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Sirasanagandla, Srinivasa, Varna Taranikanti, and Raghu Jetti. "A Complex Cross Link between the Tendons of Flexor Hallucis Longus and Flexor Digitorum Longus." Journal of Morphological Sciences 35, no. 03 (September 2018): 177–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1675225.
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AbstractAnatomical variations involving the flexor digitorum longus (FDL) and flexor hallucis longus (FHL) tendons are clinically important because of their significant role in reconstructive surgeries of tibialis posterior tendon insufficiencies and Achilles tendinopathies. Harvesting of grafts from these complex variations of FDL and FHL are surgically challenging. In the present case, we report a complex structural cross link between the FDL and FHL associated with morphological variations of the first lumbrical and flexor digitorum accessorius (FDA) attachments. A connecting slip from FHL was found to be inserted into the FDL tendon of the second toe. The FDA was inserted into the fibular side of the connecting slip of the FHL as well as into the FDL tendons of the third and fourth toes. The first lumbrical took origin from the tibial side of FHL connecting slip and from the tibial side of FDL tendon for second toe.
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Ali, Sayed, Nicole L. Griffin, Whitney Ellis, and Andrew J. Meyr. "Communication of Contrast in the Flexor Hallucis Longus Tendon with Other Pedal Tendons at the Master Knot of Henry." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 107, no. 2 (March 1, 2017): 166–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/14-148.
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It is important to have a full appreciation of lower-extremity anatomical relationships before undertaking diabetic foot surgery. We sought to evaluate the potential for communication of the flexor hallucis longus (FHL) tendon with other pedal tendons and plantar foot compartments at the master knot of Henry and to provide cadaveric images and computed tomographic (CT) scans of such communications. Computed tomography and subsequent anatomical dissection were performed on embalmed cadaveric limbs. Initially, 5 to 10 mL (1:4 dilution) of iohexol and normal saline was injected into the FHL sheath as it coursed between the two hallux sesamoids. Subsequently, CT scans were obtained in the axial plane using a multidetector CT scanner with sagittal and coronal reformatted images. The limbs were then dissected for specific evaluation of the known variable intertendinous connections between the FHL and flexor digitorum longus (FDL) and quadratus plantae (QP) muscles. One cadaver demonstrated retrograde flow of contrast into the four individual tendons of the FDL, with observation of a large intertendinous slip between the FHL and FDL on dissection. Another cadaver demonstrated contrast filling in the QP with an associated intertendinous slip between the FHL and QP on dissection. These results indicate that the master knot of Henry (the location in the plantar aspect of the midfoot where the FHL and FDL tendons decussate, with the FDL passing superficially over the FHL) has at least the potential to serve as one source of communication in diabetic foot infections from the medial plantar compartment and FHL to the central and lateral compartments via the FDL and to the rearfoot via the QP.
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Hildreth, Cara M., James R. Padley, Paul M. Pilowsky, and Ann K. Goodchild. "Impaired serotonergic regulation of heart rate may underlie reduced baroreflex sensitivity in an animal model of depression." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 294, no. 1 (January 2008): H474—H480. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.01009.2007.
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Serotonin (5-HT) is crucial to normal reflex vagal modulation of heart rate (HR). Reduced baroreflex sensitivity [spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity (sBRS)] and HR variability (HRV) reflect impaired neural, particularly vagal, control of HR and are independently associated with depression. In conscious, telemetered Flinders-Sensitive Line (FSL) rats, a well-validated animal model of depression, we tested the hypothesis that cardiovascular regulatory abnormalities are present and associated with deficient serotonergic control of reflex cardiovagal function. In FSL rats and control Flinders-Resistant (FRL) and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat strains, diurnal measurements of HR, arterial pressure (AP), activity, sBRS, and HRV were made. All strains had normal and similar diurnal variations in HR, AP, and activity. In FRL rats, HR was elevated, contributing to the reduced HRV and sBRS in this strain. In FSL rats, sBRS and high-frequency power HRV were reduced during the night, indicating reduced reflex cardiovagal activity. The ratio of low- to high-frequency bands of HRV was increased in FSL rats, suggesting a relative predominance of cardiac sympathetic and/or reflex activity compared with FRL and SD rats. These data show that conscious FSL rats have cardiovascular regulatory abnormalities similar to depressed humans. Acute changes in HR, AP, temperature, and sBRS in response to 8-hydroxy-2-(di- n-propylamino)tetralin, a 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, and 5-HT7 receptor agonist, were also determined. In FSL rats, despite inducing an exaggerated hypothermic effect, 8-hydroxy-2-(di- n-propylamino)tetralin did not decrease HR and AP or improve sBRS, suggesting impaired serotonergic neural control of cardiovagal activity. These data suggest that impaired serotonergic control of cardiac reflex function could be one mechanism linking reduced sBRS to increased cardiac risk in depression.
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Goss, David A., Adam Halverson, Terrence M. Philbin, and Patrick E. Bull. "Minimally Invasive Retrograde Method of Harvesting the Flexor Hallucis Longus Tendon: A Cadaveric Study." Foot & Ankle International 40, no. 10 (July 1, 2019): 1214–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071100719858074.
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Background: Use of the flexor hallucis longus (FHL) tendon is well described for several tendon augmentation procedures. Harvesting the FHL through an open medial approach is commonly done, but is associated with anatomic risks. Recently, several authors have described a minimally invasive (MI) technique to harvest the FHL tendon utilizing a hamstring tendon stripper commonly used in ACL reconstruction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of harvesting the FHL tendon using this novel minimally invasive retrograde approach. Methods: The FHL tendon was harvested through a transverse plantar incision over the interphalangeal joint of the great toe in 10 fresh-frozen cadaver lower extremities. A lateral-based incision for peroneal tendon repair was made and the FHL was retrieved. Tendon length, complications, and interconnections between the FHL and flexor digitorum longus (FDL) were recorded and classified. The specimens were then dissected by a single surgeon in a standardized fashion, and damage to any surrounding structures was recorded. Results: The average length of the FHL tendon from the distal stump to the first intertendinous connection was 13.3 cm (range 8.8-16 cm, SD 2.3 cm). Eight cadavers demonstrated Plaass type 1 interconnections whereas 2 demonstrated type 3. There was no injury to the medial and lateral plantar arteries and nerves, plantar plate, or FDL tendons. One FHL tendon was amputated at the level of the sustentaculum during graft harvest. No injury of the medial neurovascular structures occurred with retrieval of the FHL tendon through the lateral incision. Conclusions: We found that care must be taken when approaching the sustentaculum with the tendon harvester in order to avoid amputation of the graft against a hard bony endpoint. Additionally, flexion and extension of the lesser toes could aid in successful tendon harvest when tendon interconnections were encountered. Clinical Relevance: Using this MI technique appears to be a safe and effective way to obtain a long FHL tendon graft for tissue augmentation.
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Strich, David, Gilad Karavani, Shalom Edri, and David Gillis. "TSH enhancement of FT4 to FT3 conversion is age dependent." European Journal of Endocrinology 175, no. 1 (July 2016): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-16-0007.
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ObjectiveWe previously reported increasing free T3 (FT3) to free T4 (FT4) ratios as thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) increases within the normal range in children. It is not known if this phenomenon is age-related among humans, as previously reported in rats. This study examines the relationships between TSH and FT3/FT4 ratios in different ages.DesignRetrospective examination of thyroid tests from patients without thyroid disease from community clinics.MethodsFree T3, free T4, and TSH levels from 527 564 sera collected from patients aged 1 year or greater were studied. Exclusion criteria were the following: missing data, TSH greater than 7.5mIU/L, and medications that may interfere with thyroid hormone activity. A total of 27 940 samples remaining after exclusion were stratified by age. Samples with available anthropometric data were additionally stratified for body mass index (BMI). Correlations of TSH to FT4, FT3, and FT3/FT4 ratios by age group were examined.ResultsUp to age 40, for each increasing TSH quartile, FT3 and the FT3/FT4 ratio increased and FT4 decreased significantly (for both FT3, FT4 and FT3/FT4 ratio,P<0.05 for every TSH quartile when compared with the 1st quartile, except FT3 in the 30–40 age group). In older age groups, increasing TSH was not associated with increased FT3/FT4 ratio.ConclusionAs TSH levels increase, FT3/FT4 ratios increase until age 40, but this differential increase does not occur in older age groups. This may reflect a decrease in thyroxine (T4) to triiodothyronine (T3) conversion with age, which may be part of the aging process.
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Yeasmin, Shahanara, AFM Anwar Hossain, Tahmina Yeasmin, Md Ruhul Amin, Qazi Shamima Akhter, Md Abdul Kader, and Mostafa Kamal. "Study of serum FT3, FT4 and TSH in pregnant women." Journal of Dhaka Medical College 23, no. 1 (March 26, 2015): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdmc.v23i1.22697.
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Background: Thyroid diseases have a strong predominance in woman of childbearing age. Pregnancy may be associated with thyroid dysfunction. The aim of the present study was to assess the serum FT3, FT4 and TSH levels in pregnant women. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was done in the Department of Physiology of Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, from July 2006 to June 2007. Total 50 apparently healthy women of low socioeconomic class, age ranged from 18-40 years were selected from the Outpatient Department of Urban Primary Health Care Project (UPHCP) at Mirpur, Dhaka. Out of them 30 pregnant women of different trimester were taken as study group (group A) and 20 age matched non pregnant women were taken as control (group B). Serum FT3, FT4 and TSH levels were parameters in both groups. Statistical analysis was done by the SPSS version 12.0. Results: The mean serum FT3 levels were 6.36±1.16 pmol/L and 6.381.36 pmol/L in group A (Study) and group B (control) respectively. The mean serum FT4 levels were 20.25±4.77 pmol/L and 19.39±8.17 pmol/L in group A (Study) and group B (control) respectively. The mean serum TSH levels were 0.96±0.96 mIu/L and 1.27±0.86 mIu/L in group A (Study) and group B (control) respectively. The difference was not significant (p>0.05) between group A and B. Conclusion: From the results obtained in the present study, it may be concluded that there is no change of serum FT3, FT4 and TSH level in pregnancy. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdmc.v23i1.22697 J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 23, No.1, April, 2014, Page 68-72
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Yeasmin, Shahanara, AFM Anwar Hossain, Tahmina Yeasmin, and Md Ruhul Amin. "Study of Serum FT3, FT4 and TSH Levels in Pregnant Women." Medicine Today 27, no. 2 (October 22, 2016): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/medtoday.v27i2.30033.
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Thyroid disease have a strong predominance in woman of childbearing age. Pregnancy may be associated with thyroid dysfunction. Our objective was to assess the serum FT3, FT4 and TSH levels in pregnant women. This cross-sectional analytical study was done in the Department of Physiology of Dhaka Medical College from July 2006- June 2007. Total 50 apparently healthy women of low socioeconomic class, age ranged from 18- 40 years were selected from the Outpatient Department of urban primary health care project at Mirpur, Dhaka. Out of them 30 pregnant women of different trimester were taken as study group and 20 age matched non pregnant women were taken as control. Serum FT3, FT4 and TSH levels were parameters in both groups. Statistical analysis was done by the SPSS 12.0 programme. The means ( SD) of serum FT3 levels were 6.36 1.16 p mol/L and 6.38 1.38 p mol/L, FT4 levels were 20.25 4.77 pmol/L and 19.39 8.17 pmol/L and TSH levels were 0.96 0.96 mIu/L and 1.27 0.86 mIu/L in group A (Study) and group B (control) respectively. The difference of means ( SD) of serum FT3 , FT4 and TSH levels were not significant (p>0.05) between group A and B. From the statistical analysis of the results obtained in the present study and their comparison with those of published reports, it may be concluded that there is no change of serum FT3, FT4 and TSH levels in pregnancy.Medicine Today 2015 Vol.27(2): 1-4
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Turner, Stefanie, Carolyn Dress, and Vinod K. Misra. "A 3′-truncating FTL mutation associated with hypoferritinemia without neuroferritinopathy." European Journal of Medical Genetics 64, no. 3 (March 2021): 104159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmg.2021.104159.
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Nahin, Paul J. "Oliver Heaviside: an accidental time traveller." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 376, no. 2134 (October 29, 2018): 20170448. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2017.0448.
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A little discussed aspect of Heaviside's work in electromagnetics concerned faster-than-light (FTL) charged particles, precursors to the hypothetical tachyon and his discovery that such motion should produce a characteristic radiation signature (now called Cherenkov radiation ). When Heaviside wrote, the time travel implications of FTL were not known (Einstein was still a teenager), and in this paper some speculations are offered on what Heaviside would have thought of FTL time travel, and of the associated (now classic) time travel paradoxes, including the possibility (or not) of sending information into the past. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Celebrating 125 years of Oliver Heaviside's ‘Electromagnetic Theory’’.
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de Ronde, Willem, Yvonne T. van der Schouw, Huibert AP Pols, Louis JG Gooren, Majon Muller, Diederick E. Grobbee, and Frank H. de Jong. "Calculation of Bioavailable and Free Testosterone in Men: A Comparison of 5 Published Algorithms." Clinical Chemistry 52, no. 9 (September 1, 2006): 1777–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2005.063354.
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Abstract Background: Estimation of serum concentrations of free testosterone (FT) and bioavailable testosterone (bioT) by calculation is an inexpensive and uncomplicated method. We compared results obtained with 5 different algorithms. Methods: We used 5 different published algorithms [described by Sodergard et al. (bioTS and FTS), Vermeulen et al. (bioTV and FTV), Emadi-Konjin et al. (bioTE), Morris et al. (bioTM), and Ly et al. (FTL)] to estimate bioT and FT concentrations in samples obtained from 399 independently living men (ages 40–80 years) participating in a cross-sectional, single-center study. Results: Mean bioT was highest for bioTS (10.4 nmol/L) and lowest for bioTE (3.87 nmol/L). Mean FT was highest for FTS (0.41 nmol/L), followed by FTV (0.35 nmol/L), and FTL (0.29 nmol/L). For bioT concentrations, the Pearson correlation coefficient was highest for the association between bioTS and bioTV (r = 0.98) and lowest between bioTM and bioTE (r = 0.66). FTL was significantly associated with both FTS (r = 0.96) and FTV (r = 0.88). The Pearson correlation coefficient for the association between FTL and bioTM almost reached 1.0. Bland-Altman analysis showed large differences between the results of different algorithms. BioTM, bioTE, bioTV, and FTL were all significantly associated with sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) concentrations. Conclusion: Algorithms to calculate FT and bioT must be revalidated in the local setting, otherwise over- or underestimation of FT and bioT concentrations can occur. Additionally, confounding of the results by SHBG concentrations may be introduced.
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Vieira Neto, Antonio Eufrásio, Felipe Domingos de Sousa, Humberto D'Muniz Pereira, Frederico Bruno Mendes Batista Moreno, Marcos Roberto Lourenzoni, Thalles Barbosa Grangeiro, Ana Cristina de Oliveira Monteiro Moreira, and Renato de Azevedo Moreira. "New structural insights into anomeric carbohydrate recognition by frutalin: an α-d-galactose-binding lectin from breadfruit seeds." Biochemical Journal 476, no. 1 (January 11, 2019): 101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bcj20180605.
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Abstract Frutalin (FTL) is a multiple-binding lectin belonging to the jacalin-related lectin (JRL) family and derived from Artocarpus incisa (breadfruit) seeds. This lectin specifically recognizes and binds α-d-galactose. FTL has been successfully used in immunobiological research for the recognition of cancer-associated oligosaccharides. However, the molecular bases by which FTL promotes these specific activities remain poorly understood. Here, we report the whole 3D structure of FTL for the first time, as determined by X-ray crystallography. The obtained crystals diffracted to 1.81 Å (Apo-frutalin) and 1.65 Å (frutalin–d-Gal complex) of resolution. The lectin exhibits post-translational cleavage yielding an α- (133 amino acids) and β-chain (20 amino acids), presenting a homotetramer when in solution, with a typical JRL β-prism. The β-prism was composed of three 4-stranded β-sheets forming three antiparallel Greek key motifs. The carbohydrate-binding site (CBS) involved the N-terminus of the α-chain and was formed by four key residues: Gly25, Tyr146, Trp147 and Asp149. Together, these results were used in molecular dynamics simulations in aqueous solutions to shed light on the molecular basis of FTL-ligand binding. The simulations suggest that Thr-Ser-Ser-Asn (TSSN) peptide excision reduces the rigidity of the FTL CBS, increasing the number of interactions with ligands and resulting in multiple-binding sites and anomeric recognition of α-d-galactose sugar moieties. Our findings provide a new perspective to further elucidate the versatility of FTL in many biological activities.
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Korevaar, Tim I. M. "Early-Life Exposure to Flame Retardants Is Associated with Lower FT4 but Higher FT3 During Later Life." Clinical Thyroidology 31, no. 10 (October 1, 2019): 424–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ct.2019;31.424-426.
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Giri, Richa, Pravin Kumar Yadav, Saurabh Agarwal, and Lalit Kumar. "Assessment of prognostic value of FT3, FT4 and TSH among critically ill patients." International Journal of Advances in Medicine 8, no. 6 (May 26, 2021): 775. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20212098.
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Background: Thyroid dysfunction is found to be associated with increased morbidity and mortality rates in intensive care unit (ICU) admitted patients. Critically ill patients who were admitted to ICU showed free triiodothyronine (FT3) levels to be an independent and important predictor of mortality. Decreased levels of free thyroxine (T4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) showed an indication of worsening of disease and poor prognosis. The most common thyroid hormonal change reported in critically ill patients is reduced serum T3 level. The aim of this study was assessment and prognostic value of thyroid function values among critically ill patients.Methods: The prospective observational study was conducted at department of medicine, at tertiary care hospital of Kanpur, India on 100 critically ill patients admitted who were more than 18 years of age. Patients with history s/o previous thyroid illness and documented thyroid disease, and clinically evident thyroid enlargement were excluded from the study.Results: 50 (50.0%) of 100 patients were males and 50 (50.0%) were females. A total 44.0% mortality was reported with 57±11.96 years of mean age of non-survivors. Only FT3 of thyroid functions have shown statistically highly significant differences (p<0.01). Conclusions: In our study patient admitted in ICU, FT3 was the strongest predictor of ICU mortality in comparison to all other important parameters included in our study.
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Ribeiro, Deidiane E., Heidi K. Müller, Betina Elfving, Amanda Eskelund, Samia RL Joca, and Gregers Wegener. "Antidepressant-like effect induced by P2X7 receptor blockade in FSL rats is associated with BDNF signalling activation." Journal of Psychopharmacology 33, no. 11 (September 17, 2019): 1436–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269881119872173.
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Background: P2X7 receptors (P2X7R) are ligand-gated ion channels activated by adenosine 5’-triphosphate (ATP), which are involved in processes that are dysfunctional in stress response and depression, such as neurotransmitter release, and neuroimmune response. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of the P2X7R induce antidepressant-like effects in animals exposed to stress. However, the effect of P2X7R antagonism in an animal model of depression based on selective breeding has not previously been studied, and the mechanism underling the antidepressant-like effect induced by the P2X7R blockade remains unknown. Aims: The present study aimed to: (1) determine whether P2X7R blockade induces antidepressant-like effects in the Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL) rats and, (2) investigate whether brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signalling in the frontal cortex and hippocampus is involved in this effect. Methods: FSL and the control Flinders Resistant Line (FRL) rats were treated with vehicle or the P2X7R antagonist A-804598 (3, 10 or 30 mg/Kg/day) for 1 or 7 days before being exposed to the forced swim test (FST). After the behavioural test, animals were decapitated, their brains were removed and the frontal cortex, ventral and dorsal hippocampus were dissected for BDNF signalling analysis. Results: We found that repeated treatment with A-804598 (30 mg/Kg) reduced the immobility time in the FST and activated the BDNF signalling in the ventral hippocampus of FSL rats. Conclusions: P2X7R blockade induces an antidepressant-like effect associated with increased levels of BDNF-AKT-p70 S6 kinase in the ventral hippocampus, which may be mediated by tropomyosin-related kinase B (TRKB) receptor activation supporting the notion of P2X7R antagonism as a potential new antidepressant strategy.
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de Cesar Netto, Cesar, Apisan Chinanuvathana, Lucas Furtado Da Fonseca, Andres O’Daly Baquero, Eric Tan, Lara Atwater, and Lew Schon. "Outcomes of Flexor Digitorum Longus (FDL) Tendon Transfer for the Treatment of Chronic Achilles Tendinopathy." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 2, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 2473011417S0000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011417s000036.
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Category: Hindfoot, Sports Introduction/Purpose: Flexor hallucis longus (FHL) tendon transfer is a common surgical technique used for augmentation during the surgical treatment of chronic Achilles tendinopathy and reconstruction. Flexor digitorum longus (FDL) tendon transfer represents a viable surgical alternative for patients with failed FHL transfers or athletes where compromise of the hallux push off strength could negatively impact their level of activity. There is no reported clinical outcome data about this technique in the current literature. Our study describes the clinical and functional results after FDL tendon transfer for the treatment of patients with chronic Achilles tendinopathy. Methods: We retrospectively assessed prospectively collected data on patients that underwent FDL tendon transfer in the treatment of chronic Achilles tendinopathy (March 2012 - March 2015). Charts were reviewed for clinical data, associated treatments and complications. Preoperative assessment included the Visual Analogue Score (VAS), SF-36 health status survey and the lower extremity functional scale (LEFS). At final follow up we evaluated pain level, range of motion of the ankle and the toes, ability to perform single leg raise and toe walking, calf atrophy and complications. Postoperative outcomes were assessed by Visual Analogue Score (VAS), SF-36 health survey, Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS), Foot Function Index (FFI), VISA-A score and the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM). Fifteen patients (seventeen feet), 6 males and 9 females, mean age of 53.6 years (27- 76 years) and an average body mass index of 31.4 kg/m2 (20.5 to 45.4 kg/m2) were included in the study. Results: Mean follow-up was 27.5 months (15-49). Four patients (6 feet) had prior surgeries, including two patients with failed FHL transfer. We found significant clinical improvement when comparing pre-operative and postoperative VAS scores (6.0±3.3 versus 1±1.36; p<0.001), SF-36 physical component summary (28.2±10.7 versus 45.0±11.1; p<0.002) and LEFS (36.4±22 versus 57.9±20.5; p<0.011). At final follow up, 6/7 patients (86%) returned to prior levels of recreational sport activities. No differences were found on single leg raise test when compared to uninvolved side. One patient reported weakness for plantar flexion of the toes, without gait complaints. Mean VISA-A was 52.6 points (15-85), Foot Function Index (FFI) 21.2% (0-65%) and FAAM 86.2% (55.3-100%) for the FAAM. Three patients had superficial infection and two patients had deep infection, requiring surgical debridement. Conclusion: FDL tendon transfer represents a safe surgical alternative as a method of augmentation during the treatment of chronic Achilles tendinopathy. Our study showed comparable clinical and functional outcomes to FHL tendon transfer and minimal complications or donor site morbidity.
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Cools, Michael J., Wajd N. Al-Holou, William R. Stetler, Thomas J. Wilson, Karin M. Muraszko, Mohannad Ibrahim, Frank La Marca, Hugh J. L. Garton, and Cormac O. Maher. "Filum terminale lipomas: imaging prevalence, natural history, and conus position." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 13, no. 5 (May 2014): 559–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2014.2.peds13528.
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Object Filum terminale lipomas (FTLs) are being identified with increasing frequency due to the increasing utilization of MRI. Although an FTL may be associated with tethered cord syndrome (TCS), in many cases FTLs are diagnosed incidentally in patients without any symptoms of TCS. The natural history of FTLs is not well defined. Methods The authors searched the clinical and imaging records at a single institution over a 14-year interval to identify patients with FTLs. For patients with an FTL, the clinical records were reviewed for indication for imaging, presenting symptoms, perceived need for surgery, and clinical outcome. A natural history analysis was performed using all patients with more than 6 months of clinical follow-up. Results A total of 436 patients with FTL were identified. There were 217 males and 219 females. Of these patients, 282 (65%) were adults and 154 (35%) were children. Symptoms of TCS were present in 22 patients (5%). Fifty-two patients underwent surgery for FTL (12%). Sixty-four patients (15%) had a low-lying conus and 21 (5%) had a syrinx. The natural history analysis included 249 patients with a mean follow-up time of 3.5 years. In the follow-up period, only 1 patient developed new symptoms. Conclusions Filum terminale lipomas are a common incidental finding on spinal MRI, and most patients present without associated symptoms. The untreated natural history is generally benign for asymptomatic patients.
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Zhou, Yulin, Lei Ye, Tiange Wang, Jie Hong, Yufang Bi, Jie Zhang, Baihui Xu, Jichao Sun, Xiaolin Huang, and Min Xu. "Free Triiodothyronine Concentrations Are Inversely Associated with Microalbuminuria." International Journal of Endocrinology 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/959781.
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Thyroid function and microalbuminuria are both associated with vascular disease and endothelial damage. However, whether thyroid function is associated with microalbuminuria is not well established. The objective was to explore the relationship between thyroid hormones and microalbuminuria in Chinese population. A community-based cross-sectional study was performed among 3,346 Chinese adults (aged ≥ 40 years). Serum free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), and TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) were determined by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. A single-void first morning urine sample was obtained for urinary albumin-creatinine ratio measurement. The prevalence of microalbuminuria decreased according to FT3 quartiles (13.2, 9.5, 8.6, and 8.2%,Pfor trend = 0.0005). A fully adjusted logistic regression analysis showed that high FT3 levels were associated with low prevalent microalbuminuria. The adjusted odds ratios for microalbuminuria were 0.61 (95% CI, 0.43–0.87,P= 0.007) when comparing the highest with the lowest quartile of FT3. The exclusion of participants with abnormal FT3 did not appreciably change the results (OR = 0.69, 95% CI, 0.49–0.98,P= 0.02). We concluded that serum FT3 levels, even within the normal range, were inversely associated with microalbuminuria in middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults. FT3 concentrations might play a role in the pathogenesis of microalbuminuria.
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Taroza, Saulius, Daiva Rastenytė, Aurelija Podlipskytė, Henrikas Kazlauskas, and Narseta Mickuvienė. "Nonthyroidal Illness Syndrome in Ischaemic Stroke Patients is Associated with Increased Mortality." Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes 128, no. 12 (June 3, 2019): 811–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0915-2015.
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Abstract Background Results of studies on associations between triiodothyronine serum levels and mortality after acute ischemic stroke (AIS) are inconsistent. Therefore, the aim of this prospective study was to evaluate links between serum levels of thyroid axis associated hormones and all-cause mortality during 1 year after AIS. Methods and results This study involved 255 patients with AIS. Patients were divided into two groups: those who survived 1 year after their index stroke and those who not, and by quartiles of free triiodothyronine (FT3) and ΔFT3 (difference between basal FT3 and repeated FT3 on discharge) hormone serum concentrations. To assess serum levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), FT3 and free tetraiodothyronine (FT4), venous blood was taken from all included patients on admission to hospital. On discharge, blood tests were repeated for 178 (69.8%) patients. Study endpoints were overall mortality within 30, 90 and 365 days after AIS. Results Compared with the survivals, those who died had significantly lower mean FT3, FT3/FT4 ratio in all periods and lower median TSH within 30 days. Higher FT3 serum levels versus lower, even after adjustment for included important variables, remained significant for lower odds of death within 365 days after AIS (OR=0.57; 95% CI: 0.33–0.97, p=0.04), but added insignificant additional predictive value to the NIHSS score or age. Kaplan–Meier survival curves demonstrated that the first FT3 quartile was significantly associated with increased mortality compared with all other quartiles within 365 days after AIS. With ΔFT3 quartiles no such association was found. Conclusions. Higher FT3 levels on admission versus lower are significantly associated with lower mortality within 365 days after AIS. FT3 serum levels changes over time didn’t show any association with mortality within first year.
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He, Chun, Huatang Deng, Jiawen Ba, Sheng Li, Zheyu Chen, Yixi Tao, Xinbin Duan, Shaoping Liu, Yun Li, and Daqing Chen. "Food Chain Length Associated with Environmental Factors Affected by Large Dam along the Yangtze River." Water 12, no. 11 (November 12, 2020): 3157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12113157.
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Food chain length (FCL) is a critical measure of food web complexity that influences the community structure and ecosystem function. The FCL of large subtropical rivers affected by dams and the decisive factors are far beyond clear. In this study, we used stable isotope technology to estimate the FCL of fish in different reaches of the main stream in the Yangtze River and explored the key factors that determined the FCL. The results showed that FCL varied widely among the studied areas with a mean of 4.09 (ranging from 3.69 to 4.31). The variation of FCL among river sections in the upstream of the dam was greater than that in the downstream. Regression analysis and model selection results revealed that the FCL had a significant positive correlation with ecosystem size as well as resource availability, and FCL variation was largely explained by ecosystem size, which represented 72% of the model weight. In summary, our results suggested that ecosystem size plays a key role in determining the FCL in large subtropical rivers and large ecosystems tend to have a longer food chain. Additionally, the construction of the Three Gorges Dam has been speculated to increase the FCL in the impoundment river sections.
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Huang, Wenxue, Yalin Zhan, Yunfei Zheng, Ye Han, Wenjie Hu, and Jianxia Hou. "Up-regulated ferritin in periodontitis promotes inflammatory cytokine expression in human periodontal ligament cells through transferrin receptor via ERK/P38 MAPK pathways." Clinical Science 133, no. 1 (January 2019): 135–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20180679.
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Abstract Objective: Ferritin, an iron-binding protein, is ubiquitous and highly conserved; it plays a crucial role in inflammation, which is the main symptom of periodontitis. Full-length cDNA library analyses have demonstrated abundant expression of ferritin in human periodontal ligament. The aims of the present study were to explore how ferritin is regulated by local inflammation, and to investigate its functions and mechanisms of action in the process of periodontitis. Methods: Human gingival tissues were collected from periodontitis patients and healthy individuals. Experimental periodontitis was induced by ligature of second molars in mice. The expression of ferritin light polypeptide (FTL) and ferritin heavy polypeptide (FTH) were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Meanwhile, after stimulating human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLCs) with P. gingivalis-lipopolysaccharide (LPS), interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), the expression of FTH and FTL were measured. Then, IL-6 and IL-8 were measured after incubation with different concentrations of apoferritin (iron-free ferritin) and several intracellular signaling pathway inhibitors, or after knockdown of the transferrin receptor. Results: Both FTH and FTL were substantially higher in inflamed periodontal tissues than in healthy tissues. The location of the elevated expression correlated well with the extent of inflammatory infiltration. Moreover, expression of FTH and FTL were enhanced after stimulation with P. gingivalis-LPS, IL-6, TNF-α. Apoferritin induced the production of IL-6 and IL-8 in a dose-dependent manner partly through binding to the transferrin receptor and activating ERK/P38 signaling pathways in HPDLCs. Conclusions: Ferritin is up-regulated by inflammation and exhibits cytokine-like activity in HPDLCs inducing a signaling cascade that promotes expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines associated with periodontitis.
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Zou, Shien, Qing Sang, Huan Wang, Ruizhi Feng, Qiaoli Li, Xinzhi Zhao, Qinghe Xing, Li Jin, Lin He, and Lei Wang. "Common genetic variation in CYP1B1 is associated with concentrations of T4, FT3 and FT4 in the sera of polycystic ovary syndrome patients." Molecular Biology Reports 40, no. 4 (January 3, 2013): 3315–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11033-012-2406-1.
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Shi, Rou, Chunwen Lin, Yaping Hong, Xiaoying Xia, Yingjian Chen, Shu Li, and Liangchang Xiu. "Free Triiodothyronine Is Independently Associated with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Hospitalized Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients." BioMed Research International 2021 (January 19, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8868339.
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Objective. Free triiodothyronine (FT3) is an independent risk factor for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with euthyroid. However, whether FT3 has an independent effect on NAFLD in a population of type 2 diabetes remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to identify the potential role of FT3 in NAFLD with T2DM. Design. A cross-sectional study. Patient. A total of 859 T2DM patients who met the inclusion criteria were included. There were 506 T2DM patients without NAFLD and 353 T2DM patients with NAFLD. Methods. The independent samples t -test or Wilcoxon rank sum test were used for continuous variables of different distribution types, while the chi-square test was used for categorical variables. Pearson correlation analysis and linear regression were used to analyze the correlation between FT3 and clinical measurements and biochemical indicators. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine independent predictors. Results. Patients with NAFLD had higher BMI, SBP, and DBP, longer duration of T2DM, and higher islet function index, blood glucose index, liver function index, renal function index, blood lipid index, and FT3. We also found that FT3 was affected by other five indicators, including ALT, CR, GGT, TC, and LDL-C only in the NAFLD group but not in the non-NAFLD group. FT3 was significantly associated with NAFLD in T2DM patients, and the prevalence of NAFLD increased gradually from the lowest FT3 tertile to the highest FT3 tertile ( P for trend < 0.001 ). Conclusion. FT3 is independently associated with NAFLD in hospitalized T2DM patients after rigorous adjustment for various metabolic parameters.
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Wu, Jingcheng, Xiaohua Li, Yang Tao, Yufei Wang, and Yongde Peng. "Free Triiodothyronine Levels Are Associated with Diabetic Nephropathy in Euthyroid Patients with Type 2 Diabetes." International Journal of Endocrinology 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/204893.
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Objective. To investigate the association of thyroid function and diabetic nephropathy (DN) in euthyroid patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods. A total of 421 patients were included in this cross-sectional study. The following parameters were assessed: anthropometric measurements, fast plasma glucose, serum creatinine, lipid profile, HbA1c, free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine, thyroid-stimulating hormone levels, and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR). Patients with UACR of ≥30 mg/g were defined as those suffering from DN.Results. Of the 421 patients, 203 (48.2%) suffered from DN, and no difference was found between males and females. The patients with DN yielded significantly lower FT3 levels than those without DN (P<0.01). The prevalence of DN showed a significantly decreasing trend across the three tertiles based on FT3 levels (59.6%, 46.4%, and 38.6%,P<0.01). After adjustment for gender and age, FT3 levels were found to correlate positively with estimated glomerular filtration rate (P=0.03) and negatively with UACR (P<0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that FT3 level was independently associated with UACR (β=-0.18,t=-3.70, andP<0.01).Conclusion. Serum FT3 levels are inversely associated with DN in euthyroid patients with type 2 diabetes, independent of traditional risk factors.
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Gruppen, Eke G., Jenny Kootstra-Ros, Anneke Muller Kobold, Margery A. Connelly, Daan Touw, Jens H. J. Bos, Eelko Hak, Thera P. Links, Stephan J. L. Bakker, and Robin P. F. Dullaart. "Cigarette smoking is associated with higher thyroid hormone and lower TSH levels: the PREVEND study." Endocrine 67, no. 3 (November 9, 2019): 613–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12020-019-02125-2.
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Abstract Purpose The extent to which smoking is associated with thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), and free triiodothyronine (FT3) when taking account of clinical variables including alcohol consumption is unclear. We aimed to determine associations of TSH, FT4, and FT3 levels with current smoking. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed in 5766 euthyroid participants (Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-Stage Disease cohort). Current smoking was determined by self-report, categorized as never, former, and current (≤20 and >20 cigarettes per day). Smoke exposure was determined by urinary cotinine. Results Current smoking of ≤20 and >20 cigarettes per day was associated with lower TSH and higher FT3 levels. FT4 levels were higher in subjects smoking <20 cigarettes per day vs. never and former smokers. Current smokers also consumed more alcohol. Multivariable linear regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, anti-TPO autoantibody positivity, alcohol consumption, and other variables demonstrated that lower TSH, higher FT4 and higher FT3 were associated with smoking ≤20 cigarettes per day vs. subjects who never smoked (P < 0.001, P = 0.018, and P < 0.001, respectively) without a further significant incremental effect of smoking >20 cigarettes per day. In agreement, TSH was inversely, whereas FT4 and FT3 levels were positively associated with urinary cotinine (P < 0.001 for each). In contrast, alcohol consumption >30 g per day conferred higher TSH and lower FT3 levels. Conclusions Cigarette smoking is associated with modestly higher FT4 and FT3, and lower TSH levels, partly opposing effects of alcohol consumption.
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Toktas, Hasan, Umit Dundar, Özge Yilmaz Kusbeci, Alper Murat Ulasli, Ozgur Toy, and Serdar Oruc. "FPL tendon thickness, tremor and hand functions in Parkinson’s disease." Open Medicine 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/med-2016-0004.
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AbstractIntroductionIn Parkinson’s disease (PD), a resting tremor of the thumb may affect the flexor pollicis longus (FPL) and influence hand functions. We investigated the relationship between FPL tendon thickness and hand function in PD patients and compared these characteristics with those in healthy controls.MethodsThe hand grip and pinch strengths were measured. The participants completed the Duruöz hand index, the Sollerman’s hand function test, and the Nine Hole Peg Test. The thickness of the FPL tendon was measured using ultrasonographyResultsThe FPL tendon was thicker in PD patients but was not associated with tremor severity. In PD patients, despite functional performance of the hands are impaired and grip strength is decreased, pinch strengths are preserved. FPL thickness was not correlated with grip and pinch strengths.ConclusionThe thicker FPL tendon may be associated with greater pinch and grip strengths and manual dexterity in healthy individuals. The presence of tremor is associated with a thicker FPL tendon.
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Prihanto, Junaidi Budi, Faridha Nurhayati, Endang Sri Wahjuni, Ryota Matsuyama, Miwako Tsunematsu, and Masayuki Kakehashi. "Health Literacy and Health Behavior: Associated Factors in Surabaya High School Students, Indonesia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 15 (July 30, 2021): 8111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18158111.
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(1) Background: The health behavior (HB) of adolescents develops in the school or family setting and plays an important role in their future health status. Health literacy (HL) has been identified as an important factor in modifying health behavior in addition to socioeconomic factors. health-promoting school (HPS) programs also have a significant role in providing students with the means of learning the importance of knowledge, behavior, and skills for a healthy lifestyle. (2) Method: This study aims to identify the association between HB, HL measured in comprehensive health literacy (CHL) and functional health literacy (FHL), HPS programs, and socioeconomic factors among high school students in Surabaya, Indonesia. A cross-sectional study was conducted, and 1066 students were evaluated as respondents. (3) Result: The results of multivariate analyses showed that following factors were associated with better health behavior: female, better academic performance, higher grade, higher father’s education, lower allowance, and better CHL and FHL. The strongest association for HB was gender. CHL was especially associated with handwashing, physical activity, and drug abuse. FHL was associated with smoking and drug abuse. The implementation of HPS programs did not reach an optimum level and only influenced physical activity. (4) Conclusion: The findings confirm that CHL and FHL have a significant association with several HBs. HB intervention in the HPS program is recommended to incorporate the CHL and FHL for a better health impact.
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Mieszkowski, Jan, Magdalena Kochanowicz, Małgorzata Żychowska, Andrzej Kochanowicz, Agata Grzybkowska, Katarzyna Anczykowska, Piotr Sawicki, Andzelika Borkowska, Bartłomiej Niespodzinski, and Jedrzej Antosiewicz. "Ferritin Genes Overexpression in PBMC and a Rise in Exercise Performance as an Adaptive Response to Ischaemic Preconditioning in Young Men." BioMed Research International 2019 (April 11, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9576876.
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Objectives. The proposal of this study was to evaluate the effect of acute and ten-day ischaemic preconditioning (IPC) training procedure on the Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT), the ferritin H (FTH), ferritin L (FTL), and transferrin receptor 1 (TFRC) mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and anaerobic performance.Method. 34 healthy men volunteers (aged 20.7 ± 1.22 years) participated in the study. The effects of bilateral upper limb IPC and sham controlled condition were assessed in two experimental protocols: (a) the influence of acute (one time) IPC based on an experimental crossover study design and (b) the influence of ten-day IPC training treatment based on a random group assignment. At the beginning and at the end of each experiment upper body WAnT was performed and blood samples were collected to assess gene expression via quantitative PCR (qPCR).Results. No significant effect of one-time ischaemic preconditioning procedure was observed on upper body WAnT performance. Ten-day IPC training significantly increased upper limbs relative mean power (from 5.29 ± 0.50 to 5.79 ± 0.70 (W/kg), p<0.05). One-time IPC caused significant decrease inFTH,FTL, andTFRCmRNA levels while 10 days of IPC resulted in significant increase ofFTHandFTLmRNA (from 2 ∧254.2 to 2 ∧1678.6 (p = 0.01) forFTHand 2 ∧81.5 to 2 ∧923 (p = 0.01) forFTL) and decrease inTFRCmRNA.Conclusions. Our findings suggest that ten-day IPC training intervention significantly affects upper limb relative peak power. The observed overexpression of FTH and FTL genes could be associated with adaptation response induced by prolonged IPC.
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Carboni, Lucia, Francesca Pischedda, Giovanni Piccoli, Mario Lauria, Laura Musazzi, Maurizio Popoli, Aleksander A. Mathé, and Enrico Domenici. "Depression-Associated Gene Negr1-Fgfr2 Pathway Is Altered by Antidepressant Treatment." Cells 9, no. 8 (July 31, 2020): 1818. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9081818.
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The Negr1 gene has been significantly associated with major depression in genetic studies. Negr1 encodes for a cell adhesion molecule cleaved by the protease Adam10, thus activating Fgfr2 and promoting neuronal spine plasticity. We investigated whether antidepressants modulate the expression of genes belonging to Negr1-Fgfr2 pathway in Flinders sensitive line (FSL) rats, in a corticosterone-treated mouse model of depression, and in mouse primary neurons. Negr1 and Adam10 were the genes mostly affected by antidepressant treatment, and in opposite directions. Negr1 was down-regulated by escitalopram in the hypothalamus of FSL rats, by fluoxetine in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of corticosterone-treated mice, and by nortriptyline in hippocampal primary neurons. Adam10 mRNA was increased by nortriptyline administration in the hypothalamus, by escitalopram in the hippocampus of FSL rats, and by fluoxetine in mouse dorsal dentate gyrus. Similarly, nortriptyline increased Adam10 expression in hippocampal cultures. Fgfr2 expression was increased by nortriptyline in the hypothalamus of FSL rats and in hippocampal neurons. Lsamp, another IgLON family protein, increased in mouse dentate gyrus after fluoxetine treatment. These findings suggest that Negr1-Fgfr2 pathway plays a role in the modulation of synaptic plasticity induced by antidepressant treatment to promote therapeutic efficacy by rearranging connectivity in corticolimbic circuits impaired in depression.
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Rhee, Yoona, and Kyle J. Popovich. "Community-associated methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureusand HIV." Future Virology 9, no. 6 (June 2014): 531–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/fvl.14.31.
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Seedat, Riaz Y., Catharina E. Combrinck, and Felicity J. Burt. "HPV associated with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis." Future Virology 8, no. 5 (May 2013): 477–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/fvl.13.31.
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Reitz, Christiane. "Genetic loci associated with Alzheimer’s disease." Future Neurology 9, no. 2 (March 2014): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/fnl.14.1.
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Rohm, H., Doris Jaros, U. Fischer, and Susanne Lailach. "Foods Associated with Descriptive Texture Terms." LWT - Food Science and Technology 27, no. 5 (October 1994): 406–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/fstl.1994.1086.
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B. H., Muruli, Bhavya G., and Chaitra K. M. "A study to evaluate serum free triiodothyronine levels as a predictive indicator of outcome in critically ill children." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 5, no. 3 (April 20, 2018): 883. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20181507.
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Background: Critical illness is a life-threatening multisystem process requiring support of failing vital organ systems without which survival would not be possible. Euthyroid sick syndrome is one of the commonly seen endocrine changes in critically ill patients and is considered to be associated with adverse outcome in ICU patients. Objective of this study was to assess free triiodothyronine (FT3) in critically ill children and to associate it to the disease severity and clinical outcome in comparison to PRISM score.Methods: This was an observational study conducted on 120 critically ill children aged between 1month and 18 years admitted in PICU of a tertiary care hospital. All children who met inclusion and exclusion criteria were subjected to initial evaluation, PRISM III scoring and also FT3 levels was estimated twice in the critically ill patients.Results: In present study, out of 120 subjects studied, 34 succumbed and 86 survived. Low FT3 was seen in 90 (75.00%) children. The mean level of FT3 was significantly lower at admission and discharge in non-survivors than in survivors (P<0.01) and also Compared with survivors, non-survivors had higher PRISM III scores (26.65±9.64vs 15.21±7.38, P<0.001). In survivors there was a significant improvement in the mean levels FT3 from admission to discharge (P<0.01) Where as in non-survivors there was a further decrease in the mean levels of FT3 however it was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Serum FT3 at discharge is a good predictor of mortality with AUC of 0.9175±0.0620.Conclusions: FT3 is good independent predictor of ICU mortality.
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Song, Yuanbin, Jiabei Li, Shizhu Bian, Zhexue Qin, Yaoming Song, Jun Jin, Xiaohui Zhao, Mingbao Song, Jianfei Chen, and Lan Huang. "Association between Low Free Triiodothyronine Levels and Poor Prognosis in Patients with Acute ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction." BioMed Research International 2018 (2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9803851.
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Background. Low free triiodothyronine (fT3) levels are generally associated with poor prognosis in patients with heart diseases, but this is controversial and there is a lack of data about ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in Chinese patients. Objective. To assess the association between fT3 levels and the prognosis of patients with STEMI. Methods. This was a prospective observational study of 699 consecutive patients with STEMI treated at the Xinqiao Hospital between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2014. The patients were divided into the low fT3 (fT3 < 3.1 pmol/L; n=179, 27.5%) and normal fT3 (fT3 ≥ 3.1 pmol/L; n=473, 72.5%) groups according to fT3 levels at admission. Patients were followed up at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months for all-cause death and major adverse cardiac events (MACE). Results. During the 1-year follow-up, there were 70 all-cause deaths (39.1%) in the low fT3 group and 40 (8.5%) in the normal fT3 group (P<0.001). MACE occurred in 105 patients (58.7%) in the low fT3 group and 74 (15.6%) in the normal fT3 group (P<0.001). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis indicated that fT3 levels were independently associated with 30-day and 1-year all-cause death [30-day: hazard ratio (HR) = 0.702, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.501–0.983, P=0.04; 1-year: HR = 0.557, 95% CI: 0.411–0.755, P<0.001] and MACE (30-day: HR = 0.719, 95% CI: 0.528–0.979, P=0.036; 1-year: HR = 0.557, 95% CI: 0.445–0.698, P<0.001). Conclusion. Low fT3 levels were strongly associated with poor prognosis in patients with STEMI. Measurement of fT3 levels may be a valuable and simple way to identify high-risk STEMI patients.
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Lameijer, Annel, Marion J. Fokkert, Mireille A. Edens, Reinold O. B. Gans, Henk J. G. Bilo, and Peter R. van Dijk. "Two-year use of flash glucose monitoring is associated with sustained improvement of glycemic control and quality of life (FLARE-NL-6)." BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care 9, no. 1 (September 2021): e002124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2021-002124.
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IntroductionThe FreeStyle Libre (FSL) is a flash glucose monitoring (FGM) system. The Flash Monitor Register in the Netherlands (FLARE-NL-4) study previously demonstrated the positive effects of FSL-FGM use during 1 year on glycemic control, quality of life and disease burden among persons with diabetes mellitus (DM). The present follow-up study assesses the effects of FSL-FGM after 2 years.Research design and methodsPatients included in the FLARE-NL-4 study who continued FSL-FGM during the 1-year study period were invited to participate (n=687). Data were collected using questionnaires (the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey version 2 (SF-12v2) and the EuroQol 5-Dimension 3-Level (EQ-5D-3L) for quality of life), including self-reported hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c).ResultsA total of 342 patients agreed to participate: mean age 48.0 (±15.6) years, 52% men and 79.5% with type 1 DM. HbA1c decreased from 60.7 (95% CI 59.1 to 62.3) mmol/mol before use of FSL-FGM to 57.3 (95% CI 55.8 to 58.8) mmol/mol after 1 year and 57.8 (95% CI 56.0 to 59.5) mmol/mol after 2 years. At the end of the 2-year follow-up period, 260 (76%) persons were still using the FSL-FGM and 82 (24%) had stopped. The main reason for stopping FSL-FGM was financial constraints (55%). Concerning the whole 2-year period, there was a significant decrease in HbA1c among persons who continued use of FSL-FGM (−3.5 mmol/mol, 95% CI −6.4 to –0.7), while HbA1c was unaltered compared with baseline among persons who stopped FSL-FGM (−2.4 mmol/mol, 95% CI −7.5 to 2.7): difference between groups 2.2 (95% CI −1.3 to 5.8) mmol/mol. After 2 years, persons who continued use of FSL-FGM had higher SF-12 mental component score and higher EQ-5D Dutch tariff score and felt less often anxious or depressed compared with persons who discontinued FSL-FGM.ConclusionsAlthough the considerable number of non-responders limits generalizability, this study suggests that persons who continue to use FSL-FGM for 2 years may experience sustained improvement in glycemic control and quality of life.
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Benson, Leslie A., Hojun Li, Lauren A. Henderson, Isaac H. Solomon, Ariane Soldatos, Jennifer Murphy, Bibiana Bielekova, et al. "Pediatric CNS-isolated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis." Neurology - Neuroimmunology Neuroinflammation 6, no. 3 (April 8, 2019): e560. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/nxi.0000000000000560.
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ObjectiveTo highlight a novel, treatable syndrome, we report 4 patients with CNS-isolated inflammation associated with familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL) gene mutations (CNS-FHL).MethodsRetrospective chart review.ResultsPatients with CNS-FHL are characterized by chronic inflammation restricted to the CNS that is not attributable to any previously described neuroinflammatory etiology and have germline mutations in known FHL-associated genes with no signs of systemic inflammation. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) can be well tolerated and effective in achieving or maintaining disease remission in patients with CNS-FHL.ConclusionsEarly and accurate diagnosis followed by treatment with HCT can reduce morbidity and mortality in CNS-FHL, a novel, treatable syndrome.Classification of evidenceThis study provides Class IV evidence that HCT is well tolerated and effective in treating CNS-FHL.
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Zhang, Yao, Kai Sun, Lan Yu, Zhirong Tang, Shaobiao Huang, Zhihao Meng, Yuanjia Zheng, et al. "Factors associated with survival among adults with HIV-associated TB in Guangxi, China: a retrospective cohort study." Future Virology 7, no. 9 (September 2012): 933–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/fvl.12.76.
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McDowell, John V., Justin Lankford, Lola Stamm, Tania Sadlon, David L. Gordon, and Richard T. Marconi. "Demonstration of Factor H-Like Protein 1 Binding to Treponema denticola, a Pathogen Associated with Periodontal Disease in Humans." Infection and Immunity 73, no. 11 (November 2005): 7126–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.73.11.7126-7132.2005.
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ABSTRACT Treponema denticola is an important contributor to periodontal disease. In this study we investigated the ability of T. denticola to bind the complement regulatory proteins factor H and factor H-like protein 1 (FHL-1). The binding of these proteins has been demonstrated to facilitate evasion of the alternative complement cascade and/or to play a role in adherence and invasion. Here we demonstrate that T. denticola specifically binds FHL-1 via a 14-kDa, surface-exposed protein that we designated FhbB. Consistent with its FHL-1 binding specificity, FhbB binds only to factor H recombinant fragments spanning short consensus repeats (SCRs) 1 to 7 (H7 construct) and not to SCR constructs spanning SCRs 8 to 15 and 16 to 20. Binding of H7 to FhbB was inhibited by heparin. The specific involvement of SCR 7 in the interaction was demonstrated using an H7 mutant (H7AB) in which specific charged residues in SCR 7 were replaced by alanine. This construct lost FhbB binding ability. Analyses of the ability of FHL-1 bound to the surface of T. denticola to serve as a cofactor for factor I-mediated cleavage of C3b revealed that C3b is cleaved in an FHL-1/factor I-independent manner, perhaps by an unidentified protease. Based on the data presented here, we hypothesize that the primary function of FHL-1 binding by T. denticola might be to facilitate adherence to FHL-1 present on anchorage-dependent cells and in the extracellular matrix.
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Nie, Xiaomin, Yiting Xu, Yun Shen, Yufei Wang, Xiaojing Ma, and Yuqian Bao. "Suppressing Effect of Free Triiodothyronine on the Negative Association between Body Mass Index and Serum Osteocalcin Levels in Euthyroid Population." International Journal of Endocrinology 2021 (February 5, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6624516.
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Previous studies found that thyroid hormones stimulate osteoblast-like cells to secrete osteocalcin. We aimed to investigate the association between serum thyroid hormone and serum osteocalcin in euthyroid population. The study recruited 1152 community-based euthyroid subjects (average age 59 ± 8 years), among whom 677 were women. Serum free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and osteocalcin were measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassays. After adjusting for age and gender, partial correlation analysis showed that FT3 and FT3/FT4 were both positively correlated with body mass index (BMI) and serum osteocalcin levels (all P < 0.05 ) and BMI was negatively correlated with serum osteocalcin levels P < 0.01 , while FT4 and TSH were not correlated with serum osteocalcin levels (all P > 0.05 ). Age, gender, blood pressure, thyroid hormones, and multiple metabolic risk factors were included in the ridge regression model. FT3 and FT3/FT4 were independently and positively associated with serum osteocalcin levels (all P < 0.05 ), while BMI was independently and negatively associated with serum osteocalcin levels P < 0.01 . The mediating effect model showed that FT3 and FT3/FT4 suppressed the negative association between BMI and serum osteocalcin levels, with suppressing effects of 6.41% and 10.39%, respectively. In euthyroid subjects, both FT3 and FT3/FT4 were positively associated with serum osteocalcin levels, and they further suppressed the negative association between BMI and serum osteocalcin levels.
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Lossos, Izidore S., and Ronald Levy. "Higher-grade transformation of follicle center lymphoma is associated with somatic mutation of the 5′ noncoding regulatory region of the BCL-6 gene." Blood 96, no. 2 (July 15, 2000): 635–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v96.2.635.014k37_635_639.
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Follicle center lymphoma (FCL) is an indolent low-grade B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) that frequently transforms to aggressive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Histologic transformation of FCL is commonly associated with accumulation of secondary genetic alterations. The BCL-6 gene is altered by chromosomal rearrangements and mutations clustering in its 5′ noncoding regulatory region in up to 70% of primary DLBCL, but in a significantly smaller subset of FCL. Previous studies have shown that both chromosomal rearrangements and mutations could deregulateBCL-6 expression. To evaluate the association between progressive accumulation of BCL-6 regulatory region mutations and the histologic transformation of FCL, we analyzed by extensive cloning and sequencing paired biopsy specimens obtained at the time of FCL diagnosis and transformation (6 patients) or FCL relapse (3 patients). In an additional patient, biopsy specimens obtained at the time of diagnosis, FCL relapse, and subsequent transformation to DLBCL were evaluated. The presence of identical mutations in the paired diagnosis and posttransformation DLBCL specimens confirmed the common clonal origin of both the pretransformation and the posttransformation lymphomas. No new mutations in the 5′ noncoding regulatory region of the BCL-6 gene were detected in any of the specimens evaluated at the time of FCL relapse. In contrast, 5 of the 7 transformed specimens contained new mutations not found in the paired original biopsy specimens obtained at the time of FCL diagnosis or relapse. The number of these new mutations ranged from 1 to 6 per specimen. Some of the new mutations tended to cluster in certain areas of the 5′ noncoding regulatory region of the BCL-6 gene. Our results show that transformation of FCL to DLBCL is associated with accumulation of new mutations in the 5′ noncoding regulatory region of the BCL-6 gene, that by deregulation of theBCL-6 gene expression may play a role in lymphoma transformation.
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Bassols, Judit, Anna Prats-Puig, Pilar Soriano-Rodríguez, María Mar García-González, Joanna Reid, María Martínez-Pascual, Fátima Mateos-Comerón, Francis de Zegher, Lourdes Ibáñez, and Abel López-Bermejo. "Lower Free Thyroxin Associates with a Less Favorable Metabolic Phenotype in Healthy Pregnant Women." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 96, no. 12 (December 1, 2011): 3717–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2011-1784.
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Context: A lower free T4 (fT4), within the euthyroid range, has been shown in adults to associate with an adverse metabolic phenotype. Thyroid physiology changes significantly during gestation and affects maternal and fetal well-being. Objective: The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that a lower serum fT4 in healthy euthyroid pregnant women is related to a less favorable metabolic phenotype and to fetal or placental weight. Design, Setting, Patients, and Outcome Measures: We examined associations of thyroid function tests (TSH and fT4) and the free T3 (fT3)-to-fT4 ratio (as a proxy of deiodinase activity) with a metabolic profile [preload and postload glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), high molecular-weight (HMW)-adiponectin, homeostasis model of assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and serum lipids] in 321 healthy pregnant women. All women were euthyroid and had negative anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies. None received thyroid hormone replacement. Blood tests were performed in women between 24 and 28 wk gestation. Placentas and newborns were weighed at birth. Results: Circulating TSH did not relate to metabolic parameters, but decreasing fT4 and increasing fT3-to-fT4 ratio associated with a less favorable metabolic phenotype, as judged by higher postload glucose, HbA1c, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and triglycerides, and by a lower HMW-adiponectinemia (all P ≤ 0.005). In multiple regression analyses, fT4 was independently associated with HbA1c (β = −0.135; P = 0.038), HMW-adiponectin (β = 0.218; P < 0.001), and placental weight (β = −0.185; P < 0.005), whereas the fT3-to-fT4 ratio was independently associated with maternal body mass index (β = 0.265; P < 0.001), HMW-adiponectinemia (β = −0.237; P < 0.002), HOMA-IR (β = 0.194; P = 0.014), and placental weight (β = 0.174; P = 0.020). Conclusion: In pregnant women without a history of thyroid dysfunction, lower concentrations of fT4 and a higher conversion of fT4 to fT3, as inferred by changes in the fT3-to-fT4 ratio, were found to be associated with a less favorable metabolic phenotype and with more placental growth.
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West, John A., and Blossom Damania. "Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus and innate immunity." Future Virology 5, no. 2 (March 2010): 185–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/fvl.10.5.
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Checinski, Anthony, Andrea Polito, Diane Friedman, Shidasp Siami, Djillali Annane, and Tarek Sharshar. "Sepsis-associated encephalopathy and its differential diagnosis." Future Neurology 5, no. 6 (November 2010): 901–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/fnl.10.62.
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Simioni, Samanta, Matthias Cavassini, Jean-Marie Annoni, Bernard Hirschel, and Renaud A. Du Pasquier. "HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders: a changing pattern." Future Neurology 6, no. 1 (January 2011): 81–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/fnl.10.76.
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Guo, Jianying, Yanyan Hong, Zhiyong Wang, and Yukun Li. "Prognostic Value of Thyroid Hormone FT3 in General Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit." BioMed Research International 2020 (July 13, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6329548.
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Low plasma triiodothyronine (T3) concentration indicates nonthyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS), which might be associated with a poor outcome in patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). This study evaluated the relationship between NTIS and prognostic indicators in patients admitted to the ICU and examined the fT3 cut-off points that could be associated with 28-day mortality. This prospective observational study included patients admitted to the ICU of The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University from February to November 2018. The baseline variables and the occurrence of low free T3 (FT3) were collected. The patients were divided into the NTIS (FT3<3.28) and non-NTIS groups. Among 305 patients, 118 (38.7%) were in the NTIS group. FT3 (P<0.001) and FT4 (P=0.001) were lower, while the 28-day mortality rate (P<0.001) and hospitalization expenses in ICU (P=0.001) were higher in the NTIS group. The univariable analyses identified NTIS, FT3, free thyroxine/FT3, APACHEII, sequential organ failure score, duration of mechanical ventilation, creatinine, oxygenation index, white blood cells, albumin, age, and brain natriuretic peptide as being associated with 28-day mortality (all P<0.05). The cut-off value of FT3 for 28-day mortality was 2.88 pmol/L. The 28-day mortality rate and hospitalization expenses in the ICU were higher in patients with NTIS. NTIS was independently associated with 28-day mortality.
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Lossos, Izidore S., and Ronald Levy. "Higher-grade transformation of follicle center lymphoma is associated with somatic mutation of the 5′ noncoding regulatory region of the BCL-6 gene." Blood 96, no. 2 (July 15, 2000): 635–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v96.2.635.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Follicle center lymphoma (FCL) is an indolent low-grade B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) that frequently transforms to aggressive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Histologic transformation of FCL is commonly associated with accumulation of secondary genetic alterations. The BCL-6 gene is altered by chromosomal rearrangements and mutations clustering in its 5′ noncoding regulatory region in up to 70% of primary DLBCL, but in a significantly smaller subset of FCL. Previous studies have shown that both chromosomal rearrangements and mutations could deregulateBCL-6 expression. To evaluate the association between progressive accumulation of BCL-6 regulatory region mutations and the histologic transformation of FCL, we analyzed by extensive cloning and sequencing paired biopsy specimens obtained at the time of FCL diagnosis and transformation (6 patients) or FCL relapse (3 patients). In an additional patient, biopsy specimens obtained at the time of diagnosis, FCL relapse, and subsequent transformation to DLBCL were evaluated. The presence of identical mutations in the paired diagnosis and posttransformation DLBCL specimens confirmed the common clonal origin of both the pretransformation and the posttransformation lymphomas. No new mutations in the 5′ noncoding regulatory region of the BCL-6 gene were detected in any of the specimens evaluated at the time of FCL relapse. In contrast, 5 of the 7 transformed specimens contained new mutations not found in the paired original biopsy specimens obtained at the time of FCL diagnosis or relapse. The number of these new mutations ranged from 1 to 6 per specimen. Some of the new mutations tended to cluster in certain areas of the 5′ noncoding regulatory region of the BCL-6 gene. Our results show that transformation of FCL to DLBCL is associated with accumulation of new mutations in the 5′ noncoding regulatory region of the BCL-6 gene, that by deregulation of theBCL-6 gene expression may play a role in lymphoma transformation.
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Andersen, Stine Linding, Louise Knøsgaard, Aase Handberg, Peter Vestergaard, and Stig Andersen. "Maternal adiposity, smoking, and thyroid function in early pregnancy." Endocrine Connections 10, no. 9 (September 1, 2021): 1125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/ec-21-0376.
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Objective A high activity of the deiodinase type 2 has been proposed in overweight, obese, and smoking pregnant women as reflected by a high triiodothyronine (T3)/thyroxine (T4) ratio. We speculated how maternal adiposity and smoking would associate with different thyroid function tests in the early pregnancy. Design Cross-sectional study within the North Denmark Region Pregnancy Cohort. Methods Maternal thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), total T4 (TT4), total T3 (TT3), free T4 (fT4), and free T3 (fT3) were measured in stored blood samples (median gestational week 10) by an automatic immunoassay. Results were linked to nationwide registers, and live-birth pregnancies were included. The associations between maternal adiposity (overweight or obese), smoking, and log-transformed TSH, fT3/fT4 ratio, and TT3/TT4 ratio were assessed using multivariate linear regression and reported as adjusted exponentiated β coefficient (aβ) with 95% CI. The adjusted model included maternal age, parity, origin, week of blood sampling, and diabetes. Results Altogether 5529 pregnant women were included, and 40% were classified with adiposity, whereas 10% were smoking. Maternal adiposity was associated with higher TSH (aβ 1.13 (95% CI 1.08–1.20)), whereas maternal smoking was associated with lower TSH in the early pregnancy (0.875 (0.806–0.950)). Considering the T3/T4 ratio, both maternal adiposity (fT3/fT4 ratio: 1.06 (1.05–1.07); TT3/TT4 ratio: 1.07 (1.06–1.08)) and smoking (fT3/fT4 ratio: 1.07 (1.06–1.09); TT3/TT4 ratio: 1.10 (1.09–1.12)) were associated with a higher ratio. Conclusions In a large cohort of Danish pregnant women, adiposity and smoking showed opposite associations with maternal TSH. On the other hand, both conditions were associated with a higher T3/T4 ratio in early pregnancy, which may reflect altered deiodinase activity.
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Sumegi, Janos, Michael G. Barnes, Shawnagay V. Nestheide, Susan Molleran-Lee, Joyce Villanueva, Kejian Zhang, Kimberly A. Risma, Alexei A. Grom, and Alexandra H. Filipovich. "Gene expression profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from children with active hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis." Blood 117, no. 15 (April 14, 2011): e151-e160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2010-08-300046.
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Abstract Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL) is a rare, genetically heterogeneous autosomal recessive immune disorder that results when the critical regulatory pathways that mediate immune defense mechanisms and the natural termination of immune/inflammatory responses are disrupted or overwhelmed. To advance the understanding of FHL, we performed gene expression profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 11 children with untreated FHL. Total RNA was isolated and gene expression levels were determined using microarray analysis. Comparisons between patients with FHL and normal pediatric controls (n = 30) identified 915 down-regulated and 550 up-regulated genes with more than or equal to 2.5-fold difference in expression (P ≤ .05). The expression of genes associated with natural killer cell functions, innate and adaptive immune responses, proapoptotic proteins, and B- and T-cell differentiation were down-regulated in patients with FHL. Genes associated with the canonical pathways of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10 IL-1, IL-8, TREM1, LXR/RXR activation, and PPAR signaling and genes encoding of antiapoptotic proteins were overexpressed in patients with FHL. This first study of genome-wide expression profiling in children with FHL demonstrates the complexity of gene expression patterns, which underlie the immunobiology of FHL.
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Van Brussel, Kate, Maura Carrai, Carrie Lin, Mark Kelman, Laura Setyo, Danielle Aberdein, Juliana Brailey, et al. "Distinct Lineages of Feline Parvovirus Associated with Epizootic Outbreaks in Australia, New Zealand and the United Arab Emirates." Viruses 11, no. 12 (December 13, 2019): 1155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11121155.
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Feline panleukopenia (FPL), a frequently fatal disease of cats, is caused by feline parvovirus (FPV) or canine parvovirus (CPV). We investigated simultaneous outbreaks of FPL between 2014 and 2018 in Australia, New Zealand and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) where FPL outbreaks had not been reported for several decades. Case data from 989 cats and clinical samples from additional 113 cats were obtained to determine the cause of the outbreaks and epidemiological factors involved. Most cats with FPL were shelter-housed, 9 to 10 weeks old at diagnosis, unvaccinated, had not completed a primary vaccination series or had received vaccinations noncompliant with current guidelines. Analysis of parvoviral VP2 sequence data confirmed that all FPL cases were caused by FPV and not CPV. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that each of these outbreaks was caused by a distinct FPV, with two virus lineages present in eastern Australia and virus movement between different geographical locations. Viruses from the UAE outbreak formed a lineage of unknown origin. FPV vaccine virus was detected in the New Zealand cases, highlighting the difficulty of distinguishing the co-incidental shedding of vaccine virus in vaccinated cats. Inadequate vaccination coverage in shelter-housed cats was a common factor in all outbreaks, likely precipitating the multiple re-emergence of infection events.
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Perrone, Frank, Mary F. Rice, Erin A. Anderson, and Sajjid Budhwani. "Fully online principal preparation: prevalence, institutional characteristics, geography." Journal of Educational Administration 58, no. 3 (March 16, 2020): 283–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jea-05-2019-0088.
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PurposePrincipal preparation program pedagogy and course delivery are critical to principal candidates' preparedness to lead. Research around online program delivery, however, is relatively sparse. This study examined the extent to which university-based educational leadership programs offered fully online (FOL) pathways to the principalship, as well as program geographic locations and institutional characteristics most associated with FOL offerings.Design/methodology/approachData were collected through website reviews and coding checks, and then merged with national postsecondary data. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, classification tree analysis, and geographic information system (GIS) mapping.FindingsRoughly 43 percent of all reviewed programs offered an FOL pathway to licensure, which suggests substantial growth in FOL offerings over the last 10 years. While a number of factors were deemed important, geographic characteristics were most associated with FOL status. GIS mapping further illustrated findings with a visual landscape of program FOL offerings.Research limitations/implicationsThis study considered only programs for which degrees or certificates could be earned without ever visiting campus in-person for classes. Hybrid programs were excluded from the analysis.Practical implicationsFindings make a clear call for more research into online principal preparation program design and course delivery.Originality/valueThis study provides the first overview of fully online university-based principal preparation programs in the United States while also offering a previously unavailable landscape of all programs specifically leading to licensure. It is also the only higher education study to map or investigate factors associated with FOL offerings and raises questions about prior FOL higher education research.