Academic literature on the topic 'Fruit transportation'

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Journal articles on the topic "Fruit transportation"

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Zheng, Dandan, Jiahui Chen, Menghua Lin, Da Wang, Qiong Lin, Jingping Cao, Xiangzheng Yang, et al. "Packaging Design to Protect Hongmeiren Orange Fruit from Mechanical Damage during Simulated and Road Transportation." Horticulturae 8, no. 3 (March 17, 2022): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8030258.

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Hongmeiren is a high-quality orange fruit but susceptible to mechanical damage. This work proposes a new packaging format (Packaging C), which used the plastic partition boards to separate the folding plastic basket to avoid the fruits from crushing each other, and used a PU foam layer and placed it along the inside of the EPE foam layer to meet the different sizes of fruits. The results show that under both 3 and 10 h of simulated transportation, Packaging C achieved a much lower damage and decay rates than Packaging A (plastic bulk containers), and this was further verified by the road transportation. Besides, Packaging C could avoid dents in the peel of some large fruits compared to the gift packaging (Packaging B). Although the use of inner packaging could increase the use of packaging, it can reduce the waste of cultivation and transportation resources caused by not being able to deliver the fruit to the consumer, as well as environmental pollution caused by fruit decay. Moreover, low temperature (10 °C) and high humidity (90% RH) during transportation could further reduce the damage and packages at the rear position obtained a higher damage rate than at the front position, but no obvious difference was found between stack heights.
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Azam, Mostafa M., AbdelGawad Saad, and Baher M. A. Amer. "Assessment of the Quality Losses of Cantaloupe Fruit during Transportation." Processes 10, no. 6 (June 14, 2022): 1187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10061187.

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Fruit quality is a crucial factor in affecting shelf-life and purchase choice for customers. Protecting the quality of cantaloupe fruits in the chain from harvest to marketing is a very important process. The objective of this study was to investigate the dynamic characteristics of cantaloupe fruit during excitation, to investigate the effect of vibration strength on the mechanical characteristics of cantaloupe fruit, and to show the effects of this strength on the mechanical damage of cantaloupe. Experiments were performed to measure the dynamic behavior of cantaloupe fruit during transportation and to evaluate the dynamic behavior of the packaging and the damage to the cantaloupes due to transient vibration during transportation. The results show that using the paper pulp tray packing method reduces cantaloupe damage and improves their quality during harvest and post-harvest processes. The range of resonance frequencies is important for the transporting of cantaloupes; a higher starting resonance is an indication of a stiffer cantaloupe bottom, and the paper pulp tray shifts the resonance frequency when compared to volume packing methods. Another interesting observation in this study is that a fruit with a high internal damping capacity is not as injured by exciting vibrations as a fruit with a low damping capacity, even if its natural frequency falls within the range of excitation.
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Chen, Hong, Greg McCollum, Elizabeth Baldwin, and Jinhe Bai. "Impacts of Huanglongbing Symptom Severity on Fruit Detachment Force and Mechanical Properties of Sweet Oranges (Citrus sinensis)." HortScience 51, no. 4 (April 2016): 356–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.51.4.356.

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This study evaluated the effects of huanglongbing (HLB) symptom severity on fruit detachment force (FDF) and fruit mechanical properties in sweet oranges (Citrus sinensis) as indicators of potential HLB-influenced preharvest fruit drop and postharvest damage and breakdown. FDF for fruit from HLB-asymptomatic trees (AS) was substantially greater than for fruits from HLB-symptomatic trees or branches. Fruit hardness, resilience, springiness, and cohesiveness values, measured by texture profile analysis (TPA), represent various aspects of fruit firmness and recovery capacity once compressed, and were lower in HLB-symptomatic fruits in comparison with AS fruits. On the other hand, puncture force, toughness, and deformation values, measured by a puncture test and representing peel toughness, were higher in HLB-symptomatic fruits than in the AS fruits. The results indicate that fruits from severely HLB-symptomatic sweet orange trees are more likely to have problems with preharvest fruit drop, and postharvest pressure damage and breakdown, but may have less puncture damage in harvesting, transportation, packing, and juice processing.
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Jiao, Xiaolong, Wen Xu, and Lintong Duan. "Study on Cold Chain Transportation Model of Fruit and Vegetable Fresh-Keeping in Low-Temperature Cold Storage Environment." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2021 (December 18, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8445028.

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Due to the limitation of later stage intelligent algorithms, the fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping cold chain transportation scheme did not meet the expectation and could not achieve the dual objectives of the shortest time and the lowest consumption at the same time. In order to solve the above problems, a cold chain transportation model of fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping in a low-temperature cold storage environment is proposed. The model is based on the topology of the cold chain transportation network. By setting the assumptions of the fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping cold chain transportation model, the objective model is composed of three parts: vehicle power fuel consumption cost, cold chain transportation refrigeration cost, and total fruit and vegetable loss cost. Under six constraints, the improved ant colony algorithm is used to find the optimal fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping cold chain transportation route. The experimental results show that compared with the methods based on ALNS, genetic algorithm, and quantum bacterial foraging optimization algorithm, the research method can bring the best comprehensive benefit by accomplishing the fruit and vegetable transportation task in the shortest time at the lowest cost, and the research goal is thus achieved.
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Subedi, Sujan, Giri Dhari Subedi, Dipendra Ghimire, Ishwori Prasad Gautam, Suvechchha Khanal, Purushottam Khatiwoda, and Sanjeeb Thapa. "Effect of Wrapping Materials and Maturity Stages on Postharvest Loss Reduction of Papaya." Journal of Nepal Agricultural Research Council 8 (May 9, 2022): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnarc.v8i.44811.

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Papaya fruits are vulnerable to high postharvest losses if harvesting and handling techniques are inappropriate. Therefore, an experiment was conducted in two consecutive years, 2019 and 2020, to assess the effects of wrapping materials and maturity stages on postharvest loss reduction of papaya stored at ambient condition. A factorial combination of four wrapping materials (brown paper, white paper, fiber bag, and control) and three maturity stages (MS2; few yellow streaks from base to stalk end of fruits, MS3; 1/2 ripe, and MS4; 3/4 ripe), using a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications was used to carry out this experiment. The papaya fruits were evaluated for transportation weight loss, bruised fruit percent, physiological weight loss, decay percent, total soluble solids, firmness, and shelf life. The result revealed that wrapping materials significantly affected on the transportation weight loss, percent bruised fruit, decay percent, and shelf life. The stage of maturity had a significant effect on TSS and firmness of the fruit. However, the interaction of wrapping materials and maturity stages had a non-significant effect on all the parameters. Out of the four wrapping materials, brown paper wrapped fruits had the lowest bruised fruit (4.1%), the lowest decay (10.8%), and the highest shelf life (11.8 days), while MS2 showed the minimum bruised fruit (15.1%), decay (21.2%), and shelf life (12.8 days). Fruit harvested at MS2 wrapped with brown paper can reduce postharvest loss and improve shelf life of papaya.
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Amanto, Bambang Sigit. "Pengaruh Kemasan dan Susunan terhadap Sifat Fisik Buah Mangga Golek selama Transportasi." Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 19, no. 1 (April 19, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/carakatani.v19i1.20444.

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<p>Packaging has been designed for degrade of vibration and presser that to create broken and injury during transportation. The broken and injury fruit impact respiration process and to be continued. Mango fruit that injury impact respiration process. The aims of research was to study of physic characteristic of mango fruit “golek’’ to kind of packaging and setting in the packaging during transportation. The result of research was (1) There isn’t really impact to very really impact at the treatment of the fruit sstting to change colour, hardness and removal weight in packaging during transportation, (2) There isn’t really impact to very really impact at the treatment of kind of packaging to change colour and removal weight during transportation, (3) Packaging that been made from bamboo (basket) giving a the best of value was compared the others packaging to hardness of mango fruit during transportation.</p>
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KOBAYASHI, Kozue. "Fruit Transportation : Development of Cargo friendly Trucks." Journal of the Society of Mechanical Engineers 114, no. 1108 (2011): 174–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemag.114.1108_174.

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Zhou, Xiao Rong. "Mechanism Study on the Grading of the 5BF-3 Fruits Grading Machine." Advanced Materials Research 490-495 (March 2012): 233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.490-495.233.

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The physical experiment study of affecting factors for fruits grading rate is presented by means of the 5BF-3 fruits grading machine and is applying the design of four factors quadratic regression general rotary to grade the spheroid fruit citrus. By using virtual simulation and dynamic to dynamically analyze the test results, ascertain the grading rate influence mechanism of the grading transportation chain speed at the stage of artificially chosen, fruits conveyer belt speed, the fruit graded wooden roller speed and the friction coefficient of the 5BF-3 fruits grading machine are verified.
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Krisdiarto, Andreas Wahyu, and Lilik Sutiarso. "PENGARUH TINGKAT KERUSAKAN JALAN PERKEBUNAN DAN POSISI TANDAN BUAH SEGAR DI BAK TRUK TERHADAP KINERJA ANGKUTAN KELAPA SAWIT (Effect of Estate Road Damage and Fresh Fruit Bunch Position in Truck Bin on Oil Palm Transportation Performance)." Jurnal Agritech 36, no. 02 (October 11, 2016): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/agritech.12867.

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Oil Palm fresh fruit bunch (FFB) transportation is a vital step in post harvest process. Transportation condition mayaffects the quantity and quality of FFB as a palm oil factory raw material. Due to many estate roads are not at idealcondition, this research was addressed to explore the relationship between road damage level and position of FFBin truck bin to transportation performance. Transportation performance indicator were leftover fruit, level of releasedfruitlets, fruits bruise index, and free fatty acid (FFA) content. The research divided into two stage. The first wason transportation performance in collection road. The second was FFB transportation from fruit collection point tofactory, which was treated on good, moderate, and bad road. Observation was done to the FFB at bottom, middleand upper layer of truck bin. The transportation performace indicators were analized by Anova, and continued byTukey method analysis if there were differentces among treatments. Result showed that level of road damage wassignificantly affect transportation performace indicator i.e level of leftover fruits, but it was not significantly affectlevel of released fruitlets, fruits bruise index, and FFA content. Meanwhile, FFB position in truck bin influenced levelof fruitlets releasing, and significantly influenced fruits bruise index.Keywords: Palm oil transportation, leftover fruits, released fruitlets, bruise index, oil Pal FFB ABSTRAKPengangkutan tandan buah segar (TBS) kelapa sawit merupakan satu tahap penting dalam proses pascapanen. Kondisipengangkutan menentukan kuantitas dan kualitas TBS sebagai bahan baku pabrik kelapa sawit. Mengingat masihbanyak jalan perkebunan yang belum ideal, penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari hubungan tingkat kerusakan jalan danpenempatan TBS di bak truk terhadap kinerja pengangkutan. Indikator kinerja pengangkutan yang digunakan adalahbuah restan (tertinggal di kebun), kadar asam lemak bebas (ALB), tingkat pelepasan buah (membrondol), dan tingkatmemar (indeks memar). Penelitian dibagi menjadi dua tahap, yaitu: 1) kinerja pengangkutan dari piringan pohon ketempat pengumpulan hasil (TPH). 2) kinerja pengangkutan dari TPH ke pabrik. Perlakuan dalam penelitian tahap duaadalah kualitas jalan pengumpulan, yaitu jalan baik, sedang, dan buruk, dan posisi TBS di bak truk, yaitu di lapisandasar, tengah, dan atas. Hubungan panjang jalan rusak dengan tingkat restan buah dianalisis dengan analisis regresi,sedang indikator kinerja pengangkutan dianalisis dengan analisis varians (Anova), dan kemudian dilanjutkan dengananalisis satu arah pembedaan antar perlakuan dengan metode Tukey. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi atautingkat kerusakan jalan memberikan pengaruh terhadap indikator kinerja pengangkutan tingkat buah restan, namuntidak secara nyata berpengaruh terhadap tingkat pelepasan buah sawit dari tandan (pembrondolan), tingkat kerusakanbuah (indeks memar) dan kadar ALB pada saat pengangkutan menggunakan truk bak kayu. Sedang posisi TBS didalam bak truk berpengaruh cukup nyata terhadap tingkat pelepasan buah dari tandan, dan berpengaruh nyata terhadapindeks memar buah selama pengangkutan.Kata kunci: Pengangkutan, restan, pembrondolan, indeks memar, TBS kelapa sawit
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Picha, David H., and Roger A. Hinson. "TRANSPORTATION ROUTES FOR LATIN AMERICAN PRODUCE IMPORTS INTO THE UNITED STATES." HortScience 27, no. 6 (June 1992): 609a—609. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.609a.

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The origin and distribution of counter-seasonal fresh fruit and vegetable imports from Latin America into the U.S. was evaluated. Infrastructure comparisons were made among various U.S. ports of entry capable of receiving perishables. Economic comparisons were made utilizing different transportation routes. Market boundary analyses indicated significant cost savings would result from changing existing transportation routes to certain final U.S. destinations. Currently the port of Philadelphia receives the majority of South American fruit which is mostly shipped break bulk or palletized. South Florida ports (Miami and Port Everglades) receive the majority of Central American and Caribbean fruits and vegetables which are mostly shipped containerized. Interest exists among Latin American exporters to diversify their U.S. ports of entry in order to avoid distribution bottlenecks. Future trade routes will likely see an increased utilization of more economical U.S. Gulf of Mexico ports.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fruit transportation"

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Foreman, James Sterling. "Reducing transportation costs and inventory shrinkage in the Washington State tree fruit industry." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/53050.

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Thesis (M. Eng. in Logistics)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2009.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 91-95).
Perishability and stock-outs are two sources of inventory inefficiency in the Washington State tree fruit industry. This thesis measures the size of these inefficiencies in terms of dollars per box, and describes five solutions, four qualitative and one quantitative, that seek to address them. To establish the magnitude of the inefficiencies, I regress various fruit characteristics on a set of sales data, thereby ascertaining the relationship between a fruit's price and its age. I find that the industry loses 5% to 12% of potential revenue due to perishability and propose four qualitative policies designed to reduce these losses. Next, I develop an operational management tool in the form of a mixed-integer optimization model which can be used to make optimal sourcing decisions during stock-out events. I find that the potential savings from improved sourcing decisions are between $0.01 and 0.02 per box. These results confirm that the costs and foregone revenue associated with inventory management are significant and merit the tree fruit industry's attention.
by Jame Sterling Foreman.
M.Eng.in Logistics
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Kruger, Karen Lisa. "The challenges of the fruit supply chain following the deregulation of the South African fruit industry in 1997." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51944.

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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The implementation of the Marketing of Agricultural Products Act of 1996 resulted in the deregulation of the South African fruit industry in October 1997. This led to independent decision-making regarding the marketing of export products by a host of deciduous fruit producers and exporters. No longer were the producers controlled by a monopoly. The deregulation challenged the inflexible single-channel fruit pooling marketing structure of the past and exposed domestic producers and exporters to the competitive global fruit market. By implication this translated into a need to become globally competitive in the interest of growing market share. The focus of this new marketing system is to give the producer the opportunity to export high quality fruit and earn an associated premium for his products, and to strengthen his brand and reputation through these efforts. The deregulation also provided the opportunity for independent fruit growers to influence the optimisation of the value chain, in the interest of lower costs and improved customer service. The market has since changed from supply (stock "push") to demand driven (stock "pull"). It is now imperative that the various producers and exporters provide an efficient supply chain in order to satisfy the end user demands. A consequence of this would be the increase in deciduous fruit quality as a determinant of decidU<;ms fruit demand. Market research was conducted to determine the impact that deregulation has had on South Africa's deciduous fruit industry and to establish the degree to which Portnet should transform to accommodate this changing and deregulated environment. In summary, deregulation has created many opportunities for South African fruit producers and exporters in the domestic and international markets. The only impediment is whether the new logistical structures will be able to reduce costs and improve profit margins, particularly now that economies of scale have been dissipated. Customer service may improve, but at what cost?
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die implementering van die Bemarkingswet van Landbouprodukte in 1996 het gelei tot die deregulering van die Suid-Afrikaanse vrugtebedryf in Oktober 1997. Die gevolg hiervan was die onafhanklike besluitneming ten opsigte van die bemarking van uitvoerprodukte deur 'n groep sagtevrugteprodusente en -uitvoerders. Die produsente is nie langer deur 'n monopolie beheer nie. Die deregulering het die onbuigbare een-kanaal vrugtebemarkingstruktuur van die verlede opsy geskuif en binnelandse produsente en uitvoerders die geleentheid gebied om deel te word van die kompeterende intemasionale vrugtemark. Dit het by implikasie aanleiding gegee tot 'n behoefte om intemasionaal mededingend te wees in die belang van 'n groeiende markaandeel. Die fokus van hierdie nuwe bemarkingstelsel is om die produsent die geleentheid te gee om hoe kwaliteit vrugte uit te voer en die meegaande hoe premie vir sy produkte te verdien, asook om sy handelsmerk en reputasie sodoende te vestig. Die deregulasie het ook die onafhanklike vrugteprodusente die geleentheid gegee om seggenskap in die optimisering van die waardeketting te kry wat tot laer koste en verbeterde klientediens gelei het. Sedertdien het die mark verander vanaf 'n aanbodmark na 'n vraaggedrewe mark. Dit is nou uiters belangrik dat die verskillende produsente en uitvoerders 'n effektiewe voorsieningsnetwerk skep om in die eindverbruikers se behoeftes te voorsien. Die gevolg sou 'n toename in die gehalte van sagtevrugte wees, wat weer belangrike determinant van die sagtevrugte vraag is. Marknavorsing is gedoen om die impak van die deregulasie op die Suid-Afrikaanse sagtevrugtebedryfvas te stel. Wat ook vasgestel moes word, was die mate waartoe Portnet moet transformeer om in die veranderde en gedereguleerde omgewing te funksioneer. Om op te som, deregulering het verskeie geleenthede vir Suid-Afrika se vrugteprodusente en uitvoerders in die binnelandse en intemasionale markte geskep. Die enigste vraag is of die nuwe logistieke strukture wel koste sal verminder en winsmarges sal verhoog, veral noudat skaalvoordele nie meer van toepassing is nie. Klientediens sal verbeter, maar teen watter koste?
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Hordijk, Jeanine. "Studies to reduce the incidence of chilling injury in navel orange fruit." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80254.

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Thesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Citrus fruit exported from South Africa to markets such as the USA and China undergo a mandatory 24 day exposure of -0.6°C during shipment to kill any insect larvae in the fruit, however, this protocol causes chilling injury (CI). The aim of this study was firstly to determine the influence of various preharvest factors on chilling sensitivity. In addition, Near-Infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was tested as a potential management tool to identify variation in CI susceptibility of fruit and lastly the efficacy of thiabendazole (TBZ) applied in the packline to reduce CI was determined. Various factors influence the susceptibility of a navel orange fruit to CI including cultivar, micro-climate, harvest date, fruit size and rind colour. In this study it was found that ‘Washington’ was more susceptible to CI compared to ‘Navelina’ navel orange. Fruit from the coldest part of Citrusdal (Tharakama) had the highest incidence of CI, which concurred with literature. The incidence of CI was overall less when fruit were harvested in the middle of the commercial harvest window; however, the internal maturity at harvest does not appear to be related to the sensitivity of orange fruit to CI. Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was tested as a potential tool to predict fruit quality parameters in relation to CI. Analysing the NIR data with principal components analysis (PCA), score plots were obtained that separate fruit in clusters from the inside and outside of the canopy positions as well as different sizes and rind colours (green vs. orange). However, analysing data with partial least square regression (PLS) using fruit quality parameters (firmness, rind colour and mass), the NIR spectra obtained with the integrated sphere did not provide a good prediction model for CI index. Thiabendazole (TBZ) is reported to reduce the incidence of CI of citrus fruit and this fungicide was applied in a semi-commercial packline in the wax as well as the drench. The results of the application of different fungicides from the TBZ chemical group indicated that the TBZ dip treatments had the highest efficacy in reducing both the incidence and severity of CI and in addition were more effective when applied in warm (40°C) than cold water (10°C). Applications at the commercial recommended rate (20mL.L-1 and half of the commercial recommended rate were both effective in reducing the incidence of CI. Wax application was effective in reducing the incidence of CI however, the application of TBZ in the wax reduced the incidence of CI even more. For the successful reduction of CI incidence in commercial shipments of citrus fruit the focus should not be on a single factor but rather a strategy that encompasses pre-harvest factors that would influence rind quality as well as specific postharvest technologies know to decrease the impact of CI.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Sitrus vrugte ondergaan 'n verpligte 24 dae blootstelling aan -0,6°C om moontlike insek-larwes te dood gedurende die uitvoer na markte soos die VSA en China, maar hierdie protokol veroorsaak koueskade. Die doel van hierdie studie was eerstens om die invloed van verskillende voor-oes faktore op koueskade-sensitiwiteit van nawel lemoene te bepaal. Daarbenewens is naby-infrarooi (NIR) spektroskopie as 'n potensiële tegniek getoets om variasie in koueskade-sensitiwiteit van nawel lemoene te identifiseer, en laastens is die effektiwiteit van thiabendazole (TBZ) toediening in die verpakkings lyn, om koueskade te verminder, ondersoek. Verskillende faktore soos kultivar, mikroklimaat, oesdatum, vruggrootte en skilkleur beïnvloed die koueskade-sensitiwiteit van sitrus. Hierdie studie het bevind dat die ‘Washington’ meer sensitief is vir koueskade as die ‘Navelina’ nawels. Vrugte afkomstig uit die koudste deel van Citrusdal (Tharakama) het die hoogste voorkoms van koueskade. In die algemeen was vrugte ge-oes in die middel van die kommersiële-venster die minste koueskade-sensitief, maar interne rypheid hou nie verband met koueskadesensitiwiteit nie. Naby-Infrarooi (NIR) spektroskopie is getoets as 'n potensiële instrument om vrugkwaliteit parameters te voorspel met betrekking tot koueskade. Deur ontleding van die NIR data met behulp van ‘Principal Components Analysis’ kon vrugte groepeer word volgens posisie (binne vs. buite blaredak), groottes en skilkleur. Deur ‘Partial Least Square Regression’ verdere data ontleding en met inagneming van vrugkwaliteit parameters (fermheid, skil kleur en massa), kon die NIR spektra wat verkry was egter nie 'n goeie voorspelling model vir koueskade verskaf nie. TBZ verminder die voorkoms van koueskade van sitrusvrugte na dit toegedien was in 'n semi-kommersiële verpakkingslyn in die waks, ‘drench’ of baddens. Die toediening van verskillende swamdoders van die TBZ chemiese groep in baddens, het aangedui dat die TBZ doop behandeling effektief was om die voorkoms van koueskade te verminder. Daarbenewens was TBZ meer effektief in verlaging van koueskade as dit toegedien word in warm (40°C) as koue (10°C) water, asook teen die volle (20mL.L-1) en die helfte van die aanbevole kommersiële dosis. Wakstoediening was effektief in die vermindering van die voorkoms van koueskade en byvoeging van TBZ in die waks het die effektiwiteit verhoog. Die suksesvolle vermindering van koueskade tydens kommersiële verskeping van sitrusvrugte moet egter nie fokus op 'n enkele faktor nie, maar op 'n strategie wat bestaan uit voor-oes faktore wat die vrugskil kwaliteit beïnvloed, sowel as spesifieke na-oes tegnologieë en hanteringsprotokolle wat bekend is vir die vermindering van koueskade.
Citrus Research International
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Haasbroek, Laura Marchand. "An analysis of temperature breaks in the summer fruit export cold chain from pack house to vessel." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85676.

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Thesis (MComm)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: There is great concern in the fruit industry that too much fruit and money is lost each year due to breaks occurring in the export cold chain of fresh fruit. Therefore, the CSIR (Council for Scientific and Industrial Research) and Stellenbosch University were approached to do research on this problem. This particular study focuses on the cold chains of table grapes, summer pears and plums as these fruit are especially sensitive to temperature. Observations were made on fruit farms, in pack houses, in cold stores as well as in the Port of Cape Town. From these observations it was clear that protocols are not always followed and fruit quality is sometimes neglected because of pressure to speed up the exporting process. In order to analyse the export cold chains of these fruit types, temperature trials were conducted and temperature data received from exporting companies was analysed. The data was analysed from the cold store up to the point where the vessel sailed out of the Port of Cape Town. From the analysis it became clear that too many cold chain breaks occur during fruit exports from South Africa, especially during the loading of containers at cold stores. As a final output to the study, a good cold chain practice guide for the export of table grapes was developed with the aim of assisting the fruit industry in minimizing these cold chain breaks. The guide was developed with simplicity to ensure easy understanding under all role-players in the industry. This study was a small step in the right direction, but it should be highlighted that the complexity of the problems in the fruit cold chains are substantial and further research will have to be done in order to eliminate the occurrence of these cold chain breaks.
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Stander, Christo. "The handling of fruit reefer containers in the Cape Town container terminal." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95874.

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Thesis (MCom)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The South African fresh fruit export industry is concerned about fruit and financial losses due to temperature breaks within the fresh fruit export cold chain. The Port of Cape Town plays a crucial role in the export process as the majority of fruit reefer containers that are exported through Cape Town are handled by the Cape Town Container Terminal. This study focuses on the container terminal leg of the fresh fruit export process. Observations made in the Cape Town Container Terminal, at shipping lines and exporting companies show that certain procedures are not always followed in the Cape Town Container Terminal and that congestion and ineffective working methods are causing breaks within the fresh fruit export cold chain. Temperature and time data received from Transnet Port Terminals, shipping lines and exporting companies were analysed for the container terminal segment of the export process. From the data analysis it is clear that there are a large number of breaks originating within the container terminal and that the port is not operating efficiently. The study identifies areas of improvement and makes recommendations on improving some of the issues discussed.
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Yokoyama, Luciane Yumi Rosa. "Qualidade do figo 'Roxo de Valinhos' apos o transporte." [s.n.], 2004. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/256996.

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Orientador: Antonio Carlos de Oliveira Ferraz
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola
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Resumo: Figos são suscetíveis a danos, pois oferece pouca resistência à solicitações mecânicas. Por isso, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos do transporte na qualidade do figo 'Roxo de Valinhos' e investigar parâmetros extraídos da curva força e deformação, para se obter um índice de firmeza de menor variabilidade para o figo.Figos foram acondicionados em bandejas de papelão (tradicional), em bandejas plásticas com divisões individuais, e plásticas com divisões individuais, forradas com algodão em cada divisão e também depositadas sob uma camada de algodão. As bandejas foram colocadas em engradados de madeira para permitir empilhamento. As embalagens foram dispostas nas posições dianteira e traseira da carroceria do caminhão, e nas posições inferior e superior da pilha. Os engradados, contendo as bandejas plásticas forradas com algodão, foram colocadas no centro da carroceria e na parte inferior do empilhamento.O percurso se iniciou numa propriedade em Valinhos, seguindo até a CEAGESP - São Paulo/SP. Na CEAGESP, as embalagens foram descarregadas e pesadas, e logo à seguir foram conduzidas ao laboratório da FEAGRI-UNICAMP - Campinas/SP. Após armazenamento mediu-se a perda de massa, aparência, firmeza, sólidos solúveis/acidez titulável e avaliou-se o extravazamento do conteúdo celular durante o armazenamento em condições ambientais. Observou-se que os figos, independente do tipo de embalagem, apresentaram excessiva perda de massa 24h após o transporte. Para a aparência, os figos transportados em bandejas de papelão apresentaram marcas de contato entre frutas e marcas de superfície, e os das bandejas plásticas apresentaram manchas de umidade na casca proveniente da transpiração do fruto, e abrasões causadas pelo contato com as paredes das divisões. A variabilidade dos valores de força e energia específica a 10% de deformação apresentaram pequena diferença entre si, devido a semelhança de comportamento foi adotada o valor de energia de deformação como índice de firmeza. Não houve diferenças de perda de massa, aparência, firmeza, sólidos solúveis, e de extravazemento do conteúdo celular entre posições no caminhão.
Abstract: Figs are commodities that are highly susceptible to damages. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of transportation on the quality 'Roxo de Valinhos' figs and also to investigate parameters of the force and deformation curve in order to obtain a firmness index with low variability. Figs were conditioned in traditional cardboard trays, plastic trays with unitary divisions and plastic trays with uniting divisions, lined with cotton in each division and also between the crate and the tray. The packings were disposed on a truck plattaform in the front and back positions, and in inferior and superior positions of the pilles. The packings - with the lined plastic trays - were placed at the center of the plattaform and at inferior part of the pile. The journey initiated in a property in Valinhos and ended at CEAGESP - Paulo/SP. At CEAGESP the packings had been unloaded and weighed and then they taken to the laboratory at Feagri-Unicamp - Campinas/SP where they were kept at room temperature. Mass of loss, appearance, firmness, soluble solid /acid ratio of the figs and cellular leakage content after transport were mesuared and avaluated storage. It was observed the figs, independent of the tray type, presented extreme loss of mass 24h after transportation. For the appearance the figs packed in cardboard trays showed marks of contact between fruits and surface marks and the ones in the plastic trays showed humidity marks from the perspiration of the fruit and abrasions caused by the contact with the walls of the divisions. Values of force and specific energy 10% of deformation showed similar variability, than were adopted as index firmness the values of the deformation energy. There were no significant differences of loss of mass, appearance, firmness, solids and acidity and of cellular leakage content between the various positions inside the truck.
Mestrado
Maquinas Agricolas
Mestre em Engenharia Agrícola
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Stafford, Glen T. "Analysis of Department of Defense (DOD) transportation mode strategies for shipping fresh fruits and vegetables (FFV) to Guam." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1998. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA343442.

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(9838247), Phul Subedi. "Non-invasive assessment of fruit: Attributes other than sweetness." Thesis, 2007. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Non-invasive_assessment_of_fruit_Attributes_other_than_sweetness/13454954.

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Fresh fruit eating quality, as defined by taste, texture (mouth feel) and smell, can be indexed by a number of attributes, including total soluble solids (TSS), total titratable acidity (TTA), firmness and aroma. Eating quality is further defined by a range of internal defects (e.g. dryness defect in mandarin). Available technologies for non-invasive assessment of these attributes are reviewed. The two technologies which have reached a stage of commercial adoption by the fruit industry are short wave near infrared spectroscopy (SWNIRS) and firmness assessment using impact or acoustic based techniques. The SWNIRS technique apparently has utility in the assessment of fruit TSS and dry matter (DM), but literature reports on use for other attributes (e.g. individual soluble sugar levels or firmness) are less convincing (e.g. failing to demonstrate prediction of independent validation sets). Based on the use of the Zeiss MMS1 NIR enhanced spectrometer module, SWNIRS (700 - 1100 nm) was demonstrated to be capable of analysis of citric acid (CA) in aqueous solution with a root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 0.34 % w/v. Difference spectra of pure aqueous solution of CA (i.e. subtraction of the water spectrum) supported interpretation of the CA spectra and partial least squares regression (PLSR) model regression coefficients, with absorption at 970 nm attributed to an O-H stretching band. For starch in aqueous solution, excellent model results (typical root mean square error of crossvalidation (RMSECV) = 0.30 % w/v) were interpreted in terms of scattering caused by the starch grains. The influence of temperature and salt (NaCl) on SWNIR spectra of model solutions was also characterised. Short wave near infrared spectroscopy was used in the development of models for a range of internal quality attributes (TTA, TSS in fruit varying in starch content, firmness, internal flesh colour, maturity level, and flesh ‘dryness defect’) of intact fruit. In each case the wavelength range and the number of factors used in the PLS model was optimised. In general an interactance mode was adopted, but in some cases presentation geometry (angle between light source, sample and detector) was also optimised. The SWNIRS technique was demonstrated to be effective in the assessment of DM content of a number of commodities (typical RMSEP around 1% DM). Sorting on DM spectra was shown to allow for removal of immature mangoes (fruit that will be slow or fail to ripen). Further, it was demonstrated that spectra collected of hard green mango could be directly related to TSS of fully ripe fruit. The SWNIRS technique was also demonstrated to be effective in the assessment of mango fruit internal colour (as flesh Hunter L a b). However, the SWNIRS technique was not recommended for assessment of TSS of intact fruit of varying starch level (i.e. in ripening mango or banana). In banana, for example, the PLSR model on TSS was interpreted in terms of assessment of peel chlorophyll content, representing an indirect assessment of TSS. With an RMSECV >0.1 % and a RMSEP = 0.3 % w/v, SWNIRS models were of marginal value in prediction of TTA of high acid fruit (e.g. lime, x ± standard deviation (SD): 7.3 ± 0.51 %), and of no value in prediction of low TTA fruit (e.g. peach, x ± SD: 0.88 ± 0.17 %). The SWNIR calibration models on fruit firmness achieved a Rcv2 >0.8, but in prediction of independent sets Rp 2 was <0.7. An acoustic technique based on sound velocity (SV) was better suited to assessment of fruit firmness. The SV decreased during ripening in mango, banana, peach and tomato fruit. The rate of this change was different to that of a penetrometer assessment, indicating that the two methods are assessing different mechanical properties of the fruit. A dryness defect of cultivar (cv.) Imperial mandarin was associated with cell proliferation within the juice sacs, and this character was associated with the observed colour of the juice sacs (high luminosity value). It was hypothesised that this character would decrease light transmission through affected fruit. However, fruit juice sac luminosity also varied with fruit maturity, and SWNIRS model performance was not consistent. Practical implementation of the SWNIRS technique for on-line sorting of defect fruit would involve constant model updating. In conclusion, the factors contributing to a successful implementation of the SWNIRS technique to a given application are summarised, and future directions in instrumentation and chemometrics discussed.
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(9895838), M. Al Farooque. "The problems of transporting and packaging of fruits and vegetables in Bangladesh." Thesis, 2007. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/The_problems_of_transporting_and_packaging_of_fruits_and_vegetables_in_Bangladesh/13458839.

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Bangladesh, basically an agricultural country, is gradually emerging into the international market with fresh agricultural produce. In order to compete in the market, standardization of the produce and packages is essential. In the research undertaken, the packaging status of fresh horticultural produce, and past, present and future practices of packaging and transporting fresh fruits and vegetables were reviewed. This investigation covered: methods of maintaining the quality of fresh fruits and vegetables; scientifically developed packaging materials; designing of appropriate methods of storage; sorting, grading and packing techniques - according to the requirements of the customers of developed countries. Following this, cost benefit studies were undertaken for developing various types of packages. Modification of presently available packaging materials and skill development of local work force were also considered and initiated - via interviews, surveys and workshops conducted with agricultural producers and transporters in a number of agricultural regions in Bangladesh. Wherever possible and appropriate, priority was given to the use of agricultural waste as the raw materials for developing internationally acceptable biodegradable forms of packaging. On this basis, some prototypes have been produced.
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Hu, Baicing, and 胡百慶. "Design Of Transportation For Wholesale Markets - Case On Taipei First Wholesale Fruit And Vegetable Market." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33342837194450984801.

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碩士
實踐大學
工業產品設計學系碩士班
100
Taipei First Wholesale Fruit and Vegetable Market has served Taipei citizens for almost 40 years, and one of the most prominent developments in the market is the evolution of methods used in goods transportation: from the initial method of man-powered carts, to the electric vehicles that are in use today. After carrying out field research, it’s been discovered that the current mode of transportation is not all-perfect after all, though the three-wheeled electric platform truck has a larger load and an emphasis on the profession of transportation, it still lacks the basic principles of modern product design: the harmonious combination of “technical functionality”, “operational functionality”, and “aesthetic functionality”. Therefore, with the help of field research, this study discovers and analyzes the real needs of the labors who work in the market, enabling the design process to be of a customized concept, and a multi-dimensional thought of combining ergonomics, functions, and aesthetics. Design analysis is focused on the goods’ storage method, surrounding environment, and characteristics and operation model of current transportation tools of six major wholesale markets in Taipei. After comparisons, characteristics and limitations of the Taipei First Wholesale Fruit and Vegetable Market are obtained. Also, information on various award-winning vehicle designs for goods transportation are gathered, which are then studied for their handling, functionality, and aesthetics, forming a database for references to be used in the design stage later on. Through observation and previously mentioned research outcome, creative elements are obtained, along with users’ needs, appropriate mode of transport, and analysis on form, the collected data are organized into usable design leads, subsequently executing the design phase of fruit and vegetable wholesale market transportation vehicle. The final part of this study is interviews with users and specialists of related fields, as well as feedbacks from judges of international design competitions, attaining evaluations and testimonials on the final design. In conclusion, this study is made with Taipei First Wholesale Fruit and Vegetable Market as its background, and design execution and evaluation is made after comparing several wholesale markets’ design-related information, and a study of users’ needs and operating environment. And by comparing this study with other current transportation tools, a design strategy and guide is categorized in the end, acting as a reference and suggestion tool for future projects and studies of similar nature.
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Books on the topic "Fruit transportation"

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Murase, Sachiyo. Chiri seisen kudamono yushutsu sangyō no hatten katei ni okeru chū-shōnō no ichizuke. Tōkyō: Jōchi Daigaku Ibero Amerika Kenkyūjo, 2004.

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Edwin, Smith. The use of brine tank refrigerator cars for fruit shipment. Ottawa: Dept. of Agriculture, 1997.

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Edwin, Smith. Methods of handling basket fruits. Ottawa: J. de L. Taché, 1997.

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Robertson, James W. Prospects for export of tender fruits. [Ottawa?: s.n.], 1993.

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Preston, W. T. R. W.T.R. Preston's speech at Orono: Startling revelations : overseas trade in natural products : $20,000,000 loss to Durham farmers : millions of dollars may be saved for producers. [Ontario?: s.n., 1997.

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Newkirk, Jonathan Raymond. An evaluation of competitive transportation modes moving Washington fresh fruits and vegetables. Pullman: College of Agriculture and Home Economics Research Center, Washington State University, 1990.

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Tvergyak, Paul. The apple/pear marketing systems in Mexico and transportation options for Washington fruit. Pullman, Wash: IMPACT, International Marketing Program for Agricultural Commodities & Trade, College of Agriculture & Home Economics, Washington State University, 1992.

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Kogan, Jorge. El transporte aereo, productos frutihorticolas de exportación. [Buenos Aires]: Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, 1990.

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Tvergyak, Paul. Mexico 1993-- apple markets, ocean freight and the Chilean factor. Pullman: International Marketing Program for Agricultural Commodities & Trade, College of Agriculture & Home Economics, Washington State University, 1993.

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Services, Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer. Virginia shippers directory: Fruits, vegetables, peanuts, Christmas trees. Richmond, VA: Division of Marketing, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Fruit transportation"

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Ma, Linjuan, Fuquan Zhang, and Lin Xu. "Fruit Detection Using Faster R-CNN Based on Deep Network." In Advances in Smart Vehicular Technology, Transportation, Communication and Applications, 193–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04585-2_23.

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Trieu, Nguyen Minh, and Nguyen Truong Thinh. "Development of Grading System Based on Machine Learning for Dragon Fruit." In The AUN/SEED-Net Joint Regional Conference in Transportation, Energy, and Mechanical Manufacturing Engineering, 230–43. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1968-8_19.

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Harvey, John M., and Laurie G. Houck. "Transportation to Markets." In Fresh Citrus Fruits, 465–78. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8792-3_19.

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García-Pérez, Eliseo, Genaro Aguilar-Gutiérrez, and Alejandra Ramírez Martínez. "Assessment and Analysis of the Fruit and Vegetable Losses Due to Its Transportation in Mexico City Wholesale Market." In Food Loss and Waste Reduction, 145–59. Boca Raton: Apple Academic Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003083900-8.

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Grierson, W., and W. F. Wardowski. "Transportation to the Packinghouse." In Fresh Citrus Fruits, 227–42. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8792-3_8.

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How, R. Brian. "Long Distance Transportation." In Marketing Fresh Fruits and Vegetables, 266–83. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2031-3_17.

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Polat, A. Aytekin, and A. Sarkhosh. "Environmental requirements and site selection." In The fig: botany, production and uses, 171–83. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242881.0007.

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Abstract This paper explores the environmental requirements and site selection of Ficus carica. The ideal conditions for dried fig production are: temperate and rainy winters, 30-40°C summer temperatures especially in July-September, 45-50% relative humidity, alluvial, clayish-loam soil, and average annual precipitation of around 650 mm. Growing fig trees in intensive production systems under hydroponic and greenhouse conditions is an excellent alternative production system since it allows increasing leaf area index, harvest index and fruit yield in relation to the total biomass of the plant. In site selection for greenhouse production, most of the same factors as used in siting an orchard location should be considered: topography, soil and water quantity and quality, and marketing factors. In addition, the most important greenhouse factors such as light, temperature, relative humidity, precipitation and ventilation should be considered, as well as the most important marketing or economic factors such as road transportation, market accessibility (proximity to settlements, market demands), availability of services (fuel, fertilizer, disinfectant and electricity), and availability of labor.
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Ahmad, Mohammad Shamsher, and Mohammed Wasim Siddiqui. "Mode of Transportation of Fresh Produce." In Postharvest Quality Assurance of Fruits, 217–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21197-8_12.

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Bhardwaj, Raju L., Yogesh Kumar Sharma, and Latika Vyas. "Transportation and Marketing of Fruits, Vegetables and Flowers." In Postharvest Handling of Horticultural Crops, 243–68. London: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003261582-8.

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Maghoumi, M., M. L. Amodio, and G. Colelli. "Processing and industrialization." In The fig: botany, production and uses, 398–420. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242881.0017.

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Abstract This chapter provides information on the various processing methods used to extend the storage life and prolong the quality of fig fruits, such as drying, freezing, canning and roasting, among others. The importance of processing in extending the shelf life, preventing nutrient loss, inhibiting biotic and abiotic degradation processes, lowering transportation, handling and storage costs, providing a consistent product supply important for marketing, optimizing product convenience and flexibility, utilizing more economical and disposable packaging and offering alternatives as a snack product is also discussed.
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Conference papers on the topic "Fruit transportation"

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Zhu, Changfeng, and Qing-rong Wang. "Technical Measures of Fruit and Vegetable Transportation." In 2010 International Conference on Logistics Engineering and Intelligent Transportation Systems (LEITS). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/leits.2010.5664997.

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Kai, Yang, Zhang Junmei, Li Wenbin, Yang Liu, Gao Lin, and Xue Huixia. "Weighing System of Fruit-Transportation Gyrocar Based on ARM." In 2011 International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation (ICMTMA). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmtma.2011.253.

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Mukhamedjanova, Kamola. "Supply Chain Management of Fruits and Vegetables: Realities and Prospects." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c10.02114.

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Fruit and vegetables are an important sector of agricultural production in Uzbekistan, because they provide the population with sufficient food, as well as income for rural households. Despite this, there are a number of problems in terms of storage, harvesting, processing, and transportation dealing with supply chain management of fruits and vegetables. This article examines the existing mechanism of fruit and vegetables supply chain, as well as offers optimal solutions concerning these issues. In this research there were used secondary data collected from official statistics and professional literatures. As methods of research were used analysis and synthesis, comparison. By practicing improved supply chain management mechanism, there will be significant reduction in the wastages of fruits and vegetables which in turn will benefit both the farmers also the consumers by means of increased returns and decrease in prices respectively.
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Mao, Min, Zhongjiao Cai, Di Gong, and Jie Luo. "Ordering Policies of Post-Ripening Fruit Supply Chain under Physical Loss." In Sixth International Conference on Transportation Engineering. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784482742.087.

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Khoo, John, Solomon Haw, Nicholas Su, and Shakeeb Mulaafer. "Kiwi Fruit IoT Shelf Life Estimation During Transportation with Cloud Computing." In 2021 IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Engineering and Technology (IICAIET). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iicaiet51634.2021.9573602.

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Wang, Hui, Fan Zhang, and Li Wang. "Fruit Classification Model Based on Improved Darknet53 Convolutional Neural Network." In 2020 International Conference on Intelligent Transportation, Big Data & Smart City (ICITBS). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icitbs49701.2020.00194.

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Kai, Yang, Zhang Junmei, Li Wenbin, Yang Liu, Gao Lin, and Xue Huixia. "Design of Ultrasonic Obstacle Avoidance System of Fruit-Transportation Gyrocar Based on ARM." In 2011 International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation (ICMTMA). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmtma.2011.855.

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Yan, Li. "The Research of Supply Chain Logistics Management on Fruit E-Commerce Website." In Eighth International Conference of Chinese Logistics and Transportation Professionals (ICCLTP). Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40996(330)315.

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Zhang, Depeng, and Shuangmei Li. "Research on Fruit and Vegetable Product Logistics Procurement Patterns of Retail Enterprises." In Eighth International Conference of Chinese Logistics and Transportation Professionals (ICCLTP). Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40996(330)163.

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Nurmeiliasari, Yosi Fenita, Een Zitriyani, and Fitrianti Firdaus. "Physiological Responses and Blood Profile of Broiler Chicken Supplemented with Red Dragon Fruit Peel (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Subjected to Transportation Stress." In International Seminar on Promoting Local Resources for Sustainable Agriculture and Development (ISPLRSAD 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/absr.k.210609.030.

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Reports on the topic "Fruit transportation"

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Choudhary, Ruplal, Victor Rodov, Punit Kohli, Elena Poverenov, John Haddock, and Moshe Shemesh. Antimicrobial functionalized nanoparticles for enhancing food safety and quality. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7598156.bard.

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Original objectives The general goal of the project was to utilize the bactericidal potential of curcumin- functionalizednanostructures (CFN) for reinforcement of food safety by developing active antimicrobial food-contact surfaces. In order to reach the goal, the following secondary tasks were pursued: (a) further enhancement of the CFN activity based on understanding their mode of action; (b) preparing efficient antimicrobial surfaces, investigating and optimizing their performance; (c) testing the efficacy of the antimicrobial surfaces in real food trials. Background to the topic The project dealt with reducing microbial food spoilage and safety hazards. Cross-contamination through food-contact surfaces is one of the major safety concerns, aggravated by bacterial biofilm formation. The project implemented nanotech methods to develop novel antimicrobial food-contact materials based on natural compounds. Food-grade phenylpropanoidcurcumin was chosen as the most promising active principle for this research. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements In agreement with the original plan, the following research tasks were performed. Optimization of particles structure and composition. Three types of curcumin-functionalizednanostructures were developed and tested: liposome-type polydiacetylenenanovesicles, surface- stabilized nanoparticles and methyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes (MBCD). The three types had similar minimal inhibitory concentration but different mode of action. Nanovesicles and inclusion complexes were bactericidal while the nanoparticlesbacteriostatic. The difference might be due to different paths of curcumin penetration into bacterial cell. Enhancing the antimicrobial efficacy of CFN by photosensitization. Light exposure strengthened the bactericidal efficacy of curcumin-MBCD inclusion complexes approximately three-fold and enhanced the bacterial death on curcumin-coated plastic surfaces. Investigating the mode of action of CFN. Toxicoproteomic study revealed oxidative stress in curcumin-treated cells of E. coli. In the dark, this effect was alleviated by cellular adaptive responses. Under light, the enhanced ROS burst overrode the cellular adaptive mechanisms, disrupted the iron metabolism and synthesis of Fe-S clusters, eventually leading to cell death. Developing industrially-feasible methods of binding CFN to food-contact surfaces. CFN binding methods were developed for various substrates: covalent binding (binding nanovesicles to glass, plastic and metal), sonochemical impregnation (binding nanoparticles to plastics) and electrostatic layer-by-layer coating (binding inclusion complexes to glass and plastics). Investigating the performance of CFN-coated surfaces. Flexible and rigid plastic materials and glass coated with CFN demonstrated bactericidal activity towards Gram-negative (E. coli) and Gram-positive (Bac. cereus) bacteria. In addition, CFN-impregnated plastic material inhibited bacterial attachment and biofilm development. Testing the efficacy of CFN in food preservation trials. Efficient cold pasteurization of tender coconut water inoculated with E. coli and Listeriamonocytogeneswas performed by circulation through a column filled with CFN-coated glass beads. Combination of curcumin coating with blue light prevented bacterial cross contamination of fresh-cut melons through plastic surfaces contaminated with E. coli or Bac. licheniformis. Furthermore, coating of strawberries with CFN reduced fruit spoilage during simulated transportation extending the shelf life by 2-3 days. Implications, both scientific and agricultural BARD Report - Project4680 Page 2 of 17 Antimicrobial food-contact nanomaterials based on natural active principles will preserve food quality and ensure safety. Understanding mode of antimicrobial action of curcumin will allow enhancing its dark efficacy, e.g. by targeting the microbial cellular adaptation mechanisms.
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