura, Mitchell Kingsley Chido. "The synthesis of fructooligosaccharides by the fructofuranosidase FopAp from Aspergillus niger." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018267.
Full textBrooks, Kayla Leanne. "The Safety and Adequacy of Galactooligosaccharides and Fructooligosaccharides in Infant Pig Formula." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50440.
Full textMaster of Science
Jung, Deborah Osterholm. "QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE TOTAL BACTERIA, LACTOBACILLUS, AND BIFIDOBACTERIUM COLONIC MICROFLORA IN RATS FED CONVENTIONAL, PREBIOTIC, AND PROBIOTIC SOY DIETS." OpenSIUC, 2015. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1778.
Full textGOURRONC, FRANCOISE. "Purification, caracterisation et production d'endoinulinase. Production de fructooligosaccharides a partir d'inuline de chicoree." Reims, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998REIMS023.
Full textRabiu, Bodun Abdulrahman. "Catabolite regulation and utilisation of polysaccharides, fructooligosaccharides and novel galactooligosaccharides by human gut bacteria." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621124.
Full textKhatun, Most Sheauly. "Biotransformation of low-value sugarcane molasses to high-value fructooligosaccharides as functional feed prebiotics." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2022. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/229975/1/Most%20Sheauly_Khatun_Thesis.pdf.
Full textRespondek, Frédérique. "Effets des fructo-oligosaccharides sur la sensibilité à l'insuline." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM5065.
Full textAn adequate intake of dietary has proven to protect against the risk to develop type 2 diabetes, for which the prevalence is currently increasing all around the world. Among the different mechanisms that could explain how dietary fibres can contribute to insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis, involvement of the gut microbiota seems more than likely. However it is not always possible to differentiate the effects that linked to the microbiota from those induced a reduction of the glycaemic index or those induced by some micronutrients sometimes closely associated to dietary fibres. The experiments conducted during this PhD validate that fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), poorly viscous prebiotic fibres, can enhance insulin sensitivity if different animal models of diet-induced obesity. Reduction of insulin sensitivity resulting from overweight status is not completely solved by FOS but their effect is not linked to weight loss. Moreover, a direct correlation between the modifications of the composition and activities of the intestinal microbiota triggered by FOS and metabolism of the host has been highlighted. This work reveals that more than a single increase of Bifidobacteria already well documented, FOS can alter other bacterial clusters more predominant within the digestive ecosystem like Clostridium leptum and Clostridium coccoides – Eubacterium rectale. By modulating these populations, FOS will alter the metabolism of biliary acids and the level of monounsaturated fatty acids hydroxylation
Mavumengwana, Vuyo Bhongelethu. "Isolation, purification and characterization of inulin and fructooligosaccharides from chicorium intybus and inulinase from aspergillus niger." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004013.
Full textLobo, Alexandre Rodrigues. ""Efeito dos frutanos (frutooligossacarídeos) na biodisponibilidade de cálcio e magnésio em ratos"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9132/tde-20072004-135934/.
Full textFructans, fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and inulin, are carbohydrates comprising fructose molecules linked or not to a terminal sucrose molecule. Because of the biological effects of its consumption, they are considered as fibers. Studies have demonstrated that fructans are intensely fermented in the large intestine, thus rendering a favorable environment to mineral absorption. In the present work, the effects of FOS from Raftilose and from yacon tuberous roots on the bioavailability of Ca and Mg in growing rats were evaluated. Two biological assays were carried out, the first one lasting 23 days (n=16) and the second one lasting 27 days (n=24). In the first assay, weanling male Wistar Hannover rats were fed diets supplemented with Raftilose (5% FOS). In the second assay, they were fed diets supplemented with yacon flour (5 and 7.5% FOS). In both assays, the control diet followed AIN-93G. All diets were supplemented with 7.5g calcium/kg diet. Diet and water were given ad libitum. Feces (first and second assays) and urine (second assay) were collected along the 3 experimental periods (4th, 10th and 16th days of experiment), each period lasting 5 days. The animals were sacrificed and their livers, spleens and kidneys were removed and weighed. The cecum was removed and its contents and wall were weighed. After centrifuging the contents, residues (R) and supernatant (S) were weighed and the pH of S was determined using a chemical tape. In the second assay, portions of the cecum and proximal colon walls were fixed in Bouins alcoholic solution and then transfered to a 70% ethanol solution, aiming histological analyses. The bones (femur and tibia) were removed for bone mineral density (BMD) analyses, mineral contents and mechanical properties (only the femur). Ca and Mg analyses were also performed on the feces (apparent absorption), urine (mineral balance) and cecal contents. The results were evaluated using analysis of variance (ANOVA), considering a significance of 95%. Significant increases in the weight and moisture of feces and in the weight of the cecum (contents and wall) were observed. Besides, the consumption of FOS significantly stimulated the absorption and mineral balance, although such an effect was not so evident for Mg. That increase was reflected in a greater bone mineral retention, confirmed through atomic absorption spectrophotometry analyses. A positive effect on mechanical properties (maximum load and hardness) was observed in the femur of animals feeding on FOS, relatively to the control groups. On the other hand, no significant differences in BMD were observed in any of the bone regions analysed (proximal, midshaft and distal) among the experimental groups. Histological analyses demonstrated a noticeable increase in the depth and number of cecum crypts, as well as in the number of bifurcated crypts. The positive effects on intestinal absorption, mineral retention and mechanical behavior of the bones, observed in the present study, show an important role of FOS in healthy bones.
Silva, Juliana Bueno da. "Síntese de frutooligossacarídeos pela biotransformação da sacarose por micro-organismos osmofílicos." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/332419.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: Os frutooligossacarídeos (FOS) são ingredientes de grande importância na indústria de alimentos e têm despertado muita atenção nos últimos anos por possuírem aplicações variadas e apresentarem propriedades prebióticas. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a produção biotecnologica de FOS a partir de micro-organismos osmofílicos em um proceso de biotransformação utilizando células íntegras microbianas. As linhagens de Bacillus sp. e Aureobasidium sp, previamente isoladas de favo-de-mel e identificadas, foram primeiramente avaliadas quantos aos principais parâmetros de produção utilizando a metodologia de Superfície de Resposta, precisamente pelo Placket-Burman (PB), nos quais foram analisados 12 parâmetros para cada um dos microrganismos, dentre eles, a concentração da sacarose, inóculo, extrato de levedura, K2HPO4, (NH4)2SO4, MgSO4.7H2O, ZnSO4, MnSO4.7H2O, pH, temperatura e agitação. O Bacillus sp. apresentou 5 fatores significativos, sendo o pH, temperatura e agitação com efeitos negativos e o extrato de levedura e sulfato de amônia com efeitos positivos. Já o Aureobasidium sp. apresentou efeito positivo apenas para os parâmetros concentração de sacarose e sulfato de magnésio, sugerindo que o melaço de cana-de-açúcar, o qual era utilizado apenas para este microrganismo na etapa de cultivo do inóculo, poderia estar carreando nutrientes essenciais ao processo. A partir desta etapa, o trabalho teve continuidade apenas com a linhagem Aureobasidium sp. utilizando planejamentos experimentais sequenciais, a fim de se obter a faixa ótima de produção de FOS totais para esse processo. O estudo realizado para avaliar o efeito do melaço como meio de cultivo para o crescimento e obtenção do inóculo microbiano para o processo, demonstrou que a suplementação com nutrientes, avaliados na etapa do PB, era desnecessária, e o meio para síntese de FOS foi definido em apenas sacarose sem suplementação de nutrientes, com o inóculo na forma de suspensão celular cultivado previamente em meio a base de melaço. A produção neste momento atingia valores de 287,6 e 251,5 g/L de FOS totais e rendimentos de 72% e 63% em 24 e 48 horas respectivamente, com uma produtividade de 12 g/L.h às 24 horas de incubação. Em seguida foi realizado o planejamento fatorial fracionado para 4 variáveis definidas em tempo de cultivo e concentração do melaço, na etapa do cultivo do inóculo, e concentração de sacarose e de inóculo para a síntese de FOS, cujos apresentaram-se positivos com exceção ao tempo de cultivo que não demonstrou efeito nas condições avaliadas. Os valores de produção atingidos na etapa do fatorial foram de 333 g/L e 354 g/L de FOS totais e rendimentos de 60,5% e 64% em 24 e 48 horas respectivamente, e produtividade de 13,8 g/L.h às 24 horas de incubação. Após esses resultados, fixou-se a concentração do melaço em 10% de açúcares redutores totais, permanecendo apenas a concentração de sacarose e inóculo como variáveis para prosseguir o planejamento. A otimização desses dois fatores por Delineamento Composto Central Rotacional (DCCR), possibilitou definir 4 modelos significativos ao processo, atingindo faixas ótimas de produção para cada FOS como o GF2, GF3 e GF4, e revelou a condição ótima para o processo em 600 a 650 g/L de sacarose e de 20 a 23% de inóculo, resultando em uma produção de 351 e 374 g/L de FOS e rendimentos de 53,5% e 57% em 24 e 48 horas respectivamente, atingindo uma produtividade de 14,7 g/L.h às 24 horas de incubação. Após definida a condição ótima do processo, o xarope de cana-de-açúcar, que é o caldo concentrado, foi utilizado como substrato alternativo à substituição da sacarose pura na produção de FOS. Os valores de rendimentos obtidos foram de 54%, entretanto as concentração de FOS totais foram de 110 g/L uma vez que a concentração inicial de sacarose no xarope era de apenas 203 g/L. A maioria dos experimentos revelou que o micro-organismo manteve-se viável e em crescimento durante o período de incubação, de acordo com os valores de biomassa e atividade enzimática avaliados nos experimentos. Sendo assim, foi proposto avaliar o processo em um biorreator de bancada de 7L, cujo foi conduzido inicialmente em sistema de batelada e após as 48 horas o processo passou a ser contínuo com taxa de diluição de 0,04.h-1 por mais 72 horas, totalizando 120 horas de cultivo. A concentração média de FOS totais produzidos foi de 228 g/L e uma produtividade média foi de 9 g/L.h
Abstract: Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are considered food ingredients with very significance for food industry that has receiving attention in the last few years, because of their functional properties for the health as prebiotics and industrial application. The objective of the present work was evaluate the biotechnological production of FOS by osmophilics microorganisms in a biotransformation process using free whole cells. Firstly the effects of production parameters using Bacillus sp. and Auerobasidium sp. strains. was employed by the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) exactly Plackett-Burman Design with 12 variables: concentration of sucrose, inoculum, yeast extract, K2HPO4, (NH4)2SO4, MgSO4.7H2O, ZnSO4, MnSO4.7H2O, pH, temperature and agitation. The Bacillus sp. showed 5 significant parameters, as pH, temperature and agitation with negative effect and yeast extract and ammonium sulfate with positive effect. The Aureobasidium sp. presents positive effect only for sucrose and magnesium sulfate concentration, which suggested the inoculum culture was caring nutrients from sugar cane molasses, that was the base of the inoculum cultivation for Aureobasidium sp. The work has continued only with Aureobasidum sp. applying sequential planning experiments to optimize the process. The experiment for evaluate the molasses effect as inoculum cultivation medium on process showed that nutrients supplementation, used in the PB design, wasn¿t necessary, consequently, the FOS synthesis medium was defined as sucrose, without nutrients supplements and the inoculum as cellular suspension previously cultivated in molasses medium. Total FOS data, at this point, reached 287.6 and 251.5 g/L with 72% and 63% of yield data at 24 and 48 hours respectively, with 12 g/L.h of productivity at 24 hours. Subsequently, the factorial planning was realized with 4 parameters as cultivation time and molasses concentration, in the inoculum cultivation step, and sucrose and inoculum concentration for the FOS synthesis. Almost all these factors showed positive effect, exception of inoculum cultivation time. The total FOS data, at this point, was 333 and 354 g/L with 60.5% and 64% of yield data at 24 and 48 hours respectively, with 13.8 g/L.h of productivity at 24 hours. Regarding these data, the molasses concentration was fixed at 10% of total reduce sugars, remaining only sucrose and inoculum concentration as variables to continue the planning. The two factors optimization was proceed by Central Composite Rotational Design (CCRD) that allowed defined 4 significant process model, aimed optimum production scales for which one FOS, as GF2, GF3 and GF4, that reveals the optimum process condition in 600 to 650 g/L of sucrose and 20 to 23% of inoculum, resulting in 351 and 354 g/L of total FOS data and 53.5% e 57% of yield data at 24 and 48 hours respectively, with 14.7 g/L.h of productivity at 24 hours. After defined the optimum process condition, the sugar cane syrup was evaluated as alternative substrate to pure sucrose for FOS production. The yield data reached was 54%, however the total FOS concentration was 110 g/L due to the small initial sucrose concentration on syrup that was 203 g/L. All the experiments showed significant microorganism growth and increase enzyme activity during the process. For this reason, the process was conducted in a 7L bioreactor, using initially batch system and after 48 hours the system was changed to continuous process with 0.04. h-1 for more 72 hours, with 120 total hours process. Data values showed the 9 g/L.h of productivity and 228 g/L of total FOS concentration
Doutorado
Ciência de Alimentos
Doutora em Ciência de Alimentos
Geraghty, Maureen Elizabeth. "Physiological and molecular indicators of change in the intestinal microflora of postmenopausal women consuming soy and fructooligosaccharides (FOS)." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1149013040.
Full textTrollope, Kim Mary. "Engineering a fungal β-fructofuranosidase." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96757.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: β-fructofuranosidases are hydrolytic enzymes that act on sucrose to yield the products glucose and fructose. Under high substrate conditions these enzymes display fructosyltransferase activity which results in the synthesis of fructooligosaccharides (FOS). Some enzymes display higher propensities for FOS synthesis than others, with the determinants of this activity remaining unclear. The consumption of FOS produces a prebiotic effect that positively alters the composition of the colonic microflora, and as a result is linked to improved human and animal health. The increased demand for FOS has necessitated the industrial production of these nutraceuticals. In enzymatic sucrose biotransformation processes operating at high substrate loading and temperatures between 50 and 60°C, β-fructofuranosidase activity is negatively influenced by glucose product inhibition and thermal instability. The aim of this study was therefore to engineer the Aspergillus japonicus β-fructofuranosidase, FopA, to improve a FOS synthesis bioprocess. A dual approach was employed to engineer FopA so as to increase the probability of obtaining an improved enzyme variant(s). A random mutagenesis approach was applied to harness the potential of the randomness of introduced mutations as precise structural knowledge of the enzyme regions involved in the phenotypic presentation of product inhibition, specific activity and thermal stability was unavailable. A semi-rational approach afforded the additional opportunity to reduce the number of variants to be screened, yet theoretically increased the functional content of the library. This study details the development of a method to rapidly quantify FOS using Fourier transform mid infrared attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy and multivariate data analysis. The method offers improvements over conventionally used high performance liquid chromatography in terms of reduced sample analysis times and the absence of toxic waste products. This is the first report on the direct screening of an enzyme variant library for FOS synthesis to identify improved variants and will significantly support future engineering of β-fructofuranosidases using random mutagenesis approaches. The random mutagenesis approach yielded a variant displaying limited relief from glucose inhibition. At the peak difference in performance, the variant produced 28% more FOS from the same amount of sucrose, when compared to the parent. The semi-rational approach, using a combined crystal structure and evolutionary-guided approach, yielded a four amino acid combination variant displaying improved specific activity and thermostability that was able to reduce the time to completion of an industrial-like FOS synthesis reaction by 26%. The positive outcome of the semi-rational approach showed that engineering loops regions in an enzyme is a feasible strategy to improve both specific activity and thermostability, most probably due to the modification of enzyme structural flexibility. A bioinformatic tool that enables the identification of β-fructofuranosidases displaying high-level FOS synthesis from protein sequence alone was also developed during the study. These investigations revealed conserved sequence motifs characteristic of enzymes displaying low- and high-level FOS synthesis and a structural loop, unique to the latter group, that were readily applicable identifiers of FOS synthesis capacity. The tool presented may also be useful to improve the understanding of the structure-function relationships of β-fructofuranosidases by facilitating the identification of variations in groups of enzymes that have been functionally sub-classified.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: β-fruktofuranosidases is hidrolitiese ensieme wat op sukrose inwerk en glukose en fruktose as produkte vorm. Onder toestande met hoë substraatkondisies vertoon hierdie ensieme fruktosieltransferase-aktiwiteit wat tot die sintese van frukto-oligosakkariede (FOS) lei. Sommige ensieme neig na ʼn hoër FOS-sintese as ander, maar die bepalende faktore vir hierdie aktiwiteit is nog onbekend. Die verbruik van FOS veroorsaak ʼn prebiotiese effek wat die samestelling van kolon mikroflora positief beïnvloed en met verhoogde mens- en dieregesondheid verbind word. Die verhoogde aanvraag vir FOS het die industriële produksie van hierdie nutraseutiese middel genoodsaak. Tydens ensiemgedrewe sukrose-biotransformasieprosesse by hoë substraatladings en temperature tussen 50 en 60 °C, word β-fruktofuranosidase-aktiwiteit negatief deur glukose produkonderdrukking en termiese onstabiliteit beïnvloed. Die doel van hierdie studie was dus om die Aspergillus japonicus β-fruktofuranosidase, FopA, vir ʼn verbeterde FOS-sintese bioproses te manipuleer. ʼn Tweeledige benadering is vir FopA manipulasie gevolg om die waarskynlikheid van verbeterde variant(e) te verhoog. ʼn Lukrake mutagenese benadering, wat die potensiaal van ingevoegde mutasie ewekansigheid inspan, is in die lig van onvoldoende akkurate kennis van die strukturele gedeeltes betrokke by produkinhibisie-, spesifieke aktiwiteit- en termiese stabiliteit fenotipes gevolg. Die toepassing van ʼn semi-rasionele benadering het ook geleentheid vir die sifting van ʼn kleiner variantbibioloteek geskep, terwyl die funksionele inhoud teoreties verhoog word. Die studie beskryf die ontwikkeling van ʼn metode vir die vinnige kwantifisering van FOS, gebaseer op Fourier transform middel infrarooi geattenueerde totale refleksie spektroskopie en meerveranderlike data-analise. Dit is die eerste melding van ʼn direkte sifting van ʼn ensiemvariantversameling vir FOS-sintese om verbeterde variante te identifiseer, en kan die toekomstige manipulasie van β-fruktofuranosidases deur middel van lukrake mutagenese-benaderings beduidend ondersteun. Die lukrake mutagenese-benadering het ʼn variant met beperkte opheffing van glukose-onderdrukking gelewer. By die punt waar die prestasie die meeste verskil, het die variant 28% meer FOS vanaf dieselfde hoeveelheid sukrose geproduseer in vergelyking met die ouer-ensiem. Die semi-rasionele benadering, gegrond op ʼn kombinasie van kristalstruktuur en evolusionêre-geleide benaderings, het ʼn vier-aminosuurkombinasie variant met hoër spesifieke aktiwiteit en termostabiliteit gelewer wat die voltooiingstyd van ʼn tipiese industriële FOS sintesereaksie met 26% kon verkort. Die positiewe uitkoms van die semi-rasionele benadering het aangedui dat manipulasie van die lusgedeeltes in ʼn ensiem ʼn lewensvatbare strategie is om beide spesifieke aktiwiteit en termostabiliteit te verbeter, moontlik as gevolg van wysigings in die buigsaamheid van die ensiemstruktuur. ʼn Bioïnformatika-hulpmiddel vir die identifikasie van β-fruktofuranosidases met hoë vlakke van FOS-sintese op grond van proteïenvolgordes is ook tydens die studie ontwikkel. Motiewe met gekonserveerde volgordes kenmerkend van lae- en hoë-vlak FOS-produserende ensieme en ʼn strukturele lus, uniek tot die laasgenoemde groep, is tydens die ondersoek onthul wat as maklike identifiseerders van FOS-sintesekapasiteit kan dien. Die voorgestelde hulpmiddel kan ook nuttig wees om die struktuur-funksie-verwantskap van β-fruktofuranosidases beter te verstaan deur die identifikasie van variasie in ensiemgroepe wat funksioneel gesubklassifiseer is.
Hernalsteens, Saartje. "Isolamento, identificação e caracterização de microrganismos produtores de oligossacarideos a partir de coletas em diferentes regiões brasileiras." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/256545.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: Devido ao aumento da demanda por alimentos saudáveis e ao aumento da aplicação, de oligossacarídeos prebióticos, na indústria cosmética, agro-química, farmacêutica e na indústria de alimentos, a pesquisa visando a utilização de diferentes enzimas na produção dos oligossacarídeos se tornou algo necessário. O objetivo deste trabalho foi obter linhagens de leveduras, produtoras de frutooligossacarídeos a partir da sacarose. As linhagens foram isoladas de flores e frutos de diversas eco-regiões do Brasil. A partir da gama de microrganismos isolados foram selecionadas 4 cepas potencialmente aplicáveis na produção de frutooligossacarídeos: Candida sp. LEB-I3; Rhodotorula sp. LEB-U5; Cryptococcus sp. LEB-V2 e Rhodotorula sp. LEB-V10. Os quatro microrganismos estudados produzem enzimas semelhantes em relação a algumas características bioquímicas. As condições ótimas para a atividade de transferência de frutose foram pH entre 4,0 e 5,0 e temperaturas entre 65 e 70ºC, enquanto que para a atividade de frutofuranosidase o pH ótimo foi de 3,0 a 4,0 e a temperatura ótima entre 55 e 75ºC. A cinética enzimática (em relação à atividade de transferência de frutose) da enzima I3 seguiu o modelo de Michaelis-Menten, enquanto que U5 e V2 seguiram o modelo de inibição pelo substrato e a enzima V10 apresentou uma cinética de ¿cooperatividade¿. O estudo da síntese de FOS mostrou que o microrganismo Rhodotorula sp. LEB-V10 foi o único cuja enzima promoveu uma síntese constante de FOS, não apresentando nenhum indício de hidrólise dos frutooligossacarídeos, sendo devido a esta característica que tanto a produção da enzima quanto a síntese de frutooligossacarídeos foram otimizadas. Neste caso a produção de enzima foi máxima nas seguintes condições: 9% ± 1% de AMM e 7,5% ± 0,7% de açúcares redutores totais (melaço), com uma agitação de 250 rpm, a 30-35ºC, pH inicial do meio de 4,5. A produção de frutooligossacarídeos por esta enzima também foi otimizada chegando-se a 55-65% de rendimento nas seguintes condições: 50% de sacarose (P.A, comercial ou melaço), 6,5 (± 0,5) UTF.ml-1, temperatura entre 50 ºC (± 1ºC) e pH 5,0 (± 0,5). Desta forma foi alcançado o rendimento dos processos comerciais, com a vantagem de estarmos trabalhando com enzimas e não células. Além disso, a produção da enzima utilizando meios industriais, e o uso de açúcar cristal e mesmo melaço na síntese enzimática resultam em uma diminuição dos custos de produção. Desta forma há uma chance de que a continuação destes estudos resulte em um processo economicamente viável
Abstract: In response to the increasing demand for healthier foods and as a result of the expanding applications of oligosaccharides in the cosmetic, agrochemical, pharmaceutical and food industries, the search for ¿new¿ enzymes concerning the oligosaccharides production, became necessary. The present study reports on the screening for high transfructosylating enzymes in yeasts strains isolated from fruits and flowers obtained from tropical Brazilian biomass. The efforts made to screen for high extra-cellular transfructosylating enzyme producing yeasts provided very promising results. Although the enzymes from the strains Candida sp. LEB-I3, Rhodotorula sp. LEB-U5 and Cryptococcus sp. LEB-V2 showed high hydrolytic activity, the production of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) by the Rhodotorula sp. LEB-V10 enzyme was successful, showing a continuous increase in FOS concentration up to the end of the synthesis reaction. The best operational conditions for these enzymes, considering the transfructosylating activities, were determined to be in the pH range from 4.0 to 5.0 and temperatures from 65 to 70°C. While the fructofuranosidase activities had shown the optimum activity on pH values from 3.0 to 4.0 and temperatures between 55 and 75°C. The enzymatic kinetic (fructosyl transferase activity) of the Candida sp. LEB-I3 showed a Michaellis-Mentem behavior, while the Rhodotorula sp. LEB-U5 and Cryptococcus sp. LEB-V2 showed a substrate inhibitory kinetic and the Rhodotorula sp. LEB-V10 showed a sigmoid shape, similar to that of allosteric enzymes. Considering that the Rhodotorula sp. LEB-V10 process was the only one that may be regarded as economically possible, the response surface methodology was employed to study the fermentation and the synthesis condition aiming the process optimization. On basis of the experimental results, the optimum conditions to obtain high fructosyl transferase activity were: 250 rpm, 30-35°C, 9% ± 1% (w/v) corn steep liquor and 7.5% ± 0.7% (w/v) of total reducing sugar from sugar cane molasses. The synthesis of FOS was also optimized (55 to 65% of yield), being the optimum conditions: 50% sucrose (P.A., commercial or from sugar cane molasses), 50°C (± 1°C), pH 5.0 (± 0.5) and 6.5 FTA.ml-1 (± 0.5). This data is very similar to those from the commercial process, and the use of commercial sucrose and sugar cane molasses led to a reduction on the production cost, consequently, further studies on the enzyme and fructooligosaccharides production conditions may show its potential for commercial application
Doutorado
Doutor em Engenharia de Alimentos
Inthanavong, Lotthida. "Production and characterization of the fructosyltransferase (levansucrase) from geobacillus stearothermophilus and its application in the synthesis of novel fructooligosaccharides." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=97041.
Full textLa production de la fructosyltransférase (lévansaccharase) par la souche thermophilique Geobacillus stearothermophilus a été investiguée à 55oC pendant 32 h de fermentation dans un milieu de culture minéral supplémenté avec diverses sources d'azote, de fer et de carbones pour l'induction. Les sources d'azotes organiques, tryptone et peptone, ont conduit à une croissance bactérienne optimale et une production maximale de la lévansaccharase. Toutes les sources de carbones utilisées sont parvenues à induire la production de la lévansaccharase, avec le saccharose (1% m/v) étant l'inducteur le plus efficace. L'addition d'une source férrique ou ferreuse n'a eu aucun effet significatif ni sur la croissance bactérienne ni sur la production de la lévansaccharase. Le milieu de culture optimal déterminé pour la production maximale de la lévansaccharase est composé d'un mélange de tryptone/peptone (5 g/L, chacun), FeSO4 (5 mg/L) et 1% saccharose. Les cellules bactériennes ont été récoltées après une période de fermentation de 9 h, correspondant à une activité spécifique de lévansaccharase de 1.23 U/mL/Abs600nm. L'extrait brut de lévansaccharase a été concentré avec des agents de précipitation sélectionnés. Les résultats démontrent que le (NH4)2SO4 (saturation de 50%) et le MnCl2 (50 mM) fournissaient les facteurs de purification les plus élevés de 2.44 and 3.16 avec un rendement de 29.3 et 43.9%, respectivement. Bien que l'utilisation de PEG-200 et PEG-400 démontraient des facteurs de purification exceptionnels variant entre 231 à 394, les rendements étaient très faibles (5.7%). Un procédé de purification en 2 étapes, combinant les colonnes Superdex75 et MonoQ5/50, a permis de purifier la lévansaccharase 28.4 fois avec un rendement final de 71%. La chromatographie par filtration en gel a révélé que la lévansaccharase est un monomère d'un poids de 54.4 kDa. La lévansaccharase purifiée a démontré une activité à travers un intervalle étendu de température (4-67oC) et de pH (4-8). Par contre, les activités de transfructosylation et d'hydrolyse étaient maximales à 47-57oC et à 57oC, respectivement, avec une préférence pour l'activité de transfructosylation par rapport à l'hydrolyse (ratio de 2.86 à 3.18) à l'intérieur d'un étroit intervalle de pH de 6.0 à 6.5. De plus, les activités de transfructosylation et d'hydrolyse ont conservé 91.7% et 100% de leurs activités initiales après une période d'incubation de 6h à 47oC, mais ont été complètement inhibées à de plus hautes températures. La courbe de saturation de l'activité de la lévansaccharase avec le saccharose illustre un modèle typique de Michaelis-Menten. Par contre, la valeur élevée de Kmapp pour la transfructosylation (269 mM) et l'hydrolyse (272 mM) indique la faible affinité de la lévansaccharase pour le saccharose. Néanmoins, la lévansaccharase a démontré une spécificité plus élevée envers des accepteurs glycosidiques pyranosidique que ceux furanosiques.
Abreu, Larissa Weissheimer de 1981. "Avaliação dos atributos de qualidade de presunto cozido "cook-in" adicionado de fibra solúvel, do tipo frutooligossacarídeo de cadeia curta (ScFOS)." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/255370.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: O presente trabalho de pesquisa consistiu na avaliação dos efeitos da adição de fibra solúvel, do tipo frutooligossacarídeo de cadeia curta, sobre os atributos de qualidade, física, físico-químicas microbiológicas e sensoriais de presunto cozido cook-in. Os presuntos cozidos foram processados no frigorífico Marba, em São Bernardo do Campo ¿ São Paulo. Elaborou-se uma formulação padrão de presunto cozido (¿cook in¿) para 170% de rendimento sobre o peso da matéria prima, e a partir desta balancearam-se as formulações adicionadas de fibra solúvel, do tipo frutooligossacarídeo de cadeia curta (ScFOS) marca NutraFlora®. Realizaram-se quatro tratamentos, F0 ¿ padrão ou controle sem adição de fibra, F3 ¿ adição de 3% de fibra solúvel, F6 ¿ adição de 6% de fibra solúvel, F9 ¿ adição de 9% de fibra solúvel. Os produtos assim obtidos foram avaliados (em cinco pontos - aos 7, 20, 41, 62 e 93 dias) ao longo da estocagem refrigerada a 2±2ºC, quanto ao valor de pH, atividade de água (Aa), composição centesimal, teores de nitrito e nitrato, cor, força de cisalhamento, fatiabilidade, qualidade microbiológica e parâmetros sensoriais através de uma equipe treinada. Aos 45 dias de estocagem refrigerada, realizou-se um teste laboratorial de ordenação por preferência com consumidores, avaliando-se os atributos de cor, odor, sabor e firmeza (textura). Os resultados das determinações físicas, físico-químicas e sensoriais foram submetidos à análise de variância (ANOVA) para se avaliar o efeito dos tratamentos e tempo de estocagem, sendo a diferença entre as médias determinada pelo teste de Tukey com um intervalo de confiança de 95%. Para a avaliação sensorial de ordenação por preferência de consumidores foram utilizados os testes de Friedman e de Fisher. Os produtos apresentaram uma tendência no incremento dos valores de pH em função do tempo de estocagem. O aumento do teor de fibra solúvel adicionado resultou uma redução significativa (p<0,05) na atividade de água dos produtos. Para os parâmetros de cor avaliados, observou-se que a adição de níveis crescentes de fibra solúvel promoveu a diminuição dos valores de luminosidade (L*) e aumento no teor de vermelho (a*). Os maiores valores do teor de amarelo (b*) ao longo do período de estocagem foram observados no tratamento F0 ¿ sem adição de fibras. Os tratamentos F0 e F9 apresentaram nos primeiros 40 dias de estocagem, uma queda acentuada nos valores obtidos dos parâmetros C* (Chroma) e h (hue), enquanto os tratamentos F3 e F6 demonstraram a tendência de estabilidade ao longo da estocagem. Os resultados das avaliações microbiológicas indicaram que a adição de fibra solúvel não afetou a estabilidade microbiológica dos presuntos cozidos, uma vez que as contagens de micro-organismos deteriorantes e patogênicos mantiveram-se dentro dos limites estabelecidos pela legislação vigente ao longo do período de estocagem. A avaliação sensorial com equipe treinada evidenciou para os tratamentos contendo fibra solúvel, maior intensidade da cor rósea característica tanto na superfície das peças inteiras como nas fatias do produto. Por outro lado, para os atributos descoloração, exsudação, coesividade, sabor e odor, a equipe treinada não reportou influência da adição da fibra solúvel. A avaliação realizada com consumidores revelou preferência pelos tratamentos F3 e F6 para todos os atributos avaliados, entretanto o tratamento F9 foi o menos preferido em relação ao sabor e firmeza, evidenciando que a adição até o nível de 6% de fibra solúvel melhora a aceitação das características sensoriais avaliadas neste estudo do presunto cozido
Abstract: The present research aims the evaluation of the effects of addition of soluble fiber of short chain fructooligosaccharides (ScFOS - NutraFlora ®) over the physical, physical-chemical, microbiological and sensorial quality attributes of cook-in cooked ham. The processing of cooked hams was conducted at Marba industry, Sao Bernardo do Campo - São Paulo, Brazil. There was elaborated a standard formula of cook-in cooked ham, for 170% yield over weight of raw material, from which were balanced other formulas with soluble fiber addition:F0, F3, F6 e F9; standard (without fiber addition, 3%, 6% and 9% of fiber addition, respectively). The hams were evaluated through refrigerated storage at 2 ± 2 º C at five points (7, 20, 41, 62 and 93 days) for pH, water activity (Aw) values, centesimal composition, contents of nitrite and nitrate, colour, shear force, sliceability measurement, microbiological and sensory parameters using a trained judges. At the 45th day of storage there was processed a ranking preference test with regular consumers, assessing colour, characteristic odor, characteristic taste and firmness (texture) attributes. Physical measurements, physical-chemical and sensory results were analyzed for variance (ANOVA) to survey soluble fiber addition effects over considered parameters. The difference between means was ascertained through Tukey test at 95 % of confidence. For the ranking test there were used Friedman and Fisher tests. The hams exhibited a tendency of increasing pH values according to storage. The increasing content of soluble fiber (NutraFlora ®) added resulted in a significant reduction (p <0.05) water activity of products. For colour parameters, the rising of soluble fiber resulted in reduction of luminosity (L*) and addition of redness (a*) values. The highest yellowness (b*) values during the storage were observed at F0 treatment - without the fiber addition. The treatments F0 and F9 had at the first 40 days of storage, a sharp drop for C * (chroma) and h (hue) values while F3 and F6 treatments remained stable during that period. Microbiological evaluations pointed that the addition of soluble fiber did not affected the microbiological stability of cooked hams as the spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms counts remained within Brazilian official limits throughout the storage period. Sensory evaluation with trained judges pointed that the characteristic pink colour of whole ham and slices had higher intensity in the samples with soluble fiber addition. On the other hand, attributes of discoloration, exudation, cohesiveness, taste and odor, had no influence over the different treatments. The assessment carried out with consumers submitted comments similar to those obtained with the trained judges. The ranking preference test revealed higher preference for F3 and F6 for all the considered traits, meanwhile F9 was the least preferred regarding characteristic taste and firmness, pointed that the addition as high as 6% of soluble fiber NutraFlora ® increase the cooked ham acceptance
Mestrado
Tecnologia de Alimentos
Mestre em Tecnologia de Alimentos
Voller, Samuel W. "The impacts of wheat gluten products and short-chain fructooligosaccharides on the health and production of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/9826.
Full textBarbosa, Geraldo Nazareno de Oliveira. "Produção de frutosiltransferase por Rhodotorula sp." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/256542.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: O mercado global de alimentos funcionais é estimado em 33 bilhões de dólares anuais. Um grande número de alimentos funcionais tem sido introduzido no mercado. Maior atenção tem sido dada aos carboidratos dietéticos, em especial aos frutooligossacarídeos (FOS), por possuírem características vantajosas tais como baixas calorias e estimular o aumento da população de bifidobactérias do cólon. As frutosiltransferases são as enzimas responsáveis pela produção microbiana de FOS, e a imobilização de enzimas apresenta-se como um método eficaz e econômico para a produção destas substâncias. Como a produção e aplicação de FOS ganharam grande importância comercial devido às suas propriedades funcionais favoráveis, a busca de novas fontes potenciais de frutosiltransferases passa a ser de grande importância do ponto de vista de mercado. Por este motivo, investigou-se a possibilidade de produção de frutosiltransferase, realizando-se fermentações em batelada simples por Rhodotorula sp., isolada e selecionada no Laboratório de Engenharia de Bioprocessos da FEA, UNICAMP, utilizado meios industrias pré-tratados com carvão ativado. Para isso, foram realizados dois planejamentos experimentais. Primeiramente um planejamento do tipo Plackett Burman (Screening Design) para a seleção das variáveis mais importantes do processo, seguido de um delinemaneto composto central rotacional através do qual foi possível a otimização da produtividade enzimática, obtendo-se valores de 2000 U/L.h em um meio contendo melaço com 60 g/L de ART, 70 g/L de água de maceração de milho a uma temperatura de 30 °C, 650 rpm de agitação, 1,5 vvm de aeração e um pH inicial de 4,5. Em fermentações realizadas com controle de pH (valores de pH fixos em 4,5, 5, 6 e 7) constatou-se que esta variável desempenhou um papel importante na manutenção de altos valores de atividade enzimática, uma vez que, após ocorrer uma máxima produção da enzima, não houve redução nos valores de atividade enzimática mantendo-se o valor de pH constante
Abstract: The global functional food market is estimated at 33 billion dollars per year and a great number of new functional foods have been introduced continuously to the market. A lot of attention has been given to dietary carbohydrates, in special to the fructooligosaccharides (FOS). FOS present advantageous characteristics such as low calories and stimulating effects to bifid bacterium growth, present in human gut. Fructosyltransferases (FTase) are the enzymes responsible for FOS production. An efficient and economical method for industrial production is immobilization of this enzyme. The production and application of FOS has gained great commercial importance due to its favorable functional properties. The search of new potential sources of fructosyltransferase starts to be of great importance in a market point of view. For this reason, the possibility of fructosyltransferase production, by conducting several batch fermentations with Rhodotorula sp., isolated and selected in the Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering at FEAUNICAMP was investigated. Fermentations were realized using industrial by-products pretreated with activated carbon. In order to analyze the obtained results, two experimental designs were carried out. Firstly, a Plackett Burman screening design led to election of the most important process variables, followed by a second analysis with a central composite rotatable design which permitted the optimization of the enzyme production. The highest productivity was about 2000 U/L_h. utilizing the following medium composition and conditions: molasses at 60 g/L of total reducing sugars, 70 g/L of corn steep liquor, temperature of 30°C, agitation at 650 rpm, 1.5 vvm of aeration and initial pH 4.5. pHcontrolled fermentations (at pH 4.5, 5, 6 and 7) showed that the pH plays an important role in maintaining high values of enzymatic activity. After reaching a maximum enzyme production, no decrease of enzymatic activity was seen while the pH was kept constant
Mestrado
Mestre em Engenharia de Alimentos
Lemos, Adriane Cristina Garcia 1967. "Efeito da suplementação de frutooglissacarideos (FOS) sobre o sistema imunologico : estudo em ratos." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/256674.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: Os prebióticos são alimentos indigeríveis, porém fermentáveis, que afetam o hospedeiro por estimulação seletiva do crescimento e atividade de uma espécie de bactérias ou um número limitado de bactérias no cólon. De todos os prebióticos disponíveis, os únicos que possuem estudos para serem classificados como componentes ativos de alimentos funcionais são os frutooligossacarídeos (FOS), inulina e o galactooligossacarídeos (GOS). Devido à sua estrutura química são fermentados no cólon por bactérias endógenas para substratos metabólicos e energéticos e promove melhoria das funções intestinais por meio do estímulo ao crescimento de bactérias benéficas, resultando em efeitos específicos sobre a fisiologia gastrointestinal, biodisponibilidade de minerais, sistema imune, gênese de tumores e regulação do colesterol sérico. No momento pouco é conhecido sobre o efeito do FOS no desenvolvimento de órgãos linfóides ou os mecanismos moleculares de sua ação na resposta imunológica. O objetivo do presente estudo é investigar o efeito da suplementação de FOS sobre o sistema imunológico em ratos. Para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho, foram utilizados 32 ratos machos, adultos jovens, da linhagem Wistar. Os animais foram alimentados com ração balanceada padrão para roedores (Purina) e água ¿ad libidum¿, mantidos em gaiolas à temperatura ambiente de 25ºC e foto período de 12 horas de claro e 12 de escuro. Durante o ensaio biológico os animais foram divididos em 4 grupos (n=8), o suplemento foi administrado diariamente por 21 e 42 dias por gavagem, nas diferentes concentrações (0, 50, 100 e 150 mg/kg). Ao final do período experimental os animais foram anestesiados e as amostras de sangue (5ml) coletadas por punção cardíaca, centrifugadas por 15 minutos, sendo o soro sanguíneo separado. Os órgãos linfóides (timo, baço) foram removidos e pesados. Todos os procedimentos experimentais foram previamente aprovados pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa Animal da Universidade Estadual de Campinas. O soro coletado foi mantido a temperatura de 5°C e encaminhado ao laboratório de Bioquímica da Universidade do Sagrado Coração (Bauru) para a quantificação das imunoglobulinas IgA, IgG e IgM através da técnica de nefelometria. Os dados foram expressos como média ± erro padrão da média (EPM) e submetidos a analise de variância (ANOVA) As comparações entre grupos foram realizadas empregando-se o teste Tukey. As diferenças foram consideradas estatisticamente significativas para p<0,05. O efeito da suplementação dietética com FOS na concentração de 100 e 150 mg/kg aumentou (p <0,05) as concentrações no soro das Imunoglobulinas IgA, IgG e IgM. Em ambos os períodos de 21 e 42 dias a suplementação dietética com 50 mg/Kg não aumentam (p>0,05) as concentrações no soro de imunoglobulinas. A suplementação dietética com 100 mg/Kg e 150 mg/kg promoveu um aumento (p <0,05) nas concentrações no soro de imunoglobulinas durantes os 21 e 42 dias de suplementação. A Suplementação com FOS não promoveu o aumento (p>0,05) no desenvolvimento dos órgãos linfóides. Os animais que foram suplementados com 100 e 150 mg/kg apresentaram um ganho de peso estatisticamente significativo (p<0,05) quando comparados com grupo controle. Com os resultados do presente estudo pode se concluir que o FOS melhorou a resposta imune em ratos, por modulação positiva da resposta imune
Abstract: The prebiotics are non-digestible foods, however fermented, they affect the host by selectively stimulating the growth and/or activity of one of a limited number of bacteria in the colon. From all the available prebiotics, the only ones that possess enough studies of activity are the Fructooligosaccharides (FOS), inulin and galactooligosaccharides. Due to their chemical structure, they are fermented in the colon by endogenous bacterias to metabolic and energy substrata and they promote improvement of the intestinal functions by inducing the growth of beneficial bacterias, resulting in specific effects on the gastrointestinal physiology, mineral availability, immune system, genesis of tumors and regulation of the Serum cholesterol. At present, little is known about the effect of FOS on the development of lymphoid organs or the molecular mechanisms of it's action on the immune response. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of supplementation with FOS on immune system in rats. For the development of this work, 32 male Wister rats were used, young adults, of the lineage Wistar. The animals were fed with standard food for rodents (Purina) and water ¿ad libitum¿, maintained in cages at temperature of 25ºC and picture period of 12 hours of light and 12 of darkness. During biological assays the animals were divided into 4 groups (n=8), the supplement was administered daily by 21 and 42 days by gavage, in different concentrations (0, 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg). At the end of the experimental period the animals were anesthetized and the samples of blood (5ml) collected by heart puncture, centrifuged by 15 minutes, being the separate sanguine serum. The llymphoid organs (thymus, spleen) they were removed and wighted. All the experimental procedures were previously approved for the Committee of ethical in Animal Research of the State University of Campinas. The collected serum was maintained at 5°C and direc ted to the laboratory of Biochemistry of the University of the Sacred Heart (Bauru) for the quantification of imunoglobulins IgA, IgG and IgM following the nefelometria technique. The data were expressed as average ± standard deviation of the average (SD) and submitted to analyzes of variance (ANOVA). The comparisons among groups were accomplished Tukey test. The differences were considered statistically significative for p <0,05. The effect of dietary supplementation with FOS in the concentration of 100 to 150 mg/kg increased (p<0,05) on serum concentrations of Imunoglobulins IgA, IgG e IgM. In both of periods 21 and 42 day, dietary supplementation wich 50 mg/Kg did not increase (p>0,05) serum concentrations of imunoglobulins, Dietary supplementation with 100 mg/Kg e 150 mg/kg resulted in higher (p <0,05) serum concentration of imunoglobulins and 21 and 42 day. The suplementation with FOS don¿t increase (p>0,05) lymphoid organ development. The animals that were suplementation with 100 and 150 mg/kg presented an weight gain statistically significant (p <0,05) when compared with control group. The results of the present study it may concluded that FOS can improve immune response in rats, Through positive modulation of the immune response
Mestrado
Mestre em Ciência de Alimentos
Alles, Maria Júlia Ledur. "Aplicação de processos de separação por membranas para a obtenção de frutooligossacarídeos funcionais a partir da raiz de yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/61684.
Full textYacon is a perennial plant originated from the Andean region which roots have been receiving increased attention due to their high content in prebiotic fructooligosaccharides (FOS). Apart from promoting many health benefits, FOS present interesting characteristics as food ingredient, being used as sugar substitute, and its extraction from yacon roots may be an alternative to the high costs FOS actually commercially available. The present work evaluated membrane technology for concentrating and purifying FOS from an extract obtained from yacon roots, combining a first ultrafiltration (UF) clarifying step with nanofiltration (NF), with and without association with discontinuous diafiltration (DF). UF aimed to remove large molecules such as proteins and suspended solids, yielding a saccharide-rich permeate. After UF, 63.75 % of total saccharides from the initial feed were recovered in the permeate, that was then subjected to NF in order to reduce glucose, fructose and salts content and concentrate the oligosaccharides in the retentate. DF did not largely influenced FOS retention in NF (it increased from 68.78 % without DF to 70.48 % with DF), but decreased glucose and fructose retentions, from 40.63 to 31.61 % and 25.64 to 18.69 %, respectively, allowing a greater purification of FOS in the retentate. After the combined UF-NF process, 51.85 % of FOS from the initial feed were recovered in the NF final retentate, with 19.75 % purity. After this, the final retentate of nanofiltration associated with diafiltration was lyophilized and the powder was subjected to analyses of color, water activity (aw), microstructure – by Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled to Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) – and crystallinity – by X-ray diffraction. The obtained freeze-dried FOS-enriched saccharides powder, containing 19.75 % of FOS, 36.66 % of glucose and 43.59 % of fructose, in weight, was a whitish granulated powder, with aw of 0.284 and CIELAB color coordinates L*, a* and b* of 76.25±1.19, -1.03±0.09 and 1.02±0.03, respectively. It was highly hygroscopic and with agglomeration tendency, confirmed by the formation of bridges between particles on the SEM images. No peaks were identified at X-ray diffractograms, indicating its amorphous characteristics. However, the sample high hygrospicity and the formation of a rigid mass may have hindered a trustable X-ray analysis.
Tian, Feng. "Enzymatic synthesis of fructooligosaccharides and levan through transfructosylation reaction catalyzed by levansucrase from Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens and by its combined use with endo-inulinase." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=119466.
Full textL'enzyme levansucrase intracellulaire et celle extracellulaire ont été isolées de la biomasse du Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Le sucrose a été identifié comme un inducteur important pour l'expression de la levansucrase. Les levansucrases intra- et extracellulaire, purifiées partiellement, ont été caractérisées en termes de température optimale, pH optimal, paramètres cinétiques, et propriétés catalytiques. Les levansucrases de B. amyloliquefaciens ont démontré une activité catalytique élevée pour la formation de levan à travers une large gamme de concentrations du sucrose. Les températures optimales des activités de transfructosylation des levansucrases intracellulaire (25-30°C) et extracellulaire (40ºC) sont plus faibles que celles de leur activités hydrolytiques (45-50°C). L'efficacité catalytique de la levansucrase intracellulaire en transfructosylation a dépassé celle de la levansucrase extracellulaire. La levansucrase intracellulaire a été purifiée jusqu'à l'homogénéité par chromatographie d'exclusion stérique et ses propriétés catalytiques ont été déterminées. L'activité de transfructosylation de la levansucrase purifiée (kcatapp de 1136.5 s−1) a été plus élevée que son activité hydrolytique. Les cinétiques catalytiques de l'activité de transfructosylation ont été mieux décrites par le modèle de Hill. L'étude de la spécificité de la levansucrase a démontré une orientation de la réaction de transfructosylation vers la polymérisation quand le raffinose a été utilisé comme donneur de fructose. Durant la synthèse du fructooligosaccharides, les disaccharides ont été favorisés comme accepteurs, par rapport aux monosaccharides. Cependant, une accumulation moins importante du levan a été obtenue dans la réaction de transfructosylation utilisant maltose et sucrose comme substrats. Cette étude est la première à démontrer l'efficacité catalytique de la levansucrase de B. amyloliquefaciens pour la synthèse de divers FOS à partir de saccharides variés, dont le lactose et le maltose ont été les meilleurs substrats accepteurs de fructose. La levansucrase intracellulaire purifiée a été combinée avec l'endo-inulinase de Aspergillus niger dans une seule étape réactionnelle pour synthétiser de nouveaux FOSs et des oligolevans de tailles contrôlées à partir du sucrose. Dans ce nouveau système bi-enzymatique, la levansucrase a surtout catalysé la formation d'oligolevan et de levan, tandis que l'endo-inulinase a régulé la taille moléculaire des produits et la disponibilité des accepteurs. Le nouveau système bi-enzymatique a démontré un rendement et une productivité (67% m/m; 96 g/L/h) plus élevés des produits de transfructosylation, des FOS et des oligolevans, que le système mono-enzymatique (3.0% m/m; 0.8 g/L.h). La contribution de l'activité hydrolytique de l'endo-inulinase dans la formation des courtes chaînes de FOS et des oligolevans a été plus importante que celle de la levansucrase. Les effets de la concentration du sucrose, du temps de réaction, et du ratio enzymatique sur les rendements des FOSs, des oligolevans, et des produits de transfructosylation en général ont été étudiés à travers la méthode des surfaces de réponses. Les résultats expérimentaux ont confirmé et validé les prédictions des modèles développés. La même analyse a démontré que le niveau du sucrose est la variable la plus influante parmi les variables évaluées, tandis que le ratio de la levansucrase et de l'endo-inulinase a eu un impact important sur la synthèse de levanohexaose et des oligolevans. Étant donné que la température de la réaction biocatalytique et les concentrations des substrats sont faibles, ce nouveau système bi-enzymatique démontre un grand potentiel pour les applications au niveau industriel. Par ailleurs, le temps de la réaction plutôt bref et les rendements élevés des FOSs démontrent la supériorité du système bi-enzymatique développé en comparaison avec les systèmes biocatalytiques actuels qui ont été documentés.
Silva, Júnio Cota 1985. "Seleção de microrganismos produtores de frutosiltransferase e estudo das propriedades bioquimicas da frutosiltransferase de Penicillium sp." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/256673.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Abstract: Impulsionados pela grande demanda por alimentos ¿saudáveis¿ e de calorias controladas, têm surgido desde os anos 80 um grande número de adoçantes alternativos e, entre eles, diversos oligossacarídeos. Entre os oligossacarídeos mais estudados estão os frutooligossacarídeos (FOS), que se tornaram mais importantes por suas propriedades funcionais que pelo seu poder adoçante. Os FOS podem ser produzidos por meio da reação de transfrutosilação catalisada pela enzima frutosiltransferase (FTase), onde uma molécula de sacarose é hidrolisada e o radical frutosil é transferido para outra sacarose. Diversos microrganismos possuem o gene que codifica para a FTase, e sua aplicação industrial já está bem estabelecida, contudo, o Brasil detém apenas uma pequena fração do total de patentes desses processos tecnológicos. Esse trabalho teve por objetivo selecionar novas linhagens microbianas produtoras de frutosiltransferase que sejam eficientes e competitivas com as já descritas na literatura. Para isso, novas linhagens de microrganismos foram isoladas do Baru, um fruto do cerrado. Inicialmente 54 linhagens foram avaliadas quanto à atividade de transfrutosilação, sendo identificadas 13 como potenciais produtoras de FTase. Cada uma das 13 linhagens foi testada com relação à síntese de FOS em diferentes tempos de reação (6, 12, 24, 48 e 72 h), tendo sido utilizadas preparações enzimáticas parcialmente purificadas. A FTase de Penicillium sp. apresentou o maior rendimento da reação de síntese de FOS (50%), sendo as condições de reação 500g.L-1 de sacarose, 20% de enzima (v/v), agitação de 100 rpm, temperatura de 50°C e tempo de reação de 48 horas, em tampão acetato 50 mM (pH 4,5). Baseando-se no rendimento da reação de síntese de FOS, essa linhagem de Penicillium sp. foi selecionada para realização de estudos dos parâmetros cinéticos e termodinâmicos da FTase. Foi utilizada a metodologia de superfície de resposta para avaliar as condições ótimas de atividade enzimática, sendo estas: pH de 4,8 a 5,2, 54 a 57°C e sacarose (410 a 520 g.L-1). Os parâmetros termodinâmicos tempo de meia vida (t1/2), constante de desnaturação (kd) e valor de redução decimal (D) foram determinados para cada uma das quatro temperaturas estudadas (45, 50, 55 e 60°C). A energia de ativação da desnaturação (Ead) e o valor z também foram calculados para a FTase. A enzima estudada apresentou inibição pelo substrato quando a concentração de sacarose foi superior a 400 g/L. Os parâmetros cinéticos vmax, km e ki foram estimados pelos métodos de linearização de Lineweaver-Burk e Eadie-Hofsteen e pelo modelo de clássico de inibição combinado com o modelo de Hill utilizando o software Statistica® 8.0. A análise das constantes sugere que há um fenômeno de inibição que afeta a enzima e não foi possível a identificação de quais componentes do sistema reacional causam a inibição enzimática, utilizando apenas o modelo clássico de inibição, sendo necessários estudos futuros para desenvolver o modelo cinético adequado para a FTase. Os resultados obtidos indicam que a FTase de Penicillium sp. tem potencial para ser aplicada em processos industriais para produção de FOS
Abstract: Nowadays, there is a high demand on health and low caloric food. Since the years of 1980 a big number of sweteners have appeared to replace sucrose. The fructooligosacchrides (FOS) are considered the most important sweeteners among them due their properties to promoting health by increasing of the amount of beneficial bacteria in human gut. They can be produced by simple transfructosilation reaction catalysed by fructosyltransferase (FTase), wherein one molecule of sucrose is hydrolyzed and the fructosyl radical is bonded to another sucrose. Some microorganisms have the gene encoding FTase and its industrial applications are well known. However, Brazil has a small share of patents registered around the world in these technological process. In this work, we aimed to find potential microorganisms strains that produce both FTase and FOS. New strains were isolated from Baru fruits of Brazilian Cerrado biome. Initially 54 isolated strains were screened for transfructosilating activity. As result it was found 13 strains which were able to produce FTase. Enzimatc extracts partially purified from each of 13 strains were evaluated in the ability to produce FOS in several reaction times (6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h). The reaction conditions were 500 g.L-1 sucrose, 20% (v/v) enzime:solution, 100 rpm, 50°C and 48 h reaction time in acetate buffer 50 mM (pH 4,5). The Penicillium sp. FTase showed the highest yield of FOS synthesis. Hence this strain was selected to study the FTase kinetical and thermodynamical properties. The best conditions found using the Response Surface Methodology were: pH 4.8 to 5.2; 54 to 57°C and 410 to 520 g.L-1 sucrose. The thermodynamic parameters half-life (t1/2), denaturation constant (kd) and the decimal reduction time (D) were calculated to each of the four tested temperatures (45, 50, 55 e 60°C). The activation energy of denaturation (Ead) and the z-value were also calculated. This enzyme showed inhibition by substrate when the sucrose concentration was above 400 g.L-1. The kinetical parameters vmax, km e ki were estimated by Lineweaver-Burk e Eadie-Hofsteen linearization methods. In addition, these constants were also estimated by classic model of inhibition combined with the Hill model using the StatisticaTM 8.0 software. The data analisys indicated an enzimatic inhibition fenomena. However, it was not possible to identify which agents triggered the enzimatic inhibition using only the classic model. It is necessary more future studies to elucidate the appropriated model to FTase. These results sugest that the FTase from Penicillium sp. has a great potential to be applied in further FOS industrial processes
Mestrado
Mestre em Ciência de Alimentos
Choque, Delgado Grethel Teresa. "Avaliação dos efeitos do consumo regular de yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) sobre o sistema imune murino." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/256733.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: O yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius), raiz andina, tem se destacado pelo seu potencial prebiótico devido aos elevados teores de frutooligossacarídeos (FOS) e inulina em sua composição. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar se a alimentação com yacon alteraria o sistema imune de camundongas BALB/c e se sua ingestão regular seria capaz de modular a resposta intestinal induzida pela instilação retal de ácido trinitrobenzeno sulfônico (TNBS). Para avaliar os efeitos do consumo regular de yacon sobre o sistema imune murino, camundongas BALB/c com oito semanas de idade foram divididas em quatro grupos experimentais alimentados por trinta dias com dieta: controle AIN-93M; 5% de FOS comercial; 3% e 5% FOS de yacon. O peso corporal e consumo da ração foram acompanhados semanalmente. Os níveis de anticorpos IgA, IgM, IgG séricos e IgA fecal, a produção de óxido nítrico (NO) por macrófagos, a frequência de linfócitos T e B sanguíneos e a proliferação de células esplênicas in vitro foram avaliados. Para avaliar o efeito do consumo regular de yacon sobre a colite experimental, metade dos animais que ingeriram as dietas teste foi instilada por via retal durante sete dias consecutivos com solução contendo TNBS, enquanto que o restante recebeu veículo (etanol). Foram analisados o peso corpóreo, histopatologia dos intestinos, bem como a proliferação de células esplênicas e dosagem de citocinas. Os animais alimentados com yacon apresentaram respostas semelhantes aos camundongos que ingeriram as demais dietas em relação ao ganho de peso, consumo de ração, níveis de anticorpos séricos, frequência de linfócitos T e B sanguíneos e produção de NO por macrófagos. Entretanto, observou-se um aumento significativo tanto na secreção de IgA fecal quanto na proliferação de células esplênicas de animais alimentados com yacon. Os camundongos alimentados com yacon sofreram menor perda de peso após instilação com TNBS do que os animais alimentados com AIN93M e FOS. Os animais que consumiram yacon apresentaram intestinos íntegros e funcionais, oposto ao observado nos animais dos demais grupos. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas na proliferação de células esplênicas e produção de citocinas entre os diferentes grupos, salvo a maior produção de IL-17 e menor secreção de IL-10 nas culturas de células de animais alimentados com FOS. Nossos dados indicam que o consumo regular de yacon não acarreta efeitos adversos à fisiologia e sistema imune murino, levando à melhora no quadro de colite induzida por instilação com TNBS
Abstract: Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius), Andean root, has been recognized for its prebiotic potential due to its high levels of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and inulin. The objective of this study was to verify if the regular consumption of yacon alters the immune system of BALB/c mice and if it may modulate intestinal inflammation induced by the rectal instillation of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). To evaluate the effects of regular yacon consumption on the murine immune system, eight-week-old BALB/c mice were divided into four experimental groups fed for thirty days with diet: control AIN-93M, 5% commercial FOS, or 3% or 5% yacon FOS. Body weight and food consumption were monitored weekly. The serum levels of IgA, IgM and IgG and fecal IgA, the nitric oxide (NO) production by macrophages, the frequency of T and B lymphocytes in the blood and the proliferation of spleen cells (in vitro) were evaluated. To evaluate the effects of regular yacon consumption on experimental colitis, half of the animals was instilled rectally with a solution containing TNBS for seven consecutive days while the rest received vehicle (ethanol). We analyzed the body weight, histopathology of the intestines, spleen cell proliferation and cytokine production. The animals fed yacon showed responses similar to mice that consumed the other diets in relation to weight gain, food intake, serum antibody levels, frequencies of T and B lymphocytes in the blood and NO production by macrophages. There was a significant increase in both fecal IgA secretion and the proliferation of spleen cells from animals fed yacon. The mice fed yacon suffered less TNBS-induced weight loss than animals fed the FOS and AIN93M diets. The animals that consumed yacon also showed intact and functional intestines, as opposed to the other groups of animals. There were no significant differences in spleen cell proliferation or cytokine production among groups, except for the increased production of IL-17 and lower IL-10 secretion in the cultures of cells from animals fed FOS. Our data indicate that the regular consumption of yacon does not cause adverse effects on the physiology or the murine immune system and that yacon consumption ameliorates colitis induced by TNBS instillation
Doutorado
Ciência de Alimentos
Doutor em Ciência de Alimentos
Ventura, Fernanda Cardoso. "Desenvolvimento de doce de fruta em massa funcional de valor calorico reduzido, pela combinação de goiaba vermelha e yacon desidratados osmoticamente e acerola." [s.n.], 2004. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/255236.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: Ultimamente tem aumentado a preocupação pela relação entre dieta e saúde, estimulando o consumo de alimentos saudáveis, nutritivos e funcionais e ainda de valor calórico reduzido, que tenham nutrientes com potencial protetor de saúde. Esses alimentos além de satisfazer requerimentos nutricionais e sensoriais básicos desempenham efeitos fisiológicos benéficos que diminuiriam o risco de doenças crônicas cardiovasculares, cancerígenas ou outras. Existe uma grande variedade de produtos para fins especiais, sendo aqueles destinados a dietas de redução de açúcares um dos mais expressivos. Assim, as indústrias têm o desafio de desenvolver processamentos em condições amenas de operação, tempo e temperatura, provocando menores alterações de coloração, sabor e nutricionais. Com base nisso, a finalidade desse trabalho foi concentrar os nutrientes da goiaba vermelha e yacon, através da desidratação osmótica e desenvolver um doce em massa com as frutas desidratadas osmoticamente e acerola, de valor calórico reduzido através de processo contínuo. Primeiramente, foi realizado um estudo para otimizar a desidratação osmótica utilizando xarope de sorbitol e de sacarose. Os ensaios foram realizados utilizando planejamento fatorial completo, variando-se o tempo, temperatura e concentração da solução osmótica, visando a maximização da perda de umidade e minimização da incorporação de sólidos. Na desidratação osmótica utilizando xarope de sorbitol foram obtidas perdas de umidade de 35 a 43% % e incorporação de sólidos de 5,7 a 8% na goiaba vermelha e no yacon 53 a 55% de perdas de umidade e 6,02 a 6,46% de incorporação de sólidos. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que utilizando xarope de sorbitol se conseguem maiores perdas de umidade em relação ao xarope de sacarose, contudo há também uma maior incorporação de sólidos, mas isto seria irrelevante no caso de produtos de baixo valor calórico, nos quais o sorbitol é comumente utilizado, por apresentar um valor energético de 2,4kcal/g, enquanto que a sacarose fornece 4kcal/g. Outro objetivo foi também obter um doce em massa de goiaba vermelha, yacon e acerola, com um maior teor em sólidos de frutas que um produto convencional. Foram realizadas três formulações para análise sensorial, sendo utilizado o teste de aceitação. Os doces em massa tiveram boas médias de aceitação sensorial, variando de ¿gostei ligeiramente¿ a ¿gostei moderadamente¿, diferindo entre si (p< 0,05) nos atributos cor, sabor e impressão global, e não apresentando diferença significativa no atributo aroma. A formulação preferida foi com 50% goiaba vermelha, 30% acerola e 20% yacon, processada em tratamento térmico contínuo. Os resultados da caracterização química (pH, acidez e atividade de água) e física (sinerese, cor e textura) dos doces em massa mostraram concordância com os trabalhos encontrados na literatura. Através da avaliação microbiológica o produto foi considerado como ¿comercialmente estéril¿, indicando que o tratamento térmico foi eficiente para manter a estabilidade microbiológica do produto
Abstract: Concern about the relation between diet and health has greatly increased recently, stimulating the consumption of healthy, nutritive and functional foods, preferably of reduced caloric value, containing potentially health-protecting nutrients. In addition to satisfying the basic nutritional and sensory requirements, these foods play a beneficial physiological role in decreasing the risks of chronic cardiovascular diseases, cancer and other diseases. A great variety of special purpose foods exist, those destined for low sugar diets being the most prominent. Thus modern industry faces the challenge of developing processes operating under mild time/temperature conditions so as to minimize alterations in color, flavor and nutritional quality. Based on this idea, the objective of this research was to concentrate the nutrients of red guava and yacon by osmotic dehydration and develop a reduced calorie solid preserve using the osmotically dehydrated fruits plus West Indian cherry by way of a continuous process. Initially the osmotic dehydration process was optimized using sorbitol and sucrose syrups. A complete factorial experimental design was used for these trials, varying the time, temperature and concentration of the osmotic solution, aiming at maximizing moisture loss and minimizing solids incorporation. Osmotic dehydration using sorbitol syrup resulted in moisture losses of from 35 to 43% and solids incorporation between 5.7 and 8% for red guava and moisture losses of from 53 to 55% for yacon with solids incorporation from 6.02 to 6.46%. The results showed that higher moisture losses were obtained using the sorbitol syrup than with the sucrose syrup, although the solids incorporation was also higher. However, in low calorie products this is irrelevant since sorbitol is frequently used in such products due to its low energy value of 2.4kcal/g as compared to 4kcal/g for sucrose. A further objective was to prepare a solid preserve from red guava, yacon and West Indian cherry containing higher fruit solids content than the conventional product. Three formulations were prepared for the sensory acceptance test. The three formulations received good mean scores for acceptance, varying from ¿liked slightly¿ to ¿liked moderately¿, with significant differences (p£0.05) amongst the three for the attributes of color, flavor and overall impression but with no significant difference for aroma. The most preferred formulation was that containing 50% red guava, 30% West Indian cherry and 20% yacon, processed by a continuous heat treatment. The results of the chemical (pH, acidity and water activity) and physical (syneresis, color and texture) characterizations agreed with those of similar studies reported in the literature. The microbiological evaluation showed the product to be commercially sterile, indicating that the heat treatment was efficient in maintaining the microbiological stability of the product
Mestrado
Mestre em Tecnologia de Alimentos
Lorenzoni, André Soibelmann Glock. "Produção de fruto-oligossacarídeos e açúcar Invertido utilizando enzimas imobilizadas." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/96930.
Full textFructooligosaccharides (FOS) are prebiotic fibre with sweetening power, being a highvalue product for the food industry. Invert sugar is the product of sucrose hydrolysis; it has a higher sweetening power, it is less susceptible to crystallization and has a higher hygroscopicity than regular sugar. Finding many uses in food industry processes. Both products can be obtained by enzymatic reactions using β-fructosyltransferase and β- fructofuranosidase, respectively. However, enzymatic processes are often costly because of high enzymatic cost and lack of operational stability. These drawbacks can be overcome by immobilization of enzyme, enabling reuses and usually increasing its stability. In the present work, β-fructofuranosidase from a commercial preparation from Aspergillus aculeatus (Viscozyme L) was partially purified, covalently immobilized on chitosan spheres and used for FOS production. Partial purification resulted in a 6-fold increase in specific activity. Operational stability of biocatalyst was evaluated along 50 batches, resulting in around 55 % yield on each batch and no loss of activity after batches. The immobilized biocatalyst was also used for FOS production in packed bed and fluidized bed reactors with yields of 59 % and 54 % respectively. Invert sugar production was carried out using Maxinvert L (β- fructofuranosidase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae) immobilized, by the same method, on chitosan spheres. Its application on packed bed and fluidized bed reactors was evaluated resulting in yields of 98 % and 94 % respectively. The packed bed reactors presented potential for further studies aiming industrial applications for FOS and Invert Sugar production.
Lima, Mariana Zuliani Theodoro de. "Estudos funcionais e estruturais de enzimas frutosiltransferases das famílias 32 e 68 de hidrolases de glicosídeos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/76/76132/tde-17122015-145413/.
Full textThe search for beneficial substances to human health has driven the development of researches on the study of enzymes and their products through bioprocess optimization. One of the main components used as a basis for functional food industry are carbohydrates called fructooligosaccharides (FOS) derived from sucrose. These are synthesized by enzymes called fructosyltransferases which can be found in plants, bacteria and fungi. The FOS has attracted great interest of the industry due to its physiological and biomodulator properties. Because it is non-digestible polysaccharides prebiotics, have the ability to selectively stimulate the growth of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, assisting in the prevention of tooth decay and colon cancer in humans. They can also contribute to decrease total cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood, to promote the absorption of calcium and magnesium and can be used in diets with dietary restrictions, because they are low-calorie sugars presenting high nutritional value. Considering there are different forms of FOS synthesized by different mechanisms, the present work attempts to make structural and functional characterization of a set of 13 fructosyltransferases of bacteria and fungi. The target genes were cloned and the enzymes were expressed and purified. Structural testing of X-ray crystallography and enzymatic activity, including sucrose hydrolysis and polymerization were carried out for a better understanding of the molecular basis involved in substrate recognition. Eight enzymes, two β-frutofuranosidases B. adolescentis, three sucrose-6-phosphate hydrolase of B. licheniformis and L. gasseri and A. niger invertase, were crystallized and the enzymes from B. adolescentis and from L. gasseri had their structures determined and their catalytic site mapped. These are similar to each other and present in their structure one β-propeller region which was identified as catalytic site, connected to one β-sandwich module. Both enzymes showed hydrolytic activity of the sucrose and L. gasseri showed the formation of FOS, 1-kestose and nystose with 1 M sucrose concentrations and times of 8 and 12 hours of incubation. These studies together with the analysis of other enzymes will enable the improvement in large-scale production, besides the optimization and control of these processes for the production of FOS.
Scher, Caroline Fenner. "Estudo do branqueamento e da secagem mediante ar quente do yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/16412.
Full textYacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) is a plant belonging to the Asteraceae family and originated in the Andes Mountains, having been cultivated in Brazil since 1991. It contains soluble carbohydrates such as fructose, glucose, sucrose and fructooligosaccharides (FOS), the latter not being metabolized in the human digestive tract and thus presenting prebiotic activity. This work aimed to study the effect of blanching and subsequent hot air drying on yacon. The roots were cleaned and selected considering the absence of visual injury and infections. They were then peeled and cut into slices (1.75 ± 0.35 mm thick) and cubes (1.00 ± 0.01cm2). The sugars were shown to dissolve during blanching, and the losses of inulin, glucose and fructose were determined under different conditions of time and temperature. For the majority of conditions studied, greater dissolution was observed with the slices than with the cubes. Tukey's test indicated that both the time and the temperature and the interaction between them were significant with respect to the dissolution of sugars in the blanching of yacon in the form of both slices and cubes, with the exception of fructose (for the sliced samples) and inulin (for the samples in cubes), where only the time and temperature were significant. The results obtained from the response surface allowed for the production of statistical models to estimate the loss of sugars during blanching for the samples in slices, estimating the conditions for greatest dissolution. Due to these losses, steam blanching of the slices was studied, placing the slices inside an autoclave generating steam at 100ºC for times of 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 minutes, the best condition being that of 4 minutes where it was possible to reduce the PER and PPO activities by 84.6% and 83.7%, respectively, with losses of inulin, glucose and fructose of 30.6, 39.4 and 15.8%, respectively. Drying of the yacon samples at temperatures of 50, 60 and 70ºC for 5 hours and 30 minutes, with and without blanching, was then carried out, verifying the effect of the pre-treatment and of the drying temperature on the reduction in moisture content and water activity. The shortest drying time was obtained at 70ºC with blanched samples. It was also observed that after 5 hours of drying the concentration of inulin decreased, whereas the concetrations of glucose and fructose increased, the contents of these components at the end of the drying period not varying according to the drying temperature, for either the blanched or non-blanched samples. Thus the FOS were converted into reducing sugars, and the increase in reducing sugars could have been due to the presence of inulinase activity.
Brites, Marcela Lazzare. "Separação de frutooligossacarídeos a partir do Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) por ultrafiltração e encapsulamento por atomização." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/88881.
Full textThe yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) is a plant originated from Andean regions, whose tuberous roots contain sugars such as fructose, glucose, sucrose, and especially fructooligosaccharides (FOS). FOS is referred to as prebiotics due to it is not digestible by enzymes in the human digestive tract, therefore it selectively stimulates the multiplication and activity of health-promoting bacteria. This study aimed to evaluate the separation of FOS from the extract of yacon by ultrafiltration (UF) membrane separation process (PSM), and study the physic-chemical characteristics of the powder obtained by spray drying from the permeate obtained by UF. The juice was extracted from the bleached slices using a food processor; after, the remaining sugars were extracted from the pulp by adding water at 80ºC in a ratio of 2:1 (water / pulp). The yacon juice and the liquid solution obtained from the pulp were filtered and the filtrate mixture was the yacon extract. The separation of FOS was carried out by two polymeric membranes of 10 kDa (UF-10) and 30 kDa (UF- 30), at pressures of 1.2 bar and 0.75 bar, respectively. The permeate flux increased with increasing pressure from 0.5 bar to 2 bar and temperature from 15ºC to 35ºC. For the UF- 10, the intrinsic membrane resistance (Rm) increased from 3.25×1013 m-1 to 3.41×1013 m-1 with increasing pressure from 0.5 bar to 2 bar. The same occurred with UF-30, in which Rm increased from 1.69×1013 m-1 to 1.89×1013 m-1. The total resistance (Rt), fouling resistance (Rf) and cake layer resistance (Rc) slight increased with increasing pressure. As the temperature increased, the values of Rf and Rc decreased due to the reduced viscosity of the solution, while Rt and Rm values did not change. The percentage of membrane fouling decreased from 61.24% in UF-10 to 57.33% in UF-30 with increasing the membrane pore size. The membrane pore clogging was reversed by cleaning procedures, resulting in high recoveries of the permeate flow (76.46% in UF-10 and 83.56% in UF-30). For UF-10, the FOS retention was 24.48%, while glucose and fructose retention were 12.95% and 22.18% respectively, and the increase in pore size resulted in less retention of sugars, once for the UF-30 the retention percentage was 6.49%, 9.11% and 11.31% for FOS, glucose and fructose, respectively. The mass balance showed that FOS from the UF permeate reached 24.08% purity in UF-10 and 18.43% in UF-30. Gum arabic at concentrations of 10% and 15% was added to the UF permeate as an encapsulating agent with constant stirring until complete homogenization, followed by immediate drying in a spray dryer at inlet temperatures of 140ºC and 160ºC. The final product presented moisture content less than 4 gH2O/100 g d.m. and water activity less than 0.15. Increasing both the arabic gum concentration and drying temperature have increased the powder solubility, with values higher than 90%, and decreased hygroscopicity. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the atomized particles had about 5 μm diameter and exhibited different morphologies, with a strong tendency to particle agglomeration, once smaller particles appeared to overlap large particles, mainly at 140ºC. Regarding the color parameters, the parameter L* significantly decreased with increasing temperature from 140ºC to 160ºC, resulting in darker samples. The parameters a* and b* indicated that the samples were greenish and yellowish with significantly increase in the browning index at 160ºC for UF-30. During the drying process, increasing the temperature decreased inulin concentrations, whereas the levels of glucose and fructose increased due to the thermolysis reaction that lead to degradation of inulin chains. The prebiotic activity assay showed that all permeate and retentate samples without encapsulation were metabolized similarly to glucose by the three different bacteria (Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5®, Bifidobacterium lactis BB-12® and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922). With respect to the atomized samples, the treatments from the UF-30 that were metabolized by the probiotic culture LA-5 seemed to present potential prebiotic activity, since they were metabolized in a manner similar to glucose metabolism.
Alvarado, Huallanco Mónica Beatriz. "Modelagem cinética e simulação de processo de produção de frutooligossacarídeos por frutosiltransferase de Rhodotorula sp. livre e imobilizada." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/256496.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: Os frutooligossacarídeos são considerados prebióticos, uma vez que promovem seletivamente o crescimento de micro-organismos probióticos como Lactobacillus acidophillus e Bifidobacterium bifidus. Novas enzimas, na forma livre ou imobilizada, representam uma das possibilidades para síntese destes compostos. Neste trabalho procedeu-se ao estudo da modelagem cinética e simulação da síntese de frutooligossacarídeos a partir de sacarose em diferentes tipos de reatores, pela enzima frutosiltransferase produzida pela levedura do gênero Rhodotorula, isolada em trabalhos prévios. Os estudos foram realizados sob condições de pH 4,5, 50°C e 5 UTF/mL de concentração da enzima. Tanto a enzima livre quanto a imobilizada mostraram seguir a cinética de Michaelis-Menten com inibição pelo substrato para concentrações acima de 70% e 60% (p/v), respectivamente. Observou-se inibição competitiva da glicose para os substratos sacarose, kestose e nistose. Por outro lado, considerou-se significativa a atividade hidrolítica da nistose, sendo incluída no modelo. Após a análise de sensibilidade dos parâmetros cinéticos, estes foram ajustados por simulação, e determinou-se seus valores intrínsecos. O modelo mostrou-se válido com desvios menores que 4% para a enzima livre (57% de FOS) e de 5% para enzima imobilizada (46% de FOS), indicando que ele pode ser utilizado no desenvolvimento e controle de biorreatores. No caso da enzima imobilizada incluiu-se no balanço de massa o efeito da resistência à transferência de massa externa. Devido ao suporte ser um sólido compacto, com porosidade interna desprezível, desprezou-se a difusão intraparticular, considerando-se que a imobilização da enzima foi somente na superfície da partícula. A otimização do processo em reator de cesto em batelada, tanto quanto na do reator de cesto contínuo, foi realizada segundo delineamentos do tipo composto central rotacional (DCCR), nas condições de 50% de sacarose, 50?C e pH 4,5. As condições ótimas para o processo em batelada, foram de 14 Ui/mL para a enzima imobilizada e 45 rpm para a agitação, sendo o rendimento de FOS igual a 50,60% após 24 horas de síntese. Para o reator de cesto contínuo as variáveis otimizadas foram de 15 Ui/mL para a enzima imobilizada e 45 rpm para a agitação, com rendimentos de FOS de 32,1% e produtividade de 5,0 g?L.h, com tempo de residência de 32 h. Neste último caso, o componente principal de FOS foi o GF4 (25%). Os resultados mostraram que a atividade biocatalítica e o coeficiente de transferência de massa tiveram influência significativa no curso da reação e no rendimento de produção de FOS e que o melhor processo foi o de batelada em reator de cesto
Abstract: Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are considered prebiotics, since selectively promote the growth of microorganisms as probiotic Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium bifidus acidophillus. New enzymes, in its free or immobilized form, represent one of the possibilities for this development. In this work, the kinetic modeling and simulation of the synthesis of FOS from sucrose in different types of reactors were carried out. The enzyme utilized was the fructosyltransferase from Rhodotorula sp., a microorganism isolated in a previous study. The studies were performed under conditions of pH 4.5, 50°C and 5 UFT/mL concentration of enzyme. Both free and immobilized enzymes showed the Michaelis-Menten kinetics with substrate inhibition, at concentrations above 70% and 60% (w/v), respectively. Additionally, it was shown that there is competitive inhibition of glucose over sucrose, kestose and nystose uptake. Moreover, the hydrolytic activity on nystose was considered significant, therefore, it was included in the model. After the parameter sensitivity analysis the intrinsic kinetic parameters were determined and the model was validated against experimental data for sucrose concentrations of 50 and 70%. The model proved to be valid with deviations of less than 4% for the free enzyme (57% FOS) and 5% for immobilized enzyme (46% FOS), indicating that it can be used in the development and control of bioreactors. The enzyme immobilization was by adsoption on the surface of a niobium ore, which is a compact solid with negligible internal porosity. For the batch and continuous basket reactor processes, the optimization experiments were simulated in two central composite rotatable designs (DCCR), using 50% of sucrose concentration, 50?C and pH 4.5. The optimum conditions for the batch reactor were: 14 Ui/mL for the activity of immobilized enzyme and agitation speed of 45 rpm, with yield of 50.60% of FOS, after 24 hours of synthesis. For the continuous basket reactor, the optimum conditions were: an activity of immobilized enzyme of 15 Ui/mL and an agitation speed of 45 rpm, performing a FOS yield of approximately 32.1% and produtivity of 5.0 g?L.h, with a residence time of 32 h. In the latter case of the main FOS fraction was the GF4, with about 25% of the total, a result very different from those obtained with other types of reactors. The results showed that the immobilized enzyme activity and the coefficient of mass transfer had a significant influence on the course of the reaction and the yield of FOS and that the best process for FOS production is the batch basket reactor
Doutorado
Engenharia de Alimentos
Doutor em Engenharia de Alimentos
Sabater, Molina María. "Efectos de la poliaminas y los fructooligosacáridos de la dieta sobre la maduración intestinal en cerdos destetados precozmente." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/10862.
Full textIt was evaluated the effects of infant formula supplemented with polyamines and fructooligosaccharides at physiological doses on gut maturation in newborn piglets. Forty newborn piglets were fed maternal milk, a control formula, a formula supplemented with polyamines (5 nmol / ml and 20 nmol spermine / spermidine ml) or a formula supplemented with FOS (8 g/l) (n = 10/experimental group) for 13 days (day 2 after birth through day 15). Animals fed polyamines showed a significant increase in crypt depth of jejunum. The bifidogenic activity of FOS was associated with an increased polyamine concentration in the cecal content of piglets and a decrease in gut maturation parameters analyzed. The Bifidobacterium spp., L. fermentum and L. acidophilus, the most predominant strains after FOS supplementation, were able to produce polyamines in vitro. However, there was not a dose-dependent relationship between FOS addition to the bacterial cecal content and polyamine production in vitro.
Lamounier, Marina Leopoldina. "Sorvete a base de preparado em pó." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11141/tde-23102012-133437/.
Full textObesity is a serious public health and the consumption of foods with reduced levels of sugar and fat, associated with changes in eating habits and exercise comes against the desire of people who need to lose weight. This study aimed to develop various functional dairy formulations prepared with different amounts of sugar, fat and inulin, and preestablished quantities of fructooligosaccharide and flaxseed. Were prepared ice cream mass than the powder form, containing water and mangaba. It can be concluded that the powder preparation and manufacture of ice cream that had a strong potential to marketing, since they are rich in nutritional point of view and contemplate the consumer demand for products simultaneously attractive and healthy.
Bennett, Raffeal. "Gradient Enhanced Fluidity Liquid Chromatography using the Hydrophilic Interaction Separation Mode." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1500995708235286.
Full textSilva, Carlos Eduardo Vieira da. "Produção enzimática de frutooligossacarídeos (FOS) por leveduras a partir de melaço de cana-de-açúcar." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11141/tde-10032009-085546/.
Full textFructooligosaccharides (FOS), sugars unconventional, are oligosaccharides of naturally occurring mainly in products of plant origin. The FOS are produced through an enzymatic reaction of transfructosylation of sucrose resulting in 1-kestose (GF2), nistose (GF3) and fructofuranosyl nistose (GF4). Aiming to produce fructooligosaccharides (FOS) from sugar cane molasses, strains of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kluveromyces marxianus were grown in medium containing sucrose or sugar cane molasses. After different periods of cultivation, aliquots were removed to analyze reducing sugars (AR) and reducing total sugars (ART) by the method of DNS (3.5- dinitrossalicilic acid), the cell growth by turbidimetry to 600nm and cell viability by staining with methylene blue. The production of fructooligosaccharides was accompanied by chromatography on paper and liquid chromatography. Through qualitative analysis on chromatography on paper was observed the presence of FOS when the medium containing molasses cultivated by Kluveromyces marxianus otherwise cultivation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae did not resulted in the production of the FOS. Both of the yeast did not show any activity for the production of FOS when the medium contained sucrose.
Scheid, Marlene Maria Amaral. "The effects of regular intake of freeze-dried powdered yacon in elderly people : Avaliação dos efeitos do consumo de yacon liofilizado em idosos." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/256732.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar as alteracoes fisicas e o conteudo de FOS e acucares nas raizes de yacon fresco armazenadas e verificar se a ingestao diaria, por nove semanas de yacon liofilizado (YL) contendo 7,4 g de FOS altera a motilidade intestinal, perfil glicemico e lipidico, a ingestao alimentar e sistema imunologico de idosos frequentadores da Universidade Aberta da Terceira Idade.A longevidade da populacao humana tem aumentado em todo mundo e esta associada a doencas e alteracoes no sistema imunologico, no metabolismo glicemico, lipidico e na motilidade intestinal. O uso de prebioticos tem demonstrado eficacia contra condicoes patologicas, comuns na populacao idosa, como doencas cardiacas, metabolicas e alteracoes intestinais. Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) uma planta originaria dos Andes, e reconhecida pelo potencial prebiotico devido a alta concentracao de frutooligossacarideos (FOS). Para avaliar as alteracoes fisicas e mudancas no teor de acucar e FOS, as raizes de yacon fresco foram armazenadas a temperatura ambiente (25oC), e em geladeira (4oC) durante 31 dias. Glicose, frutose, sacarose e FOS de cada amostra foram extraidas com agua e analisados por cromatografia de ions em um sistema Dionex ICS-5000. Setenta e dois idosos, media de idade 67,11 ¡Ó 6,11 idade, foram estudados durante 9 semanas em um estudo duplo-cego placebo-controlado. Eles foram aleatoriamente divididos em grupo experimento, que recebeu 18g de YL contendo 7,4 g FOS e grupo placebo, que recebeu 12g de maltodextrina. O estado nutricional foi realizado antes e apos 9 semanas de intervencao atraves da avaliacao do consumo alimentar, antropometrica e bioquimica. O habito intestinal foi avaliado antes e apos a intervencao atraves de um questionario, contendo informacoes sobre frequencia evacuatoria, esforco para evacuar, dor a evacuacao, sensacao de evacuacao incompleta, dores abdominais, tempo gasto para iniciar a evacuacao, tipo de auxilio para evacuacao, tentativas falhas/dia e duracao da constipacao. A avaliacao da funcao imune, realizada antes e apos 9 semanas foi feita pelas dosagens de citocinas (IL-1¿Ñ, IL-1£], IL-2, IL-4,IL6, IL-8, IL10, TNF- ?, INF-?). O estudo revelou que raízes de yacon têm elevado conteúdo de FOS (74% em massa seca) e durante o armazenamento o teor FOS reduz-se nas raízes armazenadas a 4°C e a 25°C, sendo menor no armazenamento em geladeira (4º C). Além disso, durante o armazenamento, tubérculos de yacon fresco se deterioram, tornando-se murchos e desidratados. A ingestão diária de YL com 7,4 g de FOS por 9 semanas diminuiu significativamente (4,6%) a glicemia sanguínea (p = 0,013), mas não reduziu a concentração de lipídios séricos em idosos. A dose dada foi limitada para melhorar o trânsito intestinal, e não causou inchaço, flatulência ou desconforto intestinal. Idosos de ambos os grupos apresentavam adequado estado nutricional e adequada função imunológica antes da intervenção. Os idosos que consumiram YL mostraram um decréscimo significativo nos níveis de IL-1? (p < 0,001) e quando ajustado para idade e massa gorda, houve redução significativa de 54,6% na IL-6 (p = 0,039) quando comparado com o grupo placebo. Nosso estudo apresentou um elevado nível de participação (97,3%). Nossos dados indicam que raízes de yacon são consideradas uma fonte potencial de FOS, é recomendável que sejam armazenado à 4º C e consumidas até o décimo sétimo dia pós-colheita. YL foi bem aceito pelos idosos, é um produto de fácil armazenamento e quando consumido diariamente melhora o perfil glicêmico e a resposta imunológica, entretanto não podemos afirmar que se associa à melhora do perfil lipídico e do hábito intestinal de idosos
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical changes and the changes of FOS and sugar content in fresh yacon roots post- harvest and to verify if the daily intake for 9 weeks of freeze-dried powdered yacon (FDY) containing 7.4 g of FOS could alter bowel habit, affect glycaemic and lipid metabolic profile, the dietary intake and the immune system of non-institutionalised elderly.Human longevity has increased in many countries and is associated with diseases and changes in the immune system and the metabolism of glucose, lipids, and intestinal transit. The use of prebiotics has demonstrated efficacy against pathological conditions that are common in the elderly, including heart disease, inflammatory and metabolic disease and intestinal dysmotility. Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) is a plant originating from the Andes, which is recognised for its prebiotic potential due to its high concentration of fructooligosaccharides (FOS). To evaluate the physical changes and changes in sugar and FOS in fresh yacon roots stored under room temperature and chilled conditions during 31 days, the glucose, fructose, sucrose and FOS in each sample were extracted with water and analysed in an Ion Chromatograph Dionex Model ICS-5000. Seventy two elderly, (mean age 67.11 ± 6.11 years), were studied for 9 weeks in a double- blind placebo-controlled experiment. They were randomly assigned to either the supplemented group, receiving 18g FDY containing 7.4 g of FOS and the placebo group, receiving 12g Maltodextrin. Anthropometric measurements, intestinal transit, blood samples, clinical analyses, dietary intake and serum cytokine levels were determined at the start and at the end of the experiment. The study revealed that yacon roots have a good content of FOS, and that the FOS content of yacon root stored at 4°C decreased, but to a lesser extent than that stored at 25°C. Besides this, during storage, fresh yacon tubers deteriorated in appearance where they became withered and dried. A daily intake of FDY containing 7.4 g FOS for 9 weeks produced a significant effect in decreasing mean serum glucose (p = 0.013) while was incapable of reducing serum lipid concentration in the elderly. The dose given was limited in order not to adversely affect intestinal transit. It did not cause bloating, flatulence or intestinal discomfort. The elderly of both groups were well-nourished with an adequate immune function. Comparative analyses of variables between the 2 groups and the 2 time showed significant decrease on IL-1? (p < 0,001). When adjusted for age and fat mass the production of IL-6, in FDY-supplement group has a significant decrease of 54, 6% compared to that of the placebo group (p = 0.039).Our study had a high level of participation being 97.3%. Our data indicate that yacon roots are a potential source of FOS, and that it is recommended that yacon should be stored at 4oC and consumed before 17 days post-harvest. Freeze-dried powdered yacon was well accepted and when consumed daily had beneficial effects on serum glucose and on the immune system of the elderly
Doutorado
Ciência de Alimentos
Doutora em Ciência de Alimentos
NISHI, Adriana Candida Faustino. "Extrato aquoso de yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) desidratado por atomização." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/1475.
Full textYacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) is a tuberous root native to the Andean region, considered a functional food due to the presence of bioactive components that contribute to the balance of the intestinal microbiota. To incorporate these compounds into the diet of the population, the development of dry extract standardized as fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and phenolic compounds (CF) was proposed, using the spray drying technique. To obtain yacon dry extracts, roots were characterized, and subsequently, an aqueous extract was prepared through the grinding and filtering technique. Then, a study on the drying process was conducted in order to assess the effects of the addition of different adjuvants (aerosil, maltodextrin and pregelatinized starch) on the final concentration of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and phenolic compounds (PC) in the dry matter. The study was based on twolevel factorial design with three focal points, using adjuvant concentration (20, 50% w / w) and feeding flow rate (2, 6 mL / min) as factors. The best combination of the drying parameters was determined by considering the effects of independent variables (adjuvant concentration and feeding flow rate) on the FOS and PC contents in the dry extracts. In the root characterization, the following contents on a dry basis were found: moisture 9.29 ± 0.085; ash 3.33 ± 0.07, protein 4.29 ± 0.173, lipids 0.80 ± 0.0359, total carbohydrates 81.49 ± 4.18, total fructose 56.47 ± 0.97, reducing sugars 24.05 ± 0.13 and FOS 32.43 ± 0.971. The fresh aqueous extract showed FOS 33.47 (% w / w) and PC 0.44 (% w / w) with better antioxidant activity compared to BHT (2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol). The aqueous extract concentrated in a rotary evaporator showed density 1.04 ± 0.002, viscosity 4.34 ± 0.056, and total solids 10.67 ± 0.051. In general, the dried extracts obtained with aerosil, maltodextrin and pregelatinized starch showed FOS contents from 27.20 to 32.4, 24.25 to 31.3 and 23.54 to 35.64 (% w / w ), respectively, and PC from 0.267 to 0.320, 0.319 to 0.399 and 0.407 to 0.425 (% w / w), respectively. The statistical analysis for the three types of adjuvants and the effects of independent variables on the response variables (FOS and PC) showed that the dried extracts were influenced in different ways. Aerosil: Analysis of variance for the linear model showed that this model was not significant, F equal to 2.44 in the response FOS content. PC was influenced by X2, F 29.10 and r2 0.8534. Maltodextrin: The FOS content was influenced by X1, F 13, and r2 0.7222. PC was influenced by X2, F 9.70 and r2 0.6599. Pregelatinized starch: The linear model did not describe the experimental data for the FOS content. The surface response of the PC content in function of X1 and X2 showed a trend to increase the PC content by reducing the adjuvant concentration and increasing the feeding flow rate. Moisture content of less than 5% in all the extracts indicates that the configuration of the equipment variables was correctly set. The yield was affected by constraints of the technique to extracts rich in sugars and with low molecular weight, ranging from 10 to 55%, which lowest results were found for extracts dried with starch. The images of the microstructure of extracts dried with aerosil resulted in spherical particles with diameter between 0.5 and 1.0 μm, while maintaining the appearance of fine and loose powder. Extracts dried with maltodextrin and pregelatinized starch tended to form clusters.
Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) é uma raiz tuberosa nativa da região dos Andes, considerada um alimento com propriedade funcional porque possui componentes bioativos que contribuem para o equilíbrio da microbiota intestinal. Para conseguir incorporar estes compostos na dieta da população, propôs-se a elaboração de extrato seco padronizado em frutooligossacarídeos (FOS) e compostos fenólicos (CF) pela técnica de spray dryer. Para obtenção dos extratos secos de yacon, as raízes foram caracterizadas, e posteriormente foi elaborado um extrato aquoso pela técnica de trituração e filtragem. Na sequência, foi realizado um estudo do processo de secagem buscando avaliar os efeitos da adição de diferentes adjuvantes (aerosil, maltodextrina e amido pré-gelatinizado) sobre os teores finais de frutooligossacarídeos (FOS) e compostos fenólicos (CF) no extrato seco. O estudo foi baseado em planejamentos fatoriais em dois níveis com três pontos centrais, utilizando-se como fatores, a concentração do adjuvante (20; 50 %p/p) e o fluxo de alimentação (2; 6 mL/min). A melhor combinação dos parâmetros de secagem foi determinada considerando os efeitos das variáveis independentes (concentração de adjuvante e fluxo de alimentação) sobre o teor de FOS e CF, nos extratos secos. Na caracterização da raiz verificou-se teores em base seca de umidade 9,29±0,085; cinzas 3,33±0,07; proteína 4,29±0,173; lipídeos 0,80±0,0359; carboidratos totais 81,49±4,18; Frutose total 56,47±0,97; açúcares redutores 24,05±0,13; FOS 32,43±0,971. O extrato aquoso in natura apresentou FOS de 33,47(%p/p) e CF de 0,44(%p/p) com uma atividade antioxidante melhor, comparada ao BHT (2,6-Di-terc-butyl-4-methylphenol). O extrato aquoso concentrado em evaporador rotativo apresentou densidade 1,04±0,002; viscosidade 4,34±0,056; sólidos totais 10,67±0,051. No geral, os extratos secos obtidos com aerosil, maltodextrina, amido pré-gelatinizado, apresentaram conteúdos de FOS entre 27,20 a 32,4; 24,25 a 31,3; 23,54 a 35,64 (%p/p), respectivamente e CF e 0,267 a 0,320; 0,319 a 0,399; 0,407 a 0,425 (%p/p), respectivamente. Os resultados da análise estatística realizada para os três tipos de adjuvantes e os efeitos das variáveis independentes sobre as variáveis respostas (FOS e CF) demonstrou que os extratos secos sofreram influências de diferentes maneiras. Aerosil: A análise de variância para o modelo linear mostrou que esse modelo não foi significativo, F igual a 2,44 na resposta teor de FOS. CF foi influenciado por X2, F de 29,10 e r2 de 0,8534. Maltodextrina: O teor de FOS foi influenciado por X1, F de 13, e r2 de 0,7222. CF foi influenciado por X2, F de 9,70 e r2 0,6599. Amido pré-gelatinizado: O modelo linear não descreveu os dados experimentais para o teor de FOS. A superfície de resposta do teor de CF em função de X1 e X2 apresentou uma tendência ao aumento no teor de CF com a diminuição da concentração do adjuvante e o aumento do fluxo de alimentação. A umidade inferior a 5% em todos os extratos indicaram que a configuração das variáveis do equipamento foi ajustada corretamente. O rendimento foi afetado por limitações da técnica à extratos ricos em açúcares de baixo peso molecular, variação entre 10 a 55%, cujos menores resultados foram encontrados para os extratos secos com amido. As imagens da microestrutura dos extratos secos com aerosil resultaram em partículas esféricas com diâmetro entre 0,5 e 1,0μm, mantendo o aspecto de pó fino e solto. Os extratos secos com maltodextrina e amido prégelatinizado apresentaram tendência à aglomeração.
Santos, Bibiana Alves dos 1982. "Reformulação de produto cárneo fermentado cozido = redução de gordura e sódio." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/255085.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: A busca por alimentos com melhores propriedades nutricionais tem levado osegmentode processamento de produtos cárneos a rever suas formulações em relação a alguns componentes que podem aumentar o risco de doenças crônicas, tais como teores de gordura, sal, aditivos, entre outros. No entanto, a reformulação destes produtos deve manter as características de segurança, estabilidade, sabor e demais atributos característicos do produto. As carnes constituem-se em importante fonte de nutrientes importantes, como ácidos graxos, minerais, proteínas e peptídeos bioativos na dieta. Porém, produtos cárneos apresentam grande percentual de gordura saturada e colesterol além do elevado teor de sódio. Neste contexto, o objetivo do estudo foi substituir em 50% o percentual de gordura em produto fermentado cozido (pepperoni) por diferentes níveis de fibra prebiótica (3, 6 e 9% de frutooligossacarídeo ¿ FOS) e avaliar a qualidade global durante 60 dias de armazenamento refrigerado. E substituir em 50 e 75% o teor de NaCl por KCl em pepperoni ao utilizar realçadores de sabor (0,06% glutamato monossódico, 0,06% 5¿ribonucleotídeos- inosinato dissódico e guanilato dissódico) e aminoácidos (1% lisina e 0,075% taurina) com avaliação físico-química, cor, perfil de textura e sensorial. Pepperonis com teor reduzido de gordura adicionado de diferentes níveis de FOS mantiveram as características físico-químicas, microbiológicas, cor, perfil de textura e sensoriais comparadas à formulação controle (sem redução de gordura). Além disso, o frutooligossacarídeo adicionado não foi degradado durante todo o período de vida útil dos produtos. Os pepperonis com redução de cloreto de sódio em 50% foram similares ao produto controle (sem redução de NaCl) em relação a todos os parâmetros avaliados e a redução de sódio foi de 42,80%. No entanto, a redução de 75% NaCl proporcionou alterações na cor e perfil de textura. A aceitação sensorial também foi prejudicada na maioria das formulações estudadas porém a combinação de glutamato monossódico com inosinato dissódico/guanilato dissódico, lisina e taurina resultou em formulações com notas semelhantes à formulação controle. Neste experimento, a redução de sódio foi de 68,10%. Deste modo, o estudo demonstra que a redução de gordura e cloreto e sódio em produto cárneo fermentado cozido é possível e traz benefícios à qualidade nutricional destes produtos
Abstract: The demand for food with improved nutritional properties has led the meat products industry to re-evaluate their formulations. However, the reformulation of these products must preserve the food safety, stability, taste and other functional properties. The meat will constitute an important source of nutrients such as fatty acids, minerals, proteins and bioactive peptides in the diet. On the other hand, meat products have a high content of saturated fat and cholesterol, besides the high sodium content and very low levels of fibers. In this context, the aim of this study was: replace 50% of the total fat in cooked fermented product (pepperoni) by different levels of prebiotic fibre (3, 6 and 9% of fructooligosaccharides - FOS) and to evaluate the overall quality during 60 days of in refrigerated storage. And to replace 50 and 75% of NaCl content by using KCl in the pepperoni using flavor enhancers (06% monosodium glutamate, 06% 5'ribonucleotídeos-inosinate disodium and guanylate disodium) and amino acids (1% lysine and 075% taurine) with physico-chemical evaluation, color, texture profile and sensory analysis compared to a control formulation (no fat reduction). Pepperoni with reduced fat supplemented with different levels of FOS maintain the physico-chemical and microbiological properaties, color, texture profile and sensory characteristics when compared to the control formulation (no fat reduction). Moreover, the fructooligosaccharides were not degraded during the whole store period of the products. Pepperonis with 50% sodium chloride reduction were similar to the control (no reduction of NaCl) for all evaluated parameters, and the sodium reduction was 42.80%. However, the reduction of 75% NaCl resulted in changes in color and texture profile. The sensorial acceptance was also impaired in most of the formulations of this study, although the combination of monosodium glutamate with disodium inosinate / disodium guanylate, lysine and taurine resulted in formulations with a similar score when compare to the control formulation. In this experiment, sodium reduction was 68.10%. Thus, the study demonstrates that reducing fat and sodium chloride in fermented cooked meat products is possible and can bring benefits in the nutritional quality of these products
Mestrado
Tecnologia de Alimentos
Mestre em Tecnologia de Alimentos
Galvão, Daiane Felberg Antunes 1978. "Influência da fonte de carbono na produção de fruto-oligossacarídeos, na composição da parede celular e na expressão de genes relacionados à sua biossíntese em Fusarium solani (Mart) Sacc. e Neocosmospora vasinfecta E. F. Sm." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317722.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Fruto-oligossacarídeos (FOS) são frutanos de baixo peso molecular produzidos por microorganismos. O interesse em FOS vem aumentando uma vez que eles são considerados ingredientes funcionais benéficos à saúde humana. Com o objetivo de analisar como a produção de FOS e a composição da parede celular de fungos filamentosos é afetada pela fonte de carbono, os fungos Fusarium solani (URM 3338) e Neocosmospora vasinfecta (URM 3329) foram cultivados em meios contendo cinco fontes de carbono diferentes (sacarose, inulina, glucose, frutose ou glucose mais frutose, todos a 1%) e coletas foram realizadas aos 5, 10 e 15 dias de crescimento. A partir do meio de cultivo filtrado foram analisados o pH, teores de açúcar total, açúcares redutores e proteínas, a presença de FOS e atividades enzimáticas invertásica e inulinásica. A partir do micélio, a biomassa foi quantificada e a parede celular foi isolada e sua composição em açúcares neutros, ácidos urônicos e quitina analisada. Foi avaliada também a expressão relativa de genes de síntese de parede celular b-1,3-glucano sintase e quitina sintases. Os dois fungos utilizaram todas as fontes de carbono crescendo nas diferentes condições. Atividade de hidrólise foi detectada no meio contendo sacarose ou inulina para o fungo F. solani, gerando glucose, frutose e fruto-oligossacarideos como produtos havendo utilização dos monossacarídeos. O micélio deste fungo apresentou alterações visíveis no crescimento em meio sólido apenas no meio com frutose, mas foi observada igual quantidade de quitina da parede celular deste fungo quando crescido por cinco dias em sacarose e inulina, mas em menor quantidade com relação aos demais meios. As análises de expressão relativa de genes mostraram indução do gene da b-1,3-glucano sintase e repressão do gene quitina sintase 5 em sacarose e inulina com relação a condição frutose. Estes dados sugerem que a alteração na composição da parede celular do F. solani pode ter relação com a secreção de enzimas nos meios sacarose e inulina. Para N. vasinfecta, quando crescido em sacarose foi observada atividade de transfrutosilação, com a liberação de glucose e síntese de 1-cestose (FOS) no meio. Transfrutosilação também foi observada no meio que teve inulina como fonte de carbono. O micélio deste fungo apresentou alterações visíveis em meio sólido nas condições frutose e inulina, sendo mais hialino do que nas demais condições. A quantidade de quitina na parede celular deste fungo crescido por cinco dias foi maior nas condições frutose e inulina com relação às demais. As análises de expressão relativa de genes mostraram indução dos genes de quitina sintase 4 e 5 nestas duas condições em relação à sacarose. A partir dos resultados, pode-se concluir que as fontes de carbono oferecidas foram utilizadas pelos fungos, que as mesmas afetaram a composição de açúcares da parede celular e a expressão de genes de síntese de componentes da parede e que estes fungos são promissores para a produção de FOS, pois possuem enzimas que hidrolisam a inulina, além de enzimas que sintetizam oligossacarídeos a partir de sacarose por transfrutosilação
Abstract: Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are low molecular weight fructans produced by microbes and plants. Interest in FOS has been increasing since they are considered as functional food ingredients with benefical effects in human nutrition. With the aim of examining how the production of FOS and the composition of the cell wall of filamentous fungi are affected by the carbon source, Fusarium solani (URM 3338) and Neocosmospora vasinfecta (URM 3329) were cultured in media containing five different carbon sources (sucrose, inulin, glucose, fructose or glucose plus fructose) and samples were taken at 5, 10 and 15 days of growth. From the filtered culture medium, pH, total carbohydrates, reducing sugars and proteins, the presence of FOS and inulinase and invertase activities were analyzed. Mycelium biomass was measured and the cell wall was isolated and its composition in neutral sugars, uronic acids and chitin analyzed. The expression of b-1,3-glucan synthase and chitin synthase genes was also evaluated. Both fungi utilized all the carbon sources for growing. In sucrose- and inulin-containing media, hydrolytic activity was detected in F. solani generating glucose, fructose and FOS as products. When grown on solid culture media, visible changes were observed in mycelium of this fungus only in fructose, but the amount of chitin in the cell wall was higher in the sucrose and inulin-containing media when compared to other carbon sources. The expression b-1,3-glucan synthase gene was induced and chitin synthase 5 gene repressed on sucrose and inulin media. N. vasinfecta showed transfructosilation activity when was grown in sucrose, with release of glucose and synthesis of 1-kestose (FOS) in the culture medium. Transfructosilation was also observed in the inulin-containing medium. The mycelium showed visible changes when the fungus was cultured in solid medium with fructose or inulin as carbon sources. The amount of chitin in the cell wall of this fungus when grown for five days in inulin or fructose was higher in comparison to other carbon sources. The analysis of gene expression showed induction of chitin synthase 4 and 5 genes in these two conditions in relation to sucrose. From the results it can be concluded that the carbon sources affected growth, enzymic activity, composition of the cell wall and gene expression in F. solani and N. vasinfecta, and that these fungi are promising organisms for FOS production since they secrete enzymes that hydrolyze inulin or synthesize oligosaccharides from sucrose by transfructosylation
Doutorado
Biologia Celular
Doutora em Biologia Celular e Estrutural
Agopian, Roberta Ghedini Der. "Ocorrência e biossíntese de frutooligossacarídeos em banana." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9131/tde-19012015-141126/.
Full textBanana has been currently indicated as a good source of fructooligosaccharides (FOS), which are considered to be functional components of foods. However, significant differences in their amounts in bananas have been observed in the literature. So, a part of this work aims to identify and quantify FOS during ripening in different banana cultivars belonging to the most common genomic groups cultivated in Brazil. Considering that these differences can be due to cultivar, stage of ripening, and the methodologies used for FOS analyses, sugar contents were analyzed by high performance anion exchange chromatography pulsed amperiometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and gas chromatography- mass spectrometry (GC-MS). An initial screening of eight cultivars in a full-ripe stage showed that 1-Kestose, the first member of the FOS series (amounts between 297 and 1600 µg/g of D.M), was accumulated in all of them. Nystose, the second member, was detected only in Prata cultivar. Five of the cultivars were analyzed during ripening, and a strong correlation could be established with a specific sucrose level (~200 mg/g of D.M.), which seems to trigger the synthesis of 1-Kestose. In a second part of this work, the levels of sucrose and total-FOS were quantified in different phases of banana Prata ripening stored at ambient and low temperature. The supposed enzymes involved in their synthesis were also evaluated. To explore the possibility that invertase could be responsible for the fructosyltransferase activity in banana, we measured the effect of the inhibitor Pyridoxal HCl, the level of substrate concentration on both hydrolyze and transglycosylase activity in the same protein extract and the effect of time on kinetic study of the enzyme. The cold temperature delayed all the analyzed events for 15 days and sucrose levels increased low, but constantly, while banana were stored at low temperature and had a burst when it increased. Total-FOS were detected in the first days after harvest, while 1-kestose remained undetectable until the sucrose levels were around 200 mg.g (dry weight), in both groups. Total-FOS and sucrose levels were higher in banana stored at low temperature than in control. In both samples total-FOS levels were higher than 1-kestose. The carbohydrate profiles by HPLC and TLC suggest the presence of neokestose, 6-kestose and bifurcose. The enzyme supposed to be responsible for the transglycosilation activity in banana, seems to be an invertase. However, the higher sucrose levels found in banana stored at low temperature could be result of several changes in biosynthetic and degradative enzymes, such sucrose-synthase, sucrose-phosphate-synthase, invertase and others, once that sucrose plays a central role in a lot of direct and indirect carbohydrate pathways in banana fruits. So, in the last part of this work, we analyzed the sucrose accumulation and synthesis and activity of synthetic, hydrolytic and phosphorolytic enzymes that are important in the starch-sucrose metabolism during ripening of banana Prata stored at ambient and low temperature. The levels of starch degradation and sucrose accumulation (around 20% over) showed high levels in cold fruits as compared with control, during the ripening. The cold temperature delayed the ethylene and CO2 production, and the beginning of the starch degradation, concomitantly with a delay in the profile of α-amylase synthesis and activity. The late climateric also maintained the high synthesis and activity of SuSy during the cold storage that decreased just after ending the cold exposure. The β-amylase, phosphorylase (plastidial and citossolic forms) and the SPS enzymes showed a positive induction in the both activity and synthesis of protein during the cold storage. It could be important to the higher sugars levels showed at low temperature and that could contribute to the process of cold resistance in banana fruit.
Santos, Douglas Xavier dos. "Synbiotic aerated dessert: diet product development and evaluation of the intake effects in individuals with metabolic syndrome." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9133/tde-22012018-101115/.
Full textO objetivo deste trabalho foi adaptar uma sobremesa aerada simbiótica diet do tipo musse, processada com a adição de uma cultura probiótica de Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5 e de ingredientes prebióticos (fruto-oligossacarídeos e inulina), a partir da formulação contendo sacarose desenvolvida anteriormente, e avaliar os efeitos de sua ingestão em voluntários adultos com síndrome metabólica (MetS) durante um período de 8 semanas de intervenção. Adicionalmente, para melhorar a resistência do probiótico frente às condições gastrintestinais simuladas, otimizou-se um processo de microencapsulação da cepa probiótica. Para o desenvolvimento do produto, as formulações foram produzidas em triplicata, em que se avaliou a sobrevivência da cultura probiótica, a textura instrumental e a aceitabilidade sensorial até 112 dias de armazenamento sob congelamento (-18 oC). Em seguida, foi realizado um estudo randomizado, duplo-cego e controlado por placebo, no qual o produto desenvolvido foi administrado a quarenta e cinco indivíduos com MetS divididos em dois grupos, cada um recebendo 40 g/dia de: mousse simbiótica diet (SDM) (n=23) e musse placebo diet (PDM) sem componentes pro- e prebióticos (n=22). As amostras sanguíneas foram coletadas em jejum no início e após 8 semanas de consumo diário de ambas as musses para a determinação dos parâmetros antropométricos, bioquímicos, hematológicos, inflamatórios e imunológicos. Posteriormente, com o intuito de melhorar a sobrevivência do L. acidophilus La-5 em condições gastrointestinais simuladas in vitro, as condições de processo de microencapsulação da cepa probiótica via spray drying foram otimizadas, utilizando inulina como agente encapsulante. A viabilidade de L. acidophilus La-5 incorporados na SDM foi superior a 7,8 log UFC/g e se manteve estável ao longo do armazenamento. A PDM mostrou menor aceitabilidade (5.77-6.50) após o armazenamento do que a SDM (6.67-7.03). A textura foi o atributo mais apreciado, sendo que a dureza da SDM apresentou elevação, enquanto a da PDM manteve-se estável. O ensaio clínico revelou reduções significativas de colesterol total, colesterol-HDL, imunoglobulinas (A e M) e interleucina1β em ambos os grupos durante o período de intervenção. Entretanto, no que se refere às mudanças intergrupos, não se observou diferenças significativas para todos os parâmetros avaliados (p>0,05). Após a otimização do processo de microencapsulação da cultura probiótica (80 mL/min, 82% e 10%, respectivamente para o fluxo de alimentação, taxa de aspiração e concentração de inulina), a cepa probiótica microencapsulada incorporada a amostra SDM apresentou a maior sobrevivência gastrointestinal in vitro (p<0,05) nas diferentes etapas do ensaio, a saber: após a fase gástrica: 5,68 log UFC/g (83,3%); fase entérica I: 5,61 log UFC/g (82,3%); fase entérica II: 5,56 log UFC/g (81,4%). Portanto, esses resultados sugerem que a presença de probiótico e prebiótico na SDM não apresentou efeitos adicionais na saúde dos voluntários com MetS. Adicionalmente, os resultados confirmaram a adequação do processo de spray drying para a microencapsulação de L. acidophilus La-5 utilizando inulina como agente de revestimento, proporcionando uma maior resistência da cepa probiótica microencapsulada às condições gastrintestinais simuladas in vitro.
Conceição, Rosetania Correia Neves da. "Lactobacillus paracasei microencapsulados com alginato de cálcio revestidos com gelatina: sobrevivência in vitro e aplicação em bebidas à base de oleaginosas." Universidade Federal do Tocantins, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11612/417.
Full textThe survival of two strains of Lactobacillus paracasei (LBC81 and ELBAL) coencapsulated with fructooligosaccharides (FOS) in calcium alginate coated with or without gelatin were evaluated at pH 1.5, in the presence of 1% and 2% of bile salts and storage at 4°C. The yield of the microencapsulation and the size of the microcapsules were evaluated. The size of the gelatin uncoated microcapsules varied among 1.5 and 1.7 mm and those coated presented variation among 1.8 and 2.0 mm. The yield of the microencapsulation was 59% to 73%. Microencapsulated probiotics were resistant to low pH, presence of bile salts and to low temperatures storage, presenting cell viability above 8,0 Log CFU/mL for 35 days, and free cells did not resist under the same conditions. Lactobacillus paracasei (LBC81) microencapsulated with 1.5% FOS coated with gelatin were able to ferment water soluble extracts of Brazil nuts and baru, separately. The fermented water soluble extracts presented desirable characteristics of pH (5,5) and lactic acid concentration (1,4%) within the standards required for this type of beverage during fermentation and after 21 days of storage. The cell population during and after the refrigerated storage was 9,5 Log UFC/mL, above that recommended by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) to cause consumer health benefits. The extracts can be used commercially for the production of new functional beverages. This is the first study in which microencapsulated probiotics have been used for the development of oleaginous based beverages.
FERREIRA, Talita dos Anjos. "Desenvolvimento de bebida láctea fermentada sabor pitanga (Eugenia uniflora L.) com característica probiótica e simbiótica." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2015. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/4923.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The development of new food products has been influenced by factors such as consumer demand for new trends in food, convenience, taste, ease of maintenance and the need to eat healthy foods, and nurture, promote well-being and health, as called functional foods. Thus, the objective of this study was to develop formulations of fermented dairy drink flavored with cherry fruit and prepared with probiotic cultures and fructooligosaccharides (FOS), for better acceptability and and thus verify its physical-chemical, microbiological and long shelf life. Four milk beverage formulations were prepared with two cherry fruit containing 40% whey (one added with FOS and one not), and two containing 20% whey (one added with FOS and the other not). The formulations were fermented with probiotic cultures and added cherry pulp (3%) and stored under refrigeration after processing for further analysis. The milk drinks were subjected to sensory acceptance testing and buying intention. They Formulations 1 (20% whey and 4% FOS) and 3 (20% whey and without FOS) were selected for the present greater acceptance rates by the evaluators and the best means for the attributes flavor, aroma, consistency, overall assessment and purchase intent. These formulations were subjected to chemical composition analysis and evaluation of pH stability, acidity, bacterial count of lactic acid at 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of refrigerated storage. The formulations showed good stability for pH, acidity and has met the minimum score of 108 CFU for lactic acid bacteria, is considered 100ml product. Thus, the fermented dairy drink flavor cherry prepared under the conditions of this study was presented as a technologically viable product and production potential for functional dairy industry.
O desenvolvimento de novos produtos alimentícios tem sido influenciado por fatores como demanda dos consumidores por novas tendências em alimentos, praticidade, sabor, facilidade de conservação e a necessidade de ingerir alimentos saudáveis que, além de nutrirem, promovam bem-estar e saúde, como os chamados alimentos funcionais. Desta forma, objetivou-se desenvolver diferentes formulações de bebida láctea fermentada sabor pitanga, elaboradas com culturas probióticas e fruto-oligossacarídeos (FOS), avaliando sua aceitação sensorial e, por conseguinte, suas características físico-químicas, microbiológicas e estabilidade das formulações selecionadas, durante o armazenamento refrigerado. Foram elaboradas quatro formulações de bebidas lácteas sabor pitanga sendo duas contendo 40% de soro de leite (uma adicionada de FOS e outra não), e outras duas contendo 20% de soro de leite (uma adicionada de FOS e outra não). As formulações foram fermentadas com culturas probióticas e adicionadas de polpa de pitanga (3%), sendo após o processamento armazenadas sob refrigeração para posteriores análises. As bebidas lácteas foram submetidas ao teste de aceitação sensorial e intenção de compra. As formulações 1 (20% de soro lácteo e 4% de FOS) e 3 (20% de soro lácteo e sem adição de FOS) foram selecionadas por apresentarem os maiores índices de aceitabilidade pelos avaliadores e melhores médias para os atributos sabor, aroma, consistência, avaliação global e intenção de compra. Estas formulações foram submetidas à análise de composição centesimal e avaliação da estabilidade quanto ao pH, acidez e contagem de bactérias ácido lático nos tempos 0, 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias de estocagem refrigerada. As formulações apresentaram boa estabilidade quanto ao pH, acidez e atendeu a contagem mínima de 108 UFC para bactérias ácido lático, se considerado 100ml do produto. Deste modo, a bebida láctea fermentada sabor pitanga elaborada nas condições deste estudo apresentou-se como um produto viável tecnologicamente e com potencial de produção pela indústria de produtos lácteos funcionais.
Zhang, Fan. "Iron absorption and regulatory mechanisms: effects of fructooligosaccharide and other prebiotics." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2017. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/413.
Full textSilveira, Ericka Oliveira da. "Desenvolvimento de bebida láctea achocolatada de cabra contendo Bifidobacterium lactis, inulina e Frutooligossacarídeos." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2014. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/4071.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The development of functional goat dairy products is a viable alternative to add value to goat milk and to popularize new functional foods, considering the growing demand for foods with high nutritional quality, tasteful and promoters of well-being and health. This study aimed to produce chocolate goat dairy beverages with the probiotic Bifidobacterium lactis and evaluate the effects of goat cheese whey and prebiotics (inulin and oligofructose) on the physicochemical parameters and sensory features of the beverages during 28 days of refrigerated storage. Seven formulations of dairy beverages were analyzed for protein, fat, ash and lactose immediately after production, and submitted to physicochemical analysis (titratable acidity, total solids, pH, syneresis, apparent viscosity) and microbiological analysis, including B. lactis viability, after 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Sensory acceptability was determined after 14 days. All formulations had decreased pH and concomitant increase in the acidity during refrigerated storage. Beverages made with the lowest amounts of whey (F1 and F3) had greater decrease in pH from 14 days of storage. The apparent viscosity increased up to 21 days for all formulations, and up to 28 days for F4 (6 g 100 g - 1 prebiotics and 45 mL 100 mL -1 whey), possibly related to the higher amounts of whey and inulin. B. lactis showed counts between 6 and 8 log CFU mL-1. F4 presented the highest average in sensory attributes flavor and aroma. Apparently, larger amounts of prebiotics and whey in the beverage enhance the flavor perception, which may be a consequence of the intensification of cocoa flavor and / or lower acidity perception. Thus, F4 was the formulation that best represented the desirability profile chosen for the probiotic chocolate goat dairy beverage as best viscosity and improved sensory features.
O desenvolvimento de derivados lácteos funcionais de cabra é uma alternativa viável para agregação de valor ao leite de cabra e popularização de novos alimentos funcionais, considerando a crescente demanda por alimentos com qualidade nutricional, sabor agradável e promotores de bem-estar e saúde. O objetivo deste estudo foi elaborar bebidas lácteas achocolatadas de cabra (F1 a F7) contendo Bifidobacterium lactis e avaliar os efeitos do soro de queijo de cabra e do prebiótico Synergy 1® (inulina e oligofrutose) sobre as propriedades físico-químicas e sensoriais durante 28 dias de armazenamento refrigerado. As bebidas lácteas foram avaliadas imediatamente após a fabricação quanto à proteína, gordura, cinzas e lactose, submetidas às análises físico-químicas (acidez titulável, sólidos totais, pH, sinérese, viscosidade aparente) e microbiológicas, incluindo a viabilidade da B. lactis, durante o armazenamento após 1, 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias. Após 14 dias de armazenamento foi determinada a aceitabilidade sensorial. Todas as formulações tiveram uma diminuição do pH concomitante a um aumento na acidez ao longo do armazenamento refrigerado. As bebidas formuladas com menor quantidade de soro (F1 e F3) tiveram uma queda maior no pH a partir de 14 dias de armazenamento. As formulações F3 e F4 (contendo 6 g 100 g-1 de prebiótico) apresentaram teor de sólidos totais significativamente mais elevados. A viscosidade aparente aumentou até 21 dias em todas as formulações, e para F4 (maiores proporções de soro e de prebióticos - 45 mL 100 mL-1 e 6 g 100 mL-1 - respectivamente) este aumento se estendeu até os 28 dias, possivelmente relacionado à influência do soro e da inulina. Durante todo o período estudado B. lactis apresentou contagens entre 6 e 8 log UFC mL-1, sendo a maior viabilidade observada para a formulação F1 (8,13±0,03 UFC mL-1). A maior mediana nos atributos sabor e aroma foi observada para F4. Aparentemente uma maior quantidade de prebiótico na bebida melhorou a percepção do sabor, o que pode ser uma consequência da intensificação do sabor de cacau e ou da menor percepção da acidez. Já o aumento do soro melhorou a percepção do aroma na bebida láctea. Assim, F4 foi a formulação que melhor representou o perfil de desejabilidade escolhido para a bebida láctea probiótica achocolatada de cabra, como melhor viscosidade e características sensoriais.
Russell, Terry Jo. "Fructooligosaccharide enhances performance of the weaned pig by alteration of intestinal microflora /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1996. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9717159.
Full textGötze, Sven [Verfasser], and Hans-Joachim [Akademischer Betreuer] Jördening. "Produktion, Charakterisierung und Immobilisierung von nativ und rekombinant hergestellten Fructosyltransferasen zur Synthese neuartiger Fructooligosaccharide / Sven Götze ; Betreuer: Hans-Joachim Jördening." Braunschweig : Technische Universität Braunschweig, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1175819662/34.
Full textPivetta, Mayara Rodrigues. "Obtenção de fontes prebióticas alternativas e uso em rações de frango de corte." Botucatu, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/140145.
Full textResumo: As inulinases catalisam a hidrólise da inulina, produzindo inulo-oligossacarídeos, frutose e glicose, por isso, possuem várias aplicações industriais. A fermentação submersa é mais usada na produção industrial de inulinase, contudo a fermentação em estado sólido tem demonstrado bons resultados quanto à obtenção de enzimas a baixo custo. O yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) é um tubérculo com alta concentração de antioxidantes e frutanos e por isso tem atraído o interesse na área de alimentos. A fermentação em estado sólido utilizando o yacon como substrato possui potencial para a produção de enzimas e também para utilização na alimentação animal. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a produção de inulinases utilizando 16 espécies fúngicas filamentosas cultivadas em fermentação em estado sólido utilizando resíduos agroindustriais como substrato, bem como identificar a melhor combinação substrato/micro-organismo para utilização do preparado enzimático sólido como prebiótico em rações de frango de corte. A atividade da inulinase foi muito superior com a utilização da farinha de yacon como substrato em fermentação em estado sólido em relação ao farelo de trigo, farelo de soja e bagaço de cana-de-açúcar, independente do fungo utilizado. As inulinases provenientes da farinha de yacon demonstraram grande amplitude de pH e temperatura, independente do micro-organismo fermentante. O preparado enzimático sólido de farinha de yacon com Aspergillus niger 40018 apresentou alta atividade d... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Inulinases catalyze the inulin hydrolysis, yielding inulo-oligosaccharides, fructose and glucose, therefore, they have many industrial applications. The submerged fermentation is more used at inulinase industrial production, however the solid state fermentation (SSF) has showed good results regarding to low cost enzymes. The yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) is a tuber root with high content of antioxidants and fructans and because of this it has attracted interest of food area. The solid state fermentation using the yacon root as substrate has potential to produce enzymes and to use in animal feeding. The aim of this work was to evaluate the inulinase production of 16 filamentous fungal species growing in solid state fermentation (SSF) on agroindustrial wastes as substrate, as well as to identify the best combination substrate/microorganism of the solid enzymatic preparation (SEP) to use as prebiotic in broilers diets. The inulinase activity was higher with yacon flour than wheat bran, soybean bran and sugarcane bagasse, independently of fungus. The inulinases from yacon flour showed large pH and temperature amplitude, independently of fungus. The SEP of yacon flour and Aspergillus niger 40018 showed high lipase and antioxidant activity and high fructooligosaccharides and it was selected to further trials with broilers. There was no alteration on performance, caecum pH and lipid profile with the SEP. The SEP promoted a stronger reduction of Salmonella Enteritidis number afte... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
Donalson, Lisa Michelle. "The in vivo and in vitro effect of a fructooligosaccharide prebiotic combined with alfalfa molt diets on egg production and salmonella in laying hens." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2377.
Full textCocato, Maria Lucia. "Sobrecarga moderada de ferro em ratos: interação com frutanos e/ou fitato no metabolismo hepático e ósseo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9132/tde-10112016-153854/.
Full textExcess Fe in the organism generates potentially toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the magnitude of the effects of a moderate Fe overload and its interaction with factors which inhibit or facilitate mineral absorption is not known. The aim of the present work was to evaluate such effects and their interaction with fructans and/or phytate (compounds which facilitate and inhibit Fe absorption, respectively) on serum iron status indices, on the profile of serum lipids and on hepatic and bone metabolism parameters. In the experiment, thirty-four male Wistar rats initially weighing 49,3 ± 3,9g were used. The rats were housed in individual stainless-steel wire-mesh cages for 92 days. An AIN-93G diet (Diet 1: Control Group) and four modified AIN-93G diets were used in the study. The modified diets presented the following formulations: Diet 2: moderate Fe overload with 550mgFe/kg diet (IO Group); Diet 3: moderate Fe overload + 18% yacon flour (IO-YF Group); Diet 4: moderate Fe verload + 0.6% phytate (IO-Phy Group); Diet 5: moderate Fe overload + 18% yacon flour + 0.6% phytate (IO-YF-Phy Group). The results demonstrated that a moderate Fe overload or its interaction with yacon flour and/or phytate did not alter the serum iron status indices. An increase in the serum AST activity was observed only in the IO group (p=0,055). In the IO and IO-YF groups, there was a reduction in the serum cholesterol concentration (p=0,002) and a reduction in the serum VLDL concentration was observed only in the IO-YF-Phy group. In the liver, there was a significant increase (p=0,002) in non-heme Fe concentration in the IO (+83%) and IO-Phy (+117%) groups. Also, GPx activity was significantly increased (p=0,000) in all IO groups. CAT activity was lower (p=0,036) only in the IO-YF-Phy group. A significant increase in hemosiderin deposition around Kupffer cells was observed in all IO groups (p=0,000). Apoptosis was increased in all IO groups, whereas the IO-YF and IO-YF-Phy groups showed the largest number of apoptotic bodies/area (+405% and +342%, respectively) (p=0,000). There was no alteration in the parameters related to bone metabolism. In the IO-YF group, there was a significant increase in Ca apparent absorption (p<0,05).Conclusions: The moderate Fe overload did not alter the serum iron status índices, but led to alterations in the hepatic tissue and in the profile of serum lipids. Except for the profile of serum lipids where only phytate seemed to have a protective effect, in the other evaluated parameters the interaction with yacon flour rich in fructans and/or phytate partially or totally reversed the alterations induced by the moderate Fe overload.
Hart, Ashley Yeong. "Effects of resistant starch and soluble fiber on the bioaccessibility of dietary carotenoids from spinach and carrot using simulated in vitro digestion." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1332442523.
Full textTrabs, Kathrin. "Thermisch induzierte Veränderungen von Inulin: Strukturelle und funktionelle Konsequenzen." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-113357.
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