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Journal articles on the topic "FTA cards"
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Novita, Risqa. "FTA Cards sebagai tempat penyimpanan spesimen yang optimal dan sesuai dengan aspek biosafety." Sel Jurnal Penelitian Kesehatan 4, no. 2 (November 24, 2017): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.22435/sel.v4i2.1469.
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Surveilans penyakit menular dan tidak menular membutuhkan tehnik penanganan spesimen dari lapangan hingga ke laboratorium yang optimal dan memperhatikan aspek biosafety. Risiko wadah sampel pecah, lama perjalanan, rantai dingin pengiriman spesimen, volume sampel yang besar merupakan faktor-faktor yang seharusnya diminimalisir. FTA cards merupakan teknologi terbaru untuk penyimpanan spesimen sehingga penanganan tetap optimal dan tetap memperhatikan aspek biosafety. Tujuan dari penulisan ini untuk mengkaji FTA cards di berbagai aspek agar menjadi rujukan dalam memilih tehnik penyimpanan spesimen sehingga dapat dipakai dalam surveilans penyakit menular dan penyakit tidak menular. Tulisan ini merupakan kajian dari literatur-literatur yang ada di Google scholar dan Pubmed, dengan pencarian menggunakan kata kunci FTA cards, penyimpanan spesimen dan biosafety Berdasarkan hasil dari penelusuran literatur, penelaah, didapatkan hasil bahwa FTA cards dapat digunakan sebagai media penyimpanan spesimen. Spesimen yang dapat diteteskan ke atas permukaan FTA cards adalah darah, serum, cairan tubuh, feses dan organ tubuh hewan lainnya seperti nyamuk. FTA cards dapat direkomendasikan sebagai tehnik penyimpanan spesimen pada surveilans penyakit menular dan penyakit tidak menular
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Krambrich, Janina, Emelie Bringeland, Jenny C. Hesson, Tove Hoffman, Åke Lundkvist, Johanna F. Lindahl, and Jiaxin Ling. "Usage of FTA® Classic Cards for Safe Storage, Shipment, and Detection of Arboviruses." Microorganisms 10, no. 7 (July 18, 2022): 1445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10071445.
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Infections caused by arthropod-borne RNA viruses are overrepresented among emerging infectious diseases. Effective methods for collecting, storing, and transporting clinical or biological specimens are needed worldwide for disease surveillance. However, many tropical regions where these diseases are endemic lack analytical facilities and possibility of continuous cold chains, which presents challenges from both a biosafety and material preservation perspective. Whatman® FTA® Classic Cards may serve as an effective and safe option for transporting hazardous samples at room temperature, particularly for RNA viruses classified as biosafety level (BSL) 2 and 3 pathogens, from sampling sites to laboratories. In this study, we investigated the biosafety and perseverance of representative alpha- and flaviviruses stored on FTA® cards. To evaluate the virus inactivation capacity of FTA® cards, we used Sindbis virus (SINV), chikungunya virus (CHIKV), and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). We inoculated susceptible cells with dilution series of eluates from viral samples stored on the FTA® cards and observed for cytopathic effect to evaluate the ability of the cards to inactivate viruses. All tested viruses were inactivated after storage on FTA® cards. In addition, we quantified viral RNA of JEV, SINV, and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) stored on FTA® cards at 4 °C, 25 °C, and 37 °C for 30 days using two reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR assays. Viral RNA of SINV stored on FTA® cards was not reduced at either 4 °C or 25 °C over a 30-day period, but degraded rapidly at 37 °C. For JEV and TBEV, degradation was observed at all temperatures, with the most rapid degradation occurring at 37 °C. Therefore, the use of FTA® cards provides a safe and effective workflow for the collection, storage, and analysis of BSL 2- and 3-virus RNA samples, but there is a risk of false negative results if the cards are stored at higher temperatures for long periods of time. Conscious usage of the cards can be useful in disease surveillance and research, especially in tropical areas where transportation and cold chains are problematic.
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Jóźwiak, Michał, Krzysztof Wyrostek, Katarzyna Domańska-Blicharz, Monika Olszewska-Tomczyk, Krzysztof Śmietanka, and Zenon Minta. "Application of FTA® Cards for detection and storage of avian influenza virus." Journal of Veterinary Research 60, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jvetres-2016-0001.
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AbstractIntroduction: The aim of the study was to test the utility of Flinders Technology Associates filter paper (FTA® Cards) for molecular detection and storage of avian influenza virus (AIV). Material and Methods: There were two strains of AIV used in the study: low pathogenicity H7N1 and high pathogenicity H5N1 subtypes. Detection of viral material was conducted using molecular RT-PCR and rRT- PCR method. Results: The infectivity of LPAIV/H7N1 and HPAIV/H5N1 was completely inactivated within 1 h and 24 h after adsorption to FTA® Cards at room temperature, respectively. Viruses stored on FTA® Cards had detection limit approximately 1 log10 lower than live viruses. Viral RNA of both strains were detectable on the cards by rRT-PCR for a minimum of 150 d, irrespectively of storage temperatures (room temperature, -20ºC). RNA was also detected in all samples obtained from SPF chickens experimentally infected with HPAI/H5N1 on 3rd and 4th day post-infection (p.i.). Conclusion: FTA® Cards enable safe and effective alternative transport of samples for molecular diagnosis of AIV.
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Moretti, Matteo, Alessandro Manfredi, Francesca Freni, Carlo Previderé, Antonio Marco Maria Osculati, Pierangela Grignani, Livio Tronconi, Claudia Carelli, Claudia Vignali, and Luca Morini. "A comparison between two different dried blood substrates in determination of psychoactive substances in postmortem samples." Forensic Toxicology 39, no. 2 (January 18, 2021): 385–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11419-020-00567-2.
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Abstract Purpose Whatman™ 903 cards represent a valid type of support for collection, storage, and analysis of dried blood spots (DBS). Whatman™ FTA (Flinders Technology Associates) are a type of cards soaked in chemicals that cause denaturation of proteins, while preserving DNA and ensuring the safe handling of DBS; to date, these cards are still rarely employed in forensic toxicology. The aim of this study was to analyze several psychoactive substances on not-dried blood on the two different cards and to compare the qualitative and quantitative results. Methods Twenty cardiac postmortem blood samples were collected and deposed on Whatman™ 903 and Whatman™ FTA cards. Spots and not-dried blood were analyzed following our validated and previously published liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry methods. Results We were able to identify: eight drugs of abuse and their metabolites (15 cases), five benzodiazepines and their metabolites (3 cases), six antidepressants (6 cases) and two antipsychotics (3 cases). We observed a perfect qualitative correspondence and a general good quantitative correlation between data obtained from not-dried blood and the two different DBS cards, except for alprazolam, diazepam, desmethyldiazepam, fluoxetine and sertraline, that showed a lower concentration on FTA. Additional experiments suggest that the chemicals, adsorbed on FTA, are not the cause of the loss of signal observed for the substances previously mentioned and that methanol should be preferred as extraction solvent. Conclusions This study proved that FTA cards are a good and a hazard-free alternative sample storage method for analysis of several psychoactive substances in postmortem blood.
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Elnagar, Ahmed, Timm C. Harder, Sandra Blome, Martin Beer, and Bernd Hoffmann. "Optimizing Release of Nucleic Acids of African Swine Fever Virus and Influenza A Virus from FTA Cards." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 23 (November 29, 2021): 12915. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222312915.
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FTA cards and related products simplify the collection, transport, and transient storage of biological sample fluids. Here, we have compared the yield and quality of DNA and RNA released from seven different FTA cards using seven releasing/extraction methods with eleven experimental eluates. For the validation, dilution series of African swine fever virus (ASFV) positive EDTA blood and Influenza A virus (IAV) positive allantoic fluid were used. Based on our data, we conclude that direct PCR amplification without the need for additional nucleic acid extraction and purification could be suitable and more convenient for ASFV DNA release from FTA cards. In contrast, IAV RNA loads can be amplified from FTA card punches if a standard extraction procedure including a lysis step is applied. These differences between the amplifiable viral DNA and RNA after releasing and extraction are not influenced by the type of commercial FTA card or the eleven different nucleic acid releasing procedures used for the comparative analyses. In general, different commercial FTA cards were successfully used for the storage and recovery of the ASFV and IAV genetic material suitable for PCR. Nevertheless, the usage of optimized nucleic acid releasing protocols could improve the recovery of the viral genome of both viruses. Here, the application of Chelex® Resin 100 buffer mixed with 1 × Tris EDTA buffer (TE, pH 8.0) or with TED 10 (TE buffer and Dimethylsulfoxid) delivered the best results and can be used as a universal method for releasing viral DNA and RNA from FTA cards.
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Serra, Olga, Raffaele Frazzi, Alessio Perotti, Lorenzo Barusi, and Annamaria Buschini. "Use of FTA® classic cards for epigenetic analysis of sperm DNA." BioTechniques 64, no. 2 (February 2018): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2144/btn-2017-0101.
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FTA® technologies provide the most reliable method for DNA extraction. Although FTA technologies have been widely used for genetic analysis, there is no literature on their use for epigenetic analysis yet. We present for the first time, a simple method for quantitative methylation assessment based on sperm cells stored on Whatman FTA classic cards. Specifically, elution of seminal DNA from FTA classic cards was successfully tested with an elution buffer and an incubation step in a thermocycler. The eluted DNA was bisulfite converted, amplified by PCR, and a region of interest was pyrosequenced.
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Davis, Emily H., Jason O. Velez, Brandy J. Russell, A. Jane Basile, Aaron C. Brault, and Holly R. Hughes. "Evaluation of Whatman FTA cards for the preservation of yellow fever virus RNA for use in molecular diagnostics." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 16, no. 6 (June 15, 2022): e0010487. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010487.
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Yellow fever virus (YFV) is a flavivirus that frequently causes outbreaks of hemorrhagic fever in Africa and South America and is considered a reemerging public health threat. Accurate diagnosis of yellow fever (YF) disease is critical as one confirmed case constitutes an outbreak and may trigger a mass vaccination campaign. Highly sensitive and specific molecular diagnostics have been developed; however, these assays require maintenance of cold-chain during transport of specimens to prevent the degradation of viral RNA prior to testing. Such cold-chain requirements are difficult to meet in some regions. In this study, we investigated Whatman FTA cards as an alternative stabilization method of YFV RNA for use in molecular diagnosis. Using contrived specimens, linear regression analysis showed that RNA detection from a single 6mm FTA card punch was significantly less sensitive than traditional RNA extraction; however, pooling RNA extracted from two FTA punches significantly lowered the limit of detection to be equal to that of the traditional RNA extraction gold standard. In experiments addressing the ability of FTA card methodology to stabilize YFV RNA at variable temperature, RNA could be detected for more than two weeks following storage at 25°C. Even more promising, YFV RNA was detectable on cards held at 37°C from two days to over two weeks depending on viral input. FTA cards were also shown to stabilize YFV RNA at high humidity if cards were desiccated prior to inoculation. These results support that FTA cards could be cost effective and easy to use in molecular diagnosis of YF, preserving viral RNA to allow for positive diagnoses in situations where maintaining cold-chain is not feasible.
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Stangegaard, Michael, Laura Ferrero-Miliani, Claus Børsting, Rune Frank-Hansen, Anders J. Hansen, and Niels Morling. "Repeated extraction of DNA from FTA cards." Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series 3, no. 1 (December 2011): e345-e346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsigss.2011.09.035.
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Birnberg, Lotty, Sarah Temmam, Carles Aranda, Florencia Correa-Fiz, Sandra Talavera, Thomas Bigot, Marc Eloit, and Núria Busquets. "Viromics on Honey-Baited FTA Cards as a New Tool for the Detection of Circulating Viruses in Mosquitoes." Viruses 12, no. 3 (February 29, 2020): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12030274.
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Worldwide, emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) are a major burden on public and animal health. Arthropod vectors, with mosquitoes being the main contributors of global disease, transmit more than 70% of the recognized EIDs. To assess new alternatives for arthropod-borne viral diseases surveillance, and for the detection of new viruses, honey-baited Flinders Technology Associates (FTA) cards were used as sugar bait in mosquito traps during entomological surveys at the Llobregat River Delta (Catalonia, Spain). Next generation sequencing (NGS) metagenomics analysis was applied on honey-baited FTA cards, which had been exposed to field-captured mosquitoes to characterize their associated virome. Arthropod- and plant-infecting viruses governed the virome profile on FTA cards. Twelve near-complete viral genomes were successfully obtained, suggesting good quality preservation of viral RNAs. Mosquito pools linked to the FTA cards were screened for the detection of mosquito-associated viruses by specific RT-PCRs to confirm the presence of these viruses. The circulation of viruses related to Alphamesonivirus, Quaranjavirus and unclassified Bunyavirales was detected in mosquitoes, and phylogenetic analyses revealed their similarities to viruses previously reported in other continents. To the best our knowledge, our findings constitute the first distribution record of these viruses in European mosquitoes and the first hint of insect-specific viruses in mosquitoes’ saliva in field conditions, demonstrating the feasibility of this approach to monitor the transmissible fraction of the mosquitoes’ virome. In conclusion, this pilot viromics study on honey-baited FTA cards was shown to be a valid approach for the detection of viruses circulating in mosquitoes, thereby setting up an alternative tool for arbovirus surveillance and control programs.
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Yue, Na, and Zichao Jia. "Comparison between Whatman FTA Elute Cards and Conventional Swab for the Detection of Pathogenic Enteric Bacteria Using an RT-qPCR Assay." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology 2021 (July 2, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9963047.
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The emergence of outbreaks of foodborne illness is closely associated with food contamination caused by various enteric pathogens, such as Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis, and Staphylococcus aureus. The control of enteric pathogens poses a challenge due to the fact that these pathogens can persist for a long period of time in the environment. The rapid detection of pathogenic organisms plays a crucial role in the prevention and identification of crises related to health, safety, and well-being. Improper sample handling and processing may influence the diagnostic efficacy and accuracy. The aim of the present study was to compare the preservation capacity for enteric bacteria between Whatman Flinders Technology Associates (FTA) cards and swabs for reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) detection. It was found that Whatman FTA cards exhibited an improved preservation capacity for five types (both laboratory and environmental strains) of enteric bacteria, including Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis, and Staphylococcus aureus for RT-qPCR detection. Hence, Whatman FTA cards may be a suitable tool for the routine isolation of foodborne bacteria for molecular diagnosis. Therefore, the use of Whatman FTA cards for sample collection and preservation may increase sensitivity and accuracy for bacteria isolation and diagnosis.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "FTA cards"
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Haraldsson, Charlotte, and Viktor Ingildsen. "Detection of Lactobacillus reuteri in saliva using FTA™ Elute cards and polymerase chain reaction-technique." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Odontologiska fakulteten (OD), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-19677.
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Background: Probiotic bacteria have been used for centuries to obtain a better health and the majority of publications have focused on the gut health. More recent studies do also investigate if the bacteria could have any effect in the oral microflora. Since probiotic products are becoming more common on the market, it is interesting to investigate if these probiotic bacteria exist in the oral cavity and if they exert any therapeutic effect on oral diseases. The aim of this study was to determine an uncomplicated method capable of measuring one bacterium associated with caries prophylactic properties. Methods: Saliva from three test subjects were collected before and after chewing on a tablet containing Lactobacillus reuteri. DNA from each saliva sample was extracted using FTA™ elute cards and amplified with a PCR. Saliva samples were cultured on Rogosa agar for comparison. Saliva after chewing was diluted for determination of detection level using Rogosa agar counts as standard. Amplified samples were analysed from stained electrophoresis gels.Results: The PCR method could detect Lactobacillus reuteri in saliva if the content was 250 CFU/mL or higher. An increase in CFU/mL in saliva after chewing can be observed. Saliva could before chewing show in two out of three test subjects no amplifiable DNA whilst after chewing all did.Conclusions: A method considered uncomplicated that is capable of detecting Lactobacillus reuteri in saliva has been developed. Detection level was 250 CFU/mL.
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Gabrieli, A. "STUDIO DI TECNOLOGIE DI AMPLIFICAZIONE E GENOTIPIZZAZIONE DEL GENOMA SU CAMPIONI DI DNA PROVENIENTI DA SANGUE E DA CELLULE DELLA BOCCA PER APPLICAZIONI IN AMBITO EPIDEMIOLOGICO." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/150115.
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In epidemiological studies the amount of biological material available is a limiting factor. Many studies use DNA as biological sample obtained by venipuncture, but this collection method is invasive especially if donors are children and the elderly. The use of mouth cells can be an alternative source, although you get DNA of poor quality and quantity. To increase the amount of DNA extracted from buccal cells, you can use the "Whole Genome Amplification”. The aim of my PhD project was to develop a method to extract DNA from buccal cells and to study amplification technologies and subsequent genotyping of DNA extracted from blood and buccal cells. The accuracy of WGA was evaluated with different techniques of molecular biology and genotyping: direct sequencing, allelic discrimination assays, microsatellite genotyping and ”genome wide analysis”. Our analysis showed that the WGA can be used to increase the amount of starting biological material, however, it has some limitations, the fact that direct sequencing and analysis with microsatellites in some cases, may cause a loss of 'genetic information’. According to the data found using DNA from buccal cells and WGA, we have genotyped GSTP1 gene polymorphism Ile105/Val105 about 103 people in the Milan area through Real Time. The study of allele frequencies of this polymorphism in the GSTP1 gene is part of a project aiming to determine whether in patients with respiratory diseases there is an interaction between individual genetic predisposition and exposure to a common external agent coming from urban pollution. The genotypic frequencies obtained in our population were not significantly different from those of Tuscany population genotyped for the HapMap project, so our samples will be used as reference for future studies. Furthermore, we showed that both buccal cells and the WGA can be used in epidemiological analysis for genotyping through Real Time PCR. WGA may be a useful way to increase the amount of DNA; DNA extracted from buccal cells can be a valuable resource for genetic studies.
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Khoory, Haifa. "The feasibility of transferring cells from archived buccal swabs to FTA card for long term and simple storage of forensic samples." University of Western Australia. Centre for Forensic Science, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0088.
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[Truncated abstract] The collection of buccal cells is common practise in the epidemiological and forensic science. Unlike venipuncture collection of blood; it is a safer, non-invasive method for collection of biological material. The methods by which these cells are collected from the inner cheek of an individual and stored are the key elements in preserving DNA. Typically, forensic samples require long term storage. Samples are commonly collected on cotton swabs and stored moist at low to ultra-low temperatures (less than -20oC). Although this is the method of choice in most forensic facilities, there are drawbacks. The samples are inherently contaminated with microflora within the oral cavity and the moisture allows a plethora of microorganisms to grow. As the time frame that has elapsed from collection to storage increases, there is an exponential increase in bacterial cells. Storage of containers containing swabs coated with cells at temperatures below 20oC is also costly due to requirements for large freezers which are running and monitored over 24 hours. In the pass 10 to 15 years, researchers have focussed on alternative ways to store buccal cells. The FTA card system by Whatman is one such development. The FTA card is unique in that it provides a means for the collection of buccal cells for storage at room temperature. DNA profiling from samples stored in this way for 11 years has been successfully achieved. The filter paper matrix of the FTA card binds and subsequently lyses cells. ... (2) The second component of this thesis describes a study which subjected cells on buccal swabs to various conditions of increased temperature over periods of time to establish if DNA could be amplified. The aim was to mimic exposure to the vigours of field conditions, particularly in the extreme local environments that prevail in the United Arab Emirates. a. Initially, buccal cells stored at -20oC over 360 days were used to mimic standard archiving procedures. The cells were subsequently transferred to FTA cards, amplified and profiled by using ABI AmpFLSTR Identifiler PCR Amplification Kit (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA). Complete STR profiles were successfully recovered from the archived swabs. In most cases 100% of alleles were recovered, suggesting that it is feasible to transfer DNA from properly archived buccal swabs to FTA cards. b. The second phase involved the storage of fresh swabs that had been artificially aged by using incubation temperatures ranging from 40oC to 100oC. Partial profiles resulted from artificially aged samples, indicating that the prevailing conditions prior to low temperature storage of the swabs plays an important role in ensuring cellular integrity and thus, DNA quality. Results from this study suggest that it is possible for biological samples stored under correct conditions to be transferred from swabs to FTA card. In combination, the two chapters presented in this study show that it is feasible to transfer achieved forensic biology samples from swabs to the FTA card system. However, it is necessary to ensure that the samples are treated in the correct manner so as to minimise contamination from external sources and to maintain the correct environmental state to maintain intact cells and usable DNA.
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Březík, Petr. "Vývojový kit s ARM7." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219712.
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The work deals with the 32-bit microcontroller with AT91SAM7X256 ARM7 core. The overall purpose of the thesis is to use the microcontroller as a data logger in Orpheus robotic system. The main part of the work focuses on detailed description of the designed board, software and development environment. A comparison of different varieties of the microcontroller with this core is included.
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Cardenas, Nicolas Cespedes. "Evaluación de los especímenes clínicos preservados en FTA elute card Whatman ®, solución saturada de borato de sodio y refrigeradas para el diagnostico molecular de Mycobacterium bovis." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10134/tde-16032017-152445/.
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La tuberculosis bovina es una enfermedad causada por el agente Mycobacterium bovis, que es parte del complejo Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTC). Bacterias del MTC infectan una gran variedad de mamíferos, incluyendo al hombre. Mejorar el diagnostico de esta enfermedad permite identificar brotes y formular acciones de control. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la sensibilidad y especificidad de dos métodos de extracción en diferentes tipos de preservación, analizando cuatro tipos de muestras de la misma lesión tuberculosa: impresiones de la lesión en FTA elute card Whatman ®, ii. Lesiones congeladas y iii. Lesiones almacenadas en borato de sodio durante 30 y 60 días. Para las muestras congeladas, impresiones en tarjetas FTA y preservadas en borato, fue realizada la extracción usando el protocolo descrito por BOOM et al., 1990. Además, para cada tipo de muestra se realizaron aislamientos en los medios de cultivo Stonebrink y Lowenstein-Jensen. Fue realizada la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) utilizando los primers INS1-INS2 para identificar DNA de bacterias pertenecientes al MTC. Se encontró que las muestras congeladas tienen mejor sensibilidad, Fueron obtenidas colonias de Mycobacterium bovis de las tarjetas FTA. Estos resultados ayudan a mejorar el proceso de colecta y transporte de muestras del sistema de vigilancia en tuberculosis bovinaA tuberculose bovina é uma doença causada pelo agente Mycobacterium bovis, que é parte do complexo Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTC). Bactérias do MTC infectam uma grande variedade de mamíferos, incluindo o homem. Melhorar o diagnóstico desta doença permite identificar surtos e formular ações de controle. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a sensibilidade e especificidade de dois métodos de extração em diferentes tipos de preservação, analisando quatro tipos de amostras da mesma lesão tuberculosa: impressões da lesão em FTA elute card Whatman ®, ii. lesões congeladas e iii. lesões armazenadas em borato de sódio durante 30 e 60 dias. Para as amostras congeladas, impressiones no papel FTA e preservadas em borato, foi realizada a extração usando o protocolo descrito por BOOM et al., 1990. Além disso, para cada tipo de amostra se realizaram isolamentos nos meios de cultura Stonebrink e Lowenstein-Jensen. Foi realizada a reação em cadeia da polimerasa (PCR) utilizando os primers INS1-INS2 para identificar DNA de bacterias pertencentes ao MTC. Encontrou-se que as amostras congeladas tem melhor sensibilidade, Foram obtidas colônias de Mycobacterium bovis dos papeis FTA. Estes resultados ajudam a melhorar o processo de colheita e transporte de amostras do sistema de vigilância em tuberculosis bovina.
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Novotný, Tomáš. "Tachometr založený na akcelerometru a GPS." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-237121.
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This thesis deals with a design of speedometer for sportsmen, which is able to display current speed and to record a trip. The proposed parts are small enough. That's why sportsman won't be bothered much. The GPS is used for measurement of speed and to determine position. A strip, which consists of LED diodes, is used for speed displaying. The strip is situated in a sportsman's glasses. A trip is recorded to a MultiMediaCard. The FAT file system is used on the memory card.
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SOLA, Marilia Cristina. "Emprego da Técnica de pcr em tempo real na detecção de DNA de Brucella spp em lesões de carcaças e vísceras provenientes de matadouros- frigoríficos sob inspeção federal." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/847.
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Dissertacao Marilia Cristina Sola.pdf: 489950 bytes, checksum: 4d267a18376c43b47c56d28c43d655a5 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2011-02-28Brucellosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by bacterium of the genus Brucella, which affects humans and different species of animals. Despite the implementation of programs aimed at the disease controlling and eradicating, brucelosis is endemic in many countries, especially in developing ones, resulting in significant economic losses and serious implications for animal and public health, due to its zoonotic character. The disease can be transmitted by direct or indirect contact with infected animals, fetal membranes, and also transmitted to humans by contaminated animal products, especially milk and dairy products that have not undergone thermal processing, by raw meat and the handling of carcasses and visceras at the slaughterhouse. The National Programme for Control and Eradication of Brucellosis (PNCEBT), established in the country in 2001, determines the diagnosis of animals in order to establish both the distribution and characterization of the agent. In this context and seeking for a rapid, safe and precise diagnosis of this disease in cattle, we aimed to detect Brucella spp by real time PCR in suspect lesions detected during routine inspection in slaughterhouses under Federal Inspection in the state of Goias, Brazil. Such lesions were related to cervical bursitis, testicular, lung and liver lesions and also in mandibular, retropharyngeal, esophageal, intercostal, apical, mediastinal, tracheobronchial, inguinal, ischiatic, popliteal and mesenteric lymphnodes. In the sampling procedure, cellulose cards were used for storage of biological material (card FTA ® Elute) by impregnating the material in the fibrous matrix of the card. Laboratory analyses were performed on 47 samples from animal tissue and fluids, collected from carcasses and visceras at 40 bovines suspected of brucellosis. Samples were processed at the Laboratório de Biologia Molecular from the Centro de Pesquisa em Alimentos, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia from Universidade Federal de Goiás (LBM / CPA / EVZ / UFG). Brucella spp was detected in 42.5% of the bovines with suspect lesions and in 38.3% of samples. It was verified that the use of real-time PCR associated with the FTA® Elute method is an important diagnostic tool in the process of trial and disposition of carcasses and visceras of slaughtered animals and it gives flexibility and efficiency for the diagnosis of diseases, helping the Federal Inspection Service in fulfilling its mission of providing safe food to consumers
A brucelose é uma enfermidade infectocontagiosa de caráter crônico, causada por bactérias do gênero Brucella, que acomete o homem e diferentes espécies animais. Apesar da implementação de programas que visam o controle e a erradicação da enfermidade, apresenta-se endêmica em muitos países, principalmente aqueles em desenvolvimento, resultando em prejuízos econômicos significativos aos sistemas de produção e sérias implicações em saúde animal e pública, visto seu caráter zoonótico. A doença pode ser transmitida pelo contato direto ou indireto com animais infectados e anexos fetais e, ainda, veiculada ao homem pela ingestão de produtos de origem animal contaminados, principalmente leite e seus derivados que não passaram por processamento térmico. Pode ser veiculada também por meio de carnes cruas e pela própria manipulação de carcaças e vísceras durante o abate sanitário. O Programa Nacional de Controle e Erradicação da Brucelose e Tuberculose (PNCEBT) instituído no país em 2001 determina como uma das medidas sanitárias, o diagnóstico dos animais, a fim de estabelecer a ocorrência, distribuição e caracterização do agente. Neste contexto, visando um diagnóstico rápido, seguro e preciso desta enfermidade em bovinos, objetivou-se detectar o DNA de Brucella spp por meio da técnica de PCR em Tempo Real em lesões sugestivas identificadas durante a inspeção sanitária de rotina em matadouros-frigoríficos sob Inspeção Federal no estado de Goiás. Tais lesões abrangeram a bursite cervical, lesões testiculares, pulmonares, hepáticas e de linfonodos mandibular, retrofaríngeo, esofageano, intercostal, apical, mediastínico, traqueobrônquico, inguinal, isquiático, poplíteo e mesentérico. Para tanto, no procedimento de colheita de amostras, foram utilizados cartões de celulose destinados ao armazenamento de material biológico (cartão FTA® Elute), por impregnação do material na matriz fibrosa do cartão. As análises laboratoriais foram efetuadas em 47 amostras provenientes de fluidos e tecido animal, colhidas em carcaças e vísceras de 40 bovinos com suspeita de brucelose e desenvolvidas no Laboratório de Biologia Molecular do Centro de Pesquisa em Alimentos da Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade Federal de Goiás (LBM/CPA/EVZ/UFG). Detectou-se o DNA de Brucella spp em 42,5% dos bovinos que apresentaram lesões sugestivas e em 38,3% das amostras totais. Verificou-se que o emprego da técnica de PCR em Tempo Real associada ao método FTA® Elute, é uma ferramenta de diagnóstico importante no processo de julgamento e destino de carcaças e vísceras dos animais de abate, tendo em vista que confere agilidade e eficiência no diagnóstico das enfermidades, auxiliando o Serviço de Inspeção Federal no cumprimento de sua missão, ou seja, de colocar à disposição do consumidor, alimentos seguros.
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Nimmagadda, Rama Krishna. "A HIGHLY RELIABLE NON-VOLATILE FILE SYSTEM FOR SMALL SATELLITES." UKnowledge, 2008. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/571.
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Recent Advancements in Solid State Memories have resulted in packing several Giga Bytes (GB) of memory into tiny postage stamp size Memory Cards. Of late, Secure Digital (SD) cards have become a de-facto standard for all portable handheld devices. They have found growing presence in almost all embedded applications, where huge volumes of data need to be handled and stored.
For the very same reason SD cards are being widely used in space applications also. Using these SD Cards in space applications requires robust radiation hardened SD cards and Highly Reliable Fault Tolerant File Systems to handle them. The present work is focused on developing a Highly Reliable Fault Tolerant SD card based FAT16 File System for space applications.
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Laurinc, Pavel. "Připojení paměťové karty SD k mikrokontroléru." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-236829.
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Author concerns with SD memory cards and microcontroller Atmel ATmega128. He describes their architecture, features, properties and technology used in devices. He is mentioning principle of communication protocols used by SD card, through that cards can communicate with other connected devices. He analyzes the functionality of FAT file system. He describes the design and implementation of interfaces to connect the SD cards to microcontroller. He explains software solutions of this project and gives impartial view to usage and comparisons of implemented modes of communication witch card.
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Sulistyawati, P. "Forest diseases : FTA cards and DNA sampling." Thesis, 2010. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/22273/1/whole_SulistyawatiPurnamila2010_thesis.pdf.
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The identification of plant pathogens often requires rapid, effective and reliable
sampling techniques for pathogens or -infected plant tissues. The first and
critical step to a PCR-based identification from the processing of sampled
tissues is the extraction and purification of template DNA of suitable quality
for PCR. Many DNA extraction techniques for plant and fungal DNA are time consuming
and/or require sophisticated laboratory equipment. Whatman
International Ltd from Flinders Technology Associates (FTA) has patented
cards which offer a simple and rapid method for the room temperature
collection, transport and storage (short and long term) of DNA. Direct capture
of plant pathogen DNA in the field, achieved by squashing infected tissue
(either symptomatic or asymptomatic) and/or pathogen structures onto cards,
will facilitate the detection and identification o~ the pathogen. DNA sampling
with these cards provides many advantages for a plant pathologist such as
increasing the number of samples that can be collected, stored and transported
in the field, especially in remote locations. It circumvents any requirement for
travelling with collection containers, cumbersome equipment or labile buffers.
It is particularly useful when the isolation of a pathogen is either not possible,
as for an obligate pathogen, or only achieved with a low rate of success.
The aims of the research in this thesis were to investigate the applicability of
FTA cards as a new method for DNA sampling from fungal and infected plant
material associated with forest diseases. After DNA sampling and capture on
the card, the DNA extractions were subjected to PCR, DNA sequencing and
species-specific PCR. There were three main sources of material squashed onto
the FTA cards; fungal material (cultures, fruitbodies and spores); asymptomatic
or symptomatic plant material (root, leaves, and seeds); water and soil that
were likely to contain infective propagules.
DNA was easily obtained from fungal cultures squashed onto cards and the
DNA thus harvested is suitable for PCR, DNA sequencing and species specific
PCR. With the latter type of PCR, caution must be exercised when
using the card in order to avoid contamination. In case studies of forest
diseases involving the squashing of infected material onto FTA cards, several
fungal pathogens were identified based on sequencing of the PCR product
obtained from the DNA captured by the FTA card; Fusarium oxysporum,
Cylindrocladium spp., Phoma spp., and Phytophthora spp. were detected and
identified. The use of FTA cards to sample the DNA of certain fungal
propagules such as rust spores or the fungal propagules contained in soil or
water did not prove very successful.
These preliminary results clearly demonstrate the potential of FTA cards to
assist forest pathologists in disease detection and identification. Further
modifications to FTA card sampling techniques are discussed so that the DNA
of a wide range of forest pathogens can be successfully obtained from plant
tissue, soil or water.
Books on the topic "FTA cards"
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Patricia, Jamieson, ed. The essential Eating well cookbook: Good carbs, good fats, great flavors. Woodstock, Vt: Countryman Press, 2004.
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Mindell, Earl. Earl Mindell's diet bible: Cut the carbs and lose the fat. Gloucester, Mass: Fair Winds, 2002.
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United States. Federal Trade Commission. Bureau of Consumer Protection, ed. Consumer fraud in the United States: The second FTC survey. Washington, DC: Federal Trade Commission, 2007.
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Bilardo, Antonino. Iconografia del Crocifisso e dell'Assunta fra arte e devozione: Santini in mostra : Castroreale, Museo civico, 1 agosto-7 settembre 1997. Castroreale: Il Museo, 1997.
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Truth about carbs: How to eat just the right amount of carbs to slash fat, look great naked, & live lean year-round. [Place of publication not identified]: Archangel Ink, 2014.
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Change your biology cookbook: 50 top rated diet meals cut calories, reduce fat, and reduce simple carbs. Place of publication not identified]: Robert Edeson, 2016.
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Fillanti, Ornero. Carte e parole in gioco: Quattro passi per Sant'Erminio, fra luoghi, circolo, memorie, giochi di carte. Perugia: Era nuova, 2006.
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Turner, Natasha. The carb sensitivity program: Discover which carbs will curb your cravings, control your appetite and banish belly fat. Toronto: Random House Canada, 2012.
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The carb sensitivity program: Discover which carbs will curb your cravings, control your appetite, and banish belly fat. Emmaus, Pa: Rodale, 2012.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "FTA cards"
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Dash, Hirak Ranjan, Pankaj Shrivastava, and Surajit Das. "Reliable Use of Whatman™ FTA™ Cards for One-Step Collection and Isolation of DNA." In Springer Protocols Handbooks, 109–15. New York, NY: Springer US, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0274-4_14.
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Sylnice, Joe R., and Germán H. Alférez. "Dynamic Evolution of Simulated Autonomous Cars in the Open World Through Tactics." In Proceedings of the Future Technologies Conference (FTC) 2018, 257–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02686-8_21.
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Stefania, Spada, Germanà Danila, Sessa Fabrizio, and Lidia Ghibaudo. "FCA Ergonomics Proactive Approach in Developing New Cars: Virtual Simulations and Physical Validation." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 57–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41627-4_6.
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"PROTOCOL 06-04.1: DNA extraction from plant material or mycelium using IsoCode Stixs or FTA cards." In Laboratory Protocols for Phytophthora Species, edited by Jean Ristaino, 1–3. The American Phytopathological Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/9780890544969.06.04.1.
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Straub, Rainer H. "Neuroendocrine system and chronic autoimmune rheumatic diseases." In Oxford Textbook of Rheumatology, 162–71. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0022_update_004.
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Endocrine abnormalities are very common in patients with chronic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (CARDs) due to the systemic involvement of the central nervous system and endocrine glands. In recent years, the response of the endocrine (and also neuronal) system to peripheral inflammation has been linked to overall energy regulation of the diseased body and bioenergetics of immune cells. In CARDs, hormonal and neuronal pathways are outstandingly important in partitioning energy-rich fuels from muscle, brain, and fat tissue to the activated immune system. Neuroendocrine regulation of fuel allocation has been positively selected as an adaptive programme for transient serious, albeit non-life-threatening, inflammatory episodes. In CARDs, mistakenly, the adaptive programmes are used again but for a much longer time leading to systemic disease sequelae with endocrine (and also neuronal) abnormalities. The major endocrine alterations are depicted in the following list: mild activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system, inadequate secretion of ACTH and cortisol relative to inflammation, loss of androgens, inhibition of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and fertility problems, high serum levels of oestrogens relative to androgens, fat deposits adjacent to inflamed tissue, increase of serum prolactin, and hyperinsulinaemia (and the metabolic syndrome). Neuroendocrine abnormalities are demonstrated using this framework that can explain many CARD-related endocrine disturbances. This chapter gives an overview on pathophysiology of neuroendocrine alterations in the context of energy regulation.
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"- Dietary Fat Absorption Visualized by CARS Microscopy." In Coherent Raman Scattering Microscopy, 590–601. CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b12907-32.
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"Death Card Sonnet (Cassadaga, Fla., Black Friday)." In Moon News, 27. University of Arkansas Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1kmj895.18.
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Petajan, Eric. "Visual Speech and Gesture Coding Using the MPEG-4 Face and Body Animation Standard." In Visual Speech Recognition, 128–48. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-186-5.ch004.
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Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) is the most natural input modality from humans to machines. When the hands are busy or a full keyboard is not available, speech input is especially in demand. Since the most compelling application scenarios for ASR include noisy environments (mobile phones, public kiosks, cars), visual speech processing must be incorporated to provide robust performance. This chapter motivates and describes the MPEG-4 Face and Body Animation (FBA) standard for representing visual speech data as part of a whole virtual human specification. The super low bit-rate FBA codec included with the standard enables thin clients to access processing and communication services over any network including enhanced visual communication, animated entertainment, man-machine dialog, and audio/visual speech recognition.
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Trollope, Anthony. "Chapter 42 Lady Baldock does not send a Card to Phineas Finn." In Phineas Finn. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199581436.003.0045.
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Lady Baldock’s house in Berkeley Square was very stately,—a large house with five front windows in a row, and a big door, and a huge square hall, and a fat porter in a round-topped chair;—but it was dingy and dull, and could not have...
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Pang, Les. "Data Mining In the Federal Government." In Data Warehousing and Mining, 2421–26. IGI Global, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-951-9.ch145.
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Data mining has been a successful approach for improving the level of business intelligence and knowledge management throughout an organization. This article identifies lessons learned from data mining projects within the federal government including military services. These lessons learned were derived from the following project experiences: • Defense Medical Logistics Support System Data Warehouse Program • Department of Defense (DoD) Defense Financial and Accounting Service (DFAS) “Operation Mongoose” • DoD Computerized Executive Information System (CEIS) • Department of Transportation (DOT) Executive Reporting Framework System • Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Aircraft Accident Data Mining Project • General Accounting Office (GAO) Data Mining of DoD Purchase and Travel Card Programs • U.S. Coast Guard Executive Information System • Veteran Administrations (VA) Demographics System
Conference papers on the topic "FTA cards"
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Mitchell, Margaret, Simone Wu, Andrew Zaldivar, Parker Barnes, Lucy Vasserman, Ben Hutchinson, Elena Spitzer, Inioluwa Deborah Raji, and Timnit Gebru. "Model Cards for Model Reporting." In FAT* '19: Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3287560.3287596.
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Carolan, Michael, Benjamin Perlman, and David Tyrell. "Crippling Test of a Budd Pioneer Passenger Car." In 2012 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2012-74087.
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This research program was sponsored by the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) Office of Research and Development in support of the advancement of improved safety standards for passenger rail vehicles. FRA and the Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (Volpe Center) have conducted a research program to develop alternative methods for demonstrating occupied volume integrity (OVI) of passenger rail cars using a combination of testing and analysis. Previous publications have addressed the planning and progress of a series of tests intended to examine the collision load path through the occupant volume of passenger cars equipped with crash energy management (CEM) systems. This program has included an elastic 800-kip buff strength test, two quasi-static tests that loaded a passenger car to its ultimate (crippling) capacity, and corresponding finite element (FE) analyses of each test. This paper discusses the two crippling tests and the companion FE analyses. One alternative method for evaluating OVI moves the applied loads from the line of draft to the collision load path. This alternative methodology also permits a combination of testing and analysis to be used to demonstrate the car’s OVI, in contrast to the conventional methodology (as prescribed in existing FRA regulations) which only permits testing. The alternative methodology was adopted as the recommendations developed by the Railroad Safety Advisory Committee’s (RSAC) Engineering Task Force (ETF) in its “Technical Criteria and Procedures for Evaluating the Crashworthiness and Occupant Protection Performance of Alternatively-Designed Passenger Rail Equipment for Use in Tier I Service.” The research program was undertaken to verify the efficacy of using a combination of elastic testing and plastic analysis to evaluate the OVI of a passenger car loaded along its collision load path as prescribed in the ETF report. Earlier in this research program an elastic test of a Budd Pioneer car was used to validate an FE model of the car, per the ETF’s procedures. This model was then modified to reflect the condition of the car in its crippling test configuration. The model was used to simulate the crippling behavior of the car, following the ETF’s procedures. Two Pioneer cars were then tested to crippling to provide additional data to validate the FE model and the proposed alternative OVI evaluation. Because the test cars used in this research program were equipped with CEM systems, the alternative evaluation loads were placed at the locations where the energy-absorbing components attached to the occupant volume. During both crippling tests, loads were measured at each energy-absorber support location on the live and restrained ends of the car. Additional instrumentation used in the second crippling test included strain gages on the major longitudinal structural members, displacement transducers at each load location, and vertical, lateral, and longitudinal displacement transducers on the underframe of the car. The results of the FE analysis compare favorably with the results of the crippling tests. In particular, the crippling loads are consistent between the tests and analysis: crippling loads for the first and second cars tested were 1.15 and 1.19 million pounds respectively, and the pre-test FEA estimated a crippling load of 1.19 million pounds. The research program has established a technical basis for the alternative OVI requirements and methodology.
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Kapoor, Nikhil, Chun Yuan, Jonas Löhdefink, Roland Zimmerman, Serin Varghese, Fabian Hüger, Nico Schmidt, Peter Schlicht, and Tim Fingscheidt. "A Self-Supervised Feature Map Augmentation (FMA) Loss and Combined Augmentations Finetuning to Efficiently Improve the Robustness of CNNs." In CSCS '20: Computer Science in Cars Symposium. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3385958.3430477.
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Carolan, Michael, and Michelle Priante Muhlanger. "Strategy for Alternative Occupant Volume Testing." In ASME 2009 Rail Transportation Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/rtdf2009-18025.
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This paper describes plans for a series of quasi-static compression tests of rail passenger equipment. These tests are designed to evaluate the strength of the occupant volume under static loading conditions. The research plan includes a detailed examination of the behavior of conventional equipment during the 800,000-pound buff strength test. The research will also include a demonstration of an alternative static test that is designed to load and test the occupant volume at a location other than the buff lugs. The alternative test will demonstrate a testing and evaluation method for the occupant volume strength of passenger rail cars that accounts for the collision load path through the occupant volume. Per current Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) regulations, all passenger cars must support an 800,000-pound static load applied to the car’s line of draft without undergoing permanent deformation. However, more operators are looking to introduce equipment built to foreign standards. Many international manufacturers are implementing alternative designs that make use of crash energy management design features, articulated truck designs that span two cars, and low floor designs. These changes in the form and function of the designs require alternative means of applying a compressive load to assess occupant volume strength. FRA has reviewed several proposed alternatively designed equipment under requests for waivers for specific corridors of operation. Because the number of requests has increased significantly, FRA is trying to establish reasonable alternative means for assessing adequate and equivalent occupant volume strength to conventional equipment. This paper proposes an alternative static test procedure that will provide a means of evaluating a similar level of occupant volume integrity and passenger protection during a collision. The test will allow for greater design variation for newer rail cars and cars built to foreign standards. For the alternative test, the load may be introduced through the available structure at the floor level and at the roof level. These loading locations will enable the load to be applied directly into key longitudinal members in the load path of collision loads through the occupant volume. Finite element models are used before testing to determine appropriate alternative load levels and locations. The test article is a modified Budd Pioneer car. No significant modifications are planned for the longitudinal members of the car, or for the occupant volume.
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Alowais, Mohammed Ibrahim, and Lay-Ki Soon. "Credit Card Fraud Detection: Personalized or Aggregated Model." In 2012 Third FTRA International Conference on Mobile, Ubiquitous, and Intelligent Computing (MUSIC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/music.2012.27.
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Bopaiah, Karan, and Stephen Samuel. "Strategy for Optimizing an F1 Car’s Performance Based on FIA Regulations." In WCX SAE World Congress Experience. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2020-01-0545.
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Wang, R., J. Anderson, B. Auerbach, R. Blair, G. Drake, A. Kreps, J. Love, M. Oberling, J. Proudfoot, and J. Zhang. "The FTK to Level-2 Interface Card (FLIC) for the ATLAS experiment." In 2015 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.2015.7581975.
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Stringfellow, Richard, Christopher Paetsch, and Gabriel Amar. "Development and Fabrication of State-of-the-Art End Structures for Budd M1 Cars." In ASME 2008 Rail Transportation Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/rtdf2008-74033.
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The Volpe Center and the Federal Railroad Administration are engaged in active research aimed at improving rail vehicle crashworthiness. One component of this research is focused on improving the performance of passenger train cab cars during collisions with heavy objects at grade crossings. New standards have been approved by the American Public Transportation Association that increase the strength requirements for cab car end structures and impose further requirements on their ability to absorb energy during a collision. The FRA has issued a notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM) to include these new standards in 49CFR238.211. These standards include requirements for demonstration of energy absorption through either quasi-static or dynamic tests. The intent of each test method is to demonstrate a minimum level of energy absorption—120,000 ft-lbs for a corner post load and 135,000 ft-lbs for a collision post load—while limiting occupied volume intrusion to less than 10 inches. To aid in the development of these new standards, the FRA and Volpe Center are conducting a set of three tests: quasi-static loading of both the collision and corner posts, and dynamic loading of the collision post only. (A dynamic test of the corner post was conducted as part of an earlier program). These tests were developed to illustrate testing methodologies and to demonstrate the feasibility of the new energy absorption and large deformation requirements. In+ each test, the post is loaded 30 inches above the underframe by a proxy object that is 36-inches wide, with a 48-inch diameter cylindrical face. In support of this testing program, the research reported here focused on the design and fabrication of end frames suitable for retrofitting onto the cab end of a Budd M1 cab car. The design of an end frame for retrofit onto the cab end of a Budd Pioneer cab car was modified to account for differences between the two car designs. In addition, reinforcements to the M1 car body and connections from the end frame to the car body were designed and fabricated. An FEA model of the end frame retrofit onto the M1 cab car was developed based upon the detailed design. A series of linear and nonlinear static, quasi-static, and dynamic FEAs were performed to evaluate the performance of the design. Preliminary analyses revealed the need for a few minor modifications to the connections in order to meet design requirements; these were incorporated into the final design for manufacture. Components for the end frame, connections between the end frame and the car body, and reinforcements to the car body were fabricated based on detailed design drawings and then assembled and connected to the reinforced M1 Car, from which the original end frame had been cut off. A successful dynamic test was completed in April, 2008; quasi-static tests are scheduled for summer 2008. The results of FEA model predictions are compared with the results of the dynamic test.
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Enejder, Annika, Thomas Hellerer, Per Hillertz, Christian Brackmann, Claes Axäng, and Marc Pilon. "CARS microscopy for the monitoring of fat deposition mechanisms in a living organism." In Biomedical Optics 2006, edited by Ammasi Periasamy and Peter T. C. So. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.659069.
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Llana, Patricia. "Locomotive Crash Energy Management Test Plans." In 2015 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2015-5667.
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The Office of Research, Development, and Technology of the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) and the Volpe Center are continuing to evaluate new technologies for increasing the safety of passengers and operators in rail equipment. The results of vehicle-to-vehicle override, where the strong underframe of one vehicle, typically a locomotive, impacts the weaker superstructure of the other vehicle, can be devastating. Crashworthy components which can be integrated into the end structure of a locomotive have been developed to inhibit override in the event of collision. Recent research has resulted in the development of a design concept, including evaluation with finite-element analysis (FEA), fabrication, and component tests. The design concept developed incorporates two key components: a push-back coupler and a deformable anti-climber. Detailed designs for these components were developed and the performance of the designs was evaluated through large deformation dynamic FEA. Test articles were fabricated and dynamically tested to verify their individual performance characteristics. The tests were successful in demonstrating the required performance of the components. Test results were consistent with finite element model predictions of energy absorption capability, force-displacement behavior, and modes of deformation. Work is ongoing to retrofit these crashworthy components onto conventional locomotives and conduct full-scale dynamic impact tests of colliding cars, as well as colliding trains. Service tests will be performed to measure the impact speed at which push-back coupler triggering occurs. Vehicle-to-vehicle tests will be conducted to demonstrate the performance of the crashworthy components working together as an integrated system. The vehicle-to-vehicle tests will also allow an evaluation of the crashworthiness compatibility of a modified locomotive with a range of equipment, including conventional locomotives, cab cars, and freight cars. Train-to-train tests are planned to demonstrate incremental improvement, increased crashworthiness, compatibility, and serviceability. This paper describes the tests that are planned to demonstrate the behavior of these components when they are integrated into the end structure of a locomotive. The tests will demonstrate the in-service and crashworthiness performance of the modified locomotives. This research program endeavors to advance locomotive crashworthiness technology and develop the technical basis for generating specifications for push-back couplers and deformable anti-climbers.
Reports on the topic "FTA cards"
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Li, Howell, Tom Platte, Jijo K. Mathew, W. Benjamin Smith, Enrique Saldivar-Carranza, and Darcy M. Bullock. Using Connected Vehicle Data to Reassess Dilemma Zone Performance of Heavy Vehicles. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317321.
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The rate of fatalities at signalized intersections involving heavy vehicles is nearly five times higher than for passenger vehicles in the US. Previous studies in the US have found that heavy vehicles are twice as likely to violate a red light compared with passenger vehicles. Current technologies leverage setback detection to extend green time for a particular phase and are based upon typical deceleration rates for passenger cars. Furthermore, dilemma zone detectors are not effective when the max out time expires and forces the onset of yellow. This study proposes the use of connected vehicle (CV) technology to trigger force gap out (FGO) before a vehicle is expected to arrive within the dilemma zone limit at max out time. The method leverages position data from basic safety messages (BSMs) to map-match virtual waypoints located up to 1,050 ft in advance of the stop bar. For a 55 mph approach, field tests determined that using a 6 ft waypoint radius at 50 ft spacings would be sufficient to match 95% of BSM data within a 5% lag threshold of 0.59 s. The study estimates that FGOs reduce dilemma zone incursions by 34% for one approach and had no impact for the other. For both approaches, the total dilemma zone incursions decreased from 310 to 225. Although virtual waypoints were used for evaluating FGO, the study concludes by recommending that trajectory-based processing logic be incorporated into controllers for more robust support of dilemma zone and other emerging CV applications.
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Comparative Analysis on Fuel Consumption Between Two Online Strategies for P2 Hybrid Electric Vehicles: Adaptive-RuleBased (A-RB) vs Adaptive-Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (A-ECMS). SAE International, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2022-01-0740.
Full textAbstract:
Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) represent one of the main technological options for reducing vehicle CO2 emissions, helping car manufacturers (OEMs) to meet the stricter targets which are set by the European Green Deal for new passenger cars at 80 g CO2/km by 2025. The optimal power-split between the internal combustion engine (ICE) and the electric motor is a challenge since it depends on many unpredictable variables. In fact, HEV improvements in fuel economy and emissions strongly depend on the energy management strategy (EMS) on-board of the vehicle. Dynamic Programming approach (DP), direct methods and Pontryagin’s minimum principle (PMP) are some of the most used methodologies to optimize the HEV power-split. In this paper two online strategies are evaluated: an Adaptive-RuleBased (A-RB) and an Adaptive-Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (A-ECMS). At first, a description of the P2 HEV model is made. Second, the two sub-optimal strategies are described in detail and then implemented on the HEV model to derive the fuel-optimal control strategy managing the power split between the thermal and electric engine to satisfy the driver's power request, including the engine on/off operating mode and the best gear selection. Finally, the two proposed strategies are tested on different driving cycles and then compared to other commercial strategies available in literature, such as the Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS) and a RuleBased (RB) strategy. The results show that the A-ECMS is more conservative in terms of state of charge (SoC) compared to the A-RB. In fact, in the A-ECMS the SoC is always within the admissible range with considerable margin from the upper and lower limits for tested cycles, while in the A-RB a deep discharge of the battery is allowed. This behavior leads to a better fuel consumption of the A-RB compared to the A-ECMS, both in the WLTC and in the FTP-75 cycle.