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Journal articles on the topic 'FSO'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 26 July 2025

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1

Shimamura, Yoshihide. "FPSO/FSO: State of the art." Journal of Marine Science and Technology 7, no. 2 (2002): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007730200013.

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Jeong, Dae-Kyo, Cheol-Sun Park, and Dongwoo Kim. "Secrecy Outage of Threshold-Based FSO/RF-FSO Switching Systems." Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences 45, no. 12 (2020): 2094–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.7840/kics.2020.45.12.2094.

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3

Bag, Banibrata, Akinchan Das, Imran Shafique Ansari, Ales Prokes, Chayanika Bose, and Aniruddha Chandra. "Performance Analysis of Hybrid FSO Systems Using FSO/RF-FSO Link Adaptation." IEEE Photonics Journal 10, no. 3 (2018): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jphot.2018.2837356.

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Han, Boyu. "A comprehensive review of performance analysis of RF-FSO hybrid communication systems." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2649, no. 1 (2023): 012019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2649/1/012019.

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Abstract The combination of radio frequency (RF) and free-space optical (FSO) communication has grown in importance as a study area for wireless communication systems in recent years. This technology has the ability to address the rising need for high-speed, high-capacity wireless communication in a variety of applications by successfully integrating the benefits of both RF and FSO communication. The performance analysis of various communication systems based on RF-FSO hybrid technology is covered in detail in this research. An overview of the RF-FSO hybrid technology and its many architecture

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Barzan K. Azo, Kamal Kolo, and Mohammad Pirouei. "Differentiation of Multi-lithotypes Olistostromal Occurrences Associated with Iron Enrichment and Mineralization Within the Ophiolites of Choman Area, NE Iraq." Tikrit Journal of Pure Science 28, no. 2 (2023): 32–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.v28i2.1335.

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The discovery of multi-lithotypes olistostromes deposits associated with potentially economically viable iron ore mineralizations in the Rayat region of NE Iraq are described in this study. The depositional and differentiation-classification characteristics of multi-lithotypes of olistostromes with distinct depositional and characteristics are reported here through detailed petrographic, mineralogical, and geochemical data, that allowed for mineralization mechanisms assessment and associated hydrothermal and alteration processes. Ferruginous conglomerate lithotypes occur below the sandstone ol

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Ladesi, Vivian Karim. "APLIKASI ANALISIS KEANDALAN PADA KEKUATAN PELAT FLOATING STORAGE OFFLOADING (FSO) DENGAN MEMAKAI SIMULASI MONTE CARLO." Menara: Jurnal Teknik Sipil 1, no. 1 (2006): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jmenara.v1i1.7816.

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Analisis keandalan akhir-akhir ini semakin banyak yang menggunakanya seiring dengan perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi. Bukan saja diaplikasikan pada bidang statistik yang menjadi induknya tetapi juga diberbagai bidang terutama pada analisis struktur yang erat hubungannya dengan peramalan dan analisa resiko. Floating Storage Offloading (FSO) merupakan struktur terapung di lautan seperti kapal tanker yang berfungsi untuk melakukan bongkar muat minyak. Dengan keberadaan FSO di lingkungan laut di mana tingkat ketidak pastian yang begitu tinggi maka analisis keandalan merupakan faktor pen

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Basahel, Ahmed, Md Rafiqul Islam, Mohamed Habaebi, and Suriza Ahmad. "Availability Prediction Methods for Terrestrial Free-Space-Optical Link Under Tropical Climate." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 10, no. 1 (2018): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v10.i1.pp224-229.

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<p>Free-space optical (FSO) links provide high speed point-to-point wireless communication, but its availability can easily be affected by weather conditions. In heavy rainfall regions, FSO links are relatively sensitive to rain. Availability prediction of FSO is indispensable part, especially in tropical areas. In this paper, methods to predict FSO link availability are presented. The overall performance of FSO link is described in terms of the availability that can be achieved over anticipated link distance. The availability prediction methods demonstrated for an FSO link ranges up to

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Ahmed, Basahel, Rafiqul Islam Md., Habaebi Mohamed, and Ahmad Suriza. "Availability Prediction Methods for Terrestrial Free-SpaceOptical Link Under Tropical Climate." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 10, no. 1 (2018): 224–29. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v10.i1.pp224-229.

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Free-space optical (FSO) links provide high speed point-to-point wireless communication, but its availability can easily be affected by weather conditions. In heavy rainfall regions, FSO links are relatively sensitive to rain. Availability prediction of FSO is indispensable part, especially in tropical areas. In this paper, methods to predict FSO link availability are presented. The overall performance of FSO link is described in terms of the availability that can be achieved over anticipated link distance. The availability prediction methods demonstrated for an FSO link ranges up to 5 km. The

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9

Wu, Yan, Dejin Kong, Qian Wang, and Gang Li. "Performance Analysis of UAV-Assisted Hybrid FSO/RF Communication Systems under Various Weather Conditions." Sensors 23, no. 17 (2023): 7638. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23177638.

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Nowadays, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communication systems are commonly considered as one of the key enabling technologies for 6G. The hybrid free space optical (FSO)/radio frequency (RF) system has the advantages of both FSO and RF links to improve communication system performance, and the relay-assisted system adopts multi-hop transmission and cooperative diversity methods to extend communication coverage. Thus, a joint consideration of UAV-assistedUAV assisted relay in hybrid FSO/RF transmission is meaningful. In this paper, we aim to analyze the performance of UAV-assisted multi-hop par

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Alatawi, Ayshah S., Albashir A. Youssef, Mohamed Abaza, Mohammad Ammad Uddin, and Ali Mansour. "Effects of Atmospheric Turbulence on Optical Wireless Communication in NEOM Smart City." Photonics 9, no. 4 (2022): 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics9040262.

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The foundation of any smart city requires an innovative and robust communication infrastructure. Many research communities envision free-space optical communication (FSO) as a promising backbone technology for the services and applications provided by such cities. However, the channel through which the FSO signal travels is the atmosphere. Therefore, the FSO performance is limited by the local weather conditions. The variation in meteorological variables leads to variations of the refractive index along the transmission path. These index inhomogeneities (i.e., atmospheric turbulence) can signi

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Gao, Guoying, Wei Chu, Zhonglin Chen, and Jimin Shen. "Catalytic ozonation of diclofenac with iron silicate-loaded pumice in aqueous solution." Water Supply 17, no. 5 (2017): 1458–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2017.048.

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The catalytic ozonation of diclofenac (DCF) with iron silicate-loaded pumice (FSO/PMC) in aqueous solution was investigated. FSO/PMC was synthesized by a co-precipitation–impregnation method and characterized using scanning electron microscope, N2 adsorption–desorption, X-ray fluorescence, and pHpzc measurements. Results showed that the FSO/PMC/O3 process obviously improved total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiency from 32.3% (using sole ozonation) to 73.3% in 60 min. DCF mineralization in various oxidation processes was found to follow a two-stage pseudo-first-order kinetics. The presence

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Tashkandi, Bayan, Ghaidaa Baghdadi, and Azza Baghdadi. "Protective Impact of Flaxseed Oil against Acetaminophen-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats: Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Pathway." Journal of Complementary Medicine Research 14, no. 1 (2023): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/jcmr.2023.14.01.11.

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Acetaminophen (AAP) is a commonly analgesic found in numerous non-prescription pharmaceuticals. High dose and chronic ingestion of AAP caused renal toxicity. This study is designed to assess the possible nephroprotective role of flaxseed oil (FSO) in male rats. Nephrotoxicity was induced in rats via ingested a single dose of AAP (3 g/kg). Five groups of rats were used; Control, AAP, FSO (1.5 ml/kg) + AAP, FSO (3 ml/kg) + AAP, and FSO (4.5 ml/kg) + AAP. Rats were received orally FSO for 30 days and at the 30th day received AAP 1 h before FSO. Serum renal function indices were determined. Also,

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Gueye, Ibrahima, Ibra Dioum, Idy Diop, et al. "Performance of Hybrid RF/FSO Cooperative Systems Based on Quasicyclic LDPC Codes and Space-Coupled LDPC Codes." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2020 (December 30, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8814588.

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Free space optical (FSO) communication systems provide wireless line of sight connectivity in the unlicensed spectrum, and wireless optical communication achieves higher data rates compared to their radio frequency (RF) counterparts. FSO systems are particularly attractive for last mile access problem by bridging fiber optic backbone connectivity to RF access networks. To cope with this practical deployment scenario, there has been increasing attention to the so-called dual-hop (RF/FSO) systems where RF transmission is used at a hop followed by FSO transmission to another. In this article, we

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VERMA, NISHA, M. P. SINGH, AMIT NATH, POONAM KASHYAP, S. P. SINGH, and A. S. PANWAR. "Feminine farm operational methods, involvement, hardships and sensitivity in farming systems analysis." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 90, no. 1 (2020): 96–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v90i1.98552.

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The present study has been conducted to identify the sensitivity in the pre-dominant farming systems of Western plain zone of Uttar Pradesh (WPZ) considering the importance of gender specific technologies much needed for better efficiency and productivity of farming systems. Four pre-dominant farming systems have been identified in WPZ of Uttar Pradesh with the highest area share (57.1%) and highest farmer distribution (62.9%) in FS1: Crop + Dairy (1C+1-2B). The highest net return was found in FS2: Crop + Horticulture (Fruits) + Dairy (2C+ 1-2 B), whereas the lowest net return was noticed in F

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15

Khalid, Hira, Sajid Sheikh Muhammad, Hector E. Nistazakis, and George S. Tombras. "Performance Analysis of Hard-Switching Based Hybrid FSO/RF System over Turbulence Channels." Computation 7, no. 2 (2019): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computation7020028.

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The hybrid system of free space optic (FSO) and radio frequency (RF) has come forth as alternative good solution for increasing demand for high data rates in wireless communication networks. In this paper, wireless networks with hard-switching between FSO and RF link are analyzed, assuming that at a certain time point either one of the two links are active, with FSO link having higher priority. As the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of FSO link falls below a certain selected threshold, the RF link is activated. In this work, it is assumed that the FSO link follows Gamma-Gamma fading due to the atm

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16

Soni, Gaurav. "A Performance Analysis of Free-Space Optical Link at 1,550 nm, 850 nm, 650 nm and 532 nm Optical Wavelengths." Journal of Optical Communications 39, no. 3 (2018): 335–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/joc-2016-0118.

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Abstract Free Space Optics (FSO) communication technique is a unique method for the communication between optical transmitter and optical receiver using a free space as a medium. The advantages of FSO over other wireless communication techniques is its low power, high security, low cost infrastructure, high data rates and unlicensed spectrum. There are many atmospheric disturbances like rain, fog, water molecules particles which degrade the performance of the FSO Link. In this paper, the FSO Link is optimized at different optical wavelengths of 1550 nm, 850 nm, 650 nm and 532 nm keeping into c

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17

Alimi, Isiaka A., and Paulo P. Monteiro. "Revolutionizing Free-Space Optics: A Survey of Enabling Technologies, Challenges, Trends, and Prospects of Beyond 5G Free-Space Optical (FSO) Communication Systems." Sensors 24, no. 24 (2024): 8036. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24248036.

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As the demand for high-speed, low-latency communication continues to grow, free-space optical (FSO) communication has gained prominence as a promising solution for supporting the next generation of wireless networks, especially in the context of the 5G and beyond era. It offers high-speed, low-latency data transmission over long distances without the need for a physical infrastructure. However, the deployment of FSO systems faces significant challenges, such as atmospheric turbulence, weather-induced signal degradation, and alignment issues, all of which can impair performance. This paper offe

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Kassim, Abduljalal Yusha’u, Vitalice Kalecha Oduol, and Aliyu Danjuma Usman. "Outage analysis of a single-threshold hard-switching hybrid FSO/RF system for reliable pico-macrocell backhauling." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 36, no. 3 (2024): 1543. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v36.i3.pp1543-1554.

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In the quest for high-speed, reliable and cost-effective backhaul solutions for modern cellular networks, the hybrid free space optical (FSO) and radio frequency (RF) communication system is envisaged to be a promising technology. The hybrid system merges the benefits of both RF and FSO subsystems, delivering high data rates and reliability. The integration of both technologies improves the communication system's performance by addressing the inherent limitations of each. This study proposes a single-threshold hard-switching hybrid FSO/RF system for reliable pico-macrocell backhauling applicat

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Kumar, M. Vinoth, Vinod Kumar, and Rupali Singh. "INVESTIGATION OF PSK/QAM MODULATED HYBRID FIBER OPTIC AND FREE SPACE OPTIC SYSTEM UNDER VARIOUS ATMOSPHERIC LOSSES." ASEAN Engineering Journal 13, no. 1 (2023): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/aej.v13.18071.

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This research aims to investigate how effectively digital modulation performs to transfer data via hybrid fiber optic and free space optic (FO-FSO) channels for last-mile communication systems. Digital modulation techniques investigated are phase-shift keying (PSK) 8-PSK, 16-PSK, quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) 4-QAM, 16-QAM, and 64-QAM. FSO is line-of-sight technology being a solution to a last-mile communication system for the challenge of fiber optic cables installation. Combining FSO with fiber optic technology avoids bending losses and the implementation challenges of fiber optic ca

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Li, Ming, Pengxin Zhang, and Jiawei Han. "Methods of Atmospheric Coherence Length Measurement." Applied Sciences 12, no. 6 (2022): 2980. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12062980.

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Free-space optical (FSO) communication possesses the advantages of high security, large information capacity, high-speed transmission, small terminal size, low power consumption, easy and flexible deployment, etc. It is a promising communication technique, and could be an alternative to optical fiber communication and traditional radio frequency (RF) communication. One of principal challenges that FSO faces is the susceptibility of the atmospheric channel, which is turbulent in nature. After the optical signals propagate over the atmospheric channel, their wavefronts suffer from deleterious pe

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Abdul Asif, Sayyad Sameer, K. Sony, and P. Saleem Akram. "Seasonal Signal Attenuation in Free-Space Optical Links: A Case Study of Coastal Regions (Goa, Odisha, Kanyakumari)." Metallurgical and Materials Engineering 31, no. 4 (2025): 537–44. https://doi.org/10.63278/1482.

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Free-Space Optics (FSO) presents a compelling alternative for high-bandwidth communication, offering rapid deployment and cost-effectiveness compared to traditional wired systems. 1 However, FSO systems are susceptible to atmospheric conditions, particularly in coastal regions characterized by significant seasonal variations in weather. 2 This study investigates the impact of seasonal signal attenuation on FSO links operating in three distinct coastal regions of India: Goa, Odisha, and Kanyakumari. Utilizing Differential Phase-Shift Keying (DPSK) modulation, the research evaluates the performa

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Rani, Monika, Harbax Singh Bhatti, and Vikramjeet Singh. "Analysis of Atmospheric Turbulence on Free Space Optical System using Homotopy Perturbation Method." Journal of Optical Communications 40, no. 4 (2019): 441–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/joc-2017-0099.

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AbstractFree Space Optics (FSO) is a wireless optical communication technology which depends on propagation of optical beam through air. FSO communication system provides secure communication link, cost-effective solution and license-free operation. In this paper, the FSO communication link has been analysed in turbulent atmosphere using homotopy perturbation method (HPM). We have designed a FSO system operating at an optical wavelength of 850 nm with a signal power of 4 dBm having a link range of 2 km between transmitter and receiver unit. It has been observed that in atmospheric turbulence h

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Abduljalal, Yusha'u Kassim Vitalice Kalecha Oduol Aliyu Danjuma Usman. "Outage analysis of a single-threshold hard-switching hybrid FSO/RF system for reliable pico-macrocell backhauling." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 36, no. 3 (2024): 1543–54. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v36.i3.pp1543-1554.

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In the quest for high-speed, reliable and cost-effective backhaul solutions for modern cellular networks, the hybrid free space optical (FSO) and radio frequency (RF) communication system is envisaged to be a promising technology. The hybrid system merges the benefits of both RF and FSO subsystems, delivering high data rates and reliability. The integration of both technologies improves the communication system's performance by addressing the inherent limitations of each. This study proposes a single-threshold hard-switching hybrid FSO/RF system for reliable pico-macrocell backhauling applicat

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Mani, Vinoth Kumar, and Vinod Kumar. "Free-space optical channel performance under atmospheric losses using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 25, no. 3 (2022): 1571. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v25.i3.pp1571-1579.

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<span>Free space optics (FSO) is a fast-growing technology that outperforms fiber optics in communication network infrastructure without spectrum licensing. The goal of this work is to evaluate the performance of the FSO communication system using direct detection 4-quadrature amplitude modulation (4-QAM) and 4-phase shift keying (4-PSK) with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme. Simulating a direct detection OFDM-FSO system and comparing constellation diagrams, electrical power, and optical power have been used to conduct the analysis. The model is validated using a

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Demir, Pelin, and Güneş Yılmaz. "Investigation of the Atmospheric Attenuation Factors in FSO Communication Systems Using the Taguchi Method." International Journal of Optics 2020 (March 12, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9038053.

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In this study, Mie and Rayleigh scattering in free space optics (FSO) communication systems were investigated in terms of the atmospheric attenuation. Because of the movement of the Earth, the communication distance and surrounding gas densities are inconsistent in each region. This change leads to atmospheric attenuation and then data losses and inefficient communication in FSO occur. Therefore, the density change and distance must be calculated in each communication once the data is transmitted. In the literature, it was observed that the atmospheric attenuation is regarding some FSO communi

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Sekine, Seiji, Shiho Sasanuki, Yoshihiro Murano, Toshiaki Aoyama та Hiroyuki Takeuchi. "α-Linolenic Acid-Rich Flaxseed Oil Ingestion Increases Plasma Adiponectin Level in Rats". International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 78, № 45 (2008): 223–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831.78.45.223.

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Adiponectin, an adipose-specific secretory protein, exhibits antidiabetic and antiatherogenic properties. The effect of α-linolenic acid (ALA) on adiponectin has not been revealed. ALA is included abundantly in vegetable oils such as flaxseed oil. In this study, we attempted to clarify the effect of ALA-rich flaxseed oil (FSO) intake on the adiponectin level in rats. Seven-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed test diets containing high oleic safflower oil (HOSO) or FSO for 4 weeks. After the experimental period, the plasma adiponectin concentration in the FSO-fed group was higher than th

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A. Atiyah, Mahdi, Lwaa Faisal Abdulameer, and Gaurav Narkhedel. "PDF Comparison based on Various FSO Channel Models under Different Atmospheric Turbulence." Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal 19, no. 4 (2023): 78–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.22153/kej.2023.09.004.

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Recently, wireless communication environments with high speeds and low complexity have become increasingly essential. Free-space optics (FSO) has emerged as a promising solution for providing direct connections between devices in such high-spectrum wireless setups. However, FSO communications are susceptible to weather-induced signal fluctuations, leading to fading and signal weakness at the receiver. To mitigate the effects of these challenges, several mathematical models have been proposed to describe the transition from weak to strong atmospheric turbulence, including Rayleigh, lognormal, M

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Mani, Vinoth Kumar, and Vinod Kumar. "Free-space optical channel performance under atmospheric losses using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 25, no. 3 (2022): 1571–79. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v25.i3.pp1571-1579.

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Free space optics (FSO) is a fast-growing technology that outperforms fiber optics in communication network infrastructure without spectrum licensing. The goal of this work is to evaluate the performance of the FSO communication system using direct detection 4-quadrature amplitude modulation (4-QAM) and 4-phase shift keying (4-PSK) with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme. Simulating a direct detection OFDM-FSO system and comparing constellation diagrams, electrical power, and optical power have been used to conduct the analysis. The model is validated using a constellatio

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Saleh, Reem, and Ibrahim Mohamed. "Optimizing the Erbium-doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA)'s Length and Location for Improved Free Space Optic (FSO) Range." International Science and Technology Journal 36, no. 1 (2025): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.62341/rsim1905.

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Although free space optical (FSO) communication has a variety of advantages, such as license free, high bandwidth, and high security, its link distance is limited by weather conditions. Incorporating an optical amplifier within the FSO transmission path is one of the most promising methods to mitigate the aforementioned problem. The use of optical amplifiers not only improve signal to noise ratio (SNR), but also increase the link distance of the FSO system. In this paper, the erbium-doped fiber (EDFA)'s length and location were optimized to improve the FSO transmission range. The optimization

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Bello, Nasiba Muhammad, Sani Halliru, Suleiman Aliyu Babale, and Maryam Amal Abbdullahi. "An Improved Wavelength Diversity Based Free Space Optical Link: Effects of Fog and Atmospheric Turbulence." Journal of Engineering Research and Reports 24, no. 10 (2023): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jerr/2023/v24i10848.

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Free-space optical (FSO) communication systems have received a lot of attention from academia and industries due to their low cost, high security and data rates for various wireless communication applications. However, factors such as fog and atmospheric turbulence degrade the performance of the FSO communication system. Therefore, this study presents an improved wavelength diversity based free space optical link using a single channel approach. The authors employed both Kim and Al-Naboulsi’s models to model the attenuation-induced FSO link. Furthermore, the Gamma-Gamma turbulent model was uti

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Dattatreya, Manoj Meenakshi Babu. "The Role of FSO in Financial Services." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 4 (2024): 4904–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.60785.

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Abstract: This paper explores the critical role of Full Stack Observability (FSO) in the financial services industry, discussing its significance in addressing key challenges such as security, fraud detection, real-time transaction monitoring, compliance, and customer experience. The adoption of FSO tools has been increasing steadily, with industry reports projecting the FSO market in financial services to grow at a CAGR of 18.3% from 2021 to 2026. The paper presents real-world success stories of financial institutions that have implemented FSO solutions, showcasing the tangible benefits such

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Poonam, Agrawal, and Kumar Toshniwal Sandeep. "Determination of Maximum Optical Range of FSO Link Affected by Atmospheric Attenuation in Spatial Diversity." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 2, no. 6 (2018): 648–52. https://doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd18261.

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In this paper we have analyzed free space optical communication system affected by atmospheric attenuation in spatial diversity. Spatial diversity means different numbers of transmitters and receivers in FSO link. We have taken five configurations of FSO which are 1x1, 2x2, 4x4, 8x8, and 16x16. 2x2 configuration means there are 2 transmitters and 2 receivers in FSO link. FSO link is analyzed at 1550 nm wavelength for different values of input power. Attenuation is taken as clear 0.43 dB Km , haze 4.3 dB Km and fog 43 dB Km . Maximum optical range of FSO link is calculated for constant Q factor

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Patimah, Ai Siti, Sigit Heru Murti, and Agus Prsaetya. "Dampak Penurunan Kualitas Air Laut Dari Kegiatan Operasi Floating Storage and Offlaoding (FSO) Challenger Lepas Pantai Blok Bawean." Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan 20, no. 3 (2022): 484–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jil.20.3.484-493.

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Floating Storage and Offloading (FSO) terletak pada koordinat 6° 43’51.84” LS dan 112° 09’19.84” BT berada di Blok Bawean. Fasilitas FSO adalah tanker pengangkut dan penyimpan crude oil dengan kapasitas 900.000 barrel. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengetahui parameter kualitas air laut di FSO Challenger semester II 2018 (2) mengevaluasi kecenderungan dan tingkat kekritisan kualitas air laut di FSO Challenger tahun 2015-2018. Lokasi penelitian pada bagian Up stream dan Down stream FSO Challenger, parameter yang diuji yaitu kekeruhan, TSS, suhu, pH, BOD5, N-NH3, lemak dan minyak (grease an

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Darusalam, Ucuk, Fitri Yuli Zulkifli, Purnomo Sidi Priambodo, and Eko Tjipto Rahardjo. "Hybrid optical communications for supporting the Palapa Ring network." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 9, no. 3 (2020): 1055–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v9i3.2008.

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In order to connecting villages in rural area with a city, a hybrid optical communication is proposed. The Optical fiber communications that are implemented as a backbone on the Palapa Ring network has an opportunity to be expanded to reach rural area through the implementation of free-space optical communications (FSO) as the optical relaying networks (ORN). The major problem of FSO as the ORN is turbulence effects induce an optical propagation. In this research, FSO as the ORN implements novel technique to improve the performance of hybrid FSO where the amplification of signal is produced th

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Ucuk, Darusalam, Yuli Zulkifli Fitri, Sidi Priambodo Purnomo, and Tjipto Rahardjo Eko. "Hybrid optical communications for supporting the Palapa Ring network." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 9, no. 3 (2020): 1055–66. https://doi.org/10.11591/eei.v9i3.2008.

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In order to connecting villages in rural area with a city, a hybrid optical communication is proposed. The Optical fiber communications that are implemented as a backbone on the Palapa Ring network has an opportunity to be expanded to reach rural area through the implementation of free-space optical communications (FSO) as the optical relaying networks (ORN). The major problem of FSO as the ORN is turbulence effects induce an optical propagation. In this research, FSO as the ORN implements novel technique to improve the performance of hybrid FSO where the amplification of signal is produced th

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Wu, Yan, Mengwan Jiang, Gang Li, and Dejin Kong. "Systematic Performance Analysis of Hybrid FSO/RF System over Generalized Fading Channels with Pointing Errors." Photonics 9, no. 11 (2022): 873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics9110873.

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Hybrid free space optical (FSO)/radio frequency (RF) system has attracted extensive attention because of its advantages of both the FSO and RF links. From the viewpoint of overall system performance, this paper presents a systematic analysis method of communication performance and security performance of the hybrid FSO/RF system with the Málaga turbulence channel and the α−μ fading channel. The hybrid FSO/RF system adopts the diversity method of maximum ratio combining (MRC) to receive signals. The new expressions of communication performance parameters (i.e., the bit error rate, the outage pr

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Shreya, S. Patil, Joseph Chinchu, T. Varpe D., and A. Bazil Raj A. "A Comprehensive Review on Security in Free-Space Optical Communication." International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews 12, no. 3 (2024): 150–80. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13851700.

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<strong>Abstract:</strong><em> </em>Free Space Optical (FSO) Communication is an optical communication technology that uses laser beams to wirelessly transmit data over free space. It is a prominent and essential technology in wireless communication. It is an in-demand technology for wireless communication as it has high data rate transmission capacity, high bandwidth, low latency, and lower power consumption. FSO Communication is very advantageous in regards to security in the communication technology. Even then issues with respect to security persists as there is advancement in different tec

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Thakur, Er Sushila, and Er Rajeev Thakur. "A SURVEY ON PERFORMANCE OF FREE SPACE OPTICAL COMMUNICATION LINK." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY 14, no. 12 (2015): 6295–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v14i12.1730.

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The modern era of communication needs a system with high bandwidth and high speed datarates.To fulfill rapidÂ demands in todayâ€™s technology era, Free space optical (FSO) communication system has become very attractive technology, because they provides high bandwidth, license free spectrum using infrared beam, and are a reliable means of communications. The first part of the paper introduces the FSO system its block diagram and also the reason behind its usage. The second part informs about the factors which impairs the performance of the system. The third part will define the factors which e

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Salah, Abdul Rahman, Ali Mahmud, Sarah Hassan, Muhammad Salman, and Alaan Ghazi. "MDM over hyber FSO and fiber to the x FTTX." Al-Qalam journal of Pure Sciences 1, no. 1 (2023): 39–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.70126/ajps.v1i1.220.

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In this paper, we design and investigate 10-channels of mode division multiplexer (MDM)over hybrid free-space optics (FSO) link in several weather conditions to achieve the maximumpossible medium range and fiber to the home (FTTH) for high bandwidth access networks. Systemcapacity can be effectively increased with the use of MDM over hybrid FSO-FTTH. In this study, a 10-channel MDM over FSO-FTTH system has been analyzed in different weather conditions thatoperate at 1550 nm wavelength. The simulated system has transmitted 100 Gbit/s up for a distance of3200 meters FSO in superbly clear weather

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Liu, Yinjun, Xiaochuan Tan, Junlian Jia, et al. "A Hybrid Millimeter-Wave and Free-Space-Optics Communication Architecture with Adaptive Diversity Combining and HARQ Techniques." Photonics 10, no. 12 (2023): 1320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics10121320.

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We propose and demonstrate a hybrid communication architecture that combines millimeter-wave (MMW) in the radio frequency (RF) domain and free-space-optics (FSO) technologies using adaptive combining and hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) techniques. At the receiving end, we employed joint signal processing with an adaptive diversity combining technique (ADCT) based on a maximum ratio combining (MRC) algorithm. We derived closed-form expressions for the outage probability and throughput of the hybrid RF and FSO (RF/FSO) system, considering various characteristics of atmospheric turbulence

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Park, Siwoong, Chan Il Yeo, Young Soon Heo, et al. "Tracking Efficiency Improvement According to Incident Beam Size in QPD-Based PAT System for Common Path-Based Full-Duplex FSO Terminals." Sensors 22, no. 20 (2022): 7770. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22207770.

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Free space optical (FSO) communication can support various unmanned aerial vehicles’ (UAVs) applications that require large capacity data transmission. In order to perform FSO communication between two terminals, it is essential to employ a pointing, acquisition, and tracking (PAT) system with an efficient and optimal performance. We report on the development of a common optical-path-based FSO communication system, tailored for applications in UAVs. The proposed system is equipped with a quadrant photodiode (QPD)-based PAT system without an additional beacon beam subsystem. The presented appro

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Shahiduzzaman, Kazi, Majumder F. Haider, and Bijoy K. Karmaker. "Terrestrial free space optical communications in Bangladesh: transmission channel characterization." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, no. 4 (2019): 3130. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i4.pp3130-3138.

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This research work focused on transmission channel characterization of Free-Space-Optical (FSO) communications technology for deploying in the developing country like Bangladesh. To meet the tremendous amount of data traffic, mobile operators and ISPs need better solution than the existing RF and fiber optic communications. Moreover, Bangladesh is entering in the era of satellite communications by launching its own satellite. So, Bangladesh needs such communication technology that provides higher channel bandwidth, sophisticated transmission security and can cope channel dispersion. FSO is a g

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Kazi, Shahiduzzaman, F. Haider Majumder, and K. Karmake Bijoy. "Terrestrial free space optical communications in bangladesh: transmission channel characterization." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, no. 4 (2019): 3130–38. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i4.pp3130-3138.

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This research work focused on transmission channel characterization of Free-Space-Optical (FSO) communications technology for deploying in the developing country like Bangladesh. To meet the tremendous amount of data traffic, mobile operators and ISPs need better solution than the existing RF and fiber optic communications. Moreover, Bangladesh is entering in the era of satellite communications by launching its own satellite. So, Bangladesh needs such communication technology that provides higher channel bandwidth, sophisticated transmission security and can cope channel dispersion. FSO is a g

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Zhang, Qinyi, Jianjun Yu, Jianyu Long, Chen Wang, Jiali Chen, and Xin Lu. "A Hybrid RF/FSO Transmission System Based on a Shared Transmitter." Sensors 25, no. 7 (2025): 2021. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25072021.

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In this work, we propose a novel design of a hybrid transmission integrated system for radio frequency (RF) and free-space optical (FSO) communications, in which the RF and FSO links are able to share the transmitter and the transmission link. In this system, the RF link can usually be considered as a complement to the FSO link, and the hybridization of the two transmissions allows the system to adapt to a variety of complex environments while maintaining a high rate of transmission, improves system stability, and greatly reduces system complexity through the design of a shared transmitter. An

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Abdi, Abdikarim Ismail. "A Comprehensive Review Hybrid Free-Space Optical (FSO) And Radio Frequency (RF) Communication Systems." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 09, no. 03 (2025): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem42231.

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The combination of Free-Space Optical (FSO) and Radio Frequency (RF) communication technologies has garnered considerable interest owing to their complementary attributes, which may improve the deficiencies of each system independently. Hybrid FSO/RF systems integrate the elevated data rates and minimal latency of FSO with the durability and extensive coverage of RF, rendering them appropriate for diverse applications, such as mobile networks and satellite communication. This study offers a thorough examination of current developments in hybrid FSO/RF communication systems, emphasizing perform

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Gupta, Ritu, and Ankita Aggarwal. "Fog and Atmospheric Turbulence in FSO: Models to mitigate." CGC International Journal of Contemporary Technology and Research 2, no. 1 (2019): 65–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.46860/cgcijctr.2019.12.20.65.

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Free space optics (FSO) is an attractive technique and provides reliability in comparison to radio frequency (RF). The FSO provides high data rate capability and has high bandwidth efficiency. The FSO provides various advantages to radio frequency and it is operable at rain also. But as other techniques FSO also has some issues like absorption, scintillation and scattering, which degrades the quality of the signal. There are various models which estimates the losses due to fog and absorption. In this paper we have analysed the kim, kruse and gamma gamma - gamma turbulence modelin terms of atmo

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Ghazi, Alaan, S. A. Aljunid, Awab Noori, Syed Zulkarnain Syed Idrus, C. B. M. Rashidi, and Aras Al-dawoodi. "Design & investigation of 10x10 gbit/s MDM over hybrid FSO link under different weather conditions and fiber to the home." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 8, no. 1 (2019): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v8i1.1398.

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In this paper, we design and investigate 10-channels of mode division multiplexer (MDM) over hybrid free-space optics (FSO) link in several weather conditions to achieve the maximum possible medium range and fiber to the home (FTTH) for high bandwidth access networks. System capacity can be effectively increased with the use of MDM over hybrid FSO-FTTH. In this study, a 10-channel MDM over FSO-FTTH system has been analyzed in different weather conditions that operate at 1550 nm wavelength. The simulated system has transmitted 100 Gbit/s up for a distance of 3200 meters FSO in superbly clear we

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Alaan, Ghazi, A. Aljunid S., Noor Awab, Zulkarnain Syed Idrus Syed, B. M. Rashidi C., and Al-Dawoodi Aras. "Design & investigation of 10x10 gbit/s MDM over hybrid FSO link under different weather conditions and fiber to the home." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 8, no. 1 (2019): 121–26. https://doi.org/10.11591/eei.v8i1.1398.

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In this paper, we design and investigate 10-channels of mode division multiplexer (MDM) over hybrid free-space optics (FSO) link in several weather conditions to achieve the maximum possible medium range and fiber to the home (FTTH) for high bandwidth access networks. System capacity can be effectively increased with the use of MDM over hybrid FSO-FTTH. In this study, a 10-channel MDM over FSO-FTTH system has been analyzed in different weather conditions that operate at 1550 nm wavelength. The simulated system has transmitted 100 Gbit/s up for a distance of 3200 meters FSO in superbly clear we

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Kiralan, M., G. Çalik, S. Kiralan, A. Özaydin, G. Özkan, and M. F. Ramadan. "Stability and volatile oxidation compounds of grape seed, flax seed and black cumin seed cold-pressed oils as affected by thermal oxidation." Grasas y Aceites 70, no. 1 (2019): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/gya.0570181.

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The old-pressed oils (CPO) from grape seeds (GSO), flax seeds (FSO) and black cumin seeds (BSO) were analyzed for their fatty acid profiles, tocopherols, total phenolics, bioactives and phenolic compositions. The stability of CPO under thermal oxidation conditions was evaluated. The main fatty acid in FSO was linolenic acid (56.5% of total fatty acids); while GSO and BSO were rich in linoleic acid, which accounted for 66.8 and 56.8%, respectively. GSO was rich in ?-tocopherol (123.0 mg/kg), while ?-tocopherol was a prevalent isomer in FSO and BSO (137.9 and 128.9 mg/kg, respectively). The tota

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Wang, Yong, Yi Wang, and Wangyue Lu. "Secrecy Performance Analysis of Mixed RF/FSO Systems Based on RIS Reflection Interference Eavesdropper." Photonics 10, no. 11 (2023): 1193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics10111193.

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This paper proposes and studies the physical layer security of a mixed radio frequency/free space optical (RF/FSO) system based on reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided jamming to prevent eavesdropping. This work considers Nakagami-m fading for the RF links and Málaga (M) turbulence for the FSO links. A two-hop decode-and-forward (DF) relaying method was used and the eavesdropper actively eavesdropped on the information transmitted by the RF link. The eavesdropper was thwarted by a wireless-powered jammer that transmits jamming signals, which were reflected by the RIS to the eavesdrop

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