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Journal articles on the topic 'Fruit transportation'
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1
Zheng, Dandan, Jiahui Chen, Menghua Lin, Da Wang, Qiong Lin, Jingping Cao, Xiangzheng Yang, et al. "Packaging Design to Protect Hongmeiren Orange Fruit from Mechanical Damage during Simulated and Road Transportation." Horticulturae 8, no. 3 (March 17, 2022): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8030258.
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Hongmeiren is a high-quality orange fruit but susceptible to mechanical damage. This work proposes a new packaging format (Packaging C), which used the plastic partition boards to separate the folding plastic basket to avoid the fruits from crushing each other, and used a PU foam layer and placed it along the inside of the EPE foam layer to meet the different sizes of fruits. The results show that under both 3 and 10 h of simulated transportation, Packaging C achieved a much lower damage and decay rates than Packaging A (plastic bulk containers), and this was further verified by the road transportation. Besides, Packaging C could avoid dents in the peel of some large fruits compared to the gift packaging (Packaging B). Although the use of inner packaging could increase the use of packaging, it can reduce the waste of cultivation and transportation resources caused by not being able to deliver the fruit to the consumer, as well as environmental pollution caused by fruit decay. Moreover, low temperature (10 °C) and high humidity (90% RH) during transportation could further reduce the damage and packages at the rear position obtained a higher damage rate than at the front position, but no obvious difference was found between stack heights.
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Azam, Mostafa M., AbdelGawad Saad, and Baher M. A. Amer. "Assessment of the Quality Losses of Cantaloupe Fruit during Transportation." Processes 10, no. 6 (June 14, 2022): 1187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10061187.
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Fruit quality is a crucial factor in affecting shelf-life and purchase choice for customers. Protecting the quality of cantaloupe fruits in the chain from harvest to marketing is a very important process. The objective of this study was to investigate the dynamic characteristics of cantaloupe fruit during excitation, to investigate the effect of vibration strength on the mechanical characteristics of cantaloupe fruit, and to show the effects of this strength on the mechanical damage of cantaloupe. Experiments were performed to measure the dynamic behavior of cantaloupe fruit during transportation and to evaluate the dynamic behavior of the packaging and the damage to the cantaloupes due to transient vibration during transportation. The results show that using the paper pulp tray packing method reduces cantaloupe damage and improves their quality during harvest and post-harvest processes. The range of resonance frequencies is important for the transporting of cantaloupes; a higher starting resonance is an indication of a stiffer cantaloupe bottom, and the paper pulp tray shifts the resonance frequency when compared to volume packing methods. Another interesting observation in this study is that a fruit with a high internal damping capacity is not as injured by exciting vibrations as a fruit with a low damping capacity, even if its natural frequency falls within the range of excitation.
3
Chen, Hong, Greg McCollum, Elizabeth Baldwin, and Jinhe Bai. "Impacts of Huanglongbing Symptom Severity on Fruit Detachment Force and Mechanical Properties of Sweet Oranges (Citrus sinensis)." HortScience 51, no. 4 (April 2016): 356–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.51.4.356.
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This study evaluated the effects of huanglongbing (HLB) symptom severity on fruit detachment force (FDF) and fruit mechanical properties in sweet oranges (Citrus sinensis) as indicators of potential HLB-influenced preharvest fruit drop and postharvest damage and breakdown. FDF for fruit from HLB-asymptomatic trees (AS) was substantially greater than for fruits from HLB-symptomatic trees or branches. Fruit hardness, resilience, springiness, and cohesiveness values, measured by texture profile analysis (TPA), represent various aspects of fruit firmness and recovery capacity once compressed, and were lower in HLB-symptomatic fruits in comparison with AS fruits. On the other hand, puncture force, toughness, and deformation values, measured by a puncture test and representing peel toughness, were higher in HLB-symptomatic fruits than in the AS fruits. The results indicate that fruits from severely HLB-symptomatic sweet orange trees are more likely to have problems with preharvest fruit drop, and postharvest pressure damage and breakdown, but may have less puncture damage in harvesting, transportation, packing, and juice processing.
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Jiao, Xiaolong, Wen Xu, and Lintong Duan. "Study on Cold Chain Transportation Model of Fruit and Vegetable Fresh-Keeping in Low-Temperature Cold Storage Environment." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2021 (December 18, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8445028.
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Due to the limitation of later stage intelligent algorithms, the fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping cold chain transportation scheme did not meet the expectation and could not achieve the dual objectives of the shortest time and the lowest consumption at the same time. In order to solve the above problems, a cold chain transportation model of fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping in a low-temperature cold storage environment is proposed. The model is based on the topology of the cold chain transportation network. By setting the assumptions of the fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping cold chain transportation model, the objective model is composed of three parts: vehicle power fuel consumption cost, cold chain transportation refrigeration cost, and total fruit and vegetable loss cost. Under six constraints, the improved ant colony algorithm is used to find the optimal fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping cold chain transportation route. The experimental results show that compared with the methods based on ALNS, genetic algorithm, and quantum bacterial foraging optimization algorithm, the research method can bring the best comprehensive benefit by accomplishing the fruit and vegetable transportation task in the shortest time at the lowest cost, and the research goal is thus achieved.
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Subedi, Sujan, Giri Dhari Subedi, Dipendra Ghimire, Ishwori Prasad Gautam, Suvechchha Khanal, Purushottam Khatiwoda, and Sanjeeb Thapa. "Effect of Wrapping Materials and Maturity Stages on Postharvest Loss Reduction of Papaya." Journal of Nepal Agricultural Research Council 8 (May 9, 2022): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnarc.v8i.44811.
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Papaya fruits are vulnerable to high postharvest losses if harvesting and handling techniques are inappropriate. Therefore, an experiment was conducted in two consecutive years, 2019 and 2020, to assess the effects of wrapping materials and maturity stages on postharvest loss reduction of papaya stored at ambient condition. A factorial combination of four wrapping materials (brown paper, white paper, fiber bag, and control) and three maturity stages (MS2; few yellow streaks from base to stalk end of fruits, MS3; 1/2 ripe, and MS4; 3/4 ripe), using a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications was used to carry out this experiment. The papaya fruits were evaluated for transportation weight loss, bruised fruit percent, physiological weight loss, decay percent, total soluble solids, firmness, and shelf life. The result revealed that wrapping materials significantly affected on the transportation weight loss, percent bruised fruit, decay percent, and shelf life. The stage of maturity had a significant effect on TSS and firmness of the fruit. However, the interaction of wrapping materials and maturity stages had a non-significant effect on all the parameters. Out of the four wrapping materials, brown paper wrapped fruits had the lowest bruised fruit (4.1%), the lowest decay (10.8%), and the highest shelf life (11.8 days), while MS2 showed the minimum bruised fruit (15.1%), decay (21.2%), and shelf life (12.8 days). Fruit harvested at MS2 wrapped with brown paper can reduce postharvest loss and improve shelf life of papaya.
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Amanto, Bambang Sigit. "Pengaruh Kemasan dan Susunan terhadap Sifat Fisik Buah Mangga Golek selama Transportasi." Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 19, no. 1 (April 19, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/carakatani.v19i1.20444.
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<p>Packaging has been designed for degrade of vibration and presser that to create broken and injury during transportation. The broken and injury fruit impact respiration process and to be continued. Mango fruit that injury impact respiration process. The aims of research was to study of physic characteristic of mango fruit “golek’’ to kind of packaging and setting in the packaging during transportation. The result of research was (1) There isn’t really impact to very really impact at the treatment of the fruit sstting to change colour, hardness and removal weight in packaging during transportation, (2) There isn’t really impact to very really impact at the treatment of kind of packaging to change colour and removal weight during transportation, (3) Packaging that been made from bamboo (basket) giving a the best of value was compared the others packaging to hardness of mango fruit during transportation.</p>
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KOBAYASHI, Kozue. "Fruit Transportation : Development of Cargo friendly Trucks." Journal of the Society of Mechanical Engineers 114, no. 1108 (2011): 174–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemag.114.1108_174.
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Zhou, Xiao Rong. "Mechanism Study on the Grading of the 5BF-3 Fruits Grading Machine." Advanced Materials Research 490-495 (March 2012): 233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.490-495.233.
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The physical experiment study of affecting factors for fruits grading rate is presented by means of the 5BF-3 fruits grading machine and is applying the design of four factors quadratic regression general rotary to grade the spheroid fruit citrus. By using virtual simulation and dynamic to dynamically analyze the test results, ascertain the grading rate influence mechanism of the grading transportation chain speed at the stage of artificially chosen, fruits conveyer belt speed, the fruit graded wooden roller speed and the friction coefficient of the 5BF-3 fruits grading machine are verified.
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Krisdiarto, Andreas Wahyu, and Lilik Sutiarso. "PENGARUH TINGKAT KERUSAKAN JALAN PERKEBUNAN DAN POSISI TANDAN BUAH SEGAR DI BAK TRUK TERHADAP KINERJA ANGKUTAN KELAPA SAWIT (Effect of Estate Road Damage and Fresh Fruit Bunch Position in Truck Bin on Oil Palm Transportation Performance)." Jurnal Agritech 36, no. 02 (October 11, 2016): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/agritech.12867.
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Oil Palm fresh fruit bunch (FFB) transportation is a vital step in post harvest process. Transportation condition mayaffects the quantity and quality of FFB as a palm oil factory raw material. Due to many estate roads are not at idealcondition, this research was addressed to explore the relationship between road damage level and position of FFBin truck bin to transportation performance. Transportation performance indicator were leftover fruit, level of releasedfruitlets, fruits bruise index, and free fatty acid (FFA) content. The research divided into two stage. The first wason transportation performance in collection road. The second was FFB transportation from fruit collection point tofactory, which was treated on good, moderate, and bad road. Observation was done to the FFB at bottom, middleand upper layer of truck bin. The transportation performace indicators were analized by Anova, and continued byTukey method analysis if there were differentces among treatments. Result showed that level of road damage wassignificantly affect transportation performace indicator i.e level of leftover fruits, but it was not significantly affectlevel of released fruitlets, fruits bruise index, and FFA content. Meanwhile, FFB position in truck bin influenced levelof fruitlets releasing, and significantly influenced fruits bruise index.Keywords: Palm oil transportation, leftover fruits, released fruitlets, bruise index, oil Pal FFB ABSTRAKPengangkutan tandan buah segar (TBS) kelapa sawit merupakan satu tahap penting dalam proses pascapanen. Kondisipengangkutan menentukan kuantitas dan kualitas TBS sebagai bahan baku pabrik kelapa sawit. Mengingat masihbanyak jalan perkebunan yang belum ideal, penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari hubungan tingkat kerusakan jalan danpenempatan TBS di bak truk terhadap kinerja pengangkutan. Indikator kinerja pengangkutan yang digunakan adalahbuah restan (tertinggal di kebun), kadar asam lemak bebas (ALB), tingkat pelepasan buah (membrondol), dan tingkatmemar (indeks memar). Penelitian dibagi menjadi dua tahap, yaitu: 1) kinerja pengangkutan dari piringan pohon ketempat pengumpulan hasil (TPH). 2) kinerja pengangkutan dari TPH ke pabrik. Perlakuan dalam penelitian tahap duaadalah kualitas jalan pengumpulan, yaitu jalan baik, sedang, dan buruk, dan posisi TBS di bak truk, yaitu di lapisandasar, tengah, dan atas. Hubungan panjang jalan rusak dengan tingkat restan buah dianalisis dengan analisis regresi,sedang indikator kinerja pengangkutan dianalisis dengan analisis varians (Anova), dan kemudian dilanjutkan dengananalisis satu arah pembedaan antar perlakuan dengan metode Tukey. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi atautingkat kerusakan jalan memberikan pengaruh terhadap indikator kinerja pengangkutan tingkat buah restan, namuntidak secara nyata berpengaruh terhadap tingkat pelepasan buah sawit dari tandan (pembrondolan), tingkat kerusakanbuah (indeks memar) dan kadar ALB pada saat pengangkutan menggunakan truk bak kayu. Sedang posisi TBS didalam bak truk berpengaruh cukup nyata terhadap tingkat pelepasan buah dari tandan, dan berpengaruh nyata terhadapindeks memar buah selama pengangkutan.Kata kunci: Pengangkutan, restan, pembrondolan, indeks memar, TBS kelapa sawit
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Picha, David H., and Roger A. Hinson. "TRANSPORTATION ROUTES FOR LATIN AMERICAN PRODUCE IMPORTS INTO THE UNITED STATES." HortScience 27, no. 6 (June 1992): 609a—609. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.609a.
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The origin and distribution of counter-seasonal fresh fruit and vegetable imports from Latin America into the U.S. was evaluated. Infrastructure comparisons were made among various U.S. ports of entry capable of receiving perishables. Economic comparisons were made utilizing different transportation routes. Market boundary analyses indicated significant cost savings would result from changing existing transportation routes to certain final U.S. destinations. Currently the port of Philadelphia receives the majority of South American fruit which is mostly shipped break bulk or palletized. South Florida ports (Miami and Port Everglades) receive the majority of Central American and Caribbean fruits and vegetables which are mostly shipped containerized. Interest exists among Latin American exporters to diversify their U.S. ports of entry in order to avoid distribution bottlenecks. Future trade routes will likely see an increased utilization of more economical U.S. Gulf of Mexico ports.
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Khodaei, Mehdi, Sadegh Seiiedlou, and Morteza Sadeghi. "The evaluation of vibration damage in fresh apricots during simulated transport." Research in Agricultural Engineering 65, No. 4 (December 30, 2019): 112–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/12/2019-rae.
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The transportation of fruits over longer distances could lead to damage fruits such as apricots. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of transportation factors including the vibration frequencies (17 and 20 Hz), the vibration time (15 and 30 minutes), the fruit cultivar (Shahroudi and Urdoobad), and the package type (2 types) on the apricot damage. An electro-dynamic lab vibration simulator was used to simulate the road transportation and a fruit damage index (FDI) was used as a criterion to evaluate the damage based on the classifying bruises into five different categories. The statistical analysis indicated that, except for the package type, the other factors (apricot cultivar, frequency, and vibration duration) had a significant effect on the FDI (P < 0.01). The vibration damages considerably changed by the apricot cultivar and increased by the frequency and duration. The results indicated that the Urdoobad cultivar was more resistant to the damage and could be used for export purposes to transport in distances more than 1,000 km. The maximum damages occurred at a frequency and duration of 17 Hz and 30 min in the Shahroudi cultivar, respectively.
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Fernando Gallo, P., A. Carlos, and M. Gómez. "HANDLING POSTHARVEST, STORAGE AND TRANSPORTATION OF COLOMBIAN FRUIT." Acta Horticulturae, no. 310 (September 1992): 155–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1992.310.20.
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Niu, Yitong, and Andrei Korneev. "Analysis of the way of pretreatment before transportation of palm biomass fuel." Sustainable Engineering and Innovation 4, no. 2 (July 1, 2022): 104–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.37868/sei.v4i2.id162.
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With the increasing concern about the environment, renewable energy development is imminent, and biomass utilization is an essential part of it. In many regions (e.g., Southeast Asia), palm kernels are a very economical feedstock for biomass energy production. However, the collection and transportation of palm kernels are complicated, which is not conducive to the further development of this industry. This paper analyzes the current situation of collection and transportation of palm kernels in Southeast Asian countries using basic analysis methods. Meanwhile, the characteristics of palm fruit bunches as biomass fuel and its transportation and handling methods are briefly introduced and analyzed concerning the fuel demand of biomass power generation projects. The shortcomings of the current methods were identified, and relevant directions for improvement were proposed. It is hoped that it can improve the transportation efficiency of palm fruit bunches as a feedstock for biomass power generation and provide a reference basis for the collection and transportation of palm fruit bunches biomass.
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Samosir, Rahmad, Melya Dynasari, Medyawanti Pane, and Yuda Kristian. "DESIGN, BUILD, AND TESTING TRANSPORTATION WHEELS FOR TRANSPORTATION OF PALM OIL FRUIT IN PEATLAND." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 9, no. 5 (May 31, 2021): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v9.i5.2021.3887.
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To increase the collection of oil palm yields on peatlands, the team made a design and tested the fruit vehicle using a double garden jeep. The design that is done is to make an iron wheel equipped with fins made of angled profile iron. To increase the diameter of the wheel, the standard wheels are given spokes from a 0.5 mm strip plate and are welded to the outside of the wheel with fins. The stress analysis results in the critical area show that the stress that occurs is lower than the allowable stress. The shear stress on the strip plate connected to the wheel is much less than the allowable shear stress(3 kg/cm2 ≤300 kg/cm2). Then the compressive stress that occurs is also smaller than the allowable stress (200.5 kg/cm2 ≤ 300 kg/cm2) however, the bending stress that occurs in the fins is much greater than the allowable stress (1413 kg/cm2 ≤ 400 kg/cm2), it is necessary to make additional reinforcement part fins every 10 cm. After the wheels are produced, testing is carried out by transporting 1100 kg of the palm fruit. From the results of these trials, it can be concluded that the wheel design fulfills the needs.
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Kanwal, Shubhangi, S. K. Kashyap hire, and S. B. Agale. "Marketing Behaviour of Fruit Growers in Kumaon Hills of Uttarakhandational Environment in Agricultural Colleges from Maharashtra." Journal of Extension Systems 36, no. 1 (2020): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.48165/jes.2020.36101.
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Fruit production has immense potential to boost farmer’s income in Uttarakhand hills. To increase producers’ share in consumer rupee, marketing of quality fruits is essential. A study was conducted in Kumaon hills of Uttarakhand to assess marketing behaviour of fruit growers and constraints in marketing the fruits produced. Results revealed that fruit growers in the Uttarakhand hills exhibited a medium level of overall marketing behaviour. Marketing behaviour was studied as a composite of planning, decision making based on criteria for making an action plan, execution strategy and reconsideration/ review of the action plan after marketing. Risk preference, quality orientation, training received and market information source utilization were found to be significantly related with marketing behaviour of which risk preference and quality orientation were reported as the predictors. High transportation cost, fluctuating market prices and inadequate storage facilities were reported as the major constraints in fruit marketing by the growers. Provision of cold chain, processing units, mega markets with export linkages, minimum support price for fruits, focused training for small and marginal farmers on marketing strategies and quality concerns were suggested by the fruit growers.
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Karlidağ, Hüseyin, Metin Turan, Fırat Ege Karaat, Ekrem Ozlu, Francisco Arriaga, Tuncay Kan, and Salih Atay. "RESPONSE OF HEAVY METAL CONTENTS IN APRICOTS TO DIFFERENT TRANSPORTATION MODES." Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus 18, no. 1 (February 19, 2019): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2019.1.8.
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In order to evaluate the effects of different transportation hubs on cultivated soil and apricots, macro and micro elements and heavy metal contents of fruit, leaf, kernel and soil samples collected from apricot orchards located at the border of the railroad, the motorway, the airport, and an orchard far from transportation modes were detected by ICP/OES (inductively coupled plasma / optical emission spectrometry). The results indicated the highest Cd, Pb and Ni contents of soil, fruit, and kernel samples under impacts of railroad transportation modes, whereas the highest contents of leaf were found under motorway side. All fruit samples contained higher amounts of Cd and Pb compared to permissible limits of FAO/WHO, and contents differentiated between sampling locations. There were no correlative relations found between transportation modes and macro-micro element contents. As a conclusion, in terms of heavy metal contamination, the orchards located at railway sides have the highest risk and this was followed by motorway side.
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Korostynska, Olga, Alex Mason, and Pål Johan From. "Electromagnetic Sensing for Non-Destructive Real-Time Fruit Ripeness Detection: Case-Study for Automated Strawberry Picking." Proceedings 2, no. 13 (December 10, 2018): 980. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130980.
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Rapid non-destructive measurement or prediction of ripeness, quality and fungal infection in various fruits is a challenge currently affecting automation of fruit harvesting and gathering. This is especially true for delicate and difficult to store fruit such as strawberries, which are traditionally delivered directly to the customer from the farm. However, transportation of the product, often overseas, means that fruits’ condition at the time of gathering should be precisely planned. This paper reports on the initial trials of using non-invasive athermal microwave spectroscopy as a tool to assist in real-time fruit ripeness detection. The trials were conducted during June 2018 and have illustrated that the proposed method can distinguish between strawberries at different stages in ripening (R2 = 0.788, p = 0.0283). The findings support further development of the technique, which aims for integration with the Thorvald II agricultural robotic system.
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MAKSIMENKO, M. H., and D. I. MARTSINKEVICH. "PECULIAR PROPERTIES OF DRIED-FRUIT PRODUCTION." Fruit-Growing 33 (August 16, 2021): 227–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.47612/0134-9759-2021-33-227-238.
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The advantages of dried fruits consist in the simplicity of production, storage and transportation convenience, simplicity
of using and the content of a significant amount of sugars, nitrogenous substances, organic acids, pectin and mineral
substances. They also preserve the organoleptic qualities of fresh fruits and berries well.
Some features of fruit drying in different ways have been revealed.
The plum varieties recommended for the prune production have been established: Venherka italianskaya, Venherka
domashnyaya, Wangenheim Venherka, Venherka korneevskaya, Venherka fioletovaya, Venherka azhanskaya, Venherka
obiknovennaya, Venherka krupnaya sladkaya, Venherka yubileinaya, Kirke, Lehenda, Renklod Altana, Renklod Karbisheva,
Stanley, Sinyaya ptsica, Pamyati Kostsinoy, Sentyabrskaya, Sopernica, Tuleu grass, Prune Adyghe, Prune samarkandski,
Prune pozdni chimkenski etc.
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González-Aguilar, G., R. Báez-Sañudo, R. Troncoso-Rojas, M. Báez-Sañudo, and E. Bringas-Taddei. "EFFECT OF HOT WATER TREATMENT AND FILM PACKING ON MARKET QUALITY OF MANGOS FOR EXPORT." HortScience 27, no. 6 (June 1992): 599d—599. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.599d.
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México is an important producer of mangos for exportation. Losses occurring during postharvest due to poor handling practices, spoilage and injury during transportation reduces the quality of the fruit for shipment overseas. A hot water immersion treatment of 46C for 90 min and film wrapping of the fruit were studied to evaluate losses that occur during the sorting and packing of the fruit for market abroad. Cultivars of mangos included in the study were Tomy Atkins, Hayden, Kent, and Keitt. Fruits were selected from different points in the packing line before and after the hot water treatment and were stored at 10C and 20C for 30 days. Additionally, fruits were divided in subgroups and packed individually in low density polyethylene bags. Fruits were evaluated every 10 days for color, weight, firmness and injuries. Most severe losses occurred when the fruits were selected later in the packing line. Hot water treatment caused severe discoloration on the fruits. Film packing decreased weight loss, improved firmness, and retarded ripening and onset of spoilage.
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PARRA, María Ängeles, Javier GÓMEZ, Fulgencio Wadi AGUILAR, and Juan Antonio MARTINEZ. "Fusarium annulatum causes Fusarium rot of cantaloupe melons in Spain." Phytopathologia Mediterranea 16, no. 2 (July 19, 2022): 269–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/phyto-13454.
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During the summer of 2018, there was high incidence of fruit rots of cantaloupe melons (Cucumis melo var. cantalupensis) in Murcia province, south-eastern Spain. The fruits showed development of whitish mycelium and pulp softening. Morphological and molecular analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1-α) and the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase (RPB2) genes confirmed Fusarium annulatum as the causal agent of the disease. A phylogenetic study indicated that F. annulatum is in the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex (FFSC). Pathogenicity of the isolate was determined on healthy fruit verifying Koch’s postulates. The first symptoms of fruit rot were observed 3 d after inoculations at 28ºC. Fruit infections only occurred in artificially wounded melons, and F. annulatum was re-isolated from the wounds. This disease appeared after fruit harvesting, and could generate substantial economic losses mainly in fruit destined for foreign markets due to long transportation times. This is the first report of melon fruit rot caused by F. annulatum in Spain.
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Zhang, Shubin, Hong Chen, and Cunde Pan. "Effects of the Source–Sink Relationship on Walnut Nut Quality at the Scale of the Fruit–Bearing Branch." Forests 13, no. 7 (June 30, 2022): 1034. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13071034.
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Fruit quality is known to be regulated by the balance between leaf number/area and fruit number, but less is known about the effects of fruit–bearing branch agronomic traits, particularly for walnuts (Juglans regia L.). We assessed nut quality, physiological and biochemical indexes of leaves, and microstructure of leaves and fruit stalks at various leaf–to–fruit ratios to gain insight into the relationships between branch agronomic traits and nut quality, to identify those traits that made a better contribution to nut quality and to find out the range of the leaf–to–fruit ratio and the object of fruit to be removed for thinning. We found that the top fruit on the fruit stalk had a higher longitudinal diameter and kernel weight than the bottom at the low leaf–to–fruit level, and branches with more pinnate compound leaves had a better capacity for carbohydrate assimilation and transportation to produce better quality fruits. Specifically, with the increasing leaf number, the branch diameter, total leaf area, net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, fruit weight, fruit diameters, and kernel protein content also increased. Moreover, at the microscopic level, the fruit stalk vascular bundle, leaf thickness, palisade mesophyll thickness, and ratios of palisade mesophyll to spongy mesophyll thickness in the leaf also showed the same trend. Therefore, when the ratio of leaf area to the fruit number was less than 181.5 square centimeters per fruit on the branches, reducing the fruit number could improve the size and the crude fat content of fruits. While the ratio was more than 247.8 square centimeters per fruit, the fruit number had no significant effect on fruit quality, but increasing leaf area and branch diameter could improve the fruit size and yield.
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Krupa, Tomasz, Ewa Zaraś-Januszkiewicz, and Andrii Kistechok. "Influence of 1-Methylcyclopropene on the Antioxidants of ‘Red Cap’ Apples during Transportation and Shelf Life." Agronomy 11, no. 2 (February 14, 2021): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11020341.
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The dietary properties of apples make them, along with the other fruits and vegetables, the basis of many slimming or pro-health diets. Availability of apples throughout the year is ensured by various storage technologies, including the use of ripening inhibitors. This experiment focused on the assessment of the effect of various variants of inhibition of apple ripening processes, i.e., 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), ultra-low-oxygen storage (ULO) or modified atmosphere (MAP), in order to provide the consumer with apples with comparable high nutritional values. An important aim of the experiment was to determine the effect of the above-mentioned factors on changes in the content of polyphenols and antioxidant capacity in conditions of apple distribution at high temperatures, i.e., above 25 °C. The experiment consisted of several stages of fruit distribution: (I)—treatment of 1-MCP apples immediately after harvest, (II)—storage in ULO, (III)—simulated long-distance transport under normal atmosphere cold storage (NA) and Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP), (IV)—simulated rotation (15 days) under high-temperature conditions of 25 °C. Evaluation gave the basic characteristics of the fruits that characterize their health-promoting properties, i.e., total polyphenols (TPC), phenolic acids and flavonols, and antioxidant activity (AA). All indicators were assessed separately for apple peel and flesh. The experiment showed that the content of antioxidants in apple peel is from 230 to 370% higher than in the flesh, depending on the group of ingredients assessed. The peel of fruit treated with 1-MCP was distinguished by a higher content of phenolic acids and flavonols than the untreated fruit, especially after 20 weeks of stored in ULO. The effect of 1-MCP on AA in the peel of the fruit was moderate; however, apples untreated with 1-MCP were more likely to lose AA, especially when transported under normal cold storage conditions. The content of assessed compounds in the apple flesh was more stable than in the peel. The content of TPC and phenolic acids in apple flesh either decreased or remained almost unchanged after 15 days of shelf life. An increase in AA was observed in fruit flesh not stored in ULO, especially in apples treated with 1-MCP. After 10 and 20 weeks of storage in ULO, AA was not determined by experimental factors. The use of 1-MCP and the transport of apples in MAP can reduce the loss of phenolics after long-distance transport and distribution.
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Hsiao, Yu-Hsiang, Mu-Chen Chen, Kuan-Yu Lu, and Cheng-Lin Chin. "Last-mile distribution planning for fruit-and-vegetable cold chains." International Journal of Logistics Management 29, no. 3 (August 13, 2018): 862–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlm-01-2017-0002.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to formulate and solve a last-mile distribution plan problem with concern for the quality of fruits and vegetables in cold chains. Design/methodology/approach The vehicle routing problem with time windows (VRPTW) is extended based on the characteristics of fruit-and-vegetable cold chains. The properties of multiple perishable foods, continuing decline in quality, various requirements for quality levels and optimal temperature settings during vehicle transportation are considered in the VRPTW. The product quality level is defined by the estimation of residual shelf life, which changes with temperature, and is characterized by a stepped decrease during the transportation process as time goes on. A genetic algorithm (GA) is adapted to solve the problem because of its convincing ability to solve VRPTW-related problems. For this purpose, solution encoding, a fitness function and evolution operators are designed to deal with the complicated problem herein. Findings A distribution plan including required fleet size, vehicle routing sequence and what quality level should be shipped out to account for the quality degradation during vehicle transportation is generated. The results indicate that the fulfillment of various requirements of different customers for various fruits and vegetables and quality levels can be ensured with cost considerations. Originality/value This study presents a problem for last-mile delivery of fresh fruits and vegetables which considers multiple practical scenarios not studied previously. A solution algorithm based on a GA is developed to address this problem. The proposed model is easily applied to other types of perishable products.
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Peleg, Kalman, and Shalom Hinga. "Transportation Environments of Fresh Produce." Journal of the IEST 29, no. 3 (May 1, 1986): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.1.29.3.a6n354x7122l5133.
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A produce distribution survey was conducted to develop a calculated risk approach to packaging systems design. A database for simulating shock and vibration inputs was derived from two instrumented surveys of typical transport routes of apples and citrus fruit. These comprised spectral envelopes encompassing different truck types and road conditions, and a ship voyage from Haifa port in Israel to Marseille, France. Intermittent transient accelerations were segregated from continuous steady-state vibration records and presented separately as Fourier spectrum envelopes. Handling shocks sustained by pallet loads during forklift loading and unloading are also reported.
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Ohkawa, Hiroshi, Yoshisato Ootake, and Shinji Sugahara. "Effects of Cultivating Conditions during Fruit Enlargement on the Browning of Cucumber Fruit during Transportation." Horticultural Research (Japan) 2, no. 1 (2003): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2503/hrj.2.45.
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Magalhães, Mário Jorge Maia de, Roberto Funes Abrahão, and Paulo Ademar Martins Leal. "Manual transportation within the plot and physical damages to bananas." Scientia Agricola 61, no. 1 (February 2004): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162004000100006.
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The manual transportation of banana bunches within plots provokes physical damages to fruits compromising their quality. To assess the influence of the distance banana bunches travel on the shoulders of harvesters within the plot, on the incidence of physical damages present on the peel of fruits of the Nanicão cultivar, two experiments were carried out in the Vale do Ribeira region (SP), in sites with slope < 1%. Each experiment divided the plot in different distance bands, two of which were included in this study: one located far away from the collection roads (30-50 m and 80-100 m distance bands) and another in an intermediate position (70-80 m and 130-150 m distance bands). For each distance band, six banana bunches of 36 mm gauged fruits were randomly sampled. Four banana hands were cut from the middle region of each bunch and ten fruits were assessed per hand, totaling 240 fruits per treatment. Bunches were harvested at the same maturity degree and those served as control were not transported. A total of 1440 fruits was assessed in the two experiments. The physical damages on the fruit surface were graded on a scale with 6 divisions: 0-0.25 cm²; 0.25-0.5 cm²; 0.5-1.0 cm²; 1.0-1.5 cm²; 1.5-2.0 cm²; 2.0-2.5 cm². The bunches transported on the shoulders of harvesters on distances over 70 m suffered increased (P < 0.01) damaged area. Most damages presented areas up to 0.5 cm².
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Shujie Song, Shujie Song, Xue Huang Shujie Song, and Yuchi Li Xue Huang. "Vibrational Bruise Prediction of Harvested Kiwifruits under Transportation based on the BP Neural Network." 網際網路技術學刊 23, no. 2 (March 2022): 391–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/160792642022032302017.
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<p>Vibrational bruise is one of the most common mechanical damages of fruit under transportation. Transportation vibrational bruise prediction can provide important theoretical basis for reducing the bruise and package design. However, there is no related research about the vibrational bruise prediction of fruits. In this study, a vibrational bruise prediction model based on BP neural network was established to predict the vibrational bruise of harvested kiwifruit. The inputs of the prediction model included the vibrational acceleration, vibrational frequency and time, and this network model was trained using adaptive learning rate method based on momentum gradient descent, the vibrational bruise deformation of kiwifruit could be predicted. The results showed that the neural network model has a good prediction effect of vibrational bruise deformation, and the average relative error of predicting vibrational bruise of kiwifruit is 1.32%, and the average absolute error was 0.01, and R2 is 0. 9683. It can provide a weighable theoretical and data reference for the food storage and transportation.</p> <p> </p>
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Величко, Надежда, Nadezhda Velichko, Елизавета Рыгалова, Elizaveta Rygalova, Лидия Шароглазова, Lidia Sharoglazova, Ксения Сутугина, and Ksenia Sutugina. "Effect of Transport and Storage on the Weight and Moisture Loss of Exotic Fruits." Food Processing: Techniques and Technology 49, no. 1 (June 26, 2019): 120–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2074-9414-2019-1-120-126.
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Every year, hundreds of thousands of tons of fruits and vegetables are supplied to the territory of the Russian Federation by exporting producers from different countries. During transportation and storage, the supplied fruits and vegetables undergo various physical and biochemical changes, leading to weight loss and changes in quality indicators. Loss of moisture during transportation is one of the main causes of damage to fruits and vegetables. The relevance of the research topic is determined by the need to minimize the loss of mass and moisture of exotic fruits during transportation and storage in warehouse conditions.Objective: to establish the rates of loss of 10 samples of exotic fruits. The samples included Thai pineapple, Thai watermelon, guava, cantaloupe melon, carambola, Thai mango, papaya of Holland variety, green papaya, passionflower (passion fruit, pitaya). The fruits were transported by air from Thailand (Bangkok) to Krasnoyarsk. The flight duration was 8 hours, flight altitude – 10,000 m. The storage conditions were as follows: temperature – 5–8°C, humidity – 47%, storage time – 10 days in winter period. The paper presents the results obtained for the dynamics of mass and humidity during transportation by air of samples of exotic fruits and during storage in warehouse conditions. It was established that the loss of mass and moisture of exotic fruits in the process of transportation and storage occurred in all samples. The highest percentage of weight loss was observed in Thai mango and amounted to 2.93%. The greatest loss of moisture during storage in warehouses was observed in Thai watermelon (3.5%), the smallest – in Thai pineapple (0.5%). The largest weight loss was set for guava (4.6%), the smallest – for Thai watermelon (0.5%).
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Han, Junming, Tong Li, Yun He, and Quan Gao. "Using Machine Learning Approaches for Food Quality Detection." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (December 31, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6852022.
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Food quality detection is an important method for ensuring food safety. Efficient quality detection methods can improve the efficiency of food circulation and reduce storage and labor costs. Traditional methods use instrumentation, testing reagents, or manual labor. These methods take a long time to detect, are time-consuming and labor-intensive, and require professionals to operate. Fruit, as a high-value food that provides essential nutrition for human beings, is susceptible to spoilage during packaging, transportation, and sales, so the freshness and safety assurance of fruit are a hot and difficult area of current research. Therefore, for the detection of fruit freshness, this paper proposes an efficient and nondestructive way to detect fruit freshness by using the machine learning algorithm convolutional neural network (CNN). This paper shows that convolutional neural networks have good performance in identifying the freshness of fruits through extensive experimental results and discusses the overfitting of machine learning based on the experimental results.
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De Silva, S. J., Udara S. P. R. Arachchige, and A. H. L. R. Nilmini. "Production of Bioethanol using Waste Fruits under Acid and Alkali Catalytic Hydrolysis: A Review." Asian Journal of Chemistry 34, no. 1 (2021): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2022.23466.
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The present world highly depends on petroleum fuels to gain energy for transportation resulting in the vast side of environmental problems such as global warming and air pollution. Due to this, the price of conventional fuel escalating day by day. Accordingly, the world needs renewable, ecologically suitable, cost-effective alternate against fossil fuels. Bioethanol is one of the most usable fuel or fuel additives among the other biofuels. Ingoing qualities of bioethanol such as high-octane number, high oxygen content, and low energy content are revealed that application of bioethanol produced from different types of waste materials feedstock in the transportation and energy sector diminishes environment pollution. It provides a solution for waste management. The world releases a considerable amount of fruits as waste annually. Thereby, fruit waste is the cheapest feedstock to produce bioethanol. Fruit waste such as whole rotten fruits, fruit peels, seeds and other residues consists of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, starch and simple sugars. Conversion of cellulose and hemicellulose to ethanol is vital to advance pretreatment and hydrolysis techniques to obtain maximum ethanol content. The production process of bioethanol from fruit waste mainly contains pretreatment; hydrolysis, saccharification, fermentation and ethanol extracting process (distillation) steps. Yeast (S. cerevisiae) is primarily used in the fermentation process because of its high conversion efficiency, cost-effectiveness and feasibility of handling. Considering the optimum configuration for bioethanol production, simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) is the best commensurate method having maximum bioethanol concentration. The fermentation process could be appreciated through various factors, such as temperature (30-33 ºC), pH of the medium (4-5), time of incubation, feedstock concentration, inoculum size, agitating rate, N sources in the medium to gain high bioethanol concentration.
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M. Chu, K., and A. Abdulrazik. "Optimal Biomass Transportation Model." Journal of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Biotechnology 7, no. 1 (April 29, 2021): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/jceib.v7i1.5642.
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The transportation represents a key proportion of the operational cost for the biomass industries worldwide. As biomasses are mainly carried by trucks for parts of the transportation, the focus of this paper is on the transport of treated and untreated biomass (rice husk, empty fruit bunch, and woody biomass) by large, medium and small trucks. The objectives were to formulate biomass transportation model for transporting treated and untreated biomass resources and to obtain optimal result for selecting the best transportation mode. By screening of biomass types, locations for treated and untreated biomass resources and screening of suitable transportation mode used, the important model parameters were obtained and linear programming for minimizing overall transportation costs was formulated. General Algebraic Modelling System (GAMS) software was used to solve the optimization formulations. From the optimization result obtained by using GAMS, large truck was selected to be the best transportation mode for treated, untreated and hybrid biomass since it showed minimal overall transportation cost.
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Chen, Chen, Xuan-Min Wu, Liu Pan, Ya-Ting Yang, Hai-Bo Dai, Bing Hua, Min-Min Miao, and Zhi-Ping Zhang. "Effects of Exogenous α-Naphthaleneacetic Acid and 24-Epibrassinolide on Fruit Size and Assimilate Metabolism-Related Sugars and Enzyme Activities in Giant Pumpkin." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 21 (October 29, 2022): 13157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232113157.
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Size is the most important quality attribute of giant pumpkin fruit. Different concentrations and application frequencies of α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) were sprayed on the leaves and fruits of giant pumpkin at different growth stages to determine their effects and the mechanism responsible for fruit size increase. NAA+EBR application improved source strength, and further analysis indicated that NAA+EBR markedly boosted net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr) and the expression level and activity of galactitol synthetase (GolS), raffinose synthetase (RS), and stachyose synthetase (STS), resulting in an increase in the synthesis of photoassimilate, especially stachyose. Concomitantly, NAA+EBR spray increased stachyose and sucrose contents throughout pumpkin fruit growth and the concentrations of glucose and fructose at 0 and 20 days post-anthesis (DPA) in peduncle phloem sap, implying that such treatment improved the efficiency of assimilate transport from the peduncle to the fruit. Furthermore, it improved the expression and activity of alkaline α-galactosidase (AGA), facilitating assimilate unloading, providing carbon skeletons and energy for fruit growth, and increasing fruit weight by more than 44.1%. Therefore, exogenous NAA and EBR increased source capacity, transportation efficiency, and sink strength, overall promoting the synthesis and distribution of photoassimilate, ultimately increasing fruit size.
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Qi, Ning Li, Tao Li, Hui Ling Zhou, and Chun Liang Yang. "Survey of Sulfur Dioxide Residues in Litchi Preservation Process in Hainan Province." Applied Mechanics and Materials 713-715 (January 2015): 2920–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.713-715.2920.
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Lychee (LYchee chinensis) is a tropical, subtropical climate zone of special fruit, the“southern good fruit” ,China is the world’ largest producer of litchi, commercial long history of cultivation. Is also one of the most competitive on the international fruit market fruit present. Litchi fruit flavor is unique, colorful, nutrient-rich, loved by the people. But its fruit ripening is in the hot season, due to post-harvest browning (loss of red) and fruit rot rapid deterioration leaving the fruit, post harvest life at room temperature is less than three days, this short postharvest life strictly limits litchi long-distance transportation, sale and consumption.
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Lerspalungsanti, Sarawut, Sasitorn Srisawadi, Naraphorn Haphuriwat Paoprasert, Chadchai Srisurangkul, Narong Pitaksapsin, and Prasit Wattanawongsakun. "New Design Approach for Oil Palm Transportation Processes Using Kano Model and QFD." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 37, no. 3 (2021): 427–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.14372.
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HighlightsApplication of Kano model based on customer’s requirements and quality function deployment for oil palm fresh fruit bunch transportationNew vehicle design based on the analysisCost-benefit analysis comparing new transportation design with an existing oneAbstract. Existing transportation systems have been extensively developed to serve a variety of needs. While most systems of agricultural product transportation are designed for multi-purpose functions, farming activities and agro-processing industries may need specific types of transportation. The main focus of this study was to find a design to fulfil customer transportation requirements for oil palm fresh fruit bunches (FFBs). Since more than 70% of Thai oil palm farmers operate at a small scale with an average oil palm plantation area of 3 to 5 ha, the challenge is not to further develop advanced technology to transport FFBs, but to develop a new design approach that fits the basic needs of farmers. Kano model, based on customer requirements for the oil palm FFB transportation processes, was integrated with quality function deployment method to identify significant design attributes and vehicle specification details. Three dimensions of cost structure—the economic monetary value, time required to complete each step, and product quality—were further considered to compare new transportation design with an existing one. The results verified that the proposed design showed a substantial potential to reduce the cost and processing time of transportation and to increase product quality. Keywords: Cost and benefit analysis, Kano model, Oil palm transportation, QFD, Vehicle design approach.
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Rozana, Rozana, Daud Perdana, and Oktavia Nurmawaty Sigiro. "SIMULASI TRANSPORTASI TOMAT DAN PERUBAHAN MUTU TOMAT SELAMA PENYIMPANAN." Journal of Food Technology and Agroindustry 3, no. 1 (February 23, 2021): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24929/jfta.v3i1.1209.
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Chemical, physical, and microbiological damage of fruits and vegetables can occur during the transportation process. The percentage of damage can reach 30-50% if the treatment during transportation is not carried out properly. The research objective was to determine the quality changes in tomatoes after transportation simulation based on the arrangement of the fruit in cardboard packaging. The treatment in this research is tomato arrangement patterns: the face centered cubic (FCC) arrangement, the traditional arrangement and the jumble (farmer) arrangement. The research begins with a transportation simulation using a vibrating table in a vertical direction, using a frequency range of 3.9 Hz and an amplitude of 5.2 cm. The simulation is carried out in 1 hour. After the simulation at the 1st hour, amount of mechanical damage (bruising) on every package was carried out. The results showed that the pattern of arranging tomatoes in cardboard packaging that gave the least damage was the FCC arrangement pattern. The FCC pattern only causes shrinkage of 0.11% and the smallest amount of mechanical damage (bruising) is 0.64%.
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Dalton Cruz Pessoa, José, and Paula Vanessa da Silva e Silva. "Effect of temperature and storage on açaí (Euterpe oleracea) fruit water uptake: simulation of fruit transportation and pre-processing." Fruits 62, no. 5 (September 2007): 295–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/fruits:2007025.
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Kubota, Chieri, and Mark Kroggel. "Air Temperature and Illumination During Transportation Affect Quality of Mature Tomato Seedlings." HortScience 41, no. 7 (December 2006): 1640–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.7.1640.
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Increasing numbers of greenhouse vegetable growers purchase transplants from specialized transplant propagators. Possible deterioration of transplants during transportation limits the market size as well as the potential sources of high-quality transplants. To determine the best conditions for transportation of seedlings, tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., cv. Durinta) seedlings with visible flower trusses were placed for 4 days inside growth chambers to evaluate the effects of short-term exposure to different air temperatures (6, 13, or a conventional transportation temperature of 19 °C) under darkness or illumination at 12 μmol·m–2·s–1 PPF. Plants were evaluated for visual quality, photosynthetic ability, growth, and fruit yield. Lower temperatures and illumination significantly maintained visual quality of the seedlings. Lower temperature maintained high photosynthetic ability of seedlings during the 4-day treatment. After transplanting in the greenhouse, a significant number of trusses exhibited flower abortion or delayed fruit development when seedlings were treated at 19 °C regardless of light intensity. Results suggested that 6 to 13 °C was the best transportation temperature for up to 4 days, which was later validated by an actual transportation trial between British Columbia and Arizona.
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Mizrahi, Yosef, and Avinoam Nerd. "THE CACTACEAE FAMILY — A POTENTIAL CANDIDATE FOR THE EXOTIC FRUIT INDUSTRY." HortScience 27, no. 6 (June 1992): 604f—604. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.604f.
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Numerous species of cacti were introduced in an attempt to diversify the types of fruit trees cultivable under the conditions of the Israeli Negev Desert. The new species were tested in five introduction orchards varying in type of soil, climate and irrigation water. Fruits of the Hylocereus genus, which must be grown on a trellis system under netting, were found to be of an attractive shape, color, appearance and taste. Cereus peruvianus, which grows outdoors, produced beautiful tasty fruits which varied in color from yellow to deep red. Fruits of these species are of the nonclimacteric type and are capable of withstanding long-distance transportation. Some have to be cross-pollinated while others can be self-pollinated. They flower twice or three times a year, bearing fruits from June to November. These types are characterized by a CAM photosynthetic pathway, pointing to high water use efficiency.
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Mustadin, Mustadin. "OPTIMALISASI TEKNIK RISET OPERASIONAL UNTUK PENGHEMATAN BIAYA TRANSPORTASI PENGIRIMAN BUAH KELAPA SAWIT DENGAN METODE NORTH WEST CORNER ( STUDI KASUS PT.AGRO MUKO)." Jursima 4, no. 2 (November 1, 2016): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.47024/js.v4i2.145.
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<p>PT.Agro Muko is a plantation company that specifically manages the Palm.<br />In the process of management of oil palm plantations starting up to mills, needed a<br />transport process in the delivery of oil palm fruit. A large number of gardens and<br />objectives Shipping Oil Palm cause not optimal transportation costs shipping costs<br />Coconut Oil. North West Corner (NWC) is a method to optimize transportation costs<br />by calculating the total costs, the cost of fares and service delivery. NWC<br />implemented to deal with the cost of shipping oil palm fruit at Muko PT.Agro order<br />to optimize the transportation cost savings. On the data at Muko PT.Agro Coconut<br />Oil shipping costs can be optimized by 3.66% from the current shipping costs. So<br />that transportation costs shipping costs Coconut Oil PT.Agro Muko has been<br />optimal.</p>
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ISHIKAWA, Yutaka, Hiroaki KITAZAWA, and Tsutomu KONNO. "Comparison of Shock during Fruit Export via Air and Marine Transportation." Food Preservation Science 39, no. 1 (2013): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5891/jafps.39.25.
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Zou, Shuaiyu, Puxin Gao, Tianjiao Jia, and Hongwen Huang. "Physicochemical Characteristics and Nutritional Composition during Fruit Ripening of Akebia trifoliata (Lardizabalaceae)." Horticulturae 8, no. 4 (April 13, 2022): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8040326.
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Akebia trifoliata is a high-value medicinal and edible fruit crop in China, and it has begun to be widely cultivated as a new fruit crop in many areas of China. Its fruits crack longitudinally when fully ripe and should be harvested before fruit cracking. Physicochemical characteristics and nutritional composition of the ripening process are prerequisites to establishing proper harvest maturity windows. In the current study, we have investigated the fruit quality characteristics of two A. trifoliata clonal lines (‘Luqing’ and ‘Luyu’) that were harvested at four time points (S1: 120 days after full bloom (DAFB), S2: 134 DAFB, S3: 148 DAFB, S4: 155 DAFB). An increase in fruit size (fruit weight, fruit length, and fruit diameter) was associated with delayed harvest maturity. The firmness of A. trifoliata fruit exhibited a decreasing trend with delaying the harvest stage. In particular, the firmness decreased sharply from S2 to S3 stage. The TSS, fructose, and glucose content in A. trifoliata fruit continuously increased from the S1 to S4 stage and accumulated sharply from S2 to S3 stage. However, the sucrose and starch content showed an increasing trend from the S1 to S2 stage but declined sharply in the S3 or S4 stage. Ascorbic acid progressively increased with the advancement of A. trifoliata maturity stages, while total phenolics and total flavonoids levels declined with fruit ripening. Considering the results of all quality parameters mentioned above, the A. trifoliata fruit harvested at the S3 maturity stage was the ideal harvest maturity for long-distance transportation and higher consumer acceptability before fruit cracking. Our research reveals the dynamic changes in physicochemical characteristics and nutritional composition during fruit ripening of A. trifoliata. Results in this study reflect the importance of maturity stages for fruit quality and provide basic information for optimal harvest management of A. trifoliata.
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Orjuela-Castro, Javier Arturo, Milton Mauricio Herrera-Ramírez, and Wilson Adarme-Jaimes. "Warehousing and transportation logistics of mango in Colombia: A system dynamics model." Revista Facultad de Ingeniería 26, no. 44 (January 25, 2017): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.19053/01211129.v26.n44.2017.5773.
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This paper evaluates the incidence of packing asymmetries, resulted from the use of heterogeneous packaging materials by different mango supply chain actors in Colombia, on performance measures of inventory, transportation, and quality. A system dynamics model was proposed based on the literature review on inventory and transportation logistics, the studies on asymmetries in supply chain, packing, and packaging, and the results of the characterization of the fruit chain logistics in various departments of Colombia from 2012 to 2013. We used the proposed model to test the following hypothesis: “The asymmetry in the packaging, derived from the actors’ individual management, creates inefficiencies that may be avoid if the packaging of the fruit is done thinking on the chain”. The developed simulation model allowed us to prove the proposed dynamic hypothesis. Forrester’s model includes four echelons for the supply chain: production, processing, wholesale, and retail, as well as warehousing, transportation and information.
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Melnikov, Aleksandr Valerievich, Konstantin Olegovich Sibryaev, Maxim Michailovich Gorbachev, and Adel Damirovich Ibadullaev. "Evaluating technological feasibility of fruit and vegetable transportation by sea between ports of Caspian Sea." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Marine engineering and technologies 2021, no. 4 (November 30, 2021): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-1574-2021-4-107-116.
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The modern process of fruit and vegetable transportation between countries depends not only on geographical, but also on political and economic factors, which makes for searching more efficient and shorter routes. The availability of such a transport opportunity as sea transportation between the ports of the Caspian Sea makes it possible to analyze new routes for the product transportation from Iran, Azerbaijan and other countries to Russia using dry cargo vessels that are currently used as the general cargo vessels. There have been analyzed the new routes for transportation of perishable products in refrigerated containers and assessed the possibility of their transportation on the “Volga” type bulk carriers. The routes “Astara (Azerbaijan) - Moscow”, “Astara - port Alat - port Kuryk - Moscow” have been illustrated. A general arrangement drawing of a “Volga” type dry cargo vessel (project 19610) is presented, the photographs of transporting timber and containers on the decks of dry cargo vessels are given. Calculating the load of the dry cargo ship’s power plant has shown a technical possibility of transporting 16 refrigerated containers on deck of the “Volga” type vessel without changes in the design of the ship’s power plant. Conclusions are made about the need to develop effective cargo transportation by waterways in modern conditions of the loss of traditional Russian suppliers of fruit and vegetable products, about the possibility of additional use of dry cargo ships, as well as the feasibility of developing a backup diesel generator for emergency power supply of deck refrigerated containers in connection with a possible increase in the capacity of the ship power plant.
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Kubota*, Chieri, and Mark Kroggel. "Optimization of Long Distance Transportation Conditions for High Quality Tomato Seedlings: Effects of Air Temperature and Light inside Trailers." HortScience 39, no. 4 (July 2004): 896C—896. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.896c.
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Increasing numbers of vegetable growers purchase their transplants from specialized transplant producers. Possible deterioration of transplants during transportation limits the market size as well as the potential sources of high quality transplants. To determine best conditions for transportation of seedlings, tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum; `Durinta') seedlings with visible flower buds were placed for 4 days under varied air temperature (6, 12, or the conventional transportation temperature of 18 °C) and light intensity 0 (conventional darkness) or dim light at 12 μmol·m-2·s-1 PAR). Plants were evaluated for visual quality, photosynthetic capacity, growth and ultimately fruit yield. Lower temperatures and illumination significantly maintained visual quality of the seedlings. Lower temperature maintained high photosynthetic capacity of the seedlings during transportation. Growth and development of the seedlings were significantly affected by higher temperature resulting in significantly delayed growth and development. Number of fruits set on the first truss was significantly reduced when seedlings were at 18 °C during transportation. Overall, simulated transport at 6 °C under light showed the best transportability without experiencing negative impact for the 4-day simulated transportation. Seedlings at 6 °C in darkness and at 12 °C under light and in darkness also showed satisfactory transportability. Seedlings at 18 °C exhibited serious quality deterioration of seedlings, delay in early growth and development, loss of flower buds on the first truss and yield reduction, which agrees with the fact that conventional transportation is currently able to be no longer than 3 days in duration.
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Asoiro, FU, SL Ezeoha, GI Ezenne, and CB Ugwu. "CHEMICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF VELVET TAMARIND FRUIT (DIALIUM GUINEENSE)." Nigerian Journal of Technology 36, no. 1 (December 29, 2016): 252–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v36i1.30.
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Information on chemical properties of fruits is crucial in processing it into different foods. Mechanical properties of fruits determine their susceptibility to mechanical damages that occur during harvest, transportation, and storage; and which eventually lead to a pronounced reduction in commercial value. This study was conducted to investigate the chemical and mechanical properties of unshelled (black), shelled (yellow) and kernel of Dialium guineense fruit. The chemical properties investigated include some proximate and mineral elements. The mechanical properties were bio-yield force, rupture force, deformation at rupture point, deformation ratio at rupture point, compressive strength and total strain energy. The fruit pulp was found to be composed of protein (9.4%), carbohydrate (75%), crude fat (5.2%), crude fibre (4.6%), and ash content (2.4%) at 19% moisture content (wb). The mineral composition of the pulp were sodium (3.2 g/kg), magnesium (2.9 g/kg), phosphorus (0.5 g/kg), calcium (0.5 g/kg), iron (0.1 g/kg), and vitamin C (0.3 g/kg) at a pH of 3.9. Less force is required to crack the fruit across the length, followed by across the thickness and then across the width. Velvet tamarind (Dialium guineense) fruit pulp is a promising source of food and essential minerals due to its nutritional values, hence facilitating its postharvest processing is inevitable. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v36i1.30
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Inagamov, S. Ya, G. G. Tajibaev, Z. B. Tursunova, N. B. Sadikova, and D. Z. Narzullaev. "Composition and technology of drying fruit of the medicinal plant “Capparis spinosa L.” and its study." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 979, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 012100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/979/1/012100.
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Abstract This paper considers the study of the composition and development of technology for drying the fruit of the medicinal plant "spiny capers - Capparis spinosa L." grown in the Namangan region (Uzbekistan). The conducted experiments proved the presence in the composition of the medicinal plant fruit "spiny capers - Capparis spinosa L." of vital vitamins, macro- and microelements. For ease and convenience of transportation, as well as for long-term storage, a technological drying process has been developed to dry the fruit of the medicinal plant "spiny capers - Capparis spinosa L." The process of drying the fruit of the medicinal plant "spiny capers - Capparis spinosa L." was carried out at the installation of a multi-belt dryer by supplying a heat carrier with a temperature of 55-60°C for 120-180 minutes. Hot air is used as a heat carrier. Also, the optimum temperature for drying the fruit of the medicinal plant "spiny capers - Capparis spinosa L." was studied. As a result of the experiments, it was shown that burning in the fruits of spiny capers medicinal plant is observed when dried at a temperature of 80°C and above. It has also been proven that the drying temperature of the fruit of the studied medicinal plant in the range of 60-70°C is optimal.
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SEN, Fatih, Rustu Efe OKSAR, Mina GOLKARIAN, and Sevde YALDIZ. "Quality Changes of Different Sweet Cherry Cultivars at Various Stages of the Supply Chain." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 42, no. 2 (December 2, 2014): 501–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha4229596.
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Transportation of sweet cherry fruits to distant markets and further marketing processes often takes approximately 2-3 weeks. The present study investigates the quality changes during this time period at three stages for three sweet cherry cultivars: ‘Early Burlat’, ‘Napoleon’, and ‘0900 Ziraat’. Following pre-cooling, the sweet cherries were placed in modified atmosphere packages and exposed to the following stages for the indicated durations: transportation (T) [8 days at 2 °C and 85% relative humidity (RH)]; distribution center (DC) (4 days at 6.5 °C and 80% RH), and shelf-life (SL) (2 days at 19 °C and 70% RH). Weight losses at the end of the SL stage were 3.11, 3.18, and 2.74%, respectively in ‘Early Burlat’, ‘Napoleon’ and ‘0900 Ziraat’.Fruit firmness decreased after SL as compared to that at other stages and was more remarkable in ‘0900 Ziraat’. Decreased Chroma values which indicates, the intensity or color saturation were observed in all cultivars, whereas decreased hue angle values colours expressed in degrees were observed in the ‘Early Burlat’ and ‘0900 Ziraat’. In addition, a decrease was noted in the titratable acidity of all cultivars at the end of SL. The total soluble solids, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activities were similar for all cultivars at all stages. The visual appearance scores of ‘Early Burlat’ cherries decreased at the end of SL, because of development of pitting on the fruit surface. The fruit quality changes were limited at T and DC stages; however, these changes became more distinctive during the SL period. It was thus concluded that the SL duration and conditions were of the highest significance with regard to maintenance of the sweet cherry fruit quality.
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Zhang, Mingkong, Xiaobing Hu, and Jingai Wang. "A Method to Assess and Reduce Pollutant Emissions of Logistic Transportation under Adverse Weather." Sustainability 11, no. 21 (October 26, 2019): 5961. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11215961.
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With the increase of vehicle activities and adverse weather under the background of modernization and global warming, more attention should be paid to vehicle emissions reduction in such circumstances for environmental protection and sustainable transportation. Different from some typical measures, e.g., relevant government policies, improvement of vehicle hardware technologies, and optimization of traffic management, this paper develop a new method based on emergency path optimization to evaluate and reduce pollutant emissions of logistic transportation under adverse weather. Firstly, we establish a calculation model of pollutant emissions (LT-PE model) to calculate the amount of vehicle pollutant emissions produced under adverse weather. Then, a co-evolving path optimization (CEPO) method-based ripple-spreading algorithm is proposed in order to reduce pollutant emissions. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, this paper selects fruit logistics transportation affected by typhoon in China’s Hainan Island as a case study. The results show that total vehicle pollutant emissions from the fruit transportation of 35 farms under the typhoon are 28.1% more than when there is no typhoon. The proposed method can reduce pollutant emissions by 21.2% compared with the traditional methods under typhoon.
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AGIRBOV, YU I., M. A. ROMANYUK, and G. K. ZHANCHAROVA. "RUSSIA AND OTHER COUNTRIES IN THE GLOBAL FRUIT AND BERRY MARKET." Izvestiâ Timirâzevskoj selʹskohozâjstvennoj akademii, no. 6 (2021): 129–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/0021-342x-2021-6-129-147.
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Among other countries of the world, Russia is one of the crucial subjects of the world market for fruit and berry produce. The objects of this market are numerous types of fruits, berries, and nuts. Most of them have been known to man since ancient times and have been in international trade since the first civilizations. The kiwi, for example, was cultivated relatively recently and did not appear on the world market until the second half of the 20th century. The development of technologies for the production, storage, processing, and transportation of fruit and berry produce and foreign economic liberalization increased both global gross harvests of fruits, berries and nuts, and the corresponding parameters of their export and import. These trends have significantly intensified in the last thirty years. By the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations’ statistics (FAO) of 1992–2019, the authors analyzed the changed volumes of production, export, and import of fruit and berry produce in the world as a whole, as well as in individual leading countries. A change in the positions of some countries, including Russia, was revealed in the global rankings on gross harvest, exports, and imports. Although in 2019, our country ranked only the 31st in the world in terms of fruit and berry production, Russia is one of the world’s largest importers of fruits, berries, and nuts. For example, in 2003–2014 it followed the USA and Germany by this indicator. In 2014–2018 it was the fourth country. In 2019, Russia moved to fifth place in this rating of the leading importers of fruit and berry produce. In 2020, FAO declared 2021 the International Year of Fruits and Vegetables. In this regard, the stated problem of identifying our country’s place in the world market for fruit and berry produce is very relevant both from the point of view of its participation in global production volumes and the parameters of international trade in these types of goods.
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Fatima, Sumia. "Introduction to major post-harvest diseases of guava." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9, no. 4 (September 30, 2019): 591–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i4.3592.
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Guava fruits are attacked by several fungi, bacteria and other agents causing different types of disease symptoms. The injured guavas get infected by fungal forms during transportation and storage periods. Over 25 to 30 per cent loss of fruits are caused by fungal diseases in transit and storage. The common fungal forms easily penetrate into injured fruits in godown during storage period. The mycoflora isolated from infected fruits of guava collected from fruit store houses was Alternaria, Aspergillus, Colletotrichum, and Curvularia. Fusarium, Monilia, Penicillium, Pestalotia, Phytopthora and Rhizopus as noted in table. Each post harvest fungus causes a particular type of symptoms. Different types of symptoms caused by post harvest fungi observed and noted in table.
Keywords: Guava, post-harvest mycoflora, rot symptoms,