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Gota, Tatenda Innocent. "FTO supported Co3O4 thin film biosensor for detection of fructose." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2697.
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Thesis (Master of Engineering in Chemical Engineering)--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018.Electrochemical and non-enzymatic fructose detection has evoked keen interest in the scientific literature. Several authors have reported on different methods of electrode preparation for fructose sensors. However, little systematic study has been conducted to design a cheap, efficient method of depositing metal oxides to detect fructose. To address the challenge, a Co3O4 thin film was fabricated using a simple solution step deposition on Fluorine doped Tin oxide (FTO) glass electrode. In this study, a report on the selective oxidation of fructose on Co3O4 thin film electrode surface is presented. Electrode characterization was done using X-ray diffraction (XRD), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Atomic Fluorescence Microscopy (AFM), and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). All cyclic voltammetry (CVs) and chronoamperometry tests were carried out by the use of an AUTOLAB POTENTIOSTAT 302 N, controlled by Nova 2.0 software instrumentation using a customized 50 cm3 electrochemical cell. The cell consisted of a graphite rod as the counter electrode (CE), 3 M Ag/AgCl reference electrode (RE) and the fabricated Co3O4/FTO as the working electrode (WE). All experiments were carried out at 25±2 ⁰C. From the results, the constructed sensor exhibited two distinctive linear ranges in the ranges of 0.021 – 1.74 mM and from 1.74 - ~15 mM, covering a wide linear range of up to ~15 mM at an applied potential of +0.6V vs. Ag/AgCl in 0.1M NaOH solution. The sensor demonstrated a high, reproducible and repeatable sensitivity of 495 (lower concentration range) & 53 (higher concentration range) μA cm-2 mM-1 for a low R.S.D of 5 %. The Co3O4 thin film produced a low detection limit of ~1.7 μM for a signal to noise ratio of 3 (S/N = 3); a fast response time of 6s and long term stability. The repeatability and stability of the electrode resulted from the chemical stability of Co3O4 thin film. The study showed that the sensor was highly selective towards fructose compared to the presence of other key interferences i.e. AA, AC, and UA. Because of such a favourable electrocatalysis of the Co3O4 sensor towards fructose, the ease of the electrode fabrication and reproducibility makes it a future candidate for commercial applications in the food and beverages sector.
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Bajpai, Atish. "An Environmental Risk Management Framework for a Nordic Construction Firm." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-32692.
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Construction is one of the oldest of industries in the world, with the first establishedconstruction company being established around 230 BC. One of the biggest industries inEurope, at an estimated €900 billion a year, it also accounts for 40% of total energy consumption and 40% of total waste generation in the EU1 . Although the majority ofthese are from the use phase of the built environment, there is a lack of a comprehensiveenvironmental risk management system for the construction phase. This study proposesan environmental risk management framework based on the Beer-Ziolkowski model of risk management for both site specific and non-site specific construction operations witha stakeholder centric approach. It proposes stakeholder involvement to identify the risksaided with trend analysis of strategic regulatory implications from the concernedauthority - Norwegian Ministry of Local Government and Regional Development and thecurrent orgnisational practice of objective environmental risk identification from ISO14001 guidance. Scope of site specific and non-site specific risks are narrowed down tosite operational setup and construction materials respectively, consistent with theorganisations view of the most important risks from those two classes of risks. Riskassessment is suggested through Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) method for site specific risksand European Union System for the Evaluation of Substances (EUSES) for non-sitespecific risks. Total Cost Accounting (TCA) of project alternative evaluation isrecommended with a view to internalise the external costs. A two tiered integration ofrisk information in the buisess process is suggested – categorised risk reduction processat the level of projects and general good practice aided with risk information at the policylevel. Being a framework for management of environmental risk as opposed to a methodfor a specific environmental risk, the principles and suggestions are broadly scoped withcase studies for identification and analysis of risks.Through the practice of prudent engagement of stakeholders and scientific risk assessments, this framework would help the organisation enable safer operational practices in the context of environmental effects. In foresight this in turn will have rendered the host firm more competent in terms of making sustainable business decisions.Byggindustrin är en av de äldsta industrierna i världen. Det första företaget etabeleradesca 230 BC. Byggindustrin är även en av de största industrierna i Europa med €900miljarder i omsättning varje år, men ansvarar även för ungefar 40% av energiförbrukningen och 40% utav den totalla avfallsgeneringen i EU1. Trots att det mesta av dessa miljöfarliga aspekter kommer ifrån användningsphasen av den byggdamiljön, finns det en brist på omfattande hanteringssystem för miljörisker vid uppbyggnadsphasen. Denna studie föreslår en hanteringsmodell, baserad på Beer-Ziolkowski-modellen för riskhantering, som innehåller både byggplats baserade och icke byggplatsbaserade risker med en centrerad orientering vid just aktieägare samt andraberörda.Denna modell föreslår, att alla som skulle bli berörda vid förändring, engagerar sig för att identifiera risker med assistering utav strategisk vägledning hos den lämpliga förvaltningen - Kommunal- og regionaldepartementet samt med det närvarande organisationspraxisesn av indentifiering av de objektiva miljöriskerna med råd ifrån ISO140001. Omfattningarna av byggplats-beroende och icke byggplatsberoende riskkategorier fokuseras på layouten av byggplats och byggmaterial, enligt företagetsåsikt vilken av dessa två riskgrupper som är viktigast. Riskshantering föreslås med fel träanlys (FTA) metoden till byggplats beroende risker och European Union System for the Evaluation of Substances (EUSES) till icke byggplats beroende risker.Helkostnadsbokföring (TCA) för projektets olika alternativ rekommenderas som åtgärd för att inkludera de vanliga ytterliggande kostnaderna. En två spårig integration av risksbeskedet föreslås – katagoriserad riskminskning vid projektsnivå och vanliga goda affärsprincipier tillsammans med riskmedvetenhet på policy nivå.På grund av att modellen är en ram för riskhantering, som skilljer sig ifrån en metod fören särskild risk, granskas priciperna så som föreslaget med fallstudier för identifieringoch analys av risker.Genom att engagera aktieägare och andra intressenter men även natuvetenskaplig riskbedömning, ska denna modell hjälpa företaget till att möjligöra en säker bedrivningutav företagspraxisen i kombination med ett stärkt intresse utav miljöaspekter. I framtiden ska detta i sin tur ge företaget större kompetens när det gäller att planera och skapa en hållbar affärsplanering.
www.ima.kth.se
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MONTAGNON, FRANCE. "L'osteonecrose aseptique de hanche : au fil et film du temps ; a propos d'une serie de 30 observations." Saint-Etienne, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993STET6409.
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Bouré, Philippe. "Lubrification et usure du contact fil/outil en tréfilage humide." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ECDL0047.
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Durant ces dix dernières années, l'utilisation de fils à haute limite élastique et l'accroissement de la productivité ont conduit à des conditions extrêmes de pressions et de vitesses dans l'opération de tréfilage de fils d'acier laitonné. Dans ces conditions, la maîtrise de la lubrification et de l'usure du contact entre le produit et l'outil devient fondamentale dans l'optimisation du procédé. Cette étude s'intéresse à la génération d'un film interfacial avec les émulsions employées pour lubrifier le contact. Le comportement rhéologique et l'adhérence aux parois dans la zone d'entrée du contact gouvernent les conditions de formation du film lubrifiant pénétrant dans l'interface. L'étude du comportement du lubrifiant dans cette zone soumise à un régime de lubrification élastohydrodynamique est un paramètre clé pour la compréhension de la lubrification du contact. Les mesures expérimentales effectuées à l'aide d'un tribomètre élastohydrodynamique et complétées par des analyses chimiques montrent que la transformation de la structure des phases organisées des émulsions de tréfilage au cours de leur utilisation est une condition nécessaire à la formation d'un film lubrifiant. Les propriétés rhéologiques de ce film sont évaluées à l'aide d'un modèle développé à partir de l'analyse de l'alimentation du contact. L'hypothèse d'intéractions électriques entre les particules lubrifiantes et les surfaces métalliques est avancée pour expliquer les conditions d'adhérence ou de glissement du film à la paroi des solides en contact. Enfin, Les mécanismes de formation du film lubrifiant et les phénomènes conduisant à sa rupture sont reliés au processus réel de tréfilage et en particulier à l'usure des filières, étudiée à l'aide d'essais in situ sur machine de tréfilage instrumentée. Cette étude montre que l'interaction entre les transferts sur la surface des outils et le lubrifiant est un paramètre clé dans la lubrification du contact et la réduction de l'usure. Une approche mécanique globale est développée et montre que le régime de lubrification évolue d'un régime plastohydrodynamique à un régime limite lorsque les conditions de contact sont plus sévères, dans les dernières passes du procédé. Enfin, à partir de ces diverses observations, des hypothèses sur les mécanismes d'usure des filières sont avancéesFor the past ten years, the use of high tensile steel and the productivity requirements have les respectively to an increase in pressure and speeds in the drawing process of steelcord. The control of both lubrication and wear of the wire/die contact is a key point for the process optimisation. This study deals with built-up of the interfacial lubricating film in this high pressure contact lubricated with an emulsion. The rheological behaviour and the wetting properties of the lubricant in the inlet zone of the wire/die contact are important parameters. The inlet zone, where the lubrication regime is elastohydrodynamic, governs the formation of the lubricating film and the lubricant supply of the contact. The knowledge of the lubricant behaviour in this inlet zone is crucial to understand the lubrication in the drawing process of steelcord. This has been experimentally investigated with an EHL tribometer and chemical analyses of the lubricant film. It has been shown that a change in the physical structure of the lubricant due to ageing is a necessary condition to build-up a lubricant film. A model based on the analysis of the starvation process has been developed to evaluate the rheaological properties of the lubricant film formed on the contacting bodies. The adherence and slippage at the wall of the lubricating film is explained by electrical interactions between the metallic surfaces and lubricant particles. Both formation and breakage of the lubricating film are connected with the industrial process. The wear of the drawing die is studied in details with an instrumented drawing machine especially developed for this purpose. This study demonstrates that the interactions between the transfert layers observed on the surface of the drawing dies and the lubrication process. In the first step of the process, the lubrication regime appears to be essentially plastohydrodynamic. As the running conditions become more and more severe in the last steps of the process, a boundary regime is reached. Finally, hypothesis based on the different observations pointed out in this study are proposed to explain the wear mechanisms
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Odoardi, Paolo <1980>. "Testo e memoria tra semiotica e scienze cognitive: una situazione sperimentale intorno al ricordo di un film." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2074/.
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The research project presented in this dissertation is about text and memory. The title of the work is "Text and memory between Semiotics and Cognitive Science: an experimental setting about remembering a movie". The object of the research is the relationship between texts or "textuality" - using a more general semiotic term - and memory. The goal is to analyze the link between those semiotic artifacts that a culture defines as autonomous
meaningful objects - namely texts - and the cognitive performance of memory that allows to remember them. An active dialogue between Semiotics and Cognitive Science is the theoretical paradigm in which this research is set, the major intend is to establish a productive alignment between the "theory of text" developed in Semiotics and the "theory of memory" outlined in Cognitive Science. In particular the research is an attempt to study how human subjects remember and/or misremember a film, as a specific case study; in semiotics, films are “cinematographic texts”. The research is based on the production of a corpus of data gained through the qualitative method of interviewing. After an initial screening of a fulllength feature film each participant of the experiment has been interviewed twice, according to a pre-established set of questions. The first interview immediately after the screening: the subsequent, follow-up interview three months from screening. The purpose of this design is to elicit two types of recall from the participants. In order to conduce a comparative inquiry, three films have been used in the experimental setting. Each film has been watched by thirteen subjects, that have been interviewed twice. The corpus of data is then made by seventy-eight interviews. The present dissertation displays the results of the investigation of these interviews. It is divided into six main parts. Chapter one presents a theoretical framework about the two main issues: memory and text. The issue of the memory is introduced through many recherches drown up in the field of Cognitive Science and Neuroscience. It is developed, at the same time, a possible relationship with a semiotic approach. The theoretical debate about textuality, characterizing the field of Semiotics, is examined in the same chapter. Chapter two deals with methodology, showing the process of definition of the whole method used for production of the corpus of data. The interview is explored in detail: how it is born, what are the expected results, what are the main underlying hypothesis. In Chapter three the investigation of the answers given by the spectators starts. It is examined the phenomenon of the outstanding details of the process of remembering, trying to define them in a semiotic way. Moreover there is an investigation of the most remembered scenes in the movie. Chapter four considers how the spectators deal with the whole narrative. At the same time it is examined what they think about the global meaning of the film. Chapter five is about affects. It tries to define the role of emotions in the process of comprehension and remembering. Chapter six presents a study of how the spectators account for a single scene of the movie. The complete work offers a broad perspective about the semiotic issue of textuality, using both a semiotic competence and a cognitive one. At the same time it presents
a new outlook on the issue of memory, opening several direction of research.
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McIntosh, David. "Nation, nation-state, national cinema and free trade, shifting Canadian and Mexican film cultures since 1989 under FTA and NAFTA." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0001/MQ43392.pdf.
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JÃnior, Paulo Herbert FranÃa Maia. "Obtaining a thin film of FTO by spray-pyrolysis technique and sol-gel method for use in organic solar cells." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=14347.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgicoThe growing interest in the use of new materials and their applications for photovoltaic systems has been a constant concern of the scientific community in recent years. This work is primarily engaged in the collection, characterization and photoactivity testing photovoltaic solar cells made of thin SnO2 doped fluoride films, the films were deposited by the technique of "spray-pyrolysis" and the Sol-Gel method in substrate glass. In glasses microscopy work with dimensions of 2.5 x 7.5 x 1 mm are used as matrices for the conductive substrates or transparent conductive oxides (TCO). These glasses have electrical resistance and transmittance adequate for the manufacture of photoelectrochemical solar cells activated by dyes. Besides making the glasses must be made conductive depositing a layer of titanium oxide, preparation of electrolyte, dye, assembly and characterization of the cells. The conductive substrate has a film of tin dioxide doped with fluorine (SnO2: F), the deposition is made with the aid of a compressor and a spray gun on the glass at a temperature of 600Â C from a solution made by the method Sol- gel (MSG). As characterization techniques were used: x-ray diffraction (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), UV-Vis and Van der Pauw method. The conductive glass has transmittance of 80% (400 nm - 800 nm). The cell with mesoporphyrin dye has Vac = 0.34V and Icc ~ 150μA. The experimental results obtained from these cells may contribute to the development of prototypes that can be used commercially in the capture of solar energy and its consequent transformation into electricity.
O crescente interesse no uso de novos materiais e suas aplicaÃÃes, para sistemas fotovoltaicos tem sido uma constante preocupaÃÃo da comunidade cientifica nos Ãltimos anos. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo principal a obtenÃÃo, caracterizaÃÃo e testes de fotoatividade de cÃlulas solares fotovoltaicas constituÃdas de filmes finos de SnO2 dopados com flÃor, os filmes foram depositados pela tÃcnica de âspray-pirÃliseâ e pelo mÃtodo Sol-Gel em substrato de vidro. Neste trabalho vidros de microscopia com dimensÃo de 2,5 x 7,5 cm x 1 mm, sÃo usados como matrizes para os substratos condutores ou Ãxidos condutores transparentes (OCTâs). Estes vidros possuem resistÃncia elÃtrica e transmitÃncia adequadas para confecÃÃo de cÃlulas solares fotoeletroquÃmicas ativadas por corantes. AlÃm de tornar os vidros condutores deve ser feita a deposiÃÃo de uma camada de Ãxido de titÃnio, preparaÃÃo de eletrÃlito, corante, montagem e caracterizaÃÃo das cÃlulas. O substrato condutor possui um filme de diÃxido de estanho dopado com flÃor (SnO2:F), a deposiÃÃo à feita com o auxilio de um compressor e uma pistola aerogrÃfica sobre o vidro à temperatura de 600ÂC a partir de uma soluÃÃo feita pelo mÃtodo Sol-Gel (MSG). Como tÃcnicas de caracterizaÃÃo foram usadas: difraÃÃo de raios-x (EDX), microscopia eletrÃnica de varredura (MEV), espectroscopia de energia dispersiva (EDS), Uv-Vis e mÃtodo de Van der Pauw. O vidro condutor apresenta transmitÃncia 80% (400 nm â 800 nm ). A cÃlula com corante mesoporfirina apresenta Vca = 0,34 V e Icc ~ 150μA. Os resultados experimentais obtidos dessas cÃlulas poderÃo contribuir para o desenvolvimento de protÃtipos que possam ser utilizados comercialmente na captaÃÃo de energia solar e sua conseqÃente transformaÃÃo em energia elÃtrica.
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Fauré, Philippe. "Le fil rompu du temps : une lecture de Nostalghia d'Andreï Tarkovski." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20067.
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Proposer une lecture de Nostalghia à travers une analyse exhaustive, éclairer sa structure, son écriture et ses moyens dans leurs rapports aux réseaux de significations qu’ils véhiculent, dans leurs potentialités à susciter notre sensibilité, tel est le but de ce mémoire. Car la structure d’un film, à tous ses niveaux, est une succession de discontinuités dont la réception est une tresse continue de conscience et d’inconscience. En ce sens, le film est un édifice d’images, de sons, de signes, « réalité figée » qui n’engendre pas une, mais de multiples réceptions sans pour autant invalider le projet du créateur. Le langage d’Andreï Tarkovski est celui de la vérité, nous offrant tout d’abord une extraordinaire puissance du sensible qui puisse susciter une transcendance. Aucune des ressources ici mises en œuvre n’est anodine. Nostalghia, est une réalité organique, un agencement d’images, de sons, autant de fragments de temps et de mémoire, tissés entre eux. Leur plasticité s’impose avant de nous proposer une signification : la sensation au-delà du message, éprouver plutôt que prouverThrough an exhaustive analysis, this dissertation aims to offer a reading of the film Nostalghia, to elucidate its structure, its writing and its cinematographic means, through their potentialities to awaken our sensitivity. Indeed, the structure of the film, on all levels, is a succession of discontinuities whose reception is a continuous interweaving of consciousness and unconsciousness. In that sense, the film is an edifice of images, of sounds and of signs, a "fixed reality" that is not generating just a single reception, but a multiplicity of receptions, without ever invalidating the project of the author. Andreï Tarkovski’s language is one of truth; it offers us primarily an extraordinarily powerful sensorial dimension that is capable of arousing transcendence. None of the resources used in this work is anodyne. Nostalghia is an organic reality, a layout of images and sounds, operating as fragments of time and memory woven together. Their plasticity is what strikes us first, before proposing a signification: it is about the sensation beyond the message; it is about experiencing before proving
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DE, LEONARDIS MARIA CHIARA. "FRA CREATIVITA' E INDUSTRIA: STRUTTURE NARRATIVE E COINVOLGIMENTO DELLO SPETTATORE NEI FILM PRODOTTI DA PIXAR ANIMATION STUDIOS." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/253.
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Fra tutti i sistemi possibili per creare cinema, cioè per generare e riprodurre immagini percepite in movimento dall'occhio umano che le osserva, ve n'è uno che più di ogni altro ha offerto terreno alle avanguardie sperimentali, alla ricerca tecnologica e all'indagine estetica: si tratta del cinema d'animazione che crea il suo movimento ex nihilo. L'utilizzo della computer animation con le sue molteplici applicazioni ha fatto nascere un vero e proprio linguaggio digitale di estrema ricercatezza tecnologica, capace di raccontare storie dal grande impatto emotivo. In questo scenario la Pixar Animation Studios si colloca come una casa di produzione cinematografica, che, in pochi anni, ha saputo dare una spinta considerevole al cinema d'animazione in 3D, accogliendo con successo la sfida lanciata dalle nuove tecnologie, sempre considerate a servizio della storia e attirando l'attenzione di un colosso mondiale come la Disney. Nel solco tracciato da Disney, i creatori di casa Pixar, si mostrano attenti a mettere la tecnologia a servizio di storie che oltre a risultare divertenti e in grado di intrattenere grandi e piccini con meccanismi comici elementari e con raffinate citazioni cinematografiche, sono capaci di ribadire con efficacia verità semplici e profonde in sintonia con i valori autentici dell'essere umano.There are a lot of systems to create cinema, to generate and reproduce images perceived in motion from the human eye, but there is one that more than every other offer something new to the experimental vanguards, to the technological and aesthetic research: the animation, the cinema that creates its movement ex nihilo. A digital language of extreme technological refinement, able to tell stories of great emotional impact, is borne from the use of computer animation with its multiple applications. In this situation, the Pixar Animation Studios is placed like a house of cinematographic production, that, in few years, has given a considerable pushed to 3D animation, using the new technologies, always considered story driven and attracting the attention of a world-wide colossus like the Disney. Behind the Disney tradition, the creators of Pixar are alert to put the technology in history service. The history results amusing and able to entertain adults and children with elementary comic mechanisms and with refined cinematographic citations. The Pixar histories are able to confirm in a simple and deep way the truth that is in agreement with the authentic values of the human being.
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Zhang, Xueying. "Le mouvement des parois des domaines magnétiques dans le fil de CoFeB induit par le courant polarisé." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS104/document.
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Cette thèse est consacrée aux recherches des propriétés statiques et dynamiques des parois de domaines magnétiques (DW pour Domain Wall) dans les nanofils CoFeB. Un système de mesure basé sur un microscope Kerr à haute résolution a été mis en place et utilisé pour ces recherches.Tout d'abord, les phénomènes liés à la tension interfaciale des parois ont été étudiés. La contraction spontanée des bulles de domaine a été observée directement en utilisant le microscope Kerr. Ce phénomène a été expliqué en utilisant le concept de la pression de Laplace due à l'énergie interfaciale des parois. L'énergie interfaciale des parois a été quantifiée en mesurant le champ externe nécessaire pour stabiliser ces bulles. Le mécanisme de la piégeage et de la dépiégeage des parois dans certaines géométries artificielles, comme la croix de Hall ou l'entrée reliant un carré de nucléation et un fil, a été expliqué en utilisant le concept de tension interfaciale des parois et a été utilisé pour extraire l'énergie interfaciale des parois. Bénéficiant de ces études, une méthode permettant de quantifier directement le coefficient des Interactions de Dzyaloshinskii- Moriya (DMI pour Dzyaloshinskii- Moriya Interaction) à l'aide du microscope Kerr a été proposée. En outre, un nouveau type de capteur magnétique basé sur l'expansion réversible de paroi en raison de la tension interfaciale a été proposé et vérifié en utilisant des simulations micromagnétiques.Deuxièmement, les propriétés dynamiques des parois dans le film et les fils Ta / CoFeB / MgO ont été étudiées. La vitesse du propagation des parois induite par le champ magnétique ou par l'effet combiné des impulsions de champ magnétique synchronisées et des impulsions de courant électrique a été mesurée. En régime précessionne, la vitesse du mouvement DW induite par l'effet combiné du champ et du courant est égale à la superposition des vitesses entraînées par le champ ou le courant indépendamment. Ce résultat nous a permis d'extraire la polarisation de spin de CoFeB dans cette structure. Les effets de piégeage du mouvement des parois dans les fils étroits ont été étudiés. Des champs de dépiégeage associés aux gros défauts pour le mouvement des parois induit par champ dans les nanofils a été mesurée. Il a été constaté que les effets de piégeage deviennent plus sévères lorsque la largeur w des fils diminue. Une relation linéaire entre le champ de piégeage et 1/w a été trouvée. L'origine de ces sites d'ancrage durs ainsi que leurs influences sur la vitesse de mouvement des parois ont été discutées. En outre, il a été constaté que l'effet d'épinglage était amélioré lorsque le courant était appliqué, quelle que soit la direction relative entre le mouvement des parois et le courant. Cet accroissement pourrait être expliqué par l'effet du courant de Hall de spin de la sous-couche (Ta). Bien qu'il n'y ait pas eu de DMI ou de champ planaire, le courant de Hall de spin, polarisé dans la direction transversale, peut exercer un couple sur la parois de type de Bloch, une fois que la paroi s'éloigne de la direction transversale.Enfin, un dispositif mémoire de circuit en forme d'anneau basée sur le travail combiné de STT et SOT a été proposée. Comparée à la mémoire de piste traditionnelle en forme de ligne, cette mémoire en forme d'anneau permet au paroi de demaine de se déplacer dans un nanofil en forme d'anneau sans être éjecté, évitant ainsi la perte des informations associées. Le travail de conception et d'optimisation a été réalisé avec des simulations micromagnétiquesThis thesis is dedicated to the research of the static and dynamic properties of magnetic Domain Walls (DWs) in CoFeB nanowires. A measurement system based on a high-resolution Kerr microscope was implemented and used for these research.First, phenomena related to the DW surface tension was studied. A spontaneous collapse of domain bubbles was directly observed using the Kerr microscope. This phenomenon was explained using the concept of the Laplace pressure due to the DW surface energy. The surface energy of DW was quantified by measuring the external field required to stabilize these bubbles. The DW pinning and depinning mechanism in some artificial geometries, such as the Hall cross or the entrance connecting a nucleation pad and a wire, was explained using the concept of DW surface tension and was used to extract the DW surface energy. Benefited from these studies, a method to directly quantify the coefficient of Dzyaloshinskii- Moriya Interactions (DMI) using Kerr microscope has been proposed. In addition, a new type of magnetic sensor based on the revisable expansion of DW due to DW surface tension was proposed and verified using micromagnetic simulations.Second, the dynamic properties of DWs in Ta/CoFeB/MgO film and wires were studied. The velocity of DW motion induced by magnetic fields or by the combined effect of synchronized magnetic field pulses and electrical current pulses was measured. In steady flow regime, the velocity of DW motion induced by the combined effect of the field and the current equals to the superposition of the velocities driven by field or current independently. This result allowed us to extract the spin-polarization of CoFeB in this structure. Pinning effects of DW motion in narrow wires was studied. Depinning fields of hard pinning sites for the field-driven DW motion in nanowires was measured. It was found that the pinning effects become severer as the width w of the wires scaled down. A linear relationship between the depinning field and w was found. The origin of these hard pinning sites, as well as their influences on the DW motion velocity, was discussed. Furthermore, it was found that the pinning effect was enhanced when a current was applied, no matter the relative direction between the DW motion and the current. We propose a possible explanation, which would be an effect of the spin Hall current from the sublayer (Ta). Although there was no DMI or in-plane field, the spin Hall current, which was polarized in the transverse direction, can still exert a torque on the Bloch DW, once the DW tilts away from the transverse direction.At last, a ring-shaped racetrack memory based on the combined work of STT and has been proposed. Compared with the traditional line-shaped racetrack memory, this ring-shaped memory allows the DW moving in a ring-shaped nanowire and the data dropout problem can be avoided. The design and optimization work was performed with micromagnetic simulations
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Juřena, Stanislav. "Univerzální linuxový server pro malé a střední firmy umožňující jednoduchý dohled nad sítí." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217285.
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The main object of this thesis was to design a computer network for small and medium companies which will be made among others from network server providing simple network control. The next task was to provide internet connection to subscribers of local area network, their security and access to common services. There had been discussed the choice of distribution of Linux operation system with regarding to demanded services, stability and long lasting operation in theoretical part. One part of the work is a theoretic preliminary to separate services, to the purpose of their using and to their weaknesses. The practical part deals with an installation and configuration of Debian operating system, launching the base services and the setting of selected monitoring programs.
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Sultan, Qaiser. "Caractérisation expérimentale aérothermique d'un jet pulsé débouchant dans un écoulement transversal : Influence du nombre de Strouhal d'excitation sur le refroidissement de paroi par film." Phd thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00640968.
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Le refroidissement par film froid consiste à refroidir une paroi en injectant un écoulement froid pour protéger celle-ci. Un banc d'essai simplifié d'une configuration d'étude de " film cooling " a été réalisé pour caractériser l'influence d'un écoulement chauffé et pulsé provenant d'un trou cylindrique incliné à 30° dans un écoulement principal thermiquement uniforme. Les taux de soufflage (M ) étudiés sont égaux à 0,65, 1 et 1,25. Les pulsations ont été générées par un hautparleur à des fréquences de pulsation adimensionnalisées ( St ) de 0, 0,2, 0,3 et 0,5. Les aspects aérodynamiques et thermiques de l'écoulement ont été étudiés, en utilisant des techniques de mesure avancées incluant la P.I.V. résolue en temps, la thermographie infrarouge, la vélocimétrie filchaud et la thermométrie fil-froid. Pour M = 0,65, sans pulsation, l'écoulement injecté couvre une partie importante de la paroi. Dans le cas pulsé, cette distribution optimale est considérablement dégradée quelque soit la fréquence de pulsation. Pour M =1 et 1,25, sans pulsation, on observe un décollement de l'écoulement qui dégrade la protection film de la paroi. Dans ces cas, la pulsation induit de grandes variations spatiales à la fois de la trajectoire, de l'éclatement du jet et du passage des structures turbulentes dans le sillage de jet à cause de la variation périodique du débit de jet. On a constaté que la pulsation améliore la protection de la paroi pour des excitations de basse fréquence pour des taux de soufflage important (M = 1 et 1,25).
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Connors, Marianne Dorothy. "The pragmatic particles 'enfin' and 'écoute' in French film and TV dialogue." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/27764.
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This thesis investigates the use of the pragmatic particles (PPs) 'enfin' and 'écoute' in French film dialogue, and their translations in British English subtitles. Using a corpus of nine films and eight episodes drawn from two television series – all released in the UK between 2005 and 2015, and equating to approximately twenty-two hours – the study identifies tokens across a much wider range of contexts than has previously been possible using traditional corpora. The main contribution is an analysis of PP functions. The results for 'enfin' show a different functional distribution of the particle to other corpora, with corrective 'enfin' occurring significantly less frequently. The relatively large number of tokens of performative and emotional (or affective) 'enfin' allows for an elaboration of these two categories, and a tendency is observed for 'enfin' to appear as an apparent disagreement mitigator in discussions between peers. With regard to 'écoute', it is argued that écoute1 functions as a face-threat mitigator in unequal relationships and écoute2 as an FTA, although the particle is multifunctional and some tokens exhibit characteristics of both categories. Attention is given to combinations of 'enfin' and 'écoute' with other particles: while there is a clear tendency for disagreement-mitigating 'enfin' to co-occur with 'mais', and for the precision and restrictive subcategories of the corrective to co-occur with 'je veux dire', other previously documented combinations ('enfin bon' and 'ben écoute') are not frequently occurring in the present corpus. The thesis also makes a significant contribution to the field of Audiovisual Translation (AVT). The English subtitles show high rates of omission for both particles consistent with previous research, with disagreement-mitigating 'enfin' particularly vulnerable to omission. However, the analysis reveals a surprising pattern regarding 'écoute': a clear division of labour between ‘look’ (used to translate more confrontational tokens) and ‘listen’ (more conciliatory and socially distant). The study includes an experimental analysis of the subtitles relative to their character limits, demonstrating a potential new approach for researchers wishing to investigate the impact of various subtitling constraints.
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Molbeck, Blyth Marco Aurelio, and Vega María Isabel Acosta. "Extendable ladder cover solution for swedish fire vehicles." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-12641.
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The following thesis project has been done in direct collaboration with Autokaross i Floby AB Rescue Vehicle Department, in Sweden. The report contains the design development of a protective cover against weather conditions for the extendable ladder in a fire vehicle. The aim of the report has been to develop a functional and low cost solution cover for the FEL on a fire truck, which is allocated on the roof, with the express intention of providing adequate access and protection against weather conditions in Nordic countries, so as to prevent premature deterioration of the FEL unit. The company has set the technical and conceptual boundaries, with the help of the two previous concepts currently used, the BMC and the ACP. The initial requirements laid out by the company were expressed through a number of specific demands which can be categorized in two main points: Cost: Designing a solution keeping in mind cost limits, assembly cost and time, and space optimization. This was done by taking into account the two existing solutions, particularly the BMC, which represents the lowest, cost wise and function wise. Therefore it was used as the basis on which to apply improvements, rather than trying to lower the high cost on the overqualified function of the ACP. Function: Providing the adequate protection and access to the FEL. In this case, the problem was solved by establishing the correct degree of protection relevant to the Nordic weather conditions and FEL needs, and regarding the access, this was assured by fully automating the opening/closing process with the existing extraction operating system of the FEL. The result of this report is a concept solution which meets the company’s demands, obtained by creative detailing, together with an analysis regarding possible considerations that could improve the creative detailing result in this report in the form of future work. The report documents the process that has taken place in exploration, concept generation, concept evaluation, concept selection, and detailed CAD development. Each section shows the requirements and adjustments taken to fulfil the company’s needs.
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Benhammou, Mohammed. "Mesure de l'intensité acoustique dans un conduit cylindrique en présence d'un écoulement." Compiègne, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991COMPD346.
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Le but de cette étude est de mettre au point une technique nouvelle de mesure de l'intensité acoustique en présence d'un écoulement uniforme, qui soit valable pour des configurations aéroacoustiques complexes. Cette nouvelle méthode s'appuie sur la mesure directe, d'une part, de la pression acoustique instantanée par un microphone et, d'autre part, du vecteur vitesse acoustique instantanée par un fil (ou film) chaud. Afin de maîtriser les champs aérodynamiques nous avons décomposé le travail en deux étapes de complexité croissante. 1) Onde plane en présence d'un écoulement uniforme. Nous montrons que l'utilisation du fil chaud pour la mesure de la vitesse acoustique conduit à des résultats comparables à ceux obtenus par une méthode plus classique fondée sur l'utilisation de deux microphones. 2) Onde oblique en présence d'un écoulement uniforme. L'extension de la méthode à des champs acoustiques distribués sur des modes d'ordre supérieur pour une fréquence discrète est effectuée avec une sonde à films chauds croisés. La validation des mesures est fondée sur la comparaison des distributions, dans une section droite, des vitesses et intensité acoustiques déterminées expérimentalement, aux distributions de ces vecteurs obtenues par simulation numérique. Malgré certaines difficultés liées aux conditions expérimentales extrêmement difficiles, nous avons pu vérifier les propriétés des modes étudiés et les phénomènes liés aux conditions aux limites. Ce travail apporte ainsi une solution fiable à un problème aujourd'hui non résolu.
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ARLANCH, FRANCESCO. "La struttura drammaturgica del film biografico nel cinema di Hollywood e nella televisione italiana." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/126.
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La tesi indaga le caratteristiche strutturali dei film di genere biografico prodotti nel contesto del cinema statunitense e della televisione italiana. Riconosciuto nel fatto che il personaggio protagonista è costruito ad imitazione della persona realmente esistita di cui porta il nome l'aspetto identificativo superficiale del film biografico, viene proposta la seguente, nuova interpretazione: quello biografico è un film la cui struttura drammaturgica esprime sulla forma di vita del proprio personaggio protagonista un giudizio di redenzione o di dannazione.The dissertation explores the distinctive structural features of the biographical pictures produced by the U.S. film industry and by the Italian TV. Assuming that a biographical picture is a film that dramatizes the life of an actual person, we propose here a new interpretation: in a biographical picture the dramatic structure expresses a judgement of redemption or damnation on the protagonist and his life story.
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Perroni, Gisele Gonçalves Garcia. "Capacidade funcional de indivíduos idosos portadores da doença de Alzheimer." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17139/tde-17032008-135425/.
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Introdução: A doença de Alzheimer (DA) é considerada um dos importantes pro blemas de Saúde Pública, significando, portanto, grande desafio para a geron tologia e geriatria. É causa mais comum de demência que cursa com declínio cognitivo e funcional e alterações com portamentais, porém, poucos estudos relatam a correlação existente entre o declínio motor, considerando o equilíbrio, a força e a implicação na capacidade funcional e na ocorrência de quedas nessa população, principalmente na fase inicial da DA. Objetivos: Identificar o grau de capacidade funcional dos idosos portadores da DA e adequação do seu ambiente domiciliar propício às suas atividades de vida diária, e ocorrência de quedas, proporcionando, assim, melhor qualidade de vida. Métodos: Foi efetuado um estudo epide miológico descritivo, tipo inquérito pros pectivo. Foram estudados 30 pacientes portadores de DA, com idade acima de 60 anos. Foi utilizada avaliação pes soal do paciente, do ambiente e instru mento de avaliação da Medida de Inde pendência Funcional (MIF). Resultados e Conclusões: Dos pacientes estudados, 60% eram do sexo feminino, 47% a profissão era do lar, o intervalo modal do tempo de DA foi de 1,5 - 2 anos e 57% deles apresentaram pelo menos uma queda. Em relação aos cuidadores, 80% eram do sexo feminino e apresentaram média de idade de 59 anos. Em relação à MIF, foi observado grau 6 (independên cia modificada) nos parâmetros: função banho (70%), controle de esfíncter (27%), função transferência (90%), função locomoção (83%). Na função cognitiva, 100% dos pacientes apresentaram grau 5 em pelo menos uma função. Sobre o ambiente, observou-se que os principais fatores de risco foram calçados inadequados, móveis soltos pelo caminho, altura inadequada do vaso sanitário e ausência de barras de apoio. Através da MIF, pôde-se avaliar o grau de comprometimento das funções cognitivas/sociais e identificar a independência modificada das funções motoras dos pacientes com DA, na fase leve. Embora o número de pacientes estuda dos seja pequeno, contudo as evidências parecem mostrar que aumentou os riscos de quedas em função da MIF e do ambiente.Alzheimer\'s disease is a major public health problem, meaning that it is considered a great challenge to Geria trics and Gerontology. It is the most common cause of dementia, which leads to cognitive and functional decline and behavioral changes. However, few studies report the existing relation between motor decline (balance), strength, and their influence on function abilities as well as the occurrence of falls among the population afflicted by AD, mainly in its early stage. Objectives: This study aimed to identify the functio nal ability level in AD senior citizens and home setting adjustment for a proper environment in which they could carry out daily activities. It also aimed to identify occurrence of falls in order to provide them with a better quality of life. Methods: A survey-like descriptive epidemiological study was conducted. Thirty AD patients over 60 years old were studied. An assessment of the patients and their environment using the Functional Independence Seale was made. Results: 60% of the patients studied were female and 47% were housewives. Their modal AD time interval was 1.5 - 2.0 years, and 57% of them had had at least one fall. As for caregivers, 80% of them were female and averaged 59 years of age. As for Functional Independence Scale, a level 6 (Altered Independence) was observed in the following parameters: Bathing function (70%), sphincter control (27%), transfer function (90%), and movement function (83%). Regarding cognitive function, 100% of the patients showed a 5 level for at least one function. As re gards environment, the main risk factors were inadequate footwear, pieces of furniture on the way, toilet height, and absence of supporting railing. Conclusion: It was possible to identify cognitive changes and altered independence motor functions through the IFS. Those changes, thus, increased risks of falls posed mainly by environ mental threats. Therefore, IFS is considered a good and important instrument to asses AD patients\' functional ability.
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Chacouche, Khaled. "Structures minces férromagnétiques et férroélectriques." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1053/document.
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Cette thèse traite avec des équations aux dérivées partielles provenant de la physique mathématique. En particulier, à partir de modèles 3D ferromagnétisme et ferroélectricité, nous obtenons des modèles 1D et 2D par l'intermédiaire de processus asymptotiques basés sur des méthodes de réduction de dimension. Le modèle 3D ferromagnétisme a été proposé par W.F. Brown depuis lesannées 40. Il est également possible d'utiliser un modèle dynamique, décrivant l'aimantation au cours du temps, en utilisant un système introduit par L.D. Landau et E.M. Lifschitz en 1935. Pour le modèle ferroélectrique, nous nous référons aux papiers de P. Chandra et P.B. Littlewood, W. Zhang et K. Bhattacharya et au livre de T. Mitsui, I. Taksuzaki et E. Nakamura.Ma thèse est constituée de trois parties :Au début, je considère l'énergie micromagnétique avec des coefficients dégénératifs dans un fil mince. Après avoir montrer l'existence de minimiseurs du problème, j'identifie l'énergie limite lorsque la section du fil tend vers zéro.Dans la deuxième partie, j'étudie le comportement asymptotique des solutions dépendant du temps des problèmes micromagnétique dans une multi-structure constituée de la jonction de deux fils minces. En supposant que les volumes des deux fils tendent vers zéro avec la même vitesse. On obtient un problème limite couplé par une condition de jonction. Le problème limite reste non-convexe, mais devient complètement local.Dans le dernier chapitre, à partir d’un modèle variationnel 3D non convexe et non-local pour la polarisation électrique dans un matériau ferroélectrique, et à l'aide d'un processus asymptotique basé sur la réduction de dimension, j'analyse des phénomènes de jonction pour deux films minces ferroélectriques joints orthogonaux. Selon la façon dont la réduction se passe, on obtienttrois modèles différents de dimension 2. On remarque qu’un effet de mémoire du processus de réduction apparaît, ce dernier dépend de la compétition entre les épaisseurs des deux films: Le paramètre de guidage est la limite du rapport des épaisseurs des deux filmsThis thesis deals with partial differential equations coming from mathematical physics. Particularly, starting from 3D models for ferromagnetism and ferroelectricity, we derive 1D and 2D models via asymptotic processes based on dimensional reduction methods. The 3D model for ferromagnetism was proposed by W.F. Brown in the 40s and it is based on a system introduced by L.D. Landau and E.M. Lifschitz in 1935. About the ferroelectric model, we refer tothe papers of P. Chandra and P.B. Littlewood, W. Zhang and K. Bhattacharya and to the book of T. Mitsui, I. Taksuzaki, and E. Nakamura.This thesis based on three works:At the beginning, we consider micromagnetic energy, with some degenerating coefficients, in a thin wire. After showing the existence of minimizers, we identify the limit energy as the section of the wire vanishes.In the second part, we study the asymptotic behavior of the solutions of a time dependent micromagnetic problem in a multi-structure consisting of two joined thin wires. We assume that the volumes of the two wires vanish with same rate. We obtain two 1D limit problems coupled by a junction condition on the magnetization. The limit problem remains non-convex, but now it becomes completely local.In the last chapter, starting from a non-convex and nonlocal 3D variational model for the electric polarization in a ferroelectric material, and using an asymptotic process based on dimensional reduction, we analyze junction phenomena for two orthogonal joined ferroelectric thin films. We obtain three different 2D-variational models for joined thin films, depending on how the reduction happens. We note that, a memory effect of the reduction process appears, and it depends on the competition of the relative thickness of the two films: The guide parameter is the limit of the ratio between these two small thickness
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Vandenabeele, Cédric. "Étude des mécanismes d'adhésion entre une gomme caoutchouc et un fil métallique revêtu d'une couche mince déposée par plasma." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0047/document.
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L'objectif de cette thèse est de développer un procédé plasma qui puisse se substituer au procédé de dépôt électrolytique de laiton, actuellement appliqué sur les fils d'acier utilisés comme matériaux de renforcement dans un pneu, pour les faire adhérer au caoutchouc. La stratégie employée consiste à déposer une couche mince organochlorée en continu sur un fil d'acier zingué, qui traverse une décharge à barrière diélectrique tubulaire, fonctionnant à la pression atmosphérique, dans une configuration fil-cylindre. Dans un premier temps, les travaux se concentrent sur la caractérisation de la décharge et de la couche mince déposée à la fois en mode statique (substrat immobile dans le réacteur) et dynamique (substrat en défilement). Des relations sont établies entre les paramètres plasma (puissance dissipée dans la décharge, fréquence de la source haute tension, flux de précurseur), les propriétés de la décharge et les caractéristiques du revêtement plasma. Des études morphologique, cinétique et chimique de la couche mince sont réalisées. Dans un second temps, la préparation de la surface du substrat et le dépôt plasma sont optimisés pour permettre d'obtenir les meilleurs niveaux d'adhésion entre l'acier zingué et le caoutchouc. À l'issue de ce travail d'optimisation, des analyses sont réalisées pour identifier la nature de la nouvelle interphase d'adhésion. Cette étude se conclut alors par une discussion sur l'origine possible des liens qui s'opèrent dans ce nouveau systèmeThe primary objective of this thesis project is to develop a plasma process able to replace the electrolytic brass plating process, which is currently performed on steel wires used as reinforcing materials in tires to make them bond with rubber. The chosen strategy consists in depositing organo-chlorinated thin films in a continuous way on zinc-plated steel wires going across a tubular atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge in a wire-cylinder configuration. In a first time, works focus on characterization of both the discharge and the plasma layer, deposited in the static (substrate stationary in the reactor) and dynamic (moving substrate) modes. Relationships are established between the plasma parameters (power dissipated in the discharge, high voltage source frequency, precursor flow rate), the discharge properties and the thin film characteristics. Morphological, kinetic and chemical studies of the plasma layer are carried out. In a second time, the substrate surface preparation and the coating are optimized to enhance the adhesion between zinc-plated steel wires and rubber. Analyses are performed to identify the new adhesion interface nature. At the end of this study, hypotheses concerning the adhesion origin in this system are formulated
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Faure, Thierry. "Méthodes expérimentales instationnaires et leurs applications en mécanique des fluides." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00911074.
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Cette synthèse porte sur plusieurs thématiques de mécanique des fluides et s'articule autour d'une approche par des méthodes expérimentales instationnaires. Les domaines successivement abordés sont la turbulence, l'aérodynamique compressible, les machines tournantes, l'hydrodynamique et les instabilités, tandis que les techniques expérimentales mises en œuvre comprennent les sondes directionnelles de pression, l'anémométrie fil/film chaud, la vélocimétrie laser Doppler, la visualisation par injection de traceur et la vélocimétrie par images de particules. Dans la plupart des cas, on développe des techniques multi-composantes, afin d'obtenir les trois composantes du champ de vitesse. Lorsqu'un phénomène périodique est présent dans l'écoulement, des traitements par moyennes de phase permettent de reconstruire, à partir d'un maillage de mesures ponctuelles, une information globale dans un plan ou dans un volume, et son évolution temporelle moyenne. Il est aussi possible de reconstituer une dynamique en fonction du temps à partir d'une mesure dans un plan, non résolue en temps, synchronisée avec une mesure ponctuelle, résolue en temps. L'ensemble des configurations étudiées par ces méthodes expérimentales constitue des bases de données, utiles notamment pour une comparaison avec des résultats de simulations numériques.
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Rammal, Mohamad. "Développement d'antennes agiles en fréquence intégrant un condensateur ferroélectrique." Thesis, Limoges, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIMO0094/document.
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L’évolution rapide des communications sans fil a favorisé l’augmentation du nombre de standards alloués aux systèmes de communication fonctionnant sur différentes bandes de fréquences. Pour accompagner les derniers développements de systèmes sans fil, il est indispensable de concevoir des antennes miniatures intégrables. Cependant, la miniaturisation des antennes s’accompagne d’une réduction significative de la bande passante et de leur efficacité de rayonnement ainsi qu’à l’apparition d’un décalage fréquentiel de leurs fréquences de fonctionnement lorsqu’elles sont étudiées dans leur contexte d’utilisation. L’intégration de dispositifs accordables au sein d 'une antenne permet de répondre favorablement à ces problématiques. Parmi les solutions proposées dans la littérature, l’utilisation de matériaux ferroélectriques en couche mince permet de concevoir un condensateur accordable en fonction du champ électrique appliqué. Ces dispositifs réalisés à base de couches minces ferroélectriques ont été développés pour répondre aux exigences particulières et extrêmes des systèmes de télécommunication actuels (miniaturisation, faible coût, facilité de fabrication et d’intégration et bonne tenue en puissance). Cette thèse s’inscrit dans la continuité des recherches sur les antennes reconfigurables en fréquences à base de matériaux ferroélectriques. Deux axes principaux ont été développés au cours de ces travaux de recherche : le développement et la réalisation de condensateurs intégrant un film BST au sein du laboratoire XLIM et leurs caractérisations en hyperfréquence. La seconde partie de nos travaux concerne l’intégration de l’un de ces dispositifs accordables au sein d’une antenne miniature afin d’étudier son accordabilité en fréquenceThe rapid growth of wireless communication has promoted the increase of the number of standards for wireless applications. This progress requests new manufacturing processes of smart devices that are able to work on several frequency bands. However, the miniaturization of antennas is accompanied by a significant reduction of the bandwidth as well as its radiation efficiency and it becomes dependent on its using context. Tunable devices can be integrated within antennas in order to overcome these main issues. Among the solutions proposed in the literature, thin-film ferroelectric materials are used to realize tunable capacitors. The use of such materials allows the design of a tunable capacitor that can be tuned by an applied electric field. The advances of these ferroelectric thin-film devices were developed in order to meet particular and extreme requirements for today's telecommunication systems (miniaturization, low cost, ease of the manufacture process, integration and good power handling). This thesis is part of ongoing research over frequency reconfigurable antennas which are based on ferroelectric materials. Two main axes were developed during this work: The development and realization of capacitors that incorporate a BST film along with their microwave characterizations within XLIM lab. The second part of our work is dedicated to the realization of the complete tunable antenna
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CAMPAN, SPERANTA LETITIA. "Il genere adolescenziale nel cinema: dal modello hollywoodiano alla risposta nel cinema italiano contemporaneo." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/1530.
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Gli studi sull’adolescenza, sotto varie prospettive, si sono moltiplicati negli ltimi 50 anni a ritmo quasi esponenziale. Le ricerche antropologiche, la psico-pedagogia, la psichiatria clinica e psicodinamica, la genetica, le neuroscienze, la sociologia, le audience studies, celebrity studies e marketing, gli studiosi di ricostruire l’identikit dell’adolescente che spesso assume tratti contraddittori. A partire dagli anni ’50 la cinematografia coglie e valorizza le tendenze della cultura adolescenziale proponendo un set variato di produzioni riconducibili al genere teen movie. Il lavoro presente si propone di esplorare le adolescenze e gli adolescenti della contemporaneità, così come esse vengono raccontante nel genere cinematografico del teen movie hollywoodiano e della sua risposta nell’ambito produttivo italiano.In the last 50 years the number of studies on adolescence and teenagers has been growing exponentially. From different perspectives and in many fields of research, from anthropology to neurology, from genetics to sociology, marketing and cultural studies, scholars try to trace the identikit of the contemporary teenager. Since the early 50's cinematography captures and highlights trends in teen culture, proposing a set of varied productions belonging to the teen movie genre. The present work aims to explore the contemporary adolescences and teens, the way teen films of Hollywood and the new Italian teen movies reflect them through a narratological lens.
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Soudani, Azeddine. "Application des réseaux de neurones aux mesures simultanées en écoulement turbulent." Grenoble INPG, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPG0180.
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Une nouvelle methode pour le depouillement des etalonnages des sondes thermo-anemometriques a fil et film chauds, est employee pour les mesures simultanees de vitesses et de densite dans un ecoulement turbulent. La methode est fondee sur une application specifique des reseaux de neurones. Il s'agit de reseaux du type perceptron multicouches ayant pour regle d'apprentissage, l'algorithme de la retropogation d'erreur. Cette methode auto-adaptative a ete appliquee aux etalonnages de deux types de sonde. Elle donne une meilleure precision sur la reduction des etalonnages que les methodes classiques d'ajustement utilisant les regressions polynomiales. Les resultats obtenus par ce type de reseaux de neurones, pour le depouillement des mesures doubles simultanees, sont tres satisfaisants. Les comparaisons effectuees montre que la methode semble plus precise que celles utilisees habituellement. Les effets des differences de densite importantes, sur la structure fine de la turbulence parietale sont etudies a partir des donnees experimentales, obtenues dans une soufflerie a recirculation. Ces differences de densite, dans la couche limite, sont produites par injection tangentielle d'air ou d'helium dans un melange air-helium. Les resultats d'analyse des donnees experimentales des fluctuations de vitesse et de densite montrent que, le developpement spatio-temporel du flux massique turbulent longitudinal est fortement lie aux gradients de densite. La structure fine du flux massique turbulent ne depend pas implicitement de la difference de densite mais plutot de ses gradients. L'analyse conditionnelle dans les quadrants montre que l'injection d'helium, dans la couche limite, engendre des ejections plus violentes que dans le cas d'une injection d'air. Ce resultat est confirme par l'analyse statistique qui revele la contribution importante des ejections au flux massique turbulent
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von, Ribbeck Hans-Georg. "THz Near-Field Microscopy and Spectroscopy." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-163917.
Full textAbstract:
Imaging with THz radiation at nanoscale resolution is highly desirable for specific material investigations that cannot be obtained in other parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. Nevertheless, classical free-space focusing of THz waves is limited to a >100 μm spatial resolution, due to the diffraction limit. However, the scattering- type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) promises to break this diffraction barrier. In this work, the realization of s-SNOM and spectroscopy for the THz spectral region from 30–300 μm (1–10 THz) is presented. This has been accomplished by using two inherently different radiation sources at distinct experimental setups: A femtosecond laser driven photoconductive antenna, emitting pulsed broadband THz radiation from 0.2–2 THz and a free-electron laser (FEL) as narrow-band high-intensity source, tunable from 1.3–10 THz. With the photoconductive antenna system, it was demonstrated for the first time that near-field spectroscopy using broadband THz-pulses, is achievable. Hereby, Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy with a mechanical delay stage (THz-TDS) was realized to obtain spectroscopic s-SNOM information, with an additional asynchronous optical sampling (ASOPS) option for rapid far-field measurements. The near-field spectral capabilities of the microscope are demonstrated with measurements on gold and on variably doped silicon samples. Here it was shown that the spectral response follows the theoretical prediction according to the Drude and the dipole model. While the broadband THz-TDS based s-SNOM in principle allows for the parallel recording of the full spectral response, the weak average power of the THz source ultimately limits the technique to optically investigate selected sample locations only. Therefore, for true THz near-field imaging, a FEL as a high-intensity narrow- band but highly-tunable THz source in combination with the s-SNOM technique, has been explored. Here, the characteristic near-field signatures at wavelengths from 35–230 μm are shown. Moreover, the realization of material sensitive THz near-field imaging is demonstrated by optically resolving, a structured gold rod with a reso- lution of up to 60 nm at 98 μm wavelength. Not only can the gold be distinguished from the silica substrate but moreover parts of the structure have been identified to be residual resin from the fabrication process. Furthermore, in order to explore the resolution capabilities of the technique, the near-fields of patterned gold nano- structures (Fischer pattern) were imaged with a 50 nm resolution at wavelengths up to 230 μm (1.2 THz). Finally, the imaging of a topography-independent optical material contrast of embedded organic structures, at exemplary 150 μm wavelength is shown, thereby demonstrating that the recorded near-field signal alone allows us to identify materials on the nanometer scale. The ability to measure spectroscopic images by THz-s-SNOM, will be of benefit to fundamental research into nanoscale composites, nano-structured conductivity phenomena and metamaterials, and furthermore will enable applications in the chemical and electronics industriesDie Bildgebung mit THz Strahlung im Nanobereich ist höchst wünschenswert für genaue Materialuntersuchungen, welche nicht in anderen Spektralbereichen durchgeführt werden kann. Aufgrund des Beugungslimits ist kann jedoch mit klassischen Methoden keine bessere Auflösung als etwa 100 μm für THz-Strahlung erreicht werden. Die Methode der Streulicht-Nahfeldmikroskopie (s-SNOM) verspricht jedoch dieses Beugungslimit zu durchbrechen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Realisierung der Nahfeld-Mikroskopie und Spektroskopie im THz-Spektralbereich von 30–1500 μm (0.2–10 THz) präsentiert. Dies wurde mittels zweier grundsätzlich unterschiedlichen Strahlungsquellen an separaten Experimentaufbauten erreicht: Einer photoleitenden Antenne welche gepulste breitbandige THz-Strahlung von 0.2–2 THz emittiert, sowie einem Freie- Elektronen Laser (FEL) als schmalbandige hochleistungs Quelle, durchstimmbar von 1.3–10 THz. Mit dem photoleitenden Antennensystem konnte zum ersten mal demonstriert werden, dass mit breitbandigen THz-Pulsen Nahfeldspektroskopie möglich ist. Dazu wurde die übliche THz-Time-Domain-Spektroskopie (THz-TDS) zur Erhaltung der spektroskopischen s-SNOM Informationen, sowie asynchrones optisches Abtasten (ASOPS) für schnelle Fernfeld Spektroskopie eingesetzt. Die nahfeldspektroskopischen Fähigkeiten des Mikroskops wurden anhand von Messungen an Gold sowie unterschiedlich dotierten Siliziumproben demonstriert. Dabei konnte gezeigt werden, dass die spektrale Antwort den theoretischen Voraussagen des Drude- sowie Dipol Modells folgt. Während das breitband THz-TDS basierte s-SNOM spektroskopische Nahfelduntersuchungen zulässt, limitiert jedoch die schwache Ausgangsleistung der THz-quelle diese Technik insofern, dass praktisch nur Punktspektroskopie an ausgesuchten Probenstellen möglich ist. Für echte nanoskopische Nahfeldbildgebung wurde daher ein FEL als durchstimmbare hochleistungs THz-Quelle in Kombination mit der s-SNOM-Technik erforscht. Hierzu wurden die charakteristischen Nahfeld-Signaturen bei Wellenlängen von 35–230 μm untersucht, gefolgt von die Verwirklichung materialsensitiver THz Nahfeldbildgebung gezeigt an Goldstreifen mit bis zu 60 nm Auflösung. Dabei kann nicht nur das Gold von dem Glassubstrat unterschieden werden, sondern auch Ablagerungen als Überreste des Fabrikationsprozesses identifiziert werden. Um die Grenzen der Auflösungsmöglichkeiten dieser Technik zu sondieren, wurden weiterhin die Nahfelder von gemusterten Gold-Nanostrukturen (Fischer-Pattern) bei Wellenlängen bis zu 230 μm (1.2 THz) abgebildet. Hierbei wurde eine Auflösung von 50 nm festgestellt. Schliesslich konnte der topographieunabhängige Materialkontrast von eingebetteten organischen Strukturen, exemplarisch bei 150 μm Wellenlänge, gezeigt werden. Die Fähigkeit, spektroskopische Aufnahmen mittels der THZ-s-SNOM Technik zu erzeugen, wird der Grundlagenforschung und in der Nanotechnologie zu Gute kommen, und weiterhin Anwendungen in der Chemischen- und Halbleiterindustrie ermöglichen
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Bou, Tayeh Gaby. "Towards smart firefighting using the internet of things and machine learning." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCD015.
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L’objectif de cette de thèse est d’étudier à la fois des solutions matérielles et logicielles pour améliorer les conditions de travail des sapeurs-pompiers. Il s’agit de développer un système intelligent basé sur l’internet des objets pour surveiller l'état de santé des pompiers et aider à les localiser lors des interventions. Dans la première partie de la thèse, nous avons étudié et proposé plusieurs approches permettant de réduire la consommation d’énergie du système afin de maximiser sa durée de vie. La première approche présente un modèle de prédiction basé sur la corrélation temporelle entre les mesures collectées par le même capteur. Il permet de réduire la quantité de données collectées et transmises au centre de contrôle. Ce modèle est exécuté à la fois par le capteur et le centre et qui s'auto-adapte en fonction de l’écart constaté entre les mesures réelles collectées et les mesures prédites. Une deuxième version de cette approche a été étudiée pour prendre en considération la perte de message et la synchronisation entre le capteur et le centre de contrôle. D’un autre côté et pour réduire davantage la consommation d’énergie, nous avons couplé l’approche de prédiction avec un algorithme de collecte de données adaptatif permettant de réduire l’activité du capteur et le taux d’échantillonnage. Toutes ces approches ont été testées via des simulations et de l’implémentation réelle. Les résultats obtenus montrent l’efficacité de ces approches en termes de réduction de la consommation d’énergie tout en gardant l’intégrité de données. La deuxième partie de cette thèse est dédiée au traitement des données issues des interventions des sapeurs-pompiers. Nous avons étudié plusieurs méthodes de clustérisation permettant un prétraitement de données avant l’extraction des connaissances. D’un autre côté, nous avons appliqué des méthodes d'apprentissage profond sur un grand ensemble de données concernant 200.000 interventions qui ont eu lieu pendant une période de 6 ans dans le département du Doubs, en France. Le but de cette partie était de prédire le nombre d’interventions futures en fonction de variables explicatives externes, pour aider les pompiers à bien gérer leurs ressourcesIn this thesis, we present a multilevel scheme consisting of both hardware and software solutions to improve the daily operational life of firefighters. As a core part of this scheme, we design and develop a smart system of wearable IoT devices used for state assessment and localization of firefighters during interventions. To ensure a maximum lifetime for this system, we propose multiple data-driven energy management techniques for resource constraint IoT devices. The first one is an algorithm that reduces the amount of data transmitted between the sensor and the destination (Sink). This latter exploits the temporal correlation of collected sensor measurements to build a simple yet robust model that can forecast future observations. Then, we coupled this approach with a mechanism that can identify lost packets, force synchronization, and reconstruct missing data. Furthermore, knowing that the sensing activity does also require a significant amount of energy, we extended the previous algorithm and added an additional adaptive sampling layer. Finally, we also proposed a decentralized data reduction approach for cluster-based sensor networks. All the previous algorithms have been tested and validated in terms of energy efficiency using custom-built simulators and through implementation on real sensor devices. The results were promising as we were able to demonstrate that our proposals can significantly improve the lifetime of the network. The last part of this thesis focusses on building data-centric decision-making tools to improve the efficiency of interventions. Since sensor data clustering is an important pre-processing phase and a stepstone towards knowledge extraction, we review recent clustering techniques for massive data management in IoT and compared them using real data for a gas leak detection sensor network. Furthermore, with our hands on a large dataset containing information on 200,000 interventions that happened during a period of 6 years in the region of Doubs, France. We study the possibility of using Machine Learning to predict the number of future interventions and help firefighters better manage their mobile resources according to the frequency of events
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Omer, Ibrahim Babiker Asia. "Écriture romanesque, écriture cinématographique : le cas du "Hussard sur le toit" de Jean Giono et de son adaptation au cinéma par Jean-Paul Rappeneau." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCC029.
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La thèse porte sur l’adaptation cinématographique d’une œuvre littéraire considérée comme inadaptable, Le Hussard sur le toit de Giono, paru en 1951. Le roman de Giono et le film de Jean-Paul Rappeneau, sorti en 1995 et portant le même titre sont tous les deux une représentation fictionnelle d’un passé historique. Le roman et le film racontent l’histoire d’un exilé politique italien qui se conduit en héros généreux lors d’une épidémie de choléra au XIXe siècle en France, mais ils utilisent des codes différents et ont chacun des éléments constitutifs spécifiques. Notre démarche a eu pour but de savoir quelles sont les logiques respectives du récit romanesque et du récit cinématographique. Pour cela, après avoir défini l’adaptation, nous avons situé le roman et sa signification dans l’oeuvre de l’auteur, puis nous avons dégagé les caractéristiques de l’univers romanesque de Giono, qui écrit souvent à la manière d’un cinéaste. Nous avons étudié le film du point de vue des étapes successives de sa réalisation, du scénario au tournage et au montage, en montrant quelles étaient ses techniques et comment la diffusion a été faite. Nous avons ainsi montré qu’il y avait plusieurs transcodages du texte au film. Nous avons comparé les deux récits et nous avons trouvé que le cinéaste doit répondre à des contraintes techniques, et structurer en fonction du médium filmique. Rappeneau fait des transformations et met en valeur l’histoire d’amour du roman, en conservant son esthétique. Il propose donc sa lecture de l’œuvre et son interprétation. Le cinéma permet de découvrir de nouvelles œuvres, celles qu’il réalise et aussi celles qu’il adapte. Il permet ainsi d’initier à la culture. Ces aspects sont très importants dans la transmission d’une langue, en particulier le FLE dans le contexte soudanais. C’est pourquoi nous proposons une exploitation didactique basée sur notre expérience à l’université. L’analyse littéraire et filmique sont des moyens pour transmettre et comparer la langue et la culture, faire connaître une société et renforcer la motivation dans une ambiance de plaisir. Ce sont des sources de connaissance et de savoir-faireThe thesis is about the cinematographic adaptation of a literary work considered as inadaptable, The horse man on the roof published by Giono in 1951.The novel of Giono and the film of Rappeneau (released in 1995 with the same title) are both a fictional representation of a historical past.The novel and the film tell the story of an Italian political exile who behaves like a generous hero during a cholera epidemic in the nineteenth century in France. They use different codes and each have specific constituents.Our aim was to find out what are the respective logics of the fictional narrative and the cinematographic narrative. For this, after having defined the adaptation, we have located the novel and its meaning in the author's work, and then we have revealed the characteristics of the romantic universe of Giono, who often writes in the manner of a filmmaker. We studied the film from the point of view of the successive stages of its realization, from scenario to filming and editing, showing what were its techniques and how the diffusion was made.We thus showed that there were several transcodings of the text to the film. We compared the two stories and found that the filmmaker must respond to technical constraints, and structure according to the filmic medium.Rappeneau transforms and highlights the love story of the novel, while maintaining its aesthetic. He therefore proposes his reading of the work and his own interpretations. The cinema makes it possible to discover new works, those that it realizes and also those that it adapts. It allows initiating to culture. These aspects are very important in the transmission of a language, especially FLE in the Sudanese context.That is why we offer a didactic exploitation based on our experience at the university. Literature and film analysis are means to transmit and compare language and culture, to make a society known and it also reinforce motivation in an atmosphere of pleasure. They are sources of knowledge
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Mathis, Birgit Susann. "Etude des mécanismes de croissance de couches diamant par mesures optiques in-situ : réflectivité et diffusion élastique de la lumière." Grenoble 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE10083.
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L'objectif de ce travail etait d'etudier les mecanismes de croissance de couches diamant par des mesures optiques in situ et d'optimiser leur qualite en fonction des parametres de synthese. Des couches de diamant ont ete deposees sur du silicium par depot chimique en phase vapeur assiste filament chaud (hfcvd), dans un melange de methane et d'hydrogene. La croissance des couches a ete suivie par la reponse optique du systeme a la lumiere d'un laser he-ne de longueur d'onde 633 nm: la reflectivite et la diffusion elastique de la lumiere. L'association d'une technique de synthese et d'etudes optiques in situ ont permis d'identifier les differentes etapes de croissance et d'acceder a leurs cinetiques: la periode de nucleation, puis celle de croissance de cristaux isoles et finalement la formation de la couche continue. Apres la periode de nucleation et tant que le rayon des particules est inferieur a 60 nm la diffusion elastique suit la loi de rayleigh et on trouve alors que le rayon des particules est proportionnel a t#1#/#2 (t etant le temps de depot). Au-dela de cette taille la diffusion par les cristaux isoles presente des phenomenes d'interferences. De l'espacement temporel entre les extrema de diffusion on deduit que le rayon des cristaux isoles croit lineairement en fonction du temps de depot. Finalement lorsque la couche est continue, diffusion et reflectivite presentent des phenomenes d'interferences dont l'amplitude est d'autant plus elevee que la couche est transparente. Ces interferences permettent egalement d'estimer l'epaisseur de la couche en fonction du temps et son indice de refraction. Les mesures optiques in situ completees par des caracterisations ex-situ ont permis d'optimiser les conditions de synthese. Pour cela une etude systematique a ete effectuee en variant la temperature de substrat et la pression partielle de methane. Les resultats optimaux en terme de transparence (mesures optiques in situ) et de purete (spectrometrie raman) ont ete obtenus a basse temperature (700c) et quelle que soit la pression partielle en methane. Les mesures optiques in situ se sont averees tres pertinentes pour l'etude des cinetiques de croissance des couches diamant et leur caracterisation en terme de transparence tres affectee par la rugosite
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FAN, SHAO-YU, and 范邵瑜. "A NOx gas sensing based on FTO thin film by MEMS technology." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/e9nm79.
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碩士國立臺南大學
電機工程學系碩博士班
107
In this thesis, we prepared the gas sensors based on Fluorine doped Tin Oxide (FTO) films with MEMS micro-electro-mechanical technology and the sensors were used to fabricate the device that can perform gas sensing. The F content is ~10 at%. The sensors illustrate the advance properties of small size, low cost, low power consumption and high reliability. The characteristic of sensing film was analyzed by SEM, XRD, EDX, and infrared thermal imaging. The research theme is roughly divided into three main axes: (1) characteristics of tin dioxide doped fluorine gas sensor; (2) characteristics of tin dioxide and indium tin oxide gas sensor; (3) three different sensing films Comparison of sensing characteristics. The gas response results show that the NOx gas responses of the FTO gas sensor are higher than that of the SnO2 gas sensor and ITO gas sensor. Low gas concentrations of 1 ppm NO and 1 ppm NO2 can be detected with good responses of 85.3% and 75.42%, using the FTO gas sensor at 200 °C and with 1 V applied bias. The magnitude of the sensor response increased with increasing NOx gas concentration. We also repeated responses of the FTO gas sensor to 1 ppm NO at 250 ◦C. The sensor responded quickly when the gas was switched from air to 1 ppm NO, and the response and recovery of the FTO gas sensor were stable and quick. This result demonstrates that the response speed of the fabricated sensor is good. The humidity response results show that the when humidity was increased from 35% to 95%, the sensing current of the device increased. This experimental result that the humidity will change the resistance of sensor.
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Su, Jun-hung, and 蘇峻鋐. "R&D Subsidy: An Available Alternative to Bailout the Uncompetitive Firm from Negative Impact of FTA." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/07861040350358894465.
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碩士國立高雄大學
經營管理研究所
99
This article focuses on the influence to the social welfare before and after signing free trade agreement. We following the non-actionable subsidies of the norms of WTO in R＆D subsidy to analyze the cases on the effect of social welfare. Case 1: after signing FTA, the government and uncompetitive firm both stay in inertia state. Case 2: the uncompetitive firm struggle alone by investing R＆D to raise its own competition. Case 3: the government adopts R＆D subsidy measures. We find that FTA can improve the profit of domestic exporting firm, consumer surplus, as well as social welfare. However, domestic uncompetitive firm will harmed according to the degrees of product homogeneous. We also find that domestic uncompetitive firm can improve their competitive status by R&D investment after signing FTA. In addition, we also find that the uncompetitive firm belongs to the different industry may modify its goal strategically to improve its own profit and social welfare. Finally, we discover that home country government has no necessity to subsidize the uncompetitive firm after signing FTA under the consideration of social welfare maximization. Instead she should even levy tax on the uncompetitive firm in a specific industry condition. We conclude that home country government should subsidize (tax) the uncompetitive firm’s R&D expenditure if it engages in R&D activities for enhancing domestic social welfare. Compare the social welfare of the three cases in this article, Case 3 is the best measure.
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Peng, Ya-Chen, and 彭雅珍. "The Applications of the FMEA and FTA in PE Plastic Film Blowing Loss-an Example of Z Company in Taiwan." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54767513213222909179.
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碩士國立雲林科技大學
工業工程與管理研究所碩士班
101
Because of global economic turbulence, enterprises face an intensely competitive environment. Quality assurance and rapid delivery have become inadequate in satisfying customer needs. Customers currently require low-costing products in addition to rapid delivery and good quality. When a system fails to perform its functions, products are damaged as a result of feed failure, scorching, thickness or width discrepancies, sharkskin, bubbling, poor printing, abrasions, and uneven winding. This damage can generate losses for suppliers. This study used a reliability block diagram to construct a system and function relation diagram. Because of the limited resources, the study executives, cross-functional team, and experts elected to simulate “feed failure,” which causes the most serious damage, as the primary event for analysis. Fault tree analysis (FTA) that involved drawing a causal fault tree with event and logic symbols was performed to identify the causes of faults. The results were then incorporated into failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) to identify the causes of failure and potential failures, and evaluate the severity of outcomes. Based on the results, the executives, cross-functional team, and experts proposed preventive measures and strategies for a sequence of improvements, which were prioritized to control manufacturing processes and reduce risks. The cross-functional team collaborated to implement failure prevention measures and mitigate or eliminate the failure modes. Therefore, the manufacturing processes can be completed simultaneously, and the damage resulting from feed failure (the supply of low-density polyethylene blow-film material) can be prevented. The strategies for improvement were recorded and provided to other interested parties. Thus, manufacturing processes can be improved, the cost of failure can be reduced, and enterprises’ competitiveness can be enhanced. This study used Company Z as an example to demonstrate the feasibility of the measures for preventing the failure mode caused by a system failure, which would otherwise result from feed failure (low-density polyethylene blow-film material). The results obtained in this study can be provided as a valuable reference to related industries.
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Khedher, Sadri. "L'écosystème d'une firme : une stratégie de gestion de l'innovation ouverte." Mémoire, 2010. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/3081/1/M11481.pdf.
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L'objectif principal de la présente recherche est de traiter de la gestion de l'innovation ouverte au sein de l'écosystème d'affaires d'une firme. Le but de cette étude est de concevoir un cadre d'analyse permettant d'aider les dirigeants d'entreprises technologiques à tracer la meilleure trajectoire d'innovation dans un environnement en constante évolution.
Afin de mieux cerner les enjeux ainsi que les caractéristiques associées à cette dimension, ce mémoire offre un cadre théorique particulièrement riche et surtout synthétique intégrant les résultats de plusieurs recherches distinctes (Porter, M. 1998 ; 2000 ; Moore, 1993 ; Iansiti et Levien, 2004 ; Chesbrough, 2007). Nous avons tenté de mettre en application notre cadre conceptuel en nous basant sur la méthodologie de l'étude de cas, étant donné la grande flexibilité dans l'analyse des données de cette dernière. Dans le cas qui nous préoccupe, l'entreprise ciblée est l'équipementier canadien de téléphonie sans-fil Research In Motion (RIM). Concrètement, par le biais d'analyse des données primaires (entrevues avec quelques cadres de RIM) et secondaires (rapports annuels, revues de presse, études de cas, etc.), nous avons constaté que la présence d'un contexte local fortement propice à l'innovation constituait un facteur décisif grâce auquel une entreprise était susceptible d'exceller, et ce, en mettant à profit la contribution de plusieurs acteurs appartenant à diverses industries. Nous avons également observé qu'il existe un lien remarquable entre les dynamiques concurrentielles existant au sein de l'écosystème et le niveau d'application du paradigme d'innovation ouverte par une firme. En effet, l'accroissement de l'intensité des dynamiques concurrentielles s'accompagne inévitablement d'une multiplication des opérations d'innovation ouverte entretenues par une entreprise. En outre, nous avons découvert le rôle structurant joué par les plateformes électroniques, dans la mesure où celles-ci contribuent à accroître la valeur générée au sein de l'écosystème, et ce, en encourageant la contribution de divers acteurs. Finalement, à la lumière de cette étude, nous soulignons les limites, les contributions personnelles et les avenues futures de recherches de ce mémoire. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Écosystème d'affaires, Innovation ouverte, Grappes industrielles, Plateforme électronique.
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Su, Yu-Wei. "CdS nanocrystalline thin films deposited by the continuous microreactor-assisted solution deposition (MASD) process : growth mechanisms and film characterizations." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/26737.
Full textAbstract:
The continuous microreactor-assisted solution deposition (MASD) process was used for the deposition of CdS thin films on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass. The MASD system, including a T-junction micromixer and a microchannel heat exchanger is capable of isolating the homogeneous particle precipitation from the heterogeneous surface reaction. The results show a dense nanocrystallite CdS thin films with a preferred orientation at (111) plane. Focused-ion-beam was used for TEM specimen preparation to characterize the interfacial microstructure of CdS and FTO layers. The band gap of the microreactor-assisted deposited CdS film was determined at 2.44 eV. X-ray Photon Spectroscopy show the bindings of energies of Cd 3d₃/₂, Cd 3d₅/₂, S 2p₃/₂ and S 2p₁/₂ at 411.7 eV, 404.8 eV, 162.1 eV, and 163.4 eV, respectively.
The film growth kinetics was studied by measuring the film thickness deposited from 1 minute to 15 minutes in physical (FIB-TEM) and optical (reflectance spectroscopy) approaches. A growth model that accounts for the residence time in the microchannel using empirical factor (η) obtained from previous reported experimental data. Applying this factor in the proposed modified growth model gives a surface reaction rate of 1.61*10⁶ cm⁴ mole⁻¹s⁻¹, which is considerable higher than the surface reaction rates obtained from the batch CBD process. With the feature of separating homogeneous and heterogeneous surface reaction, the MASD process provides the capability to tailor the surface film growth rate and avoid the saturation growth regime in the batch process.
An in situ spectroscopy technique was used to measure the UV-Vis absorption spectra of CdS nanoparticles formed within the continuous flow microreactor. The spectra were analyzed by fitting the sum of three Gaussian functions and one exponential function in order to calculate the nanoparticle size. This deconvolution analysis shows the formation of CdS nanoparticles range from 1.13 nm to 1.26 nm using a residence time from 0.26 s to 3.96 s. Barrier controlled coalescence mechanism seems to be a reasonable model to explain the experimental UV-Vis data obtained from the continuous flow microreactor, with a rate constant k' value of 2.872 s⁻¹. Using CFD, low skewness value of the RTD curve at high flow rate (short τ) suggests good radial mixing at high flow rate is responsible for the formation of smaller CdS nanoparticles with a narrower size distribution.
The combination of CdS nanoparticle solution with MASD process resulted in the hindrance of CdS thin film deposition. It is hypothesized that the pre-existing sulfide (S²⁻) ions and CdS nanoparticles changes the chemical species equilibrium of thiourea hydrolysis reaction. Consequently, the lack of thiourea slows down the heterogeneous surface reaction.
To test the scalability of the MASD process, a flow cell and reel-to-reel (R2R)-MASD system were setup and demonstrated for the deposition of CdS films on the FTO glass (6" x 6") substrate. The film deposition kinetics was found to be sensitive to the flow conditions within the heat exchanger and the substrate flow cell. The growth kinetics of the CdS films deposited by R2R-MASD process was investigated by with a deposition time of 2.5 min, 6.3 min, and 9 min. In comparison with the continuous MASD process, the growth rate in R2R-MASD is higher, however more difficult to obtain a linear relationship with the deposition time.Graduation date: 2012
Access restricted to the OSU Community at author's request from Jan. 13, 2012 - Jan. 13, 2013
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Balu, R. "Investigations On The Influence Of Process Parameters On The Deposition Of Samarium Cobalt (SmCo) Permanent Magnetic Thin Films For Microsystems Applications." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/1068.
Full textAbstract:
The research in permanent magnet thin films focuses on the search of new materials and methods to increase the prevalent data storage limit. In the recent past the work towards the application of these films to micro systems have also gained momentum. Materials like samarium cobalt with better magnetic properties and temperature stability are considered to be suitable in this regard. The essential requirement in miniaturization of these films is to deposit them on silicon substrates that can alleviate the micro fabrication process. In this work, an effort has been made to deposit SmCo films with better magnetic properties on silicon substrates.
In the deposition of SmCo, the composition of the deposited films and the structural evolution are found to play an important role in determining the magnetic properties. Proper control over these parameters is essential in controlling the magnetic properties of the deposited films. SmCo being a two component material the composition of the films is dependent on the nature of the source and the transport of the material species from source to substrate. On the other hand, structural evolution is dependent on the energetical considerations between the SmCo lattice and substrate lattice. This most often is dominated by the lattice match between the condensing lattice and the substrate lattice. As such Si does not provide good lattice match to SmCo lattice. Hence suitable underlayers are essential in the deposition of these films. Materials like W, Cu, Mo and Cr were used as underlayers. Out of all these Cr is found to provide good lattice match and adhesion to SmCo lattice.
Sputtering being the common deposition tool, SmCo could be sputtered either from the elemental targets of Sm and Co or from the compound target of SmCo5. Sputtering of elemental targets of Sm and Co provides the flexibility of varying the composition whereas sputtering from the SmCo alloy target provides to flexibility of controlling the structural evolution by different process parameters. In this work two different techniques namely Facing Target Sputtering (FTS) and Ion Beam Sputter Deposition (IBSD) were followed in depositing SmCo films.
In FTS technique, SmCo films were directly deposited on silicon substrates by simultaneous sputtering of samarium and cobalt targets facing each other. This sputtering geometry enabled to achieve films with a wide composition range of 55 – 95 at. % of cobalt in single deposition. The resulting composition variation and material property variation were investigated in terms of process parameters like pressure, temperature, SubstrateTarget Distance (STD) and InterTarget Distance (ITD). The composition distribution of the films was found to be dependent on the thermalisation distances and the mean free path available during the transport. To explain the process and the composition variation, a simulation model based on Monte Carlo method has been employed. The simulated composition variation trends were in good agreement with that of the experimental observations.
IBSD, known for its controlled deposition, was employed to deposit both Cr (as an underlayer) and SmCo films. Cr with close epitaxial match with SmCo induces structural evolution in deposited films. The initial growth conditions were found to play a dominant role in the structural evolution of these Cr films. Hence, initial growth conditions were modified by means of oblique incidence and preferential orientation of (200) plane was obtained. With three different angles of incidence, three different surface orientations of Cr films were achieved. These films were then used as structural templates in the deposition of SmCo films. The influence of parameters like composition, impurities, film thickness, beam energy, ion flux, annealing, angles of incidence and underlayer properties on the structural and magnetic properties of SmCo was studied. The structural evolution of SmCo has been found to depend on the structural orientation of Cr underlayers. This followed the structural relation of SmCo(100)||Cr(110)||Si(100) and SmCo(110)||Cr(100)||Si(100). A mixed surface plane orientation was observed in the case of mixed orientation Cr template. The magnetic coercivities were found to increase from 50 Oe to 5000 Oe with the change in the structure of the deposited films.
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von, Ribbeck Hans-Georg. "THz Near-Field Microscopy and Spectroscopy." Doctoral thesis, 2014. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A28627.
Full textAbstract:
Imaging with THz radiation at nanoscale resolution is highly desirable for specific material investigations that cannot be obtained in other parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. Nevertheless, classical free-space focusing of THz waves is limited to a >100 μm spatial resolution, due to the diffraction limit. However, the scattering- type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) promises to break this diffraction barrier. In this work, the realization of s-SNOM and spectroscopy for the THz spectral region from 30–300 μm (1–10 THz) is presented.
This has been accomplished by using two inherently different radiation sources at distinct experimental setups: A femtosecond laser driven photoconductive antenna, emitting pulsed broadband THz radiation from 0.2–2 THz and a free-electron laser (FEL) as narrow-band high-intensity source, tunable from 1.3–10 THz.
With the photoconductive antenna system, it was demonstrated for the first time that near-field spectroscopy using broadband THz-pulses, is achievable. Hereby, Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy with a mechanical delay stage (THz-TDS) was realized to obtain spectroscopic s-SNOM information, with an additional asynchronous optical sampling (ASOPS) option for rapid far-field measurements. The near-field spectral capabilities of the microscope are demonstrated with measurements on gold and on variably doped silicon samples. Here it was shown that the spectral response follows the theoretical prediction according to the Drude and the dipole model. While the broadband THz-TDS based s-SNOM in principle allows for the parallel recording of the full spectral response, the weak average power of the THz source ultimately limits the technique to optically investigate selected sample locations only.
Therefore, for true THz near-field imaging, a FEL as a high-intensity narrow- band but highly-tunable THz source in combination with the s-SNOM technique, has been explored. Here, the characteristic near-field signatures at wavelengths from 35–230 μm are shown. Moreover, the realization of material sensitive THz near-field imaging is demonstrated by optically resolving, a structured gold rod with a reso- lution of up to 60 nm at 98 μm wavelength. Not only can the gold be distinguished from the silica substrate but moreover parts of the structure have been identified to be residual resin from the fabrication process. Furthermore, in order to explore the resolution capabilities of the technique, the near-fields of patterned gold nano- structures (Fischer pattern) were imaged with a 50 nm resolution at wavelengths up to 230 μm (1.2 THz). Finally, the imaging of a topography-independent optical material contrast of embedded organic structures, at exemplary 150 μm wavelength is shown, thereby demonstrating that the recorded near-field signal alone allows us to identify materials on the nanometer scale.
The ability to measure spectroscopic images by THz-s-SNOM, will be of benefit to fundamental research into nanoscale composites, nano-structured conductivity phenomena and metamaterials, and furthermore will enable applications in the chemical and electronics industries.Die Bildgebung mit THz Strahlung im Nanobereich ist höchst wünschenswert für genaue Materialuntersuchungen, welche nicht in anderen Spektralbereichen durchgeführt werden kann. Aufgrund des Beugungslimits ist kann jedoch mit klassischen Methoden keine bessere Auflösung als etwa 100 μm für THz-Strahlung erreicht werden. Die Methode der Streulicht-Nahfeldmikroskopie (s-SNOM) verspricht jedoch dieses Beugungslimit zu durchbrechen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Realisierung der Nahfeld-Mikroskopie und Spektroskopie im THz-Spektralbereich von 30–1500 μm (0.2–10 THz) präsentiert. Dies wurde mittels zweier grundsätzlich unterschiedlichen Strahlungsquellen an separaten Experimentaufbauten erreicht: Einer photoleitenden Antenne welche gepulste breitbandige THz-Strahlung von 0.2–2 THz emittiert, sowie einem Freie- Elektronen Laser (FEL) als schmalbandige hochleistungs Quelle, durchstimmbar von 1.3–10 THz. Mit dem photoleitenden Antennensystem konnte zum ersten mal demonstriert werden, dass mit breitbandigen THz-Pulsen Nahfeldspektroskopie möglich ist. Dazu wurde die übliche THz-Time-Domain-Spektroskopie (THz-TDS) zur Erhaltung der spektroskopischen s-SNOM Informationen, sowie asynchrones optisches Abtasten (ASOPS) für schnelle Fernfeld Spektroskopie eingesetzt. Die nahfeldspektroskopischen Fähigkeiten des Mikroskops wurden anhand von Messungen an Gold sowie unterschiedlich dotierten Siliziumproben demonstriert. Dabei konnte gezeigt werden, dass die spektrale Antwort den theoretischen Voraussagen des Drude- sowie Dipol Modells folgt. Während das breitband THz-TDS basierte s-SNOM spektroskopische Nahfelduntersuchungen zulässt, limitiert jedoch die schwache Ausgangsleistung der THz-quelle diese Technik insofern, dass praktisch nur Punktspektroskopie an ausgesuchten Probenstellen möglich ist. Für echte nanoskopische Nahfeldbildgebung wurde daher ein FEL als durchstimmbare hochleistungs THz-Quelle in Kombination mit der s-SNOM-Technik erforscht. Hierzu wurden die charakteristischen Nahfeld-Signaturen bei Wellenlängen von 35–230 μm untersucht, gefolgt von die Verwirklichung materialsensitiver THz Nahfeldbildgebung gezeigt an Goldstreifen mit bis zu 60 nm Auflösung. Dabei kann nicht nur das Gold von dem Glassubstrat unterschieden werden, sondern auch Ablagerungen als Überreste des Fabrikationsprozesses identifiziert werden. Um die Grenzen der Auflösungsmöglichkeiten dieser Technik zu sondieren, wurden weiterhin die Nahfelder von gemusterten Gold-Nanostrukturen (Fischer-Pattern) bei Wellenlängen bis zu 230 μm (1.2 THz) abgebildet. Hierbei wurde eine Auflösung von 50 nm festgestellt. Schliesslich konnte der topographieunabhängige Materialkontrast von eingebetteten organischen Strukturen, exemplarisch bei 150 μm Wellenlänge, gezeigt werden. Die Fähigkeit, spektroskopische Aufnahmen mittels der THZ-s-SNOM Technik zu erzeugen, wird der Grundlagenforschung und in der Nanotechnologie zu Gute kommen, und weiterhin Anwendungen in der Chemischen- und Halbleiterindustrie ermöglichen.