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1
Telleria, Gabriel Martin. "From Vandals to Vanguard: Vanguardism through a Neoinstitutional Lens: Case Study of the Sandinista National Liberation Front." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27137.
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The Sandinista Revolution is arguably the most significant event in Nicaraguan history. Because of its historical importance and distinctive socio-cultural context, the Sandinista Revolution offers significant opportunities for scholarly inquiry. The literature on the Sandinista Revolution is substantial. However, little is known about the organization Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) and how it evolved into the leader of the movement which sought to overthrow the 45-year Somoza dictatorship. In revolutionary literature, the concept of revolutionary vanguard or vanguard party is common. However, the notion of vanguardism as a process and what constitutes a vanguardist organization is yet to be explored. This study aims to provide such an investigation, through an examination of the insurrectional period (1974-1979) leading up to the Sandinista Revolutionary Victory in 1979. Grounded in Scottâ s (2008) institutional framework, this study describes the evolution of the FSLN into the vanguard of the anti-Somoza movement, identifying relationships between institutional elements involved in the FSLNâ s institutionalization process and progression into â leaderâ of the movement. Data from interviews, newspaper articles, and video documentaries were scrutinized in search of answers to the question: How do mechanisms, carriers, and agency as elements of institutions explain vanguardism in the case study of the FSLN? This research reveals critical mechanisms, carriers and agency in the vanguardism of the FSLN, and explains how these elements supported this process. In this sense, this research reveals distinctive characteristics in vanguardism as an institutional process, which differentiate vanguardism from other processes. This research presents an opportunity to learn about the FSLN-a vastly unique politico-military organization. Additionally, there is an opportunity to broaden our observational lens, taking a neoinstitutional approach, to illustrate new ways in which organizations evolve, change and adapt to their environments. Lastly, this study hopes to pave the way for future studies in organizational vanguardism.Ph. D.
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Salgado, Maria Mercedes. "Recrutamento em movimentos de alto risco: o caso da Frente Sandinista de Libertação Nacional (FSLN) da Nicarágua." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8132/tde-20072016-171022/.
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O objetivo dessa pesquisa é explicar quais os motivos que levaram os ativistas da Frente San-dinista de Libertação Nacional (FSLN) da Nicarágua a se engajarem em um movimento de alto risco. Argumenta-se que o recrutamento ocorreu nas diferentes fases do movimento e, para explicá-lo, foram reconstruídas as oportunidades políticas para o surgimento da Frente Sandinista; as razões da escolha do repertório de confronto violento; a combinação desse re-pertório com outro não violento; o processo de constituição da liderança de Carlos Fonseca e seu papel angular na construção dos enquadramentos interpretativos sandinistas que atraíram os ativistas para a mobilização. A dissertação analisa também o perfil sociopolítico de ativis-tas de alto risco atuantes no caso estudado, aferindo suas semelhanças e diferenças em compa-ração com participantes de outros movimentos revolucionários latino-americanos. Procura-se identificar fatores individuais e estruturais que levaram esses ativistas a se decidirem por tal tipo de engajamento. Foram utilizadas técnicas de pesquisa quantitativa e qualitativa para ana-lisar 121 entrevistas em profundidade das e dos ativistas da Frente Sandinista. Os resultados afiançam que os motivos para engajamento no ativismo de alto risco foram: uma profunda identificação com o antissomozismo propalado pelo movimento, facilitada pela disponibilida-de biográfica dos ativistas e por seus laços sociais, prévios ao seu engajamento, em particular vínculos organizacionais, com os movimentos estudantil e religioso, e vínculos pessoais, via amigos e familiares.The objective of this research is to explain the motives that led the activists of the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) of Nicaragua to engage in a high-risk movement. As re-cruitment occurred in different phases of the movement, it was rebuilt the political opportuni-ties for the emergence of the Sandinista Front; the reasons for the choice of violent confronta-tion repertoire; the combination of this repertoire with a nonviolent repertoire; the leadership of Carlos Fonseca and its angular role in the construction of the Sandinistas interpretive frameworks that attracted activists to mobilize. Once rebuilt the movement\'s bases, analyzed the overall profile and high risk of activists, assessing their similarities and differences com-pared to participants from other Latin American revolutionary movements; and individual and structural factors that led these activists decided on this type of engagement. Quantitative and qualitative research techniques were used to analyze 121 in-depth interviews of activists and the Sandinista Front. The results bail that the reasons for engaging in high-risk activism were a deep identification with the anti-somozismo movement, facilitated by biographical availabil-ity of activists and their social ties, organizational and individual, prior to their engagement. Ties with the student movement and religious prevail between (the) recruited (them), as well as strong ties with friends and family.
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Carroll-Davis, Lisa Marie. "Constructing a nation : evaluating the discursive creation of national community under the FSLN government in Nicaragua (1979-1990)." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2012. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/374759/.
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This thesis aims to examine the ways in which national identity can be discursively created within a state. I consider the case of Nicaragua in the 1980s and investigate how the government of the Sandinista Front for National Liberation (FSLN) established a conception of the national in the country through official discourse. Despite various studies into the political situation of Nicaragua during this time period, little research has been done in the role of language in constructing a sense of national identification in the country, and this thesis is a contribution to addressing that gap in the research, following the examples of Ruth Wodak et al. (1999) and Nicolina Montesano Montessori (2009). I challenge the dominant Eurocentric theories on national identity as to their relevance in a Latin American context. Particularly, Anderson (2006), Smith (1991), Gellner (1983) and Hobsbawm (1990) are shown to each have partial applicability to studies of the region, but ultimately are not sufficient in themselves to fully address the unique circumstances seen in Latin America. I propose that two other elements must be included as contributing elements to national identity formation: radical Marxism and liberation theology. In analysing the data, I adopt a critically oriented discourse analysis approach as I research the strategies employed in a government led redefinition of the nation. Applying the discourse-historical approach (Wodak et al. 1999), I probe the data for particular structures aimed at creating hegemony over the discursive terrain. Through a comparison of three separate corpora composed of government publications, opposition publications and ethnographic interviews, I consider the questions of how the FSLN discursively created a sense of national community and whether and how that discourse was adopted by non-governmental actors. In answering these questions, the discourses are situated in the specific cultural, political and historical milieu of post-revolutionary Nicaragua.
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Sá, Roger dos Anjos de. "A revolução sandinista: do triunfo à derrota (1979-1990)." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/4063.
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In July 1979, the Sandinista Revolution triumphed in Nicaragua, thus constituting a political framework of great importance for the history of the last quarter of the twentieth century. In front of the revolutionary process, was the FSLN (Sandinista National Liberation Front), an organization founded in the early 1960s inspired by Augusto César Sandino, a nationalist who fought against the domination exerted by the United States of America in that country in the late 1920s and in the beginning of next decade. Sandino was assassinated at the behest of the then chief of the National Guard, Anastasio Somoza García, in 1934. In 1937, Somoza took over the government of Nicaragua inaugurating the longest of all dictatorships of America, which lasted until 1979. Associated various political ideologies derived from various social segments the FSLN led a popular uprising that toppled the dictatorship and began a period of intense disputes and social, economic and political transformations in Nicaragua. The tactic of economic transformation was conducted by the mixed economy and the political model was guided by plurality. Meanwhile the Sandinista Front sought to consolidate its hegemony through the cooptation of popular and mass organizations and also through the establishment of an Army. A few years after the revolutionary triumph came one armed counterrevolution, what made the consigning a war that consumed in huge sums of money following years and a concentration in military defense of the Revolution. The counterrevolutionary forces were formed under the auspices of the American government of Ronald Reagan. In this sense, the period between 1979 and 1990, Nicaragua became an important center of American interference, which combined the groups opposing the Sandinista Front, mainly the bourgeoisie and the upper hierarchy of the Catholic Church constituted together, armed groups, the cons, who fought with the government a civil war. The Sandinista Revolution lasted until 1990, when the FSLN was defeated electorally by a counterrevolutionary coalition called UNO (National Union Opposition) that was financed by the United States.
Em julho de 1979, a Revolução Sandinista triunfou na Nicarágua, constituindo assim um marco político de grande relevância para a história do último quartel do século XX. Na dianteira do processo revolucionário, estava a FSLN (Frente Sandinista de Libertação Nacional), organização fundada no início da década de 1960 inspirada em Augusto César Sandino, um nacionalista que lutou contra a dominação exercida pelos Estados Unidos da América naquele país no final dos anos 1920 e no início da década seguinte. Sandino foi assassinado a mando do então chefe da Guarda Nacional, Anastásio Somoza García, em 1934. Em 1937, Somoza assumiu o governo da Nicarágua, inaugurando a mais longa de todas as ditaduras da América, que durou até 1979. Associados a diversas ideologias políticas oriundas de variados segmentos sociais, a FSLN liderou uma insurreição popular que derrubou a ditadura e iniciou um período de intensas disputas e transformações sociais, econômicas e políticas na Nicarágua. A tática de transformação econômica foi conduzida pela economia mista e o modelo político foi pautado pela pluralidade. Entrementes a Frente Sandinista buscou consolidar sua hegemonia mediante a cooptação de organizações populares e de massa e também através da constituição de um Exército. Poucos anos após o triunfo revolucionário, surgiu uma contrarrevolução armada, o que fez com que se consignasse uma situação de guerra que consumiu nos anos seguintes enormes somas monetárias e uma concentração na defesa militar da Revolução. As forças contrarrevolucionárias foram formadas sob a tutela do governo norte-americano de Ronald Reagan. Neste sentido, no período entre 1979 e 1990, a Nicarágua tornou-se um importante polo da ingerência norte-americana, que aliada a grupos opostos a Frente Sandinista, principalmente à burguesia e à alta hierarquia da Igreja Católica, constituíram juntos grupos armados, os contras, que travaram com o governo uma guerra civil. A Revolução Sandinista durou até 1990, quando a FSLN foi derrotada eleitoralmente por uma coalização contrarrevolucionária denominada UNO (União Nacional Opositora), financiada pelos Estados Unidos.
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Santos, Flores Kevin A. "The Reason the Reagan Administration Overthrew the Sandinista Government." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1268941542.
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Hama, Ayumi. "Between Hope and Despair: The UN Observer Missions of ONUCA and MINURSO." Ohio : Ohio University, 2009. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1244498516.
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Poli, Marianna. "Valutazione di software per l'analisi di dati clinici di spettroscopia di risonanza magnetica cerebrale." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/24333/.
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L’Imaging a Risonanza Magnetica (MRI) e la Spettroscopia di Risonanza Magnetica (MRS) sono strumenti preziosi per indagare in modo non invasivo l’anatomia e le funzioni del cervello umano. Le informazioni estratte dai dati MRI e MRS possono essere utilizzate come biomarker per lesioni cerebrali.
La spettroscopia studia i metaboliti presenti in una regione di interesse e il profilo metabolico della regione dipende dal tipo di tessuto che è stato selezionato.
Per questa Tesi abbiamo applicato la pipeline FAST del tool FSL-MRS di una software library, FSL, sviluppata per l’analisi delle immagini e per la statistica dei dati provenienti da immagini di risonanza magnetica. La pipeline è stata applicata al dataset anonimizzato dell’IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, ospedale Bellaria delle acquisizioni di spettroscopia cerebrale di RM in diverse localizzazioni del cervello, che costituiscono il pool di dati di volontari sani utilizzati come riferimento per le valutazioni cliniche in ambito neurologico.
L’algoritmo FAST calcola la segmentazione, ovvero la percentuale di tessuti cerebrali (sostanza bianca, sostanza grigia e liquido cefalorachidiano), nei voxel indagati dalla Spettroscopia di RM. È stata poi valutata la bontà della segmentazione per poter procedere con ulteriori studi indirizzati specificatamente al tessuto della regione interessata.
Si è scelto di utilizzare FSL perché è un software free e utilizza un approccio come quello di LCModel (http://lcmodel.ca/lcm-license.shtml) che è il software maggiormente utilizzato in questo ambito ed è solo recentemente diventato gratuito. Inoltre FSL offre dei tool aggiuntivi come quello della segmentazione che è stato valutato in questa Tesi.
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Pidcock, Andrew H. "FSL : a language for constraint programming with booleans and reals." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=69644.
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In this thesis, we present FSL, a constraint programming language for numerical computation in booleans, integers and reals. FSL is a functions-with-state language, meaning that in addition to the usual numerical operations, the user can declare and use functions that can have states, much like sequential boolean circuits, or objects in object-oriented programming. Despite this feature, FSL's input is entirely in the form of equations with a minimum of additional syntax.A users' manual for FSL and some examples of the problems it was applied to introduce the language and its uses. The design of the FSL language is discussed, and then an overview of the implementation of the interactive FSL interpreter is given, followed by complete details, suitably organized and indexed for maintenance and continuation of the project. A full tutorial of the CASE tools Lex and Yacc is included, detailing the specific example of FSL and the interaction of the tools in the design of a parser.
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Lamarre, Patricia Grace. "The structure and organization of professional development : perceptions of FSL teachers." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28097.
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Two developmental theories propose guidelines for professional development programs. The basic assumption shared by both these theories is that teachers' preferences will vary between individuals and that this variation reflects different stages of teachers' development. Teachers at lower levels of development (either professional or conceptual) will prefer highly structured programs that focus on "concrete" concerns, with little interaction between peers. Teachers at higher levels of development will prefer loosely structured programs, with more teacher interaction, autonomy, and discussion of theoretical problems underlying "concrete" issues.
This study investigated: 1) FSL teachers' preferences for decision-making roles and for content in professional development programs; 2) FSL teacher characteristics possibly influencing teachers' preferences for professional development.
Teachers' preferences were measured using an instrument developed by the researcher. The survey consisted of two parts:
1) A section on teachers' characteristics, providing a profile of the teacher's background and current professional development opportunities;
2) A questionnaire on teachers' preferences for structure and content in professional development programs. The survey was answered by 132 teachers from 12 school districts in British Columbia (12.2% of all French teachers in British Columbia).
The findings showed that respondents would like to actively participate in professional development programs. Teachers' preferences for structure and content were varied. This supports one basic assumption of developmental approaches: that the learning environment and material of professional development programs should be designed to meet the varied needs of teachers.
Teachers did not express a preference for lower level content and a directive structure of professional development. While professional development programs should address the varied needs of participating teachers, it should not be aimed primarily at lower levels of development, as can be assumed from the findings of developmental research.
When teachers' characteristics were examined as possible factors influencing teachers' preferences for structure and content, no significant differences were observed between teacher characteristics and their preferences for content. Significant differences were observed between teacher characteristics and teachers' preferences for structure (decision-making roles). Two teacher characteristics showed significance: 1) Grade level taught by FSL teachers and their preference for structure in the presentation of professional development content. A significant number of elementary school teachers preferred to leave responsibility for presentation with a supervisor. A significant number of secondary teachers preferred a collaborative structure.
2) Significant differences were observed between teachers' current professional development opportunities and their preferences for decision-making roles in a professional development structure. A significant number of teachers that had previously had responsibility for decision-making expressed a preference for a non-directive structure. Teachers that had never had responsibility preferred to leave decision-making to a supervisor.
From these results, it can be concluded that teacher characteristics might be influencing teachers' preferences and should be taken into account by organizers of professional development. The responsibility experienced by teachers in their current professional development activities would appear to be a factor influencing their preferences for future responsibility. The importance of environment in stimulating growth would appear to be a factor deserving the consideration of both practitioners intending to adopt a developmental approach and researchers in this area.Education, Faculty of
Language and Literacy Education (LLED), Department of
Graduate
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Norberg, Erica. "Förstudie gällande dokumentering ochöverlämning av projekt vid fältenhetenshandläggare inom FSO och FSL." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-80320.
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Greis, Andrea. "Charakterisierung der pyrogenen Eigenschaften des Fibroblasten-stimulierenden Lipopeptids-1 (FSL-1) beim Meerschweinchen." Giessen : VVB Laufersweiler, 2007. http://geb.uni-giessen.de/geb/volltexte/2007/4756/index.html.
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Gomes, Maria Jakelyn Dias de Faria. "Processamento de imagens BOLD de Ressonância Magnética do músculo através da técnica ICA." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/10915.
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Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em
Engenharia BiomédicaA presente dissertação de mestrado, tem como objectivo o processamento de imagens Blood Oxygen Level Dependent (BOLD), dos músculos da perna, quando submetidos a exercício intenso até ser atingida a fadiga muscular, recorrendo à técnica de processamento Independent Component Analysis (ICA). A ICA é um método estatístico utilizado para descobrir factores escondidos, procura decompor os dados em mapas espaciais independentes e em gráficos da variação no tempo, nos quais idealmente cada um representaria diferentes artefactos ou padrões de activação. Esta técnica foi aplicada com carácter exploratório no presente estudo, pretendendo-se encontrar dados relevantes, que de outro modo não seriam possíveis. As imagens BOLD utilizadas neste estudo foram adquiridas durante a realização de uma dissertação anterior a esta, realizada por Ana Rita Pereira com o tema: "Processamento de Imagens BOLD de Ressonância Magnética do Músculo". O paradigma utilizado foi o salto unipedal, executado em posição ortostática, permitindo atingir a fadiga muscular em poucos minutos. O pré-processamento das imagens foi feito com o software OsiriX e FMRIB Software Library (FSL) e o processamento foi feito com o software FSL. Os resultados permitiram verificar que a análise efectuada não permitiu separar cada componente em diferentes mapas espaciais. Verificou-se que as variáveis (músculos e fluxo sanguíneo nos vasos sanguíneos) não são independentes. Desta forma, não foi possível verificar isoladamente activação nos diferentes músculos a analisar, o gastrocnémio e trícipete sural para cada voluntário. Verificou-se uma elevada activação nos músculos flexores e extensores dos dedos dos pés e uma elevada activação decorrente do fluxo sanguíneo nos vasos sanguíneos.
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Wernicke-Heinrichs, Meike. "Authenticating "non-native speaker teacher" professional identity in French as a second language (FSL) education." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/45145.
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This qualitative multiple case study considered language teacher identity and what it means to “be authentic” as a teacher of French. It investigated the identity construction of 87 French as a second language (FSL) teachers from British Columbia who participated in a two-week professional development sojourn to France in 2009. The study examined how participants described their experiences abroad in relation to their teaching practices in Canada, and how these accounts made evident particular understandings of cultural and linguistic authenticity. The analysis focused on the way participants’ narratives served to authenticate (Bucholtz, 2003) L2 teacher identity and how conceptions of authentic language and L2 learning and teaching represented both constraining and productive ways of “being” a certain kind of FSL teacher.
Broadly situated within a practice theory framework, FSL teacher identity was first
considered through a wide-scale analysis of data from the larger cohort of BC teachers, followed by a micro-analytic examination of individual processes of identification “performed” by seven
focal participants. The analyses highlighted the extent to which the “FSL teacher” category, grounded in a “native speaker” ideology, ultimately informed the identity constructions of each
individual teacher. The various identity positionings manifested by focal participants shed light on a complex of language ideologies relevant in discourses operating within the FSL profession
in Canada with implications for what it means to be practicing as “non-native speaker teacher” in
this context.
Given current empirical emphasis on the sociolinguistic and cultural aspects of language
learning and teaching (Firth & Wagner, 1997; Lafford, 2007), the present study answers a recent
call in applied linguistics for a more rigorous analysis of identity which moves away from the
idea of identity as a simple collection of essentialist categories (Dervin & Kramsch, 2011). It does so by foregrounding a discursive-constructionist orientation and attending to the
interactional nature of identity construction, along with a thoroughgoing consideration of
researcher reflexivity. The study makes significant contributions to applied linguistics research in
the areas of study abroad, L2 teacher development and identity, and the workings of prevalent
ideologies informing L2 language teaching and research.
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McGregor, Jessica. "Guiding Students to Pursue French: The Guidance Counsellor’s Perspective in the Decision to Continue FSL." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35580.
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This exploratory case study investigated the role secondary school guidance counsellors believed they played in the course selection process, especially regarding the continuation of French as a second language (FSL). As new initiatives have been recently introduced to increase retention in all FSL programs throughout Ontario (OME, 2013a), this study also sought to identify the factors guidance counsellors believed contributed to students continuing (or not continuing) the study of FSL past the mandatory Grade 9 credit. The following research questions guided this study: (1) How do guidance counsellors describe the process of course selection, with regards to FSL in particular?; (2) How do guidance counsellors view their role in the course selection process?; and (3) What do guidance counsellors identify as factors that contribute to students continuing (or not continuing) the study of FSL past Grade 9? Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 guidance counsellors from 12 schools across one school board in Ontario. Analysis of the insights shared by guidance counsellors highlight the complexities of the course selection process, as well as the strategies and tools they each used to prepare students to make the most informed decisions regarding their course selection. When counselling students about continuing optional FSL courses after Grade 9, participants expressed that they would encourage the pursuit of FSL courses, if the topic was student initiated. Emerging evidence showed that core French and French immersion students were counselled differently, with the latter receiving more attention if they expressed a desire to leave the program. Finally, guidance counsellors identified a wide variety of reasons they believed affected retention and attrition rates at their schools, with the most common being for future employment purposes and not seeing the value in learning French.
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Priego, Sabrina. "AN E-MAIL TANDEM LEARNING PROJECT INVOLVING ESL AND FSL SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS: A SOCIOCULTURAL PERSPECTIVE." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24863/24863.pdf.
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Thèse (Ph.D.)--Université Laval, 2007.Comprend un résumé en anglais et en français. Bibliogr.: f. 335-351. Publié aussi en version électronique dans la Collection Mémoires et thèses électroniques.
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Greis, Andrea [Verfasser]. "Charakterisierung der pyrogenen Eigenschaften des Fibroblasten-stimulierenden Lipopeptids-1 (FSL-1) beim Meerschweinchen / eingereicht von Andrea Greis." Giessen : VVB Laufersweiler, 2007. http://d-nb.info/988716267/34.
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Gonçalves, Josemir de Souza [UNESP]. "Amido e fibra solúvel em detergente neutro em dietas para ovinos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104959.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Os objetivos deste trabalho foram verificar os efeitos das relações amido:fibra solúvel em detergente neutro (FSDN) das dietas sobre os parâmetros ruminais, digestivos e de desempenho de ovinos Dorper x Santa Inês. As dietas foram caracterizadas pelas altas concentrações de amido (25%MS) ou de FSDN (25%MS) ou concentrações equivalentes destes nutrientes (18%amido+18%fibra solúvel na MS). No primeiro experimento foram utilizados seis borregos canulados ruminalmente, distribuídos em delineamento quadrado latino duplo (3 dietas x 3 períodos) para avaliação ruminal da concentração de amônia, pH e qualificação de massa microbiana. O segundo experimento avaliou o consumo, a digestibilidade total da matéria seca e dos nutrientes e os balanços de nitrogênio e energia das dietas experimentais, utilizando 15 borregos distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. No terceiro experimento realizou-se um confinamento utilizando 24 borregos não castrados distribuídos em delineamento em blocos completos casualizados. Após 74 dias de confinamento os animais foram avaliados quanto ao ganho em peso, consumo, conversão e eficiência alimentar. Posteriormente foram abatidos e avaliados quanto ao peso de abate, características de carcaças e composição química do músculo Longissimus. Os valores de pH (6,29) não diferiam (P>0,05) entre as dietas enquanto que a maior concentração de amônia foi encontrada para a dieta com 25% de FSDN. Aproximadamente 60% dos microrganismos ruminais estavam associados a fase líquida, contudo as dietas não interferiram (P>0,05) na população microbiana ruminal. Elevados coeficientes de digestibilidade foram observados, independentementemente do tipo de carboidrato solúvel utilizado em maior proporção. O consumo de matéria seca foi menor para a dieta FSDN (1,075 kg) quanto comparado às demais dietas, afetando a maioria das variáveis...
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary starch:neutral detergent soluble fiber (NDSF) relation on ruminal, digestibility and performance of Dorper x Santa Inês ram lambs. The diets were characterized by high concentrations of starch (25% DM) or NDSF (25% DM) or equivalent concentrations of these nutrients (18% starch +18% soluble fiber at MS). In the first experiment six lambs with ruminal cannula were used, distributed in Latin square design (3 diets x 3 periods) to assess ruminal ammonia concentration, pH and classification of microbes. The second experiment assessed intake, total digestibility of dry matter and nutrients and nitrogen balance and energy of diets, using 15 lambs distributed in a completely randomized design. In the third experiment ram lambs were distributed in a complete randomized block design. After 74 days of confinement all animals were evaluated weight gain, intake, feed conversion and efficience. Later were slaughter and evaluated by slaughter weight, carcass characteristics and Longissimus chemical composition. Average pH (6.29) did not differ (P>0.05) amoung diets while the highest concentration of ammonia was found for the diet with 25% of NDSF. Approximately 60% of ruminal microorganisms were associated with the liquid phase, however the diets did not affect (P>0.05) ruminal microbial populations. High digestibility coefficients were observed, regardless of the type of soluble carbohydrate used. Dry matter intake was lower (P<0.05) for NDSF (1.075 kg) compared to the other diets, affecting most of the performance variables. It is recommended the use of diets with 18% starch and 18% of fsdn to sheep fed high proportions of concentrate
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Killgore, William D. S., Ryan Smith, Elizabeth A. Olson, Mareen Weber, Scott L. Rauch, and Lisa D. Nickerson. "Emotional intelligence is associated with connectivity within and between resting state networks." OXFORD UNIV PRESS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626076.
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Emotional intelligence (EI) is defined as an individual's capacity to accurately perceive, understand, reason about, and regulate emotions, and to apply that information to facilitate thought and achieve goals. Although EI plays an important role in mental health and success in academic, professional and social realms, the neurocircuitry underlying this capacity remains poorly characterized, and no study to date has yet examined the relationship between EI and intrinsic neural network function. Here, in a sample of 54 healthy individuals (28 women, 26 men), we apply independent components analysis (ICA) with dual regression to functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data acquired while subjects were resting in the scanner to investigate brain circuits (intrinsic resting state networks) whose activity is associated with greater self-reported (i.e. Trait) and objectively measured (i.e. Ability) EI. We show that higher Ability EI, but not Trait EI, is associated with stronger negatively correlated spontaneous fMRI signals between the basal ganglia/limbic network (BGN) and posterior default mode network (DMN), and regions involved in emotional processing and regulation. Importantly, these findings suggest that the functional connectivity within and between intrinsic networks associated with mentation, affective regulation, emotion processing, and reward are strongly related to ability EI.
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Watson, Melissa. "Endogenous markers of nitric oxide in the Flinders sensitive line (FSL) rat : a genetic animal model of depression / Melissa Watson." Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4923.
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The rising number of the population that present with major depressive disorder has intensified the need to identify and elucidate new biological markers for the diagnosis and treatment of depression. Depression presents with evidence of changes in the nitric oxide (NO) pathway. In this study, levels of various endogenous markers of the NO cascade, viz. nitrite (NO2–), asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA) and arginase II activity, were investigated in the Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL) rat, a genetic animal model of depression.
The aim of the current study was to determine if there are differences between these markers in the plasma of the FSL rat compared to its healthy control, the (Flinders Resistant Line) FRL rat, with the possibility of considering their use as biomarkers of depression. Nitrite was chosen as metabolite over nitrate (NO3–) because the dietary intake of nitrite and/or nitrate does not significantly affect nitrite (NO2–) levels in plasma. Although this is of no significance if applied to rats, it is an important factor to be considered when doing clinical studies.
For neurochemical determination of nitrite a sensitive fluorometric reversed phase high–performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay was developed to analyze nitrite in human and rat plasma. Derivatization of sample nitrite was performed with 2,3–diaminonaphthalene (DAN) followed by the quantification of the stable and highly fluorescent product, 2,3–naphthotriazole (NAT).
Determination of arginase II activity was performed by measuring L–arginine and L–ornithine concentrations in the plasma, while ADMA was measured simultaneously with L–arginine and L–ornithine using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry, or LC/MS/MS.
Plasma nitrite levels of FSL rats were significantly decreased compared to plasma nitrite levels in the FRL rat, but neither the levels of ADMA nor arginase II activity showed a significant difference between the FSL and FRL rat groups. From these results it is concluded that in accordance with previous studies, the NO pathway plays an important role in the pathophysiology of depression, as depicted in the differences found between plasma nitrite levels in the FSL rat compared to its healthy control.Thesis (M.Sc. (Pharmacology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.
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Slabbert, Francois Naudé. "The effect of acute and chronic sildenafil treatment with and without atropine co-administration on anxiety-like behaviour in rats / Francois Naudé Slabbert." Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/8424.
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The neurobiology of anxiety-related disorders is associated with impaired neuroplasticity. The glutamate/NO/cGMP pathway has been proposed to play a key role in neuroplasticity and neurodevelopment. It was demonstrated in recent reports that chronic co-administration of the phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor sildenafil and the antimuscarinic agent atropine exerts antidepressive-like activity in rats, and that this effect is related to PDE5 inhibition, with consequent elevation of cGMP levels and enhanced protein kinase G stimulation.
The current study investigated possible anxiolytic effects of the chronic co-administration of sildenafil and atropine in stress-sensitive Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL) rats. FSL rats received vehicle control, fluoxetine (15 mg/kg), atropine (1 mg/kg), sildenafil (10 mg/kg) or sildenafil plus atropine via intraperitoneal administration, either acutely 30 minutes prior to testing (acutely) or daily for 14 days (chronically). FRL control rats received only vehicle. Thereafter anxiety-like behaviour was evaluated in the social interaction test (SIT - acute) and elevated plus maze (EPM - acute and chronic). The current study also compared to different ways to score the EPM, namely the percentage time spend in the open arms of the EPM and both the number of full and half body open arm entries, and also implemented defecation on the EPM as a measure of anxiety.
Vehicle-treated FSL rats exhibited more anxiety-like behaviour than FRL rats in both the SIT and EPM following acute treatment, and in the EPM following chronic treatment. Acute treatment with fluoxetine exerted anxiogenic activity in the SIT and EPM, but anxiolytic activity following chronic administration, as observed in the EPM. In acute treatments neither sildenafil nor sildenafil plus atropine yielded any significant effects on anxiety-like behaviour. However, following chronic treatment, sildenafil exerted anxiolytic activity in the EPM by increasing the time spend in the open arms (45.72% ± 9.94% vs. 20.80% ± 9.94%, P<0.001). Atropine exerted a small anxiolytic response (30.71% ± 8.40% vs. 20.80 ± 9.94%), whereas atropine co-administration was additive to sildenafil alone and yielded an enhanced anxiolytic effect in the elevated plus maze (59.56% ± 4.95% vs. 20.80% ± 9.94%, P<0.001), relative to vehicle control. The percentage time spend in the open arms was scored in the EPM, the results suggested that the chronic treatment with sildenafil plus atropine exert an anxiolytic-like effect in FSL rats and the number of fecal droppings did not increase which is also an indication of an anxiolytic-like effects of the treatment.
The current study demonstrated that the chronic treatment with sildenafil, alone or in combination with atropine, exhibit an anxiolytic-like action in stress-sensitive rats. In addition, the data support the clinical potential of using PDE5 inhibitors as antidepressant and anxiolytic strategy and warrant further investigation. Furthermore the study supports the previously proposed key role of the glutamate/NO/cGMP pathway in the neurobiology of anxiety-like disorders, and as an important target for drug development.Thesis (M.Sc. (Pharmacology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011
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Bulgarelli, Marco. "Verifica strutturale di un experiment extension box per il laboratorio di scienza dei fluidi della Stazione Spaziale Internazionale." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/4013/.
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Hill, Beth Lindroth. "The TTC7FSN/FSN Mutation Results in Hyperactivation of Lymphocytes and Overproduction of IL-4 Leading to the Development of Systemic Autoimmunity." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2008. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/HillBL2008.pdf.
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Rabelo, Alexsandro. "Influência do tratamento térmico sobre a microestrutura e propriedades mecânicas do aço maraging C300 obtido por fusão seletiva a laser (FSL)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2016. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/176643.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Engenharia de Materiais, Florianópolis, 2016.Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-27T04:03:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 345845.pdf: 13127141 bytes, checksum: 3f549d83cce52fc328bc3d0ca2474249 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016
A fusão seletiva a laser (FSL) é um dos processos de manufatura aditiva que permite fabricar peças metálicas de geometria complexa, sendo algumas destas impossíveis de obter por outros processos. Entretanto, por ser uma tecnologia relativamente nova, ainda há carência de estudos sobre as características microestruturais do material no estado como-fabricado e da sua resposta aos tratamentos térmicos de algumas ligas metálicas. Face a isto, para o presente trabalho foi selecionado como material de estudo um aço maraging do tipo C300. Foram realizadas nas amostras obtidas por FSL, tratamentos térmicos de solubilização e envelhecimento, em diversas temperaturas e tempos. Mediante o levantamento das curvas de envelhecimento (dureza versus tempo) foi possível determinar condições de tratamento térmico que possibilitaram aumentar a resistência mecânica em forma significativa. Um dos tratamentos indicados para aplicação em insertos e moldes de injeção, foi o envelhecimento a 510 ºC por tempos entre 1 a 2 h que, mesmo sem solubilização prévia, produz um aumento do limite de escoamento de 1.046 MPa na condição como-fabricado para 1.820 MPa em 1h. Entretanto, há uma redução sensível do alongamento total (de 15,6 para 6,6 %) e da energia absorvida no ensaio Charpy (de 37,9 para 13 J). A máxima dureza e resistência a tração, foi encontrada na amostra solubilizada a 817 ºC durante 1h e envelhecida a 440 ºC durante 10 h, apresentando 613 HV de dureza, 2.042 MPa de limite de resistência a tração, 2.005 MPa de limite de escoamento, com 4,6 % de alongamento até ruptura, e 10,5 J de energia absorvida ao impacto. Se for necessário aumentar a tenacidade e a resistência, é indicado realizar o envelhecimento a 600 ºC. Nesse caso, uma elevada tenacidade de 38,4 J foi conseguida, como resultado da formação de 35,13 % de austenita reversa, conforme medições realizadas por difração de raios-X (XRD). A análise da textura, realizada por EBSD, permitiu verificar que o material no estado como-fabricado apresenta uma elevada textura, mas ao ser submetido a solubilização a textura diminui consideravelmente, como resultado da recristalização. Na amostra envelhecida a 510 ºC durante 10 h, a fase austenítica apresentou um forte textura do tipo [001], e a martensita do tipo [101], indicando existir uma relação cristalográfica com paralelismo entre estes planos, sendo correspondente a orientação indicada por Pitsch [001]y ? [101]??.
Abstract : Selective laser melting (SLM) is one of the additive manufacturing processes that allows the fabrication of metallic parts of complex geometry, to some that are impossible to obtain by other processes. However, because it is a relatively new technology, there is still a lack of studies on the microstructural characteristics of the material in the manufactured state and its response to the thermal treatments of some metal alloys. Considering this, for the present work a maraging steel type C300 was selected as study material. In the samples obtained by SLM, thermal treatments of solubilization and aging were carried out at different temperatures and times. By means of the aging curves (hardness versus time), it was possible to determine the thermal treatment conditions that allowed to increase the mechanical resistance in a significant way. One of the treatments indicated for application in inserts and injection molds was the aging at 510 ºC for times between 1 and 2 h which, even without previous solubilization, produces an increase of the flow limit of 1.046 MPa in the condition as-manufactured to 1.820 MPa in 1h. However, there is a significant reduction in total elongation (from 15,6 to 6,6%) and energy absorbed in the Charpy assay (from 37.9 to 13 J). The maximum hardness and tensile strength were found in the sample solubilized at 817 °C for 1h and aged at 440 °C for 10 h with 613 HV hardness, 2.042 MPa tensile strength limit, 2.005 MPa flow limit, 4,6% from elongation to rupture, and 10.5 J of energy absorbed at impact. If it is necessary to increase the toughness and strength, aging is indicated at 600 °C. In this case, a high tenacity of 38.4 J was achieved, as a result of the formation of 35.13% of reverse austenite, as measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The texture analysis, carried out by EBSD, allowed to verify that the material in the manufactured state has a high texture, but when subjected to solubilization the texture decreases considerably, as a result of the recrystallization. In the sample aged at 510 °C for 10 h, the austenitic phase presented a strong texture of type [001], and martensite of type [101], indicating a crystallographic relationship with parallelism between these planes, corresponding to the orientation indicated by Pitsch [001] and ? [101] a.
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Hammarström, Emilia, Elsa Hillberg, Staffan Johnson, and Adan Larsson. "Kategorisering av sortiment för ökad servicenivå : En fallstudie på Back on Track AB." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-25582.
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Rapporten utgår från olika kategoriseringsmetoder för att på sikt öka servicenivån. Fallföretaget har under den senaste tiden expanderat, vilket bidragit till att de inte längre kan möta efterfrågan. De inköpsstrategier som tidigare använts är inte längre tillräckliga för de nya försäljningsvolymerna. Verksamheten har långa ledtider vilket ställt högre krav på inköpsstrategin och planering. Med hjälp av empiri, studentlitteratur, facklitteratur och observationer redogör rapporten för hur verksamheten kan förbättras genom en fallstudie. Med hjälp av observationer vid besöket hos fallföretaget kunde kartläggning av verksamheten och dess strategier slutföras, vilket ledde fram till rapportens syfte och frågeställningar. Genom att strukturera datan efter de olika metoderna, tillsammans med visuella hjälpmedel som diagram och grafer kunde resultatet gestaltas. Därefter analyserades resultatet för att dra slutsatser kring om det finns någon korrelation mellan teorin och rapportens resultat. Analysen lyfter fram hur kategorisering av metoderna används för att öka servicenivån. Därutöver analyseras för- och nackdelarna med de olika metoderna. Likaså behandlar rapporten vilken kategorisering som är mest lämplig i nuläget samt för framtiden. Det förekommer även diskussioner om olika prognosmodeller och hur man bör gå tillväga för att förbättra lagerstyrningen och höja servicenivån. Validiteten och reliabiliteten av rapporten diskuteras också för att kunna identifiera hur tillförlitlig rapporten är samt om den faktiskt mäter det den önskas mäta. Rapporten redogör för att FSN är den bästa kategoriseringen för fallföretaget. Genom att basera inköpen på prognosmodeller kan verksamheten hitta lämpliga orderkvantiteter. Den framtida inköpsstrategin baseras på kvantitativa modeller vilket bygger på historisk data. Utöver framtida inköpsstrategier föreslås hur verksamheten bör prioritera sina olika produkter för att på sikt höja servicenivån. Slutligen sammanfattas alla rekommendationer för en enklare förståelse av rapportens slutsats.The report is based on various categorization methods that have been developed to increase the level of service in the long term. The case company has recently expanded, which has contributed to them no longer being able to meet the demand. The purchasing strategies they previously used are no longer sufficient for the new sales volumes. With long delivery times from factories in Asia, the intervals between stock refills are getting longer, which requires foresight. Using empirical data, student literature, non-fiction and observations, the report explains how the business can be improved through a case study. Calculations, formulas and tables are based on student literature and scientific articles. By starting from proven theories, the business's inventory management can be improved. With the help of observations during the visit to the case company, mapping of the business and its strategies could be completed, which led to the report's purpose and issues. By structuring the data according to the different methods, together with visual aids such as diagrams and graphs, the result could be shaped. The results were then analyzed to draw conclusions about whether there is any correlation between the theory and the report's results. The analysis highlights how categorization of the methods is used to increase the level of service. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of the different methods are analyzed. Discussion about which categorization is most suitable in the current situation and for the future is then highlighted. There are also discussions about different forecast models and how to proceed to improve inventory management and raise the level of service. The validity and reliability of the report are also discussed in order to be able to identify how reliable the report is and whether it actually measures what it wishes to measure. The report states that FSN is the best categorization for the fall company. By analyzing forecast models based on demand from the categorization, a purchasing strategy for the company in the future is estimated. The future purchasing strategy is based on quantitative models, which is based on historical data that the case company currently lacks. In addition to future purchasing strategies, working methods with new products as well as improvement proposals with the work of categorization models are proposed. Finally, all recommendations are summarized for a simpler understanding of the report's discoveries.
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Lavergne, Marilyne. "Rôle des protéines NLRP dans la physiopathologie des membranes foetales humaines." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAS025.
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L’inflammation joue un rôle central dans la rupture des membranes fœtales (MF), que celle-ci ait lieu à terme ou prématurément, mais l’ensemble des mécanismes reste encore à élucider. Dans ce contexte, les études sur les inflammasomes, un des acteurs clés de l’inflammation, se sont récemment intensifiées. Ces plateformes intracellulaires, formées suite à un signal pro-inflammatoire, sont impliquées dans la mise en place et la propagation d’une réaction inflammatoire. Leur fonction au sein des MF commence à être décrite mais de nombreuses zones d’ombre persistent. L’objectif de ce travail a donc été de compléter la caractérisation des processus inflammatoires dépendant des inflammasomes dans les MF, en se focalisant sur les inflammasomes de type NLRP.Les inflammasomes NLRP sont constitués d’un récepteur NLRP, de l’adaptateur ASC et de la pro-caspase-1. Après avoir vérifié la présence de ces acteurs dans les MF à terme, un intérêt particulier a été porté à l’inflammasome de type NLRP7. En effet, sa fonction a déjà été étudiée dans la sphère placentaire mais jamais dans les MF. La stimulation de cellules épithéliales amniocytaires primaires avec un ligand spécifique de l’inflammasome NLRP7 a permis de montrer (i) l’augmentation du niveau protéique des trois acteurs de cet inflammasome (NLRP7, ASC et pro-caspase-1), (ii) la formation de l’inflammasome par co-localisation entre NLRP7 et ASC, (iii) l’activation de cet inflammasome montré par le clivage de deux effecteurs terminaux, la pro-caspase-1 et la gasdermine D. Ces résultats indiquent pour la première fois que les MF sont capables de mettre en jeu la signalisation de l’inflammasome NLRP7 en réponse à un signal pro-inflammatoire.En parallèle, deux activateurs naturels de l’inflammasome NLRP7 ont été identifiés pour la première fois dans les MF humaines à terme : il s’agit de Mycoplasma salivarium et Mycoplasma fermentans. Leur présence suggère le fait que l’inflammasome NLRP7 puisse jouer un rôle majeur dans les processus inflammatoires au sein des MF. L’ensemble de ce travail suggère donc fortement l’implication de l’inflammasome NLRP7 dans la physiopathologie de la rupture des membranes fœtales humaines, qui pourrait être une cible thérapeutique potentielle pour prévenir les ruptures prématurées des membranes fœtalesInflammation plays a pivotal role in term or preterm fetal membranes (FM) rupture, but the detailed mechanisms remain unclear. In this context, studies on inflammasomes, one of the key inflammation actors, recently intensified. These intracellular platforms, formed following a pro-inflammatory signal, are involved in the establishment and propagation of an inflammatory reaction. Their functions in FM begin to be described but grey areas remain. Thus, the aim of this work was to complete the characterization of inflammasomes-dependent inflammatory processes, focusing on NLRP inflammasomes.NLRP inflammasomes are composed of a NLRP receptor, the adapter ASC and the pro-caspase-1. After verifying the presence of these actors in term human FM, we focused our interest on NLRP7 inflammasome. Indeed, its function has been studied in the placental area but never in FM. The stimulation of primary amnion epithelial cells with an NLRP7 inflammasome specific ligand demonstrated (i) an increased protein level of the three actors of this inflammasome (NLRP7, ASC and pro-caspase-1), (ii) the formation of this inflammasome by NLRP7 and ASC colocalization and (iii) the activation of this inflammasome, by cleavages of two end-effectors, pro-caspase-1 and gasdermin D. These results indicate for the first time that FM are able to activate NLRP7 inflammasome signalization in response to a pro-inflammatory signal. Moreover, two natural activators of NLRP7 inflammasome have been newly identified in term human FM: Mycoplasma salivarium and Mycoplasma fermentans. Their presence suggests that NLRP7 inflammasome could play an essential role in inflammatory processes in FM. All this work strongly suggests the involvement of NLRP7 inflammasome in pathophysiology of human FM rupture, which could be a potential therapeutic target to prevent premature rupture of FM
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Marconato, Eduardo Amado. "Influência de defeitos nas propriedades mecânicas de juntas soldadas por FSW da liga AA6013-T6." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/852.
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Previous issue date: 2009-04-28Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
In 1991, it was developed a solid state welding process called Friction Stir Welding - FSW, intended to increase the number of applications for the aluminum and its alloys. As every welding process the presence of defects should be avoided to not compromise the quality of the welded joint. Some typical defects originating from FSW process are found in some joints depending of the welding parameters. Thus, this study has the purpose to evaluate the quality of welded joints in 3 mm thick 6013-T6 friction stir welded joints in function of the obtained defects, using different welding parameters. The characterization was based on metallography by OM and SEM of the welded joints in order to analyze the obtained defects. The mechanical properties were evaluated by tensile, microhardness and fatigue tests.Welds joints were intentionally produced to contain inner defects in the weld nugget like tunnel shaped along the joint and lack of root penetration of the welding tool. All welded conditions, the microhardness profiles show a big drop in hardness when crossing from the HAZ zone into the center of each weld, while the tensile and fatigue tests showed a strong defects influence in the mechanical properties. The lack of penetration weld defect had the worst results of mechanical properties compared to tunneling defects, and the sound weld joint exhibited the best results of mechanical properties for all conditions investigated.
Visando ampliar o número de aplicações para o alumínio e suas ligas, foi desenvolvido em 1991, um processo de soldagem no estado sólido denominado Friction Stir Welding. Como em todo processo de soldagem a presença de defeitos deve ser evitada, pois compromete a qualidade da junta soldada. Alguns defeitos típicos oriundos do processo FSW são encontrados em algumas juntas dependendo dos parâmetros de soldagem escolhidos. Assim sendo, este trabalho teve como principal objetivo estudar a influência de defeitos nas propriedades mecânicas de juntas soldadas pelo processo Friction Stir Welding da liga de alumínio 6013-T6, correlacionando as variações microestruturais obtidas com os diferentes parâmetros de soldagem adotados. Para tanto foram utilizados diferentes parâmetros de soldagem para a obtenção de juntas soldadas que apresentem defeitos distintos. A caracterização metalográfica se baseou em macrografias e micrografias via M.O. e MEV das juntas soldadas, de forma a analisar os defeitos obtidos. As propriedades mecânicas foram avaliadas por ensaios de tração, microdureza e fadiga. Foram obtidas soldas com defeitos internos a lente de soldagem em forma de vazios ao longo do cordão e soldas com falta de penetração na região da raiz. Em todas as condições foi observada uma redução brusca nos valores de microdureza na região da junta soldada, enquanto os ensaios de tração e fadiga revelaram forte influência da presença de defeitos na junta. A solda que apresentava como defeito a falta de penetração na raiz apresentou resultados de propriedades mecânicas muito inferiores às condições que apresentaram vazios internos a lente de soldagem. A solda que não continha defeitos apresentou os melhores resultados de propriedades mecânicas em relação a todas as condições investigadas.
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Brand, Sarel Jacobus. "An investigation into the antidepressant–like profile of pioglitazone in a genetic rat model of depression / Brand S.J." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/7333.
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Major depression is a highly prevalent mood disorder with chronic debilitating effects. Additional to a rising rate in incidence, depression is highly co–morbid with other psychiatric disorders, but also chronic cardiometabolic illnesses that present with an inflammatory component. The exact aetiology of depression is still unknown, being multifactorial in its possible aetiology. Various hypotheses have attempted to shed light on both endogenous and exogenous risk factors as well as the underlying pathology that may lead to the development of the disease. This has led to a wide range of mediators being implicated, including biogenic amines, the HPA–axis, neurotrophic factors, inflammatory agents, the cholinergic system and circadian rhythm, to name a few. The mechanisms of action of current treatment strategies, except for a few atypical and novel treatment approaches, are limited to interactions with monoamines and are at best only 65% effective. Many of these are also plagued by troubling side–effects, relapse and recurrence. It has therefore become imperative to explore novel targets for the treatment of depression that may produce more rapid, robust and lasting antidepressant effects with a less daunting side–effect profile. The strong co–morbidity between depression and various cardiometabolic disorders, including cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) has led to the proposal that a metabolic disturbance may be a vital component that drives inflammatory and immunological dysfunction in depression. Supporting of this is evidence for a role of inflammatory cytokines and neurotrophic factors in the pathogenesis of depression.
It has also been demonstrated that a link exists between insulin– and nitric oxide (NO)– mediated pathways in the brain, which further highlights the role of oxidative stress and cell damage. Furthermore, evidence supports a role for oxidative stress and NO in T2DM and/or insulin resistance. Insulin has also been implicated in various physiological processes in the central nervous system (CNS) and may also influence the release and reuptake of neurotransmitters. Preclinical and clinical evidence has provided support for the antidepressant–like effects of insulin–sensitizing peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)– agonists, such as rosiglitazone and pioglitazone. In preclinical studies, however, these effects are limited to acute treatment with pioglitazone or sub–chronic (5 days) treatment with rosiglitazone. It is well–recognized that such findings need to be confirmed by chronic treatment paradigms. The aim of the current study was therefore to further investigate the proposed antidepressant–like effects of pioglitazone in a genetic animal model of depression, the Flinders sensitive line (FSL) rat, using a chronic treatment protocol. The FSL rat model was reaffirmed as presenting with inherent depressive–like behaviour compared to its more resilient counterpart, the Flinders resistant line (FRL) rat. Moreover, imipramine demonstrated a robust and reliable antidepressant–like effect in these animals using the forced swim test (FST), thus confirming the face and predictive validity of the FSL rat model for depression. In contrast to previous preclinical studies, acute dose–ranging studies with pioglitazone in Sprague Dawley rats delivered no significant anti–immobility effects in the FST, whereas results similar to that seen in the dose–ranging studies were observed following chronic treatment using FSL rats. Since altered pharmacokinetics could possibly influence the drug’s performance, another route of administration, viz. the subcutaneous route, was utilized as an additional measure to exclude this possibility. The results of the subcutaneous study, however, were congruent with that observed after oral treatment.
In order to confirm an association between altered insulin sensitivity and antidepressant action and demonstration by recent studies that thiazolidinediones may augment the efficacy of existing antidepressants, we therefore investigated whether concomitant treatment with gliclazide (an insulin releaser and insulin desensitizer) or pioglitazone (an insulin sensitizer) may alter the antidepressant–like effects evoked by chronic treatment with imipramine. Pioglitazone did not positively or negatively affect the antidepressant effect of imipramine, although gliclazide tended to decrease the anti–immobility effects induced by this antidepressant. Taken together and considering the current available literature, this finding supports evidence linking the insulin–PPAR pathway to depression. However, further explorative studies are required to delineate the role of insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis in depression and antidepressant response.Thesis (M.Sc. (Pharmacology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.
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Yin, Kai-Ming. "Stereology and automated measurement of the human brain." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31286.
Full textAbstract:
Stereology supplies image sampling rules to estimate geometric quantities such as volume, surface area, feature length and number. The method is well suited to non-invasive image acquisition methods such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Meanwhile, in Magnetic Resonance (MR) images analysis area, automated software packages have been continuously developed and become well-established tools especially in human brainMR images processing. The aims of the thesis are (1) to combine proper rules to sample MR images with automated or semi-automated data acquisition methods, in order to implement four different design unbiased stereological volume estimators in the study of the human brain, and (2) to compare volume estimates with those obtained from automated software packages.
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Larsson, Philip, and Noah Sörman. "Multiklassificering av reservdelar : En fallstudie om anskaffningsstrategi och lagerstyrning." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Logistik och verksamhetsledning, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-45522.
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Syfte – Syftet med studien är ”…att undersöka hur anskaffning av reservdelar kan effektiviseras, utifrån multipla klassificeringsaspekter”. För att besvara syftet har tre frågeställningar formulerats: 1. Vilka aspekter är viktiga vid anskaffning av reservdelar? 2. Hur kan reservdelar klassificeras utifrån aspekterna? 3. Vilka anskaffningsstrategier kan tillämpas på de olika kategorierna av reservdelar? Metod – Studien utfördes som en fallstudie där målet var att studera ett fallföretags processer i deras naturliga sammanhang. Studiens data insamlades via en dokumentstudie samt tre intervjuer med administrativ personal vilket användes tillsammans med tidigare akademisk litteratur. Resultat – Både tidigare teori och insamlad empiriska data pekade på fyra aspekter att beakta vid anskaffning av reservdelar; kriticitet, ledtid, efterfrågan och kostnad. Reservdelarna kunde utefter de fyra beskrivna aspekterna separat tilldelas en klassificering, där flera metoder kombineras till en multiklassificering-modell. Efter klassificering möjliggjordes utformningen av olika anskaffningsstrategier med lämpliga lagerpolicyers, partiformningsmetoder, orderpunkter och övervakningsmetoder för diverse kategori, för att effektivisera lagerstyrningen. Implikationer – Studiens resultat visar en möjlig kombination för att utföra en multiklassificering baserad på kriticitet, ledtid, efterfrågan och kostnad. En sådan klassificering kan hjälpa företag som är starkt beroende av reservdelar att veta vilka reservdelar som mest fokus bör läggas på i anskaffningen. Begränsningar – Studien innefattade enbart ett företag vilket reducerar dess generaliserbarhet. Fallföretaget var dessutom I underhållsbranschen vilket medförde att reservdelar användes till att underhålla kunders produkter och inte egen utrustning.
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Durepos, Jessica. "The Linguistic Positionings of the French Immersion Speaker: A Post-Secondary Context." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35379.
Full textAbstract:
A focal concern amid Canadian French immersion students upon completion of their secondary school studies is a shared belief and feeling that they are limited in their ability to communicate with francophone communities (Howard, 2007; Schaffer, 2013; The Globe and Mail, Friesen, 2013). Furthermore, it has been widely discussed that French immersion students are finding themselves in the midst of language identity crisis, unable to find a place among either of the dominant monolingual groups (Roy, 2010). This case study examined the potential persistence of language identity crisis in three French immersion students who extended their French as a second language education by pursuing post-secondary education in a French immersion program at a large bilingual university. The study reveals the linguistic identity construction of these students by clarifying how each participant positioned (Davies & Harré, 1990) herself towards Francophone language and culture. It exposes the factors which influenced the linguistic positioning of the participants and comments on patterns in the factors which affected their linguistic identity in particular.
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Miller, Marta Agnieszka. "Negotiating the past in medieval Iceland, c. 1250-1500 : cultural memory and royal authority in the Icelandic legal tradition." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/16474.
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This thesis examines the memorial meaning attributed to royal power in the Icelandic legal tradition, as it is textually negotiated in sources extant from the period c. 1250-1500. It discusses the significance and functions of the Norwegian king's legal authority as part of the Icelanders' collective remembrance of their country's legal past (spanning the years c. 870-1302), and as a defining element in the creation of the Icelandic identity as a community of law. The scope of analysis covers thirteenth- to fifteenth-century legal sources (sections of law-books and legal texts preserving legal arrangements between Iceland and Norway made in the eleventh century and in the period c. 1260-1302), and a fourteenth-century account of the Norwegian king's involvement in a settlement dispute in ninth-century Iceland. These main sources are analysed against the background of several auxiliary sources (saga narratives, diplomas) from a New Philological perspective and scrutinised using the methods developed in cultural memory studies. This provides a novel perspective on the primary sources, filling a gap in recent scholarship on cultural memory in Old Norse literature and historiography. Both categories of texts, drawing on oral and written traditions of law-making and story-telling, are vehicles for multi-faceted culturally meaningful and often contradictory memories of the Norwegian king. The Icelandic laws preserve provisions bestowed upon the Icelanders by the Norwegian monarchs, whereas the sagas convey semi-mythological images of the monarchs, who act as legislators, negotiators of legal agreements with the Icelanders, and as law-keepers. By analysing the memorial functions of royal power in the primary sources, the thesis argues for the complexity of the Icelanders' self-definition as a kingless community of law, who nevertheless incorporate and actively engage with royal power, which shapes the collective memory of the country's legal tradition.
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de, Pierrepont Catherine. "Évaluation multidimensionnelle de l’expérience sexopérinatale des couples parentaux francophones en situation linguistique minoritaire de la région d’Ottawa et de l’Est de l’Ontario." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34113.
Full textAbstract:
Durant la transition à la parentalité, la dimension intime et sexuelle de la relation conjugale de futurs et nouveaux parents est la plus vulnérable et la plus affectée. L’objectif de cette enquête descriptive exploratoire est de faire le portrait de l’expérience sexopérinatale de 67 couples parentaux francophones en situation linguistique minoritaire (FSLM) de la région d’Ottawa et de l’Est de l’Ontario, en mettant l’emphase sur leur vécu, leurs besoins et les services en français (offerts, utilisés, manquants et souhaités) dans le domaine. Sous forme d’étude de cas avec un devis mixte, cette recherche est constituée de cinq articles originaux. L’Article 1, divisé en deux parties consécutives, correspond à un examen de la portée sur la sexopérinatalité couvrant 123 articles empiriques publiés dans les 15 dernières années. La partie 1 s’attarde à l’état des recherches retenues et à la sexualité prénatale ; la partie 2 s’intéresse à la sexualité pendant le travail et l’accouchement, à la sexualité postnatale et à la sexualité en contexte d’allaitement. L’Article 2 expose les résultats quantitatifs du vécu sexopérinatal des 67 couples recrutés. L’Article 3 couvre les résultats qualitatifs de ce même vécu sexopérinatal chez cinq de ces couples parentaux. L’Article 4 aborde les besoins et les services en français en matière de sexopérinatalité perçus par les 67 couples parentaux, combinant des données quantitatives et qualitatives. Cette étude permet aux chercheurs et cliniciens de mieux connaître simultanément deux domaines importants de recherche et d’intervention encore peu explorés : la sexopérinatalité et les FSLM en Ontario. Cette recherche s’inscrit dans une vision équitable en santé des populations et dans une optique de promotion du couple, de la famille et de la société pour favoriser l’accès équitable et adapté aux services de soins de santé collaboratifs, continus et durables en matière de santé sexuelle pour les canadiens.
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Constantinides, Claudia de Queiroz Accioly. "Avaliação da pineal humana in vivo pela ressonância magnética funcional." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42137/tde-26082015-122315/.
Full textAbstract:
Este estudo foi realizado para testar técnicas de ressonância magnética funcional (RMf) para investigar aspectos funcionais da pineal humana. Foram coletadas imagens funcionais e amostras de sangue total para a dosagem da melatonina plasmática antes, durante e após a apresentação de estímulo com luz azul quase monocromática em indivíduos saudáveis. Os participantes realizaram o exame de tomografia computadorizada do crânio sem o uso de contraste endovenoso (TC), para a avaliação qualitativa do grau de calcificação pineal. As conclusões foram: a) não houve ativação da pineal em resposta à aplicação da luz; b) não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre as condições pré-estímulo, durante o estímulo ou pós-estímulo usando diferentes métodos de análise dos dados de RMf, porém, observou-se tendência de maior poder espectral na pineal durante a aplicação do estímulo luminoso do que nas condições pré e pós-estímulo; c) foi identificada a conectividade funcional da pineal, que poderá ser melhor avaliada em estudo futuro.This study aimed to test the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) techniques in order to investigate the functional aspects of human pineal gland. Some functional images and total blood samples for dosing the plasmatic melatonin concentration were collected before, during and after the presentation of a monochromatic blue light stimulation in healthy individuals. All subjects were examined by a brain CT scan, with no the administration of endovenous contrast, for the qualitative assessment of the pineal calcification level. The conclusions were the following: a) there was no pineal activation in response to the application of light; b) there were no statistically significant differences between the pre-, during and poststimulation conditions with different analysis methods of fMRI data, however, there was a trend of greater spectral power in the pineal gland during the luminous stimulation application than under the other conditions; c) the functional connectivity of the pineal could be identified, which should be better assessed in a future study.
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Laurens, Véronique. "Formation à la méthodologie de l'enseignement du français langue étrangère et développement de l'agir enseignant." Thesis, Paris 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA030160.
Full textAbstract:
Cette recherche vise la mise au jour du lien entre la formation à la méthodologie de l’enseignement du français comme langue étrangère et le développement de l’agir professionnel de l’enseignant novice. Elle s’inscrit dans le cadre plus général des travaux ayant pour objet la formation des enseignants et leurs pratiques effectives. La mise en place d’un appareillage, la trame méthodique repère (TMR), destiné à la conception d’unités didactiques et à la formation des pratiques professionnelles enseignantes, est au coeur de la première partie de cette étude qui, dans un second temps, montre de quelle manière la modélisation proposée par la TMR rend possible la circulation des savoirs d’ingénierie, de la formation au développement de l’agir des enseignants novicesThis research brings to light the link between French second language teacher training and the development of beginning teachers’ actions. It is set in the wider field of language teacher education research and teachers’ real practice. The first part of this study presents the implementation of a language teaching methodological framework aimed at lesson design and language teacher training. The second part shows how the sequence of language objects and activities of the framework makes it possible for vocational language teaching knowledge to evolve from training to teaching
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Sandryhaila, Darya. "Visualisation de la mélodie de la parole dans l'enseignement du français langue étrangère." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. https://theses.md.univ-paris-diderot.fr/SANDRYHAILA_Darya_2_complete_20191129.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
L’enseignement de la prosodie en cours de français langue étrangère (FLE) et l’utilisation d’un logiciel de parole, qui permet de visualiser la mélodie des apprenants et de celle d'un modèle francophone, afin de les comparer, font l’objet de cette recherche. Deux tentatives d'expérimentation de la correction de la prosodie de parole, des années soixante, prenant en compte la visualisation, sont évoquées à titre de rappel.Je me suis intéressée à la situation actuelle de l’enseignement de la prosodie du FLE et aux possibilités qu’offre l’outil numérique, afin de l’appréhender. J'ai voulu, entre autres, me rendre compte comment les apprenants réagissaient à un tel outil, et surtout si son utilisation apportait des résultats probants. Dans ce but, quatre expérimentations sur le terrain ont été menées. Le public et le contexte étaient différents. Le travail avec un manuel, l'entraînement en autonomie avec un ordinateur, avec des explications collectives de l’enseignante, mais parfois aussi avec des explications individuelles, ont été proposés aux apprenants. Les deux premières expérimentations (pilote et générale) ont été effectuées auprès d’un public migrant, la troisième a été faite dans un laboratoire de langues en autonomie, et la dernière, avec des explications, en petits groupes. Les productions du modèle francophone et celles des apprenants ont été analysées. Les enquêtes concernant l’utilisation de l’outil numérique et la visualisation WinPitch (WP) et WinPitch Language Teaching and Learning (WP LTL) ont montré que la plupart des apprenants ont apprécié le travail avec ces logiciels. Pour les deux dernières expérimentations, menées dans un contexte universitaire, j’ai constitué deux groupes de travail : l’un expérimental avec WP, et l’autre de contrôle. Il s’est avéré que les étudiants du groupe expérimental ont eu de meilleurs résultats, en comparaison avec ceux du groupe de contrôle. Pour la dernière expérimentation, des explications concernant la ‘grammaire prosodique’, en l'occurrence celle, basée sur le modèle de Ph. Martin «contours mélodiques et contraste de pente», ont été fournies. Les résultats obtenus ont permis de valider les hypothèses de travail. Elles montrent aussi que l’utilisation de visualisation WP, accompagnée des explications de l’enseignant.e, sera bénéfique et justifiée en classe de langue, pour améliorer l'expression orale en français de façon conscienteThe teaching of prosody in French as a second language (FSL) classes and the use of speech software, which makes it possible to visualize the melody of learners and that of a French-speaking model, in order to compare them, are the subject of this research. Two attempts to experiment with the correction of speech prosody in the 1960s, which took visualization into account, are mentioned as a reminder.I was interested in the current situation of the teaching of the prosody of the FSL and the possibilities offered by digital tools, in order to understand it. Among other things, I wanted to see how learners reacted to such tools, and especially if their use brought convincing results. To this purpose, four experiments were carried out in French classes, in which the audience and context were different. Learners worked from a manual, received independent training from a computer, were given group explanations from the teacher, sometimes with individual explanations. The first two experiments (pilot and general) were carried out with a migrant audience, the third was carried out in a language laboratory where the students worked by themselves, and the last one, with explanations, in small groups. The productions of the Francophone model and those of the learners were analyzed. Surveys on the use of a digital tool and visualization with WinPitch (WP) and WinPitch Language Teaching and Learning (WP LTL) showed that most learners enjoyed working with these software. For the last two experiments, conducted in a university context, I set up two working groups: one experimental with WP and the other control. It turned out that the students in the experimental group had better results than those in the control group. For the last experiment, explanations concerning "prosodic grammar", in this case the one based on Ph. Martin's "melodic contours and slope contrast" model, were provided. The results obtained made it possible to validate the working hypotheses. They also show that the use of WP visualization, accompanied by the teacher's explanations, will be beneficial and justified in language classes in order to consciously improve oral expression in French
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Anyakoha, Ngozi Gloria. "Fatty acid and lipid profiles in models of neuroinflammation and mood disorders : application of high field NMR, gas chromotography and liquid chromotography-tandem mass spectrometry to investigate the effects of atorvaststin in brain and liver lipids and explore brain lipid changes in the FSL model of depression." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4328.
Full textAbstract:
Lipids are important for the structural and physiological functions of neuronal cell membranes. Alterations in their lipid composition may result in membrane dysfunction and subsequent neuronal deficits that characterise various disorders. This study focused on profiling lipids of aged and LPS-treated rat brain and liver tissue with a view to explore the effect of atorvastatin in neuroinflammation, and examining lipid changes in different areas of rat brain of the Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL) rats, a genetic model of depression. Lipids and other analytes extracted from tissue samples were analysed with proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR), gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (LC/ESI-MS/MS). Changes in the lipid profiles suggested that brain and liver responded differently to ageing and LPS-induced neuroinflammation. In the aged animals, n-3 PUFA were reduced in the brain but were increased in the liver. However, following treatment with LPS, these effects were not observed. Nevertheless, in both models, brain concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids was increased while the liver was able to maintain its monounsaturated fatty acid concentration. Atorvastatin reversed the reduction in n-3 PUFA in the aged brain without reducing brain and liver concentration of cholesterol. These findings further highlight alterations in lipid metabolism in agerelated neuroinflammation and show that the anti-inflammatory actions of atorvastatin may include a modulation of fatty acid metabolism. When studying the FSL model, there were differences in the lipid profile of different brain areas of FSL rats compared to Sprague-Dawley controls. In all brain areas, arachidonic acid was increased in the FSL rats. Docosahexaenoic acid and ether lipids were reduced, while cholesterol and sphingolipids were increased in the hypothalamus of the FSL rats. Furthermore, total diacylglycerophospholipids were reduced in the prefrontal cortex and hypothalamus of the FSL rats. These results show differences in the lipid metabolism of the FSL rat brain and may be suggestive of changes occurring in the brain tissue in depression.
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Anyakoha, Ngozi G. "Fatty acid and lipid profiles in models of neuroinflammation and mood disorders. Application of high field NMR, gas chromotography and liquid chromotography-tandem mass spectrometry to investigate the effects of atorvaststin in brain and liver lipids and explore brain lipid changes in the FSL model of depression." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4328.
Full textAbstract:
Lipids are important for the structural and physiological functions of neuronal cell
membranes. Alterations in their lipid composition may result in membrane dysfunction
and subsequent neuronal deficits that characterise various disorders. This study
focused on profiling lipids of aged and LPS-treated rat brain and liver tissue with a view
to explore the effect of atorvastatin in neuroinflammation, and examining lipid changes
in different areas of rat brain of the Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL) rats, a genetic model
of depression.
Lipids and other analytes extracted from tissue samples were analysed with proton
nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR), gas chromatography (GC) and
liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (LC/ESI-MS/MS).
Changes in the lipid profiles suggested that brain and liver responded differently to
ageing and LPS-induced neuroinflammation. In the aged animals, n-3 PUFA were
reduced in the brain but were increased in the liver. However, following treatment with
LPS, these effects were not observed. Nevertheless, in both models, brain
concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids was increased while the liver was able to
maintain its monounsaturated fatty acid concentration. Atorvastatin reversed the
reduction in n-3 PUFA in the aged brain without reducing brain and liver concentration
of cholesterol. These findings further highlight alterations in lipid metabolism in agerelated
neuroinflammation and show that the anti-inflammatory actions of atorvastatin
may include a modulation of fatty acid metabolism.
When studying the FSL model, there were differences in the lipid profile of different
brain areas of FSL rats compared to Sprague-Dawley controls. In all brain areas,
arachidonic acid was increased in the FSL rats. Docosahexaenoic acid and ether lipids
were reduced, while cholesterol and sphingolipids were increased in the hypothalamus
of the FSL rats. Furthermore, total diacylglycerophospholipids were reduced in the
prefrontal cortex and hypothalamus of the FSL rats. These results show differences in
the lipid metabolism of the FSL rat brain and may be suggestive of changes occurring
in the brain tissue in depression.
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Martin, Laurence. "S'entraîner à expliquer une procédure instrumentale : ethnographie multisituée d'un projet filmique mené avec des aides à domicile engagées dans une formation en français langue étrangère." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MON30023.
Full textAbstract:
Cette recherche porte sur des activités fortement multimodales constituantes d’un projet vidéo mené en collaboration avec des aides à domicile, dans le contexte de la formation linguistique des adultes. Ces activités centrées sur l’explication de procédures sont réalisées dans diverses situations, faiblement ou fortement instrumentées (oral spontané en groupe, simulation, tournage face caméra) et participent au processus d’appropriation de la langue en plaçant l’apprenant dans un rôle d’expert. Des observations participantes, menées dans une approche ethnographique, soutenues par des enregistrements audiovisuels, ont permis de rassembler un corpus que nous avons organisé en deux collections principales. Nos analyses qui s’appuient sur ces données, s’intéressent à la dynamique des actions et des interactions situées et multisenrorielles (actions verbales, gestes, manipulation des objets, disposition des corps, déplacements), développées par les participantes dans ces situations. Elles interrogent les notions goffmaniennes de cadre, de position, d’engagement et de réitération. Cette approche écologique de l’activité humaine, assez récente en science du langage, met en évidence la multimodalité des ressources déployées lors de ces activités didactiques, ainsi que leur articulation à l’environnement dans sa dimension sociale et matérielleThis research examines highly multimodal activities constituting a video project conducted in collaboration with home helpers, in the context of adult language training. The activities under study focus on explaining procedures carried out in various situations, weakly or heavily instrumented (spontaneous group oral, simulation, camera-facing shooting) and participate in the process of appropriation of the foreign language by placing the learner in an expert role. Participant observations in an ethnographic approach, supported by audiovisual recordings of these activities, brought together a corpus that we organized into two main collections. They are based primarily on these data. They deal with the dynamics of multi-sensory, situated actions and interactions (verbal actions, gestures, object manipulations, body placements, movements), as they were developed by the participants. They also discuss the Goffmanian notions of framework, position, commitment and reiteration. This ecological approach to human activity, relatively recent in language science, highlights the multimodality of the resources deployed in those educational situations, and shows their connection with the environment in its social and material dimensions
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Andzanga, Régine Salomé. "Appropriation de la lecture et de l'écriture du français au Cameroun : cas des lycées bilingues de Yaoundé et de Buea." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BOR30041.
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Dans un Cameroun, officiellement bilingue, le constat de la dégradation de l'apprentissage de la lecture et de l'écriture du français, langue seconde/étrangère (FLS/FLE), est clairement établi. Notre travail de recherche porte sur l'origine de ces carences, en utilisant des méthodes de sociolinguistique et de didactique. Notre étude, sur le terrain scolaire, a analysé l'appropriation du français dispensé par des enseignants à des élèves de première année de secondaire, en système anglophone et francophone camerounais. Dans cette première année de post primaire, de niveau équivalent pour les deux sous systèmes éducatifs, nous avons analysé le déroulement des apprentissages du français et son utilisation. Notre choix de lieu d'enquête s'est porté, dans les Lycées bilingues de Buea et de Yaoundé, en zones urbaines, sur deux classes de 6ème (francophones) et deux classes de F1(anglophones). Nous avons constaté, dans cette étude synchronique, que les recommandations officielles du domaine linguistique pour le français sont mal connues des enseignants, que les éléments de base, dispensés au cycle primaire, sont mal assimilées par les élèves, qu'il existe des incompétences dans la production de certains phonèmes, que les règles prosodiques du français ne sont pas suivies (absence ou mauvaises liaisons, perte ou insertion, ou déformation/confusion de certains sons, etc.), que la production de l'intonation est délétère. Des facteurs sociaux et didactiques ont aussi été identifiés comme des obstacles à l'appropriation de la lecture et de l'écriture (plurilinguisme, faible intérêt pour l'écrit, rareté et mauvais usage des manuels scolaires, effectifs pléthoriques, indiscipline chronique, projets pédagogiques absents ou mal structurés, méthodes et méthodologies non efficientes, etc.). Toutes ces pratiques et ces facteurs précédents placent les élèves du corpus d'étude dans une insécurité linguistique grandissante. Des pistes possibles de remédiation à la dégradation de ces apprentissages se dégagent de notre recherche. Il serait souhaitable d'instaurer des pratiques pouvant favoriser la construction de micro processus qui permettraient d'installer la compétence de lecture et d'écriture chez les élèves : étude de la phonologie, amélioration des pratiques d'oral, production et reproduction constantes d'écritsIn Cameroon, with two official languages, findings clearly show that there is a drop in learning how to read and write French as a second/foreign language (FSL/FFL). This project, using the sociolinguistic and didactic method, looks at the origin of these gaps. The study which was carried out in schools analyzed the ownership of French taught by teachers to first year students in secondary schools in the English-speaking subsystem and French-speaking subsystem. In the first year of post primary education, at the equivalent levels for both subsystems of education, this study analyzed the learning and usage of French. The study was carried out in Bilingual High Schools in urban areas, Buea and Yaounde, in two classes of 6ème for French-speaking students and two classes of Form One for English-speaking students. The synchronic study made the following findings: the official linguistic recommendations for French Language are poorly understood by teachers; basic elements taught in the primary school are poorly assimilated by students; poor production of certain phonemes; students do not follow French prosodic rules (absence or poor liaison, loss or insertion, or deformation/confusion of some sounds, etc.); and production of intonation is poor. Social and didactic factors were also identified as obstacles to the ownership of reading and writing (multilingualism, low interest in writing, scarcity and misuse of textbooks, overstaffing, chronic indiscipline, lack or poorly structured teaching plans, inefficient methods and methodologies, etc.). All these factors and practices put the students in this study under growing linguistic insecurity. The study further makes recommendations to remedy the gap in the learning of French. It would be desirable to introduce practices that promote the building of micro processes that will help students acquire skills in reading and writing: study of phonology, improvement of oral practices, constant production and reproduction of writing
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Zimolka, Jakub. "Multi-tensorové zobrazování detailu míchy z dMRI dat s vysokým úhlovým rozlišením." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-316839.
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The aim of this work was to establish a comprehensive processing pipeline of cervical spinal cord HARDI dMRI data and T2-weighted anatomical MRI images in high-resolution. In the research part we provide description of anatomical data processing, theoretical background of dMRI, description of current approaches to 3D anisotropic diffusion estimation as well as current imaging methods of spinal cord axonal bundles. As one of the first in the world, we are investigating multiple-direction diffusion models for human in-vivo spinal cord white matter minority bundles imaging. We designed our own processing pipeline utilizing Spinal Cord Toolbox (SCT), FSL, in-house developer scripts and TORQUE-based batch system for grid computation, tested on real data from cervical spinal cord area between segments C4-C6 from 26 healthy volunteers. Designed processing pipeline with one non-automatic step, works from pre-processing to parcelation of selected spinal cord structures based on co-registration with anatomical spinal cord template for 25 subjects. One person data includes motion artifacts for which the proces failed. There are visible waves in sagittal images of some subjects caused probably by blood-vessel pulsing. Local quantification metrics of spinal cord anatomy (fractional anisotropy – FA, fractional volumes of first – f1 and second – f2 direction of anisotropic diffusion) from different parts (white matter, gray matter, cortico-spinal tract) and from different population groups (men vs. women), were extracted from dMRI data. As we expected, FA maps show visible decreases in areas of gray matter. We also detected second diffusion dirrection in slices, where the spinal roots come out. In some areas, fractional volume of second diffusion direction reaches up to 40% of the total component of the dMRI signal. All mentioned parameters probability density functions for all mentioned groups are non-normal distributions. Between male and female groups there were no significant distribution differences for f1 and f2 volumes. The distribution of FA values between men and women is statistically different. Unfortunatelly, there is a significant inter-subject variability in results, which has much higher dispersion than differences between different group distributions. Despite the inter-subject variability, this work significantly extends the knowledge about data acquisiton capabilities and MRI and dMRI data from cervical spinal cord image processing. This work also lays down foundations for utilization of the imaging method in future and planned clinical research, where it will be possible to test the alteration of the spinal cord anatomy on the minor secondary bundles separately.
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Holste, Angela Sarah. "Développement des méthodes bio analytique pour l’analyse quantitative et qualitative des peptides et protéines marqués par le couplage de la chromatographie et la spectrométrie de masse." Thesis, Pau, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PAUU3004/document.
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Cette thèse est le résultat d’une cotutelle entre l'Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA) à Pau, en France et l'Université Christian Albrecht (CAU) à Kiel, en Allemagne. Dans le cadre de cette collaboration internationale, des méthodes bio-analytiques sont développées pour analyser quantitativement et qualitativement des peptides et protéines marquées par le couplage de la chromatographie avec la spectrométrie de masse. Les peptides et les digestats des protéines sont marquées selon un protocole optimisé par des lanthanides en utilisant des composés à base de DOTA. La séparation des peptides est réalisée par IP-RP-nanoHPLC. Des données complémentaires sont acquises par MALDI-MS pour l'identification et par ICP-MS pour la quantification. Dans ce contexte, une étape de pré-nettoyage en ligne est développée et mise en œuvre dans le protocole de séparation par nanoHPLC. Cette étape permet l'élimination efficace des réactifs appliqués en excès et ainsi la diminution du bruit de fond lié à la présence de métaux lors des analyses par ICP-MS. Les données obtenues sont alors plus facile à interpréter, la sensibilité des signaux des peptides n’étant par ailleurs pas modifié. L'extraction en phase solide (SPE) appliquée comme alternative entraîne des pertes importantes de peptides et peut être considérée comme inadaptée pour l'analyse quantitative. Des additifs pour éluants de nanoHPLC, tels que l'EDTA et le HFBA sont testés et jugés non bénéfiques pour l'analyse des échantillons peptidiques normaux. HFBA peut être reconsidéré pour une application spéciale sur des peptides très hydrophiles. Des peptides marqués sont développés. Leur utilisation en quantité connue pourrait permettre la quantification rapide et simple d'un échantillon de digestat à faible complexité. De plus, cet ensemble de peptides permet la superposition fiable des chromatogrammes, et ainsi de comparer des données complémentaires obtenues par l’analyse d’échantillon par ICP-MS et MALDI-MS. Expériences d'application avec le couplage laser femtoseconde avec ICP-MS sont effectuées sur des plaques métalliques de MALDI MS et montrent des résultats très prometteurs. Pour cela, les échantillons préalablement identifiés par MALDI-MS sont analysés par fsLA-ICP-MS. Les premières tentatives de quantification sur la plaque en acier modifiée sont satisfaisantes et donnent des résultats répondant aux attentes. L’optimisation des paramètres de MALDI-MS facilite l’identification des peptidesThis PhD thesis was a Cotutelle between the Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour (UPPA) in Pau, France and the Christian-Albrechts University (CAU) in Kiel, Germany. In the course of this international collaboration, bio-analytical methods for the quantitative and qualitative analysis of labelled peptides and proteins were developed, which were based on the hyphenation of chromatography with mass spectrometry. Peptides and protein digests were lanthanide labelled using DOTA-based compounds according to an optimised protocol. Separation on the peptide level was performed using IP-RP-nanoHPLC. Complementary data sets were acquired using MALDI-MS for identification and ICP-MS for quantification. In this context, an online precleaning step was developed and implemented in the nanoHPLC separation routine, which allowed for effective removal of excess reagents. This lead to lowered metal backgrounds during ICP-MS measurements and thus better data interpretability, while guarding peptide recovery at a maximum level. An alternative offline purification using solid phase extraction (SPE) resulted in important peptide losses and can be considered unsuitable for quantitative analysis. Additives to the nanoHPLC eluents, such as HFBA and EDTA were tested and not deemed beneficial for the analysis of normal peptide samples. HFBA can be reconsidered for special application on very hydrophilic peptide species. A set of labelled peptides was developed, which due to application of known quantities could be employed for quick and simple quantification of a low complexity digest sample. In addition this peptide set allowed for the reliable superposition of chromatograms, enabling sample comparability especially for complementary ICP-MS and MALDI-MS data. Experiments for application of fsLA-ICP-MS on MALDI-MS target plates were conducted and showed very promising results. For this purpose, samples that were already identified using MALDI-MS were supposed to be remeasured using fsLA-ICP-MS. First quantification attempts on the modified steel target plate were successful and in the range of expectance. Adjusted parameters for MALDI-MS allowed for proper peptide identifications
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Kister, Paul Stéphanie. "L'enseignement du français langue seconde - langue de scolarisation (FLS / FLSco) aux élèves allophones arrivants accueillis en classe ordinaire à l'école élémentaire." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAC008.
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Cette thèse a pour objet l’étude des représentations des professeurs des écoles relatives aux spécificités du français en usage à l’école afin d’orienter et d’optimiser l’outillage pédagogique nécessaire à l’accueil, en classe ordinaire, d’élèves allophones nouvellement arrivés en France. La première partie de la thèse dresse un état des lieux de l’enseignement du français aux nouveaux arrivants allophones scolarisés à l’école élémentaire sans soutien spécifique. Puis, une clarification des concepts de français langue seconde (FLS) et de français langue de scolarisation (FLSco) est effectuée. Cet éclairage vise à fournir l’appui théorique nécessaire à l’analyse des enquêtes menées auprès des professeurs des écoles, interrogés sur les spécificités du français en usage à l’école, à la fois, langue de communication particulière, matière enseignée et langue des matières enseignées. Le recueil et l’analyse de leurs réponses composent la seconde partie de cette thèse. Les résultats générés servent de point d’ancrage aux diverses propositions didactiques et pédagogiques élaborées pour faciliter la prise en charge des nouveaux arrivants allophones, mais également de tous les élèves qui connaissent des difficultés avec la maitrise du français de / à l’écoleThis research aims at studying the representations of elementary school teachers about the specificities of the French language used at school, in order to guide and optimize the educational materials needed by allophone pupils recently arrived in France, included into ordinary classes. The first part of the thesis proposes an inventory of French teaching at allophone pupils immersed in an elementary school without any support. Next, some clarification of the concepts of French as a second language (FSL) and French as the language of schooling is done. It will help enlightening the analysis of the surveys of school teachers questioned about the specificities of French used at school, such as a specific communication language, a language as subject and a language of the other subjects. The collection and the analysis of the answers compose the second part of this thesis. The results obtained serve as a support to make didactic and pedagogical proposals to facilitate school inclusion of newly arrived allophone children, and also, of all pupils who have difficulties with French of / at school
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Soto, Joya Maria Fernanda. "¿Nosotros? Sandinistas : recuerdos de revolución en la frontera agrícola de Nicaragua." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/14767.
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In 1990, ten years after the Sandinista revolution's triumph, came its end. What followed were anti-Sandinistas' attempts to erase Nicaragua's revolutionary past and Sandinistas' defense of that project and the party that represents it, the Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional (FSLN). For most Sandinistas, to publicly remember the revolution was a form of defense. Their memories were considered counter-hegemonic ones that reminded people that the past and the revolution's propositions still had value. However, Sandinistas' revolutionary narratives of the past are not free of problems and contradictions. The FSLN has popularized a Sandinista collective memory that idealizes the revolution. This is an indulgent memory that avoids talking about mistakes and problems. It is also a sentimental memory that links sandinismo to high morals and goodness and, in doing so, inhibits questioning the past and the present. This collective memory hinders discussions about other Sandinista memories, but, most importantly, it legitimizes problematic continuities in the way power is exerted; continuities which are not unique to sandinismo. This dissertation analyses how Sandinista peasants from a region in the old agrarian frontier of the country remember the revolution. In analyzing their memories one can see the ways in which the revolution is felt, the meaning of sandinismo among that population, and the kinds of political compromises they have to make today. Their memories show that the strength of the FSLN lies not only in economical or political interests, but also in the way the narratives of the past reaffirm attachments built over thirty years or more. While remembering the revolution's political ideals continues to be an important political statement and source of inspiration, constant critiques should be part of any memory work. To start with, memory work needs to acknowledge the constructed character of any memory, be those personal or collective, and the omissions that constitute them. To do so entail recognizing that memories are made of exclusions, repetitions, and forgetting and that the political work of memory not only never ends but involves the difficult task of questioning itself.text
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Keyser, Matthew L., and 康麥修. "FSN Supplements Business Plan." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ww9ms9.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
企業管理碩士專班
105
Asia is the fastest growing market for supplements in the world. One of the main contributing factors for this is the aging population seen throughout major countries in Asia. Currently, there are more elderly people taking dietary supplements than any other age group in the region. The reason for this, dietary supplements improve physical and mental capabilities, while adding essential nutrients to the body. As people age, healthier diets become increasingly important. Another contributing factor for the growth of the supplement industry in Asia is the rise of health conscious young adults. There are more and more young adults choosing healthier lifestyle choices by opting for sports and exercise. This can be seen by the number of gyms popping up all over Asia and the number of young adults participating in weightlifting and team sports like basketball, soccer, or baseball. Whether people are looking to stay healthy or improve their appearance, nutritional supplements are becoming a must have when it comes to staying healthy. Currently, the sale of sports supplements in Taiwan are primarily limited to international companies with few building a large presence in Taiwan. The following business plan includes the research, development and planned implementation of a supplement start-up company based in Taiwan.
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Hill, Beth Lindroth. "The Ttc7 fsn/fsn mutation results in hyperactivation of lymphocytes and overproduction of IL-4 leading to the development of systemic autoimmunity /." 2008. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/theses.asp?highlight=1&Cmd=abstract&ID=BMB2008-001.
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許仁澤. "Study on Distribution Model of PCDD/Fsin the Environmental Media around Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89537049654489112999.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
環境工程學研究所
91
The government plans to build 30 municipal solid waste incinerators（MSWIs）, that total designed capacity is 26,250 tons/day in Taiwan before 2007. The capacity is enough for all household garbage in Taiwan area. MSWIs are the major emission sources of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins（PCDDs）, dibenzofurans（PCDFs）, and biphenyls（PCBs）. Although the dioxins standard of MSWIs in Taiwan is the most strict regulation, but people live close to MSWIs lack of confidence of the operation and management of MSWIs. They are afraid of the environmental influence and human damage by the air pollutants emitted from the MSWIs, and worry about dioxins emissions of MSWIs specially. In Taiwan, the risk assessment processes and results of dioxins organic compounds, not only assumes the worst emission but also applies some assessment parameters of few countries. Those risk assessments might not represent the actual risk in Taiwan. We need to establish a complete dioxins emission and environmental distribution inventory as soon as possible in Taiwan. This study collects dioxins emissions and distribution investigations related to MSWIs, including ambient air, plant, and soil environmental media, then selects a MSWI to compare and analyze dioxins patterns, 17 congeners and 10 homologues, and the correlations between the emission source and environmental media. The statistic methods are Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results of this study includes :（1）All samples of each medium have distinguishable congener/homologue patterns correlation. （2）There are highly similar congener/homologue patterns between MSWI stack emission and ambient air samples. （3）Plant samples of the congener/homologue patters is similar to ambient air samples. （4）Soil sample congener/homologue patterns are dissimilar to the others media. By the PCA, there are two common factors that only explain 56.41%（congener patterns）and 63.19%（homologue patterns） variances of all media.
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Watkins, Nicholas Arthur. "The F-box Protein FSN-1 Governs Presynaptic Development in Caenorhabditis elegans." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/29638.
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Synapses are specialized sub-cellular junctions that transmit signals between neurons and their targets. In Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) the F-box protein FSN-1 and the PHR family member RPM-1 form the SCFFSN-1 E3 ubiquitin ligase, which plays an important role in regulating synaptic growth factors. This SCF complex is evolutionarily conserved across species, and regulates many cellular processes including axon outgrowth, apoptosis and synaptogenesis.
This thesis focuses on identifying targets of SCFFSN-1 that contribute to synaptogenesis. Forward genetics was employed to screens and isolate mutants that exhibit genetic interactions with fsn-1. I have identified an allele of the MAPK pmk-3(hp246) and three alleles of the MAPKKK dlk-1(hp180, hp192, hp195) that suppress fsn-1 defects. In addition, I have isolated five fsn-1 suppressing alleles and evidence suggests that these suppressors are likely novel fsn-1 suppressors.
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Van, der Walt Juanita. "The storage of forensic evidence at the forensic science laboratory (FSL) in Pretoria." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3866.
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M.Tech.It is the responsibility of the Forensic Science Laboratory (FSL) in Pretoria to analyse and store (DNA) evidence. This includes evidence received from the South African Police Service (SAPS), evidence in process and DNA stored for future analysis. Evidence is eventually presented and questioned in court and the flow of the evidence from the crime scene to the courts must be validated by ensuring that contamination does not take place at any point during the evidence supply chain, including the collecting, handling and documenting thereof. Rectifying mistakes in this process could be costly to the judicial system, not only in monetary terms, but in time and resources. The main purpose of this study has therefore been to investigate the FSL as a storage facility and to identify the warehousing activities that take place. In order to fulfil this purpose, the study covers the following aspects: the role and importance of the evidence supply chain the storage of evidence at the FSL the warehousing activities and procedures of the FSL, for example: the tracking and order picking of evidence the storage facilities and systems of the FSL, for example: the Electronic Management System (EMS) the customer service provided by the FSL conclusions and recommendations regarding the flow of DNA evidence from receipt of evidence up to delivering the findings after analysis of evidence at the FSL. The study includes detailed case studies of DNA evidence and its uses, as well as information of the storage and warehousing of DNA evidence at the FSL.
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Hwang, Christine. "The Presynaptic F-box Protein FSN-1 Regulates Synapse Development via Retrograde Insulin Signaling in Caenorhabditis elegans." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/24582.
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Synaptogenesis entails the development and establishment of functional synapses, which form the fundamental unit of communication in the nervous system. Initially identified in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), the FSN-1, F-box protein family has emerged as evolutionarily conserved binding partners of PHR family proteins, which regulate synaptogenesis. Previously, we have shown that FSN-1 and RPM-1 form a SCF/FSN-1/RPM-1 ubiquitin ligase complex that negatively regulates synapse growth by downregulating presynaptic targets, like the MAP kinase pathway. For my master’s thesis, I used a combination of both candidate and forward genetic approaches to identify additional components of signaling pathways that are regulated by FSN-1 during synaptogenesis. Our studies are among the first to suggest diverging roles for these partners and provide the first evidence for a mechanism through which the F-box protein regulates synaptogenesis via retrograde insulin/IGF/FOXO signaling and glucosaminidase/O-GlcNAc modifications.
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Kimberly, Ann MacDonald. "Two Telecollaborative Contexts for Writing in a Beginner FSL University Program: Achievement, Perceptions, and Identity." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/19130.
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Face-to-face interaction with target language (TL) group members can provide the intensive second language (L2) exposure required to enhance motivation; it improves attitudes towards L2 development, and promotes achievement (Freed, 1995; Warden, Lapkin, Swain, & Hart, 1995). However, face-to-face interaction with TL group members is not always possible. This is especially true for former core French (CF) students who have enrolled in beginner French as a Second Language (FSL) courses at universities in predominantly Anglophone regions of Canada. To address this issue, I designed a mixed-method case study to examine opportunities for providing intensive FSL exposure and enhancing motivation for beginner FSL university learners. The participants were 55 beginning learners of FSL studying at an Anglophone university in Atlantic Canada. To examine intensive FSL exposure, I compared the overall writing achievement over time of 2 groups interacting in a telecollaborative context: (a) a group interacting with younger Francophone Acadians in another province; and (b) a group interacting with classroom peers of similar L2 proficiency. To gain indepth insight into the effects of the telecollaboration, I explored 4 learners’ L2 motivational self-system: (a) perceptions of their prior and current language-learning experiences; and (b) how language-learner identity was shaped by the experiences. The study is based on 5 data sources: writing samples, background questionnaires, stimulated-recall interviews, language-learning autobiographies, and ongoing observations. It is grounded in 5 bodies of knowledge: the Input-Interaction-Output hypothesis within a socio-cultural perspective (Block, 2003), current L2 writing theory, collaborative learning theory, telecollaborative research, and Dörnyei’s (2005) L2 Motivational Self-System Theory.
Quantitative comparison of overall writing achievement in the 2 telecollaborative writing contexts (using Mann-Whitney U tests) revealed that the comparison group performed better than the treatment group. Qualitative findings, however, demonstrated that the treatment group had more positive perceptions of their language-learning experiences with respect to L2 writing achievement at university, as well as more positive language-learner identities than did the comparison group. Further exploration of language-learner identities from an L2 motivational self-system perspective identified 3 identity shaping characteristics: evolution, demotivation and amotivation, and self-regulation.