Academic literature on the topic 'Fruit trade'

The natural and climatic conditions in Bulgaria are a prerequisite for the cultivation of quality fruits with unique taste characteristics, but after the country's accession to the EU, there is a permanent tendency to decrease the areas on which fruit crops are grown. The consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables in developed and developing countries is far below the recommended norms, and yet production in the country cannot satisfy the needs of the population with fresh fruits and the canning industry with raw materials. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the characteristics of the fruit market in Bulgaria.

Horticulture is an important branch of agriculture with particular importance in some countries of the world. The production of fruits, berries and nuts is an important part of forming a high-grade food supply for the population in many countries, including the developing ones. Basing on the statistical data from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (UN), the authors examined the change in the production volume of these products in the world as a whole for 1961-2018, as well as for the period 1992-2018 in some countries - twenty largest producers in 2018; and a number of trends were identified. In particular, it was noted that in 2018 the global gross harvest of fruits and berries increased by 4.34 times compared to 1961, while that of nuts - by 7.04 times. A deeper analysis in the context of states, which are the main producers of fruits, berries and nuts, carried out for 1922-2018, indicates that there is a change in the positions of these countries in the corresponding world ranking. The quantitative and qualitative changes we observe inevitably have a significant impact both on the volume of the world market in terms of production, and, consequently, the supply of fruit and berry products, and on the parameters of international trade in fruits, berries and nuts. Due to the fact that the Russian Federation is not among the countries - largest producers of fruit and berry products (in 2018 it was the 31st in the global rating for fruits and berries, and the 52nd for nuts), it occupies a very significant position in the world on its imports, especially on some of them. In connection with the policy of import substitution, deployed in response to sanctions from a number of Western states, some positive changes are also observed in the Russian gardening industry. However, imports in the resources of fruits and berries still amounted to 53.6% in 2018. Naturally, many types of fruit and berry products are economically inexpedient to cultivate on an industrial scale in the natural and climatic conditions of our country, but it is necessary to carry out scientifically grounded and systematic work to increase the production of relatively traditional for Russia fruit and berry plants in the large-scale commodity sector.

This study used aggregated data for fresh vegetables and fresh fruits to analyze how trade flows in the fresh produce industry have changed under trade agreements and to assess the potential implications to nutrition policies in the United States. The first part of the analysis uses a Bai-Perron test to endogenously determine any structural break points in vegetable and fruit trade movements and prices. Directed acyclic graphs and historical decompositions are used to establish causal patterns on innovations from vector autoregression models fitted to annual observations of trade flows, prices, and income. The results showed that trade agreements have had significant impacts to the produce industry. Income was a major determinant of domestic fruit production and imports.

Topicality. Ukraine is among the twenty leading countries in terms of the gross production of vegetable products, but even in the pre-war years, the production of fruit and vegetable products was characterized by a decrease in the competitiveness of Ukrainian commodity producers on the foreign market. Disproportions in costs, processing and sales of manufactured products led to an increase in the import of vegetable products and a negative trade balance in foreign trade operations. Problems in the production and foreign trade of vegetable and fruit growing products were aggravated by the war, since the beginning of the invasion, Ukrainian producers lost a significant amount of agricultural land, and the traditional ways of transporting goods were blocked. Meanwhile, the export of agricultural products was and remains an important source of foreign exchange for the country, and the volume of the vegetable segment can even exceed the grain segment. In the conditions when the war has reduced the opportunities for Ukraine to supply goods to foreign markets, has caused the need to review the geographical structure of supply, the Ukrainian agricultural market faces the task of increasing export supplies of vegetables, fruits, as well as their processing products. The growing demand for these products in the EU creates additional opportunities for Ukrainian manufacturers. That is why there is a need to investigate the impact of DFTA+ on the development of foreign trade in fruit and vegetable products and to identify problems that prevent the growth of exports of vegetables and fruits to the EU.Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to analyze the state and dynamics of Ukraine's foreign trade in fruit and vegetable products with the EU in the conditions of a full-scale invasion and the effect of DFTA+ conditions, as well as to identify problems and prospects for increasing the export of these products to the EU market. Achieving the goal involves an analysis of the dynamics and structure of trade in vegetables and fruits with EU countries, a study of the impact of the DFTA+ on export and import, identification of problems that hinder the export of vegetables and fruits to the EU, a generalization of promising directions for increasing the export of fruit and vegetable products to the EU market..Materials and Methods. Previous scientific-theoretical and practical publications on the problems of foreign trade between Ukraine and the EU in agricultural products served as the methodological basis of the study. The informational and statistical base of the study is the data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine and the Customs Service of Ukraine. The study of trends in foreign trade in fruit and vegetable products of Ukraine and the EU was carried out using the methods of structural analysis, synthesis and generalization, and statistical analysis. A graphical method was used to visualize the results.Research results. As a result of the study, the dynamics of export and import of vegetables and fruits of Ukraine from the EU for 2017-2023 were analyzed. The general trend towards an increase in trade turnover with the EU and the share of the EU in Ukraine's foreign trade in fruit and vegetable products was revealed. An increase in the volume of fruit exports to EU countries has been demonstrated, which indicates the increase in the competitiveness of Ukrainian producers and the facilitation of access to the European market due to the strengthening of economic cooperation. It was noted that the export of vegetables decreased, while the import increased, which caused a negative balance. The commodity and geographical structure of foreign trade in fruit and vegetable products between Ukraine and the EU is analyzed. The features of 2022-2023 against the background of war and trade preferences from the EU are shown. The logistical problems that, in the conditions of a full-scale invasion, have a significant impact on the possibility of increasing foreign trade in fruit and vegetable products from the EU are summarized.Conclusion. A conclusion was made about the generally positive impact of the DFTA+ on the development of trade in vegetables and fruits with the EU, which is evidenced by the increase in the total turnover of vegetables and fruits. Fruit exports from Ukraine to the EU grew rapidly, especially in 2020-2021. The export of vegetables from Ukraine was marked by growth from 2017 to 2018, however, in the following years the balance has a negative value, which indicates problems with the certification of Ukrainian vegetables in the period until 2022 and the need for national producers to satisfy the existing domestic demand during the war. It was revealed that Poland and the Netherlands became the largest partners in terms of vegetable turnover among the EU countries, while Greece and Poland became the largest partners in terms of fruit turnover. In general, among the main logistical problems of the supply of fruit and vegetable products for export during the war, the lack of well-established diversified export channels is noted; lack of sufficient volumes of working capital for sowing campaigns; availability of product storage restrictions; an increase in tariffs for the transportation of goods by both road and rail transport; security risks due to the replacement of liberated territories and the proximity of hostilities.

The purpose of the article is to study the main indicators of Ukraine's foreign trade in fruits and berries, compare them with similar data from other countries for a comprehensive assessment the effectiveness in export-import operations, identify disadvantages and prospects for national industry. Research methods. Methods used: theoretical generalization - for characterizing the main aspects of Ukraine's foreign trade in agri-food products, analysis and synthesis - for detailing the commodity structure of domestic fruits and berries’ exports and imports, formation a comprehensive assessment of our country as a player in the world fruit market, comparative evaluation - for determining the resource potential of fruit growing industry in the studied countries, providing a world ranking of exporters and importers of fruit and berry products, graphical and tabular - for visualizing the most important statistical indicators. Research results. The characteristics of consumption indicators in key countries of each geographical region are provided, the differentiation of expenditures for organic products, depending on the purchasing power of buyers, is analyzed, a comparison of generalized indicators in the world consumption with the corresponding data for Ukraine is made. The dynamics of the global fruit and berry products’ exports value in recent years is considered, the list of the largest exporting and importing countries of fruits is shown, including countries with the maximum positive and negative balance, statistically determined Ukraine's position in the relevant rankings, available production and resource capacities the horticultural industry of individual countries with Ukraine in the context of the efficiency of fruit and berry exports are compared, our competitiveness in terms of products’ volumes and prices is analyzed. Scientific novelty. The commodity structure of fruits and berries exports in some countries is considered in the context of their comparison with Ukraine and the main indicators of lag are identified, weaknesses in our positioning in the global market, which obstruct the realization of existing potential, are determined. Practical significance. The provisions of the article are aimed at bringing the information about current problems of production and export of fruit and berries to the experts and practitioners of industry, which prevent optimizing their promotion in foreign markets and improving position of Ukraine, and can be used in further activities of specialized enterprises.

Abstract The main goal of the research is to consider and compare the importance of fruits and vegetables in external trade in goods of the Republic of Serbia. According to the Standard International Trade Classification (SITC), “Vegetables and Fruit” is a division that is dominant in Serbian exports of agricultural and food products, and it is necessary to investigate its competitiveness. The key tools used in the analysis are the coverage of imports by exports, then the Contribution to the Trade Balance (CTB) index, as well as the analysis of unit values of exports and imports, in order to compare and evaluate the structure of external trade in fruits and vegetables. The results show that fruit, according to all indicators, has a significantly higher competitiveness compared to vegetables, as well as a higher importance in external trade of goods. This knowledge can serve the creators of agricultural policy to favour the production and exports of fruit products because they can radically improve the structure of total exports, especially when it comes to processed products. Since this is a perennial plantation, the results cannot be expected in a shorter period of time. The previous research has not specifically considered the importance of this segment of agri-food exports and its internal competitiveness (having in mind the applied indicators), which is the main benefit of the study within this paper.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess European consumer preference and willingness to pay (WTP) for tropical dried fruits from Africa. The paper specifically investigates sensory and credence characteristics driving consumer preferences. Design/methodology/approach – Data on sensory descriptive analysis and hedonic evaluation for seven samples representing three fruit types: mango, pineapple and banana, were collected together with data on Country of Origin (COO) preferences and WTP for conventional, organic and fair-trade labelled dried fruits, among Norwegian consumers (n=96). Findings – The results show that consumer preferences for a dried fruit are affected significantly by its typical aroma intensity and consumers are willing to pay a premium for both organic and fair-trade products. Two consumer groups expressing distinct COO preferences for tropical dried fruits and a third group with no country preferences are revealed. Originality/value – This study provides useful insights for dried fruit producers and market strategists in tropical countries attempting to position value-added products for maximum revenue.

Fruit and vegetable products, integral to human nutrition, play a vital role in dietary patterns. Moreover, the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) region, a critical market for Chinese fruit and vegetable exports, has observed the growing presence of these Chinese produce groups. The ratification of the RCEP bolsters the liberalization of fruit and vegetable commerce in the region, consequently fostering opportunities for its development. Nonetheless, existing studies have insufficiently addressed fruit and vegetable commerce in the region and its consequent effect on trade expansion. In this context, it is crucial to analyze the trade pattern associated with the swift export growth of fruit and vegetables. This study employs binary marginal analysis and the stochastic frontier gravity model. This study’s findings reveal that, with respect to the growth effect, the expansion of China’s fruit and vegetable exports to RCEP countries in recent years primarily stems from the contribution of the extensive margin. Considering the factors influencing trade, metrics like free trade agreements (FTAs), the extent of trade liberalization, political expenditure levels, government transparency, and liner transport connectivity significantly impact China’s fruit and vegetable exports. Regarding trade efficiency, the current efficiency value of China’s fruit and vegetable exports to RCEP countries is relatively low, characterized by substantial country-specific variations and immense future trade potential. The insights gleaned from this research can offer decision-making support for the collaboration on fruit and vegetable trade between China and the RCEP region.

Grading fruits and vegetables has become essential for cross-border trade. There are various methods and technologies used for grading fruits and vegetables. In India, fruit growers mainly rely on manual grading, which is costly, labour-intensive, and affected by seasonal labour shortages. Manual grading is inefficient, inconsistent, and time-consuming. Grading of fruits and vegetables in ensuring the quality of produce and meeting consumer demands. The World Trade Organization (WTO) emphasizes high-quality graded products, prompting farmers to seek agricultural produce-grading machines for labour alleviation, time savings, and improved quality. Fruit grading enhances value, packaging, handling, and overall marketing. Typically, fruits are graded based on size, making them more desirable for export. Size-based grading methods include various types of graders. Weight grading is based on density and specific gravity. Market responsiveness necessitates improved grading and sorting practices to ensure quality assessment. Size variations in vegetables like potatoes and onions serve as the basis for categorization according to each country's market requirements.

Considering that the Republic of Serbia has a surplus in the foreign trade of fruits, the problem of this research refers to the perception of the importance of the foreign trade of fruit of the Republic of Serbia. The subject of the research includes the analysis of previous and future trends in the value of exports and imports of fruits, as one of the most important agro-industrial products. The aim of the research is to determine future trends, as well as to forecast future values of fruit imports and exports using econometric methodology in the field of analysis of variations of time series, i.e. statistical methods of linear trend. The contribution of this research study is multiple, in scientific terms it enriches the existing scientific literature, given that research studies that have addressed this issue are very rare, while in practical terms it provides guidance to producers and exporters of fruits and agricultural policy makers, especially in terms of encouraging fruit exports from the Republic of Serbia in the coming period.