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Journal articles on the topic 'FTA's'

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Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Young, Margaret A., and Georgina Clough. "NET ZERO EMISSIONS AND FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS: EFFORTS AT INTEGRATING CLIMATE GOALS BY THE UNITED KINGDOM AND AUSTRALIA." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 72, no. 2 (2023): 393–436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002058932300012x.

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AbstractThe negotiation of the free trade agreement (FTA) between Australia and the United Kingdom promised to integrate trade and climate policies. As a leader of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) conference in Glasgow, the UK seemed well-placed to exert pressure on Australia, a country that was yet to embrace a target of net zero emissions by 2050. This article asks whether the FTA achieves this aim. It explains the link between trade liberalisation and climate change, referring to the scale and composition of economic activity and drawing upon examples from

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Lee,Young-Min. "The Effect of FTA's Results on China Distribution Company." Journal of Distribution Science 15, no. 2 (2017): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15722/jds.15.2.201702.53.

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Wahid, Lokman Abd. "THE ACQUISITION OF PRAGMATIC DIMENSION IN THE TEACHING AND LEARNING OF MALAY: AN EARLY REVIEW." Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra 15, no. 2 (2015): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/bs_jpbsp.v15i2.1237.

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AbstractThis study is focussing on the acquisition of pragmatic structure in the first language parameter, particularly in Malay. The pragmatic structure assumes that a speaker innately has a choice for Face Threatening Acts (FTA's) in his construction of sentences for a particular conversation. The structure of FTA’s are Bald On-Record (BOR), Negative Politeness (NP), Positive Politeness (PP), and Off-Record-indirect strategy (OR). From the pragmatic perspective, each of the FTA’s consists of a certain purpose. To look at the competency of pragmatic acquisition structure, subjects of this stu

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4

Vaccari, Michael A. "Overview of Innovative Financing: Highway and Transit." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1527, no. 1 (1996): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196152700103.

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An overview of innovative finance activity in highway and transit programs is presented. It is hoped that readers are given enough information to assess the usefulness of a particular financing device for their agencies. The financings are grouped into five categories: lease-structured financings; structures that achieve more with less money; cross-border leases; derivatives; and miscellaneous. Each of the financings is assessed to determine which of FTA's goals for innovative financing are achieved, that is, whether the financing reduced the costs of capital projects or provided better manage

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Young, Orla G., Jacintha N. O'Sullivan, Rohana O'Connell, Crotty Thomas, and Aongus J. Curran. "Levels of Oxidative Damage in Thyroid Neoplasia." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 139, no. 2_suppl (2008): P91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2008.05.496.

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Problem To assess levels of oxidative damage: DNA adduct (8 oxo dG) and lipid peroxidation (4HNE) in follicular carcinomas (FTC), papillary carcinomas (PTC) and follicular adenomas (FTA) and their corresponding matched normal tissue. Methods Using tissue microarrays and immunohistochemistry, we examined expression levels of nuclear and cytoplasmic (mitochondrial) 8 oxo dG and 4HNE in matched tumor and normal tissues from 16 FTC's, 15 PTC's and 39 FTA's. Results There were higher levels of mitochondrial 8 oxo dG expression in the FTA, FTC and PTC tissue compared to matched normal tissue (p valu

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Kim, Tae Hwang. "Discussion on Transparency of Free Trade Agreement (FTA) and Anti-Corruption Measures." Korea Association for Corruption Studies 28, no. 3 (2023): 123–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.52663/kcsr.2023.28.3.123.

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Among the 21 FTA agreements concluded (signed) by Korea between 2003 and 2021, there are 16 agreements that constitute the transparency chapter. The transparency chapter of the FTA requires the Parties to clearly implement the Agreement and to promulgate relevant domestic laws and administrative procedures so that the Parties' stakeholders can recognize and respond to each other. It also specifies retrial and administrative execution of appeals for matters subject to the agreement, and stipulates mutual provision of information on administrative measures that may have a practical impact on the

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CHAE Hyung Bok and 황해륙. "Implications for the Korea-China FTA's Negotiations of the Rules of Origin in the Korea-U.S. FTA." KYUNGPOOK NATIONAL UNIVERSITY LAW JOURNAL ll, no. 30 (2009): 547–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17248/knulaw..30.200906.547.

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8

Novikova, Ekaterina S., and Phu Huu Nguyen. "Perspectives of the cooperation between Vietnam and the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU)." East Asia: Facts and Analytics, no. 4 (December 19, 2024): 47–62. https://doi.org/10.24412/2686-7702-2024-4-47-62.

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This paper's purpose is to examine the cooperation between the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) and Vietnam, with a focus on its significance for the EAEU in ASEAN. The present state of affairs is considered from the perspective of Vietnam's ties with the EAEU, which includes Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Armenia. The study is based on the dynamics of Vietnam's trade turnover with each of these countries, including import and export of goods, the structure of their categories, investment volume, and the number of investment projects in each country. The analysis of the Free Trade

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Hojjati-Emami, Khashayar, Balbir S. Dhillon, and Kouroush Jenab. "The FTA's Constrained Based Methodology in Risk Assessment of Crash and Condition Monitoring for Older Drivers on Roads." Journal of Transportation Safety & Security 6, no. 1 (2013): 44–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19439962.2013.810680.

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10

Choi, Yong Jae. "A Partial Equilibrium Approach to FTA between Countries with Asymmetric Costs: Implications to Korea-China and Korea-Japan FTA's." Journal of international area studies 18, no. 2 (2014): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.18327/jias.2014.07.18.2.89.

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11

WARLOUZET, LAURENT. "De Gaulle as a Father of Europe: The Unpredictability of the FTA's Failure and the EEC's Success (1956–58)." Contemporary European History 20, no. 4 (2011): 419–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777311000464.

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AbstractThe failure of the Free Trade Area (FTA), a British ‘Greater Europe’ free-market project, has often been contrasted with the European Economic Community (EEC)'s rapid success. However, this article claims that the EEC's success was neither logical nor automatic. The FTA project was not bound to failure, but could easily have become the principal institution for European co-operation. Moreover, the French leader, Charles de Gaulle, played such a prominent role in the EEC that he could be described as a new ‘Father of Europe’. Without the EEC, France would certainly have been forced to r

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12

Shiva Krishna Reddy V. and Kathiravan M. "Virtual Reality Technology and Artificial Intelligence for Television and Film Animation." Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology 43, no. 1 (2024): 263–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/araset.43.1.263273.

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Artificial intelligence technology has transformed television content and production methods and resulted in the development of a new generation of artificially intelligent Television. Popularising artificial intelligence technology improves television programme content, categories, cost, and efficiency. Virtual reality (VR) technology has been widely used in scientific study and everyday life; thus, its use in film and television animation (FTA) teaching has been researched to promote FTA learning. First, learning design uses dynamic environment modelling, real-time 3D graphic production, ste

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Jamal Al-Maznaei, Rana. "A contrastive study on thanking in Arabic dialects and English." Bulletin of Advanced English Studies 6, no. 1 (2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31559/baes2021.6.1.1.

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Cross-Cultural Pragmatics (CCP) is a field of study that focuses on the interaction of people from various cultures. It is to clarify cultural distinctions between languages that acquire meaning through context and sociocultural embedding, resulting in a pragmatic communication failure. This study determines whether the Arabic language, because of dialectical variation, contains more thanking methods than English. Additionally, it aims to investigate the face-threatening strategies used by Arabs and native English speakers. Besides, it aims to determine whether contextual variables affect than

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Lyons, William M., John Collura, Sean Libberton, and Paul Branch. "Applications of FTA National Transit Data Base for the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act Management System Requirements." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1521, no. 1 (1996): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196152100106.

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The Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) requires states in conjunction with metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) to develop, establish, and implement several systems to better manage and improve the efficiency of transportation infrastructure. Among other things, the National Highway System Designation Act of 1995 allows states not to implement one or more of the ISTEA management systems. Although the management systems are now optional, FHWA and FTA continue to believe that the management and monitoring of the performance and condition of the multimodal tran

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Lee, Jung-Mi, Eun-Son Lim, and Jun-Hyouk Beak. "An Analysis of Exchange Rate Pass-Through into the Import Prices of Fisheries Products from China after the Korea-China FTA." Korea International Trade Research Institute 19, no. 5 (2023): 275–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.16980/jitc.19.5.202310.275.

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Purpose - The aim of this study is to assess the impact of the Korea-China FTA on the exchange rate pass-through for the top ten imported fisheries products. Design/Methodology/Approach - In this study, we utilize the unit root test, cointegration test, and OLS regression analysis to investigate the long-term equilibrium relationship among exchange rates, real GDP, domestic fishery product prices, and the Korea-China FTA. These factors play a crucial role in influencing the prices of imported fisheries products from China. Findings - We found that the impact of the Korea-China FTA

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16

Lee, Jaemin. "Dispute Settlement Mechanisms in U.S. FTAs with Korea, Panama, Peru and Colombia: Basic Designs, Key Characteristics and Implications." British Journal of American Legal Studies 5, no. 2 (2016): 487–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bjals-2016-0017.

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Abstract The United States concluded free trade agreements (FTAs) with Korea, Peru, Panama and Colombia in late 2000s. Since the four FTAs were negotiated and concluded largely contemporaneously, key traits and characteristics of the agreements are similarly formulated. In light of this, dispute settlement mechanisms (state-to-state dispute settlement proceedings, investor-state dispute settlement proceedings, and Joint Committees) of the four FTAs also share commonalities. At the same time, new ideas and suggestions are explored in the four FTAs. While issues and disputes under the four FTAs

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17

Iino, Aya. "Disciplining Subsidies Through Free Trade Agreements (FTAs): Emerging Developments in Japan’s FTAs and Their Implications." German Law Journal 24, no. 1 (2023): 179–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/glj.2023.6.

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AbstractThe international economic order is undergoing significant change. Most recently, key countries have been seeking to increase their level of economic security, including through increased industrial subsidies. Regulating subsidies is controversial, but undisciplined subsidy payments could be harmful for the healthy functioning of markets and balanced development among nations. In this regard, the GATT-WTO has regulated subsidies, but it has not been fully functional in recent years, and reform efforts do not appear to be bearing fruit soon. Therefore, in parallel with WTO reform effort

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Rahman, Khondaker Mizanur, Rafiqul Islam Molla, and Md W. Murad. "The China Factor Blunts the Cutting-Edge of the Japan-Malaysia Free Trade Agreement." Global Economy Journal 8, no. 4 (2008): 1850152. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1524-5861.1445.

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Most industrialized and industrializing countries of the world were highly nervous about the spread effect of the surge of investment, industrialization and economic growth in China during early years of the 2000s. They were anxiously searching for ways and means to protect their economic interests from this effect. To describe this phenomenon eloquently the mass media used the term `China factor in world trade.' Against this backdrop the Japan-Malaysia free trade agreement (FTA) under an economic partnership agreement was signed in 2005 and implemented from 2006 with the expectation that it w

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민한빛. "A Study on Trade Rules regarding Autonomous Vehicle : Focusing on the Consistency of the Introduction of Autonomous Taxi with Korea-US/Korea-EU FTA's Schedules of Commitments for Services and Investments." International Trade Law ll, no. 137 (2017): 43–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.36514/itl.2017..137.003.

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20

Hsu, Pei-Yuan, Marco Aurisicchio, Panagiotis Angeloudis, and Jennifer Whyte. "Understanding and visualizing schedule deviations in construction projects using fault tree analysis." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 27, no. 9 (2020): 2501–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-01-2020-0058.

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PurposeDelays in construction projects are both disruptive and expensive. Thus, potential causes of schedule deviation need to be identified and mitigated. In previous research, delay factors were predominantly identified through surveys administered to stakeholders in construction projects. Such delay factors are typically considered individually and presented at the same level without explicitly examining their sequence of occurrence and inter-relationships. In reality, owing to the complex structure of construction projects and long execution time, non-conformance to schedule occurs by a ch

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Chadha, Rajesh, and Devender Pratap. "Titanic FTAs." Margin: The Journal of Applied Economic Research 1, no. 1 (2007): 23–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097380100600100102.

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22

Chen, Xinguang, Hongyan Zhao, Ling Sun, Wenwu Zhu, and Fengxiang Zhang. "Electrocardiogram Characteristics and Arrhythmic Events during Fever in Patients with Fever-Induced Brugada Syndrome." Cardiology 145, no. 3 (2020): 130–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000505642.

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Introduction: Changes in electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters and the incidence of arrhythmic events in patients with fever-induced Brugada syndrome (BrS) remain unknown. Objective: We aimed to investigate the effect of hyperthermia on the ECG pattern and the occurrence of fever-triggered arrhythmic events (FTAEs) in patients with fever-induced BrS. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed a series of fever-induced BrS cases from January 1966 to November 2018. Clinical characteristics and ECG parameters were evaluated in the presence or absence of fever. Results: Syncope and implantable cardioverter

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Son, Duong Anh, and Tran Vang-Phu. "The effects of FTAs on the operation of the WTO: Reviews and recommendations." Corporate Law and Governance Review 4, no. 2 (2022): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/clgrv4i2p5.

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The primary goal of this article is to examine the positive and negative effects of free trade agreements (FTAs) on the World Trade Organization (WTO), highlighting that the current objective requirement is to reform the WTO’s operating mechanism and strengthen obligations to binding member states’ responsibilities when negotiating and signing new FTAs. This research employs comparative jurisprudence and written law analysis methods. This article is divided into four sections that address issues concerning FTAs and the WTO: 1) the history of FTAs; 2) the benefits and drawbacks of FTAs on inter

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Takahashi, Katsuhide, and Shujiro Urata. "On the Use of FTAs by Japanese Firms: Further Evidence." Business and Politics 12, no. 1 (2010): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1469-3569.1310.

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The paper examines the use of free trade agreements (FTAs) by Japanese firms. The FTAs analyzed include Japan's FTAs with Mexico, Malaysia and Chile. Based on 1,688 responses to a questionnaire survey conducted in 2008, the study finds that the utilization rate of FTAs ranges between 32.9% (Japan-Mexico FTA) and 12.2% (Japan-Malaysia FTA). The survey results and the statistical analysis of the determinants of the use of FTAs reveal obstacles to using FTAs that include difficulty in obtaining the certificate of origin that is required to use the FTA, lack of knowledge of FTAs, and the small FTA

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Seung Joo, Lee. "The Emergence of an Economic-Security Nexus and the Diversity of FTA Linkage Strategies in East Asia." Korean Journal of Policy Studies 27, no. 1 (2012): 109–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.52372/kjps27106.

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While aggressively embracing free trade agreements (FTAs) in general, East Asian countries have incorporated security and political factors in promoting FTAs under the swiftly shifting regional economic and security environments, epitomized by the end of the Cold War, the Asian financial crisis, and the intensifying Sino-Japanese rivalry. Therefore, a sole focus on economic factors would fail to shed light on East Asian strategies for linking FTAs and security. While FTAs have mushroomed in East Asia since 2000, East Asian countries have pursued FTAs not merely to increase their economic inter

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Yamanouchi, Kenta. "Heterogeneous Impacts of Free Trade Agreements: The Case of Japan." Asian Economic Papers 18, no. 2 (2019): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/asep_a_00686.

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This paper investigates the trade creation effects of Japan's free trade agreements (FTAs) using aggregate trade data for the years 1996–2015. We estimate various specifications of a gravity model. Our main finding is that the effects of Japan's FTAs are not clearly observed when the gravity model is specified with three types of fixed effects (i.e., exporter-year fixed effects, importer-year fixed effects, and country-pair fixed effects). In fact, the effects of FTAs vary substantially among trade partners and around half of the FTAs increase Japan's trade values. Our results also suggest tha

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Jin, Dal Yong. "A critical analysis of US cultural policy in the global film market." International Communication Gazette 73, no. 8 (2011): 651–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748048511420092.

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By emphasizing contextualization between the film industry and government cultural policies in association with FTAs, this article historically examines the set of social relations and the interplay of power between the US and other countries (mainly non-western), as well as between the commercial interests of Hollywood and the critical political ideology of domestic film industries. It analyses whether the US, supported and lobbied by Hollywood, has hampered cultural diversity and sovereignty in other countries, particularly through the use of FTAs in the midst of neoliberal globalization. Th

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Qiu, Bangchu, Gang Tian, and Daoming Wang. "Empirical Analysis of Sustainable Trade Effects of FTAs Based on Augmented Gravity Model: A Case Study of China." Sustainability 15, no. 1 (2022): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15010269.

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China has developed many strategies to promote sustainable trade, including accelerating the signing of free-trade agreements (FTAs). However, there is a lack of studies examining the impact of FTAs on the sustainable growth of foreign trade from a holistic perspective. This paper applies an augmented gravity model to verify the trade creation and diversion effects of China’s FTAs that are currently in effect. A panel data analysis over the period of 1995–2019 is conducted on 34 countries and regions, including China, and Poisson pseudo-maximum likelihood (PPML) is employed to test three diffe

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Tao, Siyu. "Chinas FTAs and GATS: The Consistency and the Achievements." Legal Issues of Economic Integration 41, Issue 2 (2014): 133–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/leie2014008.

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This article discusses China's FTAs in the light of the GATS rules, focusing on the consistency of China's FTAs in relation to its GATS requirements. The consistency test uses the requirements under Article V of the GATS as the benchmark and bases for the comparison of China's commitment to the GATS and FTAs emphasis on the column 'Limitations on Market Access'. Although China's FTAs are generally consistent with the GATS, some ambiguities caused by randomly listed sectors/subsectors and word formulation are found in China's FTA schedules. Moreover, this article also explores the achievement o

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Gambier-Ross, Katie, David J. McLernon, and Heather M. Morgan. "A mixed methods exploratory study of women’s relationships with and uses of fertility tracking apps." DIGITAL HEALTH 4 (January 2018): 205520761878507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2055207618785077.

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Digital self-tracking is rising, including tracking of menstrual cycles by women using fertility tracking apps (FTAs). However, little is known about users’ experiences of FTAs and their relationships with them. The aim of this study was to explore women’s uses of and relationships with FTAs. This exploratory study employed a mixed methods approach, involving the collection and analysis of an online survey and follow-up interviews. Qualitative analysis of survey and interview data informed hypothesis development. Online surveys yielded 241 responses and 11 follow-up interviews were conducted.

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Choukroune, Leïla. "Settling Trade Related Labour Disputes: FTAs’ Pathways for Greater Social Justice in Globalization." Global Trade and Customs Journal 17, Issue 7/8 (2022): 300–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2022041.

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Since the conclusion of North African Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 1994, an increasing number of Foreign Trade Agreements (FTAs) have included labour provisions along with specific dispute settlement mechanisms for these provisions. This article analyses how labour provisions have been included in FTAs’ since the early 1990s and critically accesses their suitability and effectiveness in terms of domestic labour reform and trade-related labour dispute settlement. It concludes by evaluating the case for the inclusion of labour provisions in FTAs’ and argues in favour of tailor-made rules suit

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Aggarwal, Vinod K. "U.S. Free Trade Agreements and Linkages." International Negotiation 18, no. 1 (2013): 89–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718069-12341246.

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Abstract This article examines the driving factors that account for patterns of linkages to broader economic, labor, environmental, and security issues in U.S. Free Trade Agreements (FTAs). Rather than only emphasizing trade benefits or security considerations as in much recent work on FTAs, this analysis provides a richer empirical picture by focusing on the full universe of U.S. FTAs. It conceptually differentiates among different issues that might be linked to FTAs and categorizes different patterns of U.S. FTAs based on the key issues that drove negotiations. The article then examines thes

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Singh, Shailja. "Dispute Settlement in Indian FTAs’: Shaping the Future with Lessons from the Past." Global Trade and Customs Journal 17, Issue 7/8 (2022): 304–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2022042.

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India is no stranger to free trade agreements (FTAs), having notified seventeen of them as ‘in force’ to the WTO. In the last six months, India has concluded two new FTAs and is also actively engaged in the process of negotiating major ones with its key trading partners such as the UK, EU and Canada. With the WTO’s Appellate Body still non-functional, the spotlight is now on the dispute settlement mechanisms under the FTAs and their potential to be a viable alternative to the multilateral mechanism. Hence, an analysis of the select practices in the existing Indian FTAs is not just timely but a

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Ranjan, Prabhash. "Emerging Trends in Investor-State Dispute Settlement in New Free Trade Agreements." Global Trade and Customs Journal 17, Issue 7/8 (2022): 332–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2022046.

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The Investor-State dispute settlement (ISDS) mechanism is going through a churning. Several countries, developed and developing, have started contesting the ISDS regime. This is reflected in the treaty practice of these countries. This article studies some of the recently signed free trade agreements (FTAs’) that contain an investment chapter to find out if there are broad discernible trends in the treaty practice of countries on ISDS reflected in these FTAs’. The article argues that there are three broad trends that one can decipher. First, some FTAs’ do not contain an ISDS provision. Second,

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SÖZBİR, Murat. "The Effect of Turkey's Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) on Its External Trade: Counterfactual Impact Analysis." Fiscaoeconomia 7, no. 2 (2023): 1474–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.25295/fsecon.1236474.

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The study aims to estimate the impact of Turkey's FTAs on its average external trade level by three novel approaches, which are the fixed effects counterfactual estimator (FEct), interactive fixed effect counterfactual (IFEct) estimator, and matrix completion (MC) method introduced by Liu et al (2022). The results show that while Turkey's FTAs have a positive impact on Turkey's exports to the economies that Turkey has FTAs, we do not find any significant effect on its imports on average. The findings show that Turkey's FTAs has increased its exports to these economies by 54.7% on average over

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Tang, Hu, Kaiyu Liu, and Zhengqiu Zhang. "Finite-time anti-synchronization of a 6D Lorenz systems." AIMS Mathematics 9, no. 12 (2024): 35931–48. https://doi.org/10.3934/math.20241703.

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<p>In this article, the finite time anti-synchronization (FTAS) of master-slave 6D Lorenz systems (MS6DLSS) is discussed. Without using previous study methods, by introducing new study methods, namely by adopting the properties of quadratic inequalities of one variable and utilizing the negative definiteness of the quadratic form of the matrix, two criteria on the FTAS are achieved for the discussed MS6DLSS. Up to now, the existing results on FTAS of chaotic systems have been achieved often by adopting the linear matrix inequality (LMI) method and finite time stability theorems (FTST). A

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Lee, Seungjoo. "Institutional Balancing and the Politics of Mega-FTAs in East Asia." Asian Survey 56, no. 6 (2016): 1055–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2016.56.6.1055.

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The dynamics of institutional balancing is the predominant factor prompting East Asian countries to move to mega-FTAs. Rather than seeking mega-FTAs purely on the basis of economic benefits, these countries, particularly major powers, have attempted to form mega-FTAs to counter the target state’s vision of the regional architecture.

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Lazaro, Dorothea, and Aiken Tafgar. "Trade Facilitation Measures under FTAs: Are They Discriminatory against Nonmembers?" Global Trade and Customs Journal 5, Issue 10 (2010): 399–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2010048.

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Are trade facilitation measures under free trade agreements (FTAs) discriminatory? This important question has yet to be sufficiently explored by the existing literature on trade facilitation. Despite the multilateral scope and nondiscriminatory objectives of trade facilitation measures, some trade facilitation measures under FTAs can be discriminatory, similar to those in preferential tariff elimination. Based on a review of FTAs in Asia and the Pacific, this study provides detailed empirical analysis on whether or not trade facilitation provisions in FTAs are exclusive to contracting FTA par

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Ozhigina, Vera. "INTEGRATION POLICY OF CHINA." University Economic Bulletin 49/2 (May 22, 2021): 132–43. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5172911.

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Subject of the study is China's Free Trade Agreements (FTAs), established or under negotiation. The aim is to identify the features and causes of the design of China's integration system and integration policy, to identify strategic directions. Methodology: system approach, quantitative and qualitative analysis. Results: based on the analysis of Сhina's FTA with Hong Kong, Macau, Thailand, Chile, Pakistan, Peru, Costa Rica, Switzerland, Iceland, Georgia, Maldives, as well as with individual ASEAN and ASEAN+6 countries, and these groups in general, the causes, features and strategic

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Chung, Chul, Innwon Park, and Soonchan Park. "Estimating the Impact of Cumulative Rules of Origin on Trade Costs: An Application to Mega-regional Free Trade Agreements in the Asia-Pacific Region." Asian Economic Papers 21, no. 1 (2022): 92–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/asep_a_00846.

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Abstract We investigate the effects of free trade agreements (FTAs), focusing on the impact of cumulative rules of origin (ROO) on trade costs. Using a gravity regression model, we estimate the effect of various cumulative ROO systems on the measured trade costs. We apply these estimates to static and capital accumulation computable general equilibrium models to compare the effects of mega-regional FTAs in the Asia-Pacific region—namely, the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), Comprehensive and Progressive Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), and Free Trade Areas in the Asia-Paci

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Poyungi, Yurike Suhertian, and Dessy Dwijayanti. "THE TECHNIQUE AND TRANSLATION QUALITY OF FACE THREATENING ACTS (FTAS) IN ANNE OF GREEN GABLES." DIALEKTIKA: JURNAL BAHASA, SASTRA DAN BUDAYA 11, no. 1 (2024): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.33541/dia.v11i1.5695.

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Abstract This study is a descriptive qualitative that aims to describe the types of Face threatening Acts (FTAs). Besides, this study also aims to analyze the translation techniques and the translation quality of a novel entitles Anne of Green Gables. It is found that 37 utterances which accommodates FTAs in the orientation structure of the novel and involves 4 types of FTAs, they are bald on record (18 data), off record (6 data), FTA using positive politeness (3 data), and FTA using negative politeness (10 data). The translation techniques used to translate the FTAs are established equivalenc

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Hannonen, Marjut. "Implementation of EU Free Trade Agreements." Global Trade and Customs Journal 12, Issue 11/12 (2017): 422–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2017056.

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The EU has a very active trade negotiating agenda, with new negotiations starting every year and being in preparation. Increasing number of free trade agreements (FTAs) are also being concluded. Against this background, and the fact that trade policy is attracting much more attention from the public that used to be the case still a few years back, effective implementation of EU trade agreements has become an important priority for the EU Trade policy. The EU needs to demonstrate that its trade agreements work in practice and deliver the negotiated benefits to EU operators. The EU FTAs currentl

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Wang, Heng. "The Future of Deep Free Trade Agreements: The Convergence of TPP (and CPTPP) and CETA?" Journal of World Trade 53, Issue 2 (2019): 317–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2019015.

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Focusing on Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans- Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) and Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) as deep free trade agreements (FTAs) that concentrate on regulatory disciplines, this article examines a key question concerning the future of deep FTAs: do deep FTAs converge and, if so, why? It argues that, first, deep FTAs converge in their approach to trade and investment in two crucial respects: regulatory disciplines and dispute settlement. CPTPP narrows its gap with CETA through suspending rules in arguably most

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Loewen, Howard. "WTO Compatibility and Rules of Origin – Assessing Bilateral Trade Agreements between Latin America and East Asia." Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs 28, no. 1 (2009): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/186810340902800105.

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Some theorists and practitioners argue that the stability of the global trade system is endangered by trade distorting effects of regional Free Trade Agreements. Does this also hold true for interregional FTAs? Based on criteria, such as scope, rules of origin and WTO notification, it is argued here that interregional FTAs between East Asia and Latin America do not fully confirm the distortion thesis, as the positive effects of WTO-plus elements in the examined FTAs and their positive notification record to the WTO signify. Yet, overlaps between different rules of origin may lessen the multila

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Tran, Trang Mai, and Anh Viet Nguyen. "Impact Of The Free Trade Agreement (FTA) on Agricultural Product Export Enterprises in Vietnam." Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS 1, no. 3 (2023): 289–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.58578/mikailalsys.v1i3.2065.

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Signing and implementing FTAs, especially new-generation FTAs, has promoted economic growth and improved Vietnamese society's spiritual and material life. Agricultural products are one of the industries most affected by implementing new-generation FTAs. Those impacts include both positive and negative results. This paper will analyze some of the effects of the EU Free Trade Agreement (EVFTA) on agricultural export enterprises in Vietnam after signing the Agreement. From that impact analysis, the paper will offer several recommendations and solutions for businesses and the government to help ag

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Srivastava, Ajay. "Designing an FTA Strategy: The Red Flags to Avoid and the Options to Win: A Negotiators Perspective." Global Trade and Customs Journal 14, Issue 7/8 (2019): 376–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2019043.

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Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) have emerged as the policy tool of choice for many countries seeking to promote exports. However, much of world trade still takes place outside FTAs. This Article explores the reasons behind low utilization of FTAs. Further, it considers mechanisms to increase utilization of FTAs, such as the active participation in global value chains. The alternative to FTAs is the selective lowering of import duties on an MFN basis. This article finds that lower import duties could create conditions for high growth in trade and investment and help the economy in at least four wa

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Kadek Gita Arya Cahyaningrum, Gede Primahadi Wijaya Rajeg, and I Nyoman Tri Ediwan. "Face Threatening Acts of the Main Character in “The Half of it” Movie." RETORIKA: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa 8, no. 2 (2022): 144–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.55637/jr.8.2.5052.144-150.

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This study analyzed face threatening acts (FTAs) used by the main character in the movie titled The Half of It, focusing on (i) the types of the FTAs and (ii) how the FTAs are used by the main character. The data came from all utterances (words, phrases, clauses, sentences) produced by the main character. A pragmatic theory of FTAs from Brown and Levinson was applied to analyze the data qualitatively. Four types of FTAs are found in this study. The first type is “threatening the hearer’s negative face”, which was embedded in specific acts used by the main character, namely Suggestion, Threat,

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Mon, Yi Yi, Seunghoo Lim, and Makoto Kakinaka. "Multiplex Relations between States: Coevolution of Trade Agreements and Political Alliances." Sustainability 11, no. 14 (2019): 3911. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11143911.

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The nature of interdependence between states encourages them to establish cooperation in different fields, leading to multiple relations. The policy alignments of states on trade and political relations can be regarded as the most critical agenda in a globalized world. Accounting for the linkages between economic and political issues, this study focuses on the two relational ties, (i) free trade agreements (FTAs) as economic cooperation and (ii) political alliances (PAs) as political cooperation. In addition, it evaluates the coevolution of FTAs and PAs by employing a multiplex stochastic acto

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Chen, Yiou. "Research on the Impact of Establishment of Chinas FTA on Regional Economic Development." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 4, no. 1 (2023): 503–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/4/2022943.

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With the gradual improvement of the epidemic, the development of FTAs is very promising, so relying on FTAs to achieve local and regional economic growth is a very interesting way of economic growth. At the same time, because most of the literature studying the development of FTAs focus on institutional innovation and the countrys overall economic growth, the countrys economic development process can also be characterized by a widening gap between rich and poor and serious and serious polarization. However, in the development process of a coun-try, if only the overall economic development is c

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Bum Kim, Jong. "Article: Harmonization of FTA Rules of Origin: Examination of General Provisions." Journal of World Trade 58, Issue 3 (2024): 411–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2024025.

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This paper explores whether rules of origin (ROOs) of free-trade agreements (FTAs) are on a path to convergence or divergence. It identifies three major ROOs templates associated with the United States (US), the European Union (EU), and the Association of the Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). The study reveals a growing divergence in the general provisions of these templates, with the EU’s template growing more flexible through the introduction of lenient tolerance rules in its FTAs, and the North American template becoming more restrictive, as exemplified by the Net Cost (NC) method and the co

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