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Journal articles on the topic 'Fucane'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Klarzynski, Olivier, Valérie Descamps, Bertrand Plesse, Jean-Claude Yvin, Bernard Kloareg, and Bernard Fritig. "Sulfated Fucan Oligosaccharides Elicit Defense Responses in Tobacco and Local and Systemic Resistance Against Tobacco Mosaic Virus." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 16, no. 2 (February 2003): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.2003.16.2.115.

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Sulfated fucans are common structural components of the cell walls of marine brown algae. Using a fucan-degrading hydrolase isolated from a marine bacterium, we prepared sulfated fucan oligosaccharides made of mono- and disulfated fucose units alternatively bound by α-1,4 and α-1,3 glycosidic linkages, respectively. Here, we report on the elicitor activity of such fucan oligosaccharide preparations in tobacco. In suspension cell cultures, oligofucans at the dose of 200 μg ml−1 rapidly induced a marked alkalinization of the extracellular medium and the release of hydrogen peroxide. This was followed within a few hours by a strong stimulation of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and lipoxygenase activities. Tobacco leaves treated with oligofucans locally accumulated salicylic acid (SA) and the phytoalexin scopoletin and expressed several pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins, but they displayed no symptoms of cell death. Fucan oligosaccharides also induced the systemic accumulation of SA and the acidic PR protein PR-1, two markers of systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Consistently, fucan oligosaccharides strongly stimulated both local and systemic resistance to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). The use of transgenic plants unable to accumulate SA indicated that, as in the SAR primed by TMV, SA is required for the establishment of oligofucan-induced resistance.
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2

Dörschmann, Philipp, Georg Kopplin, Johann Roider, and Alexa Klettner. "Effects of Sulfated Fucans from Laminaria hyperborea Regarding VEGF Secretion, Cell Viability, and Oxidative Stress and Correlation with Molecular Weight." Marine Drugs 17, no. 10 (September 25, 2019): 548. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md17100548.

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Background: Sulfated fucans show interesting effects in the treatment of ocular diseases (e.g., age-related macular degeneration), depending on their chemical structure. Here, we compared three purified sulfated fucans from Laminaria hyperborea (LH) regarding cell viability, oxidative stress protection, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion in ocular cells. Methods: High-molecular-weight sulfated fucan (Mw = 1548.6 kDa, Fuc1) was extracted with warm water and purified through ultrafiltration. Lower-molecular-weight samples (Mw = 499 kDa, Fuc2; 26.9 kDa, Fuc3) were obtained by mild acid hydrolysis of ultrapurified sulfated fucan and analyzed (SEC-MALS (Size-exclusion chromatography-Multi-Angle Light Scattering), ICP-MS, and GC). Concentrations between 1 and 100 µg/mL were tested. Cell viability was measured after 24 h (uveal melanoma cell line (OMM-1), retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell line ARPE-19, primary RPE cells) via MTT/MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide/3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium) assay. Oxidative stress protection was determined after 24 h (OMM-1, ARPE-19). VEGF secretion was analyzed via ELISA after three days (ARPE-19, RPE). Results: Fuc2 and Fuc3 were antiproliferative for OMM-1, but not for ARPE. Fuc1 protected OMM-1. VEGF secretion was lowered with all fucans except Fuc3 in ARPE-19 and RPE. The results suggest a correlation between molecular weight and biological activity, with efficiency increasing with size. Conclusion: The LH sulfated fucan Fuc1 showed promising results regarding VEGF inhibition and protection, encouraging further medical research.
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Fonseca, Roberto, Gustavo Santos, and Paulo Mourão. "Effects of polysaccharides enriched in 2,4-disulfated fucose units on coagulation, thrombosis and bleeding." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 102, no. 11 (2009): 829–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th08-11-0773.

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SummarySulfated polysaccharides from marine invertebrates have welldefined structures and constitute a reliable class of molecules for structure-activity relationship studies.We tested the effects of two of these polysaccharides,namely a sulfated fucan and a fucosylated chondroitin sulfate, on coagulation, thrombosis and bleeding. The compounds share similar 2,4-disulfated fucose units, which are required for high anticoagulant activity in this class of polymer.These residues occur either as branches in fucosylated chondroitin sulfate or as components of the linear chain in the sulfated fucan.These polysaccharides possess anticoagulant activity but differ significantly in their mechanisms of action.The fucosylated chondroitin sulfate inhibits thrombin by heparin cofactor II, whereas sulfated fucan inhibits thrombin by both antithrombin and heparin cofactor II. In addition, these polysaccharides also have serpin-independent anticoagulant activities. Fucosylated chondroitin sulfate, but not sulfated fucan, activates factor XII. As a result of the complex anticoagulant mechanism, the invertebrate polysaccharides differ in their effects on experimental thrombosis. For instance, the sulfated fucan inhibits venous thrombosis at lower doses than fucosylated chondroitin sulfate. In contrast, fucosylated chondroitin sulfate is significantly more potent than sulfated fucan in arterial thrombosis. Finally, fucosylated chondroitin sulfate increases bleeding, while sulfated fucan has only a discrete effect. In conclusion, the location of 2,4-disulfated fucose units in the polysaccharide chains dictates the effects on coagulation, thrombosis and bleeding.
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Vasconcelos, Ariana, Isabela Sucupira, Alessandra Guedes, Ismael Queiroz, Flavia Frattani, Roberto Fonseca, and Vitor Pomin. "Anticoagulant and Antithrombotic Properties of Three Structurally Correlated Sea Urchin Sulfated Glycans and Their Low-Molecular-Weight Derivatives." Marine Drugs 16, no. 9 (August 30, 2018): 304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md16090304.

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The anticoagulant and antithrombotic properties of three structurally correlated sea urchin-derived 3-linked sulfated α-glycans and their low molecular-weight derivatives were screened comparatively through various in vitro and in vivo methods. These methods include activated partial thromboplastin time, the inhibitory activity of antithrombin over thrombin and factor Xa, venous antithrombosis, the inhibition of platelet aggregation, the activation of factor XII, and bleeding. While the 2-sulfated fucan from Strongylocentrotus franciscanus was observed to be poorly active in most assays, the 4-sulfated fucan from Lytechinus variegatus, the 2-sulfated galactan from Echinometra lucunter and their derivatives showed multiple effects. All marine compounds showed no capacity to activate factor XII and similar low bleeding tendencies regardless of the dose concentrations used to achieve the highest antithrombotic effect observed. The 2-sulfated galactan showed the best combination of results. Our work improves the background about the structure-function relationship of the marine sulfated glycans in anticoagulation and antithrombosis. Besides confirming the negative effect of the 2-sulfated fucose and the positive effect of the 2-sulfated galactose on anticoagulation in vitro, our results also demonstrate the importance of this set of structural requirements on antithrombosis in vivo, and further support the involvement of high-molecular weight and 4-sulfated fucose in both activities.
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Sethi, Poonam. "EXTRACTION AND STRUCTURE ELUCIDATION OF FUCOIDAN FROM MARINE SEAWEED PADINA TETRASTROMATICA HAUCK (PHAEOPHYCEAE)." Chemistry & Material Sciences Research Journal 2, no. 3 (June 23, 2020): 66–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.51594/cmsrj.v2i3.124.

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Seaweeds or the marine macroalgae are one of God’s greatest gift to us through Mother Ocean. The members of Phaeophyceae are exclusively marine and are known for their wide range of diversity and they are rich in cell wall polysaccharide fucoidan and alginate. Fucoidan is a general term for all the fucose-containing polysaccharides from brown seaweeds, while ‘fucan’ will be reserved for the polysaccharide built up with 95% fucose it’s a sulphated polysaccharide. Its highly economical and has abundance applications in the field of pharmaceuticals. Padina tetrastromatica a seaweed abundant in Indian shores was used for the extraction of Fucoidan. Later the structure was elucidated and compared with that of dextran sulphate. This was compared to that of dextran sulphate a standard chemical sulphated polysaccharide while this sulphated polysaccharide is from a natural source.
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Domin, Agnieszka, Tomasz Zabek, Aleksandra Kwiatkowska, Tomasz Szmatola, Anna Deregowska, Anna Lewinska, Artur Mazur, and Maciej Wnuk. "The Identification of a Novel Fucosidosis-Associated FUCA1 Mutation: A Case of a 5-Year-Old Polish Girl with Two Additional Rare Chromosomal Aberrations and Affected DNA Methylation Patterns." Genes 12, no. 1 (January 8, 2021): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12010074.

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Fucosidosis is a rare neurodegenerative autosomal recessive disorder, which manifests as progressive neurological and psychomotor deterioration, growth retardation, skin and skeletal abnormalities, intellectual disability and coarsening of facial features. It is caused by biallelic mutations in FUCA1 encoding the α-L-fucosidase enzyme, which in turn is responsible for degradation of fucose-containing glycoproteins and glycolipids. FUCA1 mutations lead to severe reduction or even loss of α-L-fucosidase enzyme activity. This results in incomplete breakdown of fucose-containing compounds leading to their deposition in different tissues and, consequently, disease progression. To date, 36 pathogenic variants in FUCA1 associated with fucosidosis have been documented. Among these are three splice site variants. Here, we report a novel fucosidosis-related 9-base-pair deletion (NG_013346.1:g.10233_10241delACAGGTAAG) affecting the exon 3/intron 3 junction within a FUCA1 sequence. This novel pathogenic variant was identified in a five-year-old Polish girl with a well-defined pattern of fucosidosis symptoms. Since it is postulated that other genetic, nongenetic or environmental factors can also contribute to fucosidosis pathogenesis, we performed further analysis and found two rare de novo chromosomal aberrations in the girl’s genome involving a 15q11.1-11.2 microdeletion and an Xq22.2 gain. These abnormalities were associated with genome-wide changes in DNA methylation status in the epigenome of blood cells.
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7

Domin, Agnieszka, Tomasz Zabek, Aleksandra Kwiatkowska, Tomasz Szmatola, Anna Deregowska, Anna Lewinska, Artur Mazur, and Maciej Wnuk. "The Identification of a Novel Fucosidosis-Associated FUCA1 Mutation: A Case of a 5-Year-Old Polish Girl with Two Additional Rare Chromosomal Aberrations and Affected DNA Methylation Patterns." Genes 12, no. 1 (January 8, 2021): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12010074.

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Fucosidosis is a rare neurodegenerative autosomal recessive disorder, which manifests as progressive neurological and psychomotor deterioration, growth retardation, skin and skeletal abnormalities, intellectual disability and coarsening of facial features. It is caused by biallelic mutations in FUCA1 encoding the α-L-fucosidase enzyme, which in turn is responsible for degradation of fucose-containing glycoproteins and glycolipids. FUCA1 mutations lead to severe reduction or even loss of α-L-fucosidase enzyme activity. This results in incomplete breakdown of fucose-containing compounds leading to their deposition in different tissues and, consequently, disease progression. To date, 36 pathogenic variants in FUCA1 associated with fucosidosis have been documented. Among these are three splice site variants. Here, we report a novel fucosidosis-related 9-base-pair deletion (NG_013346.1:g.10233_10241delACAGGTAAG) affecting the exon 3/intron 3 junction within a FUCA1 sequence. This novel pathogenic variant was identified in a five-year-old Polish girl with a well-defined pattern of fucosidosis symptoms. Since it is postulated that other genetic, nongenetic or environmental factors can also contribute to fucosidosis pathogenesis, we performed further analysis and found two rare de novo chromosomal aberrations in the girl’s genome involving a 15q11.1-11.2 microdeletion and an Xq22.2 gain. These abnormalities were associated with genome-wide changes in DNA methylation status in the epigenome of blood cells.
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8

Fonseca, Roberto J. C., and Paulo A. S. Mourão. "Pharmacological Activities of Sulfated Fucose-Rich Polysaccharides after Oral Administration: Perspectives for the Development of New Carbohydrate-Based Drugs." Marine Drugs 19, no. 8 (July 27, 2021): 425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19080425.

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Marine organisms are a source of active biomolecules with immense therapeutic and nutraceutical potential. Sulfated fucose-rich polysaccharides are present in large quantities in these organisms with important pharmacological effects in several biological systems. These polysaccharides include sulfated fucan (as fucoidan) and fucosylated chondroitin sulfate. The development of these polysaccharides as new drugs involves several important steps, among them, demonstration of the effectiveness of these compounds after oral administration. The oral route is the more practical, comfortable and preferred by patients for long-term treatments. In the past 20 years, reports of various pharmacological effects of these polysaccharides orally administered in several animal experimental models and some trials in humans have sparked the possibility for the development of drugs based on sulfated polysaccharides and/or the use of these marine organisms as functional food. This review focuses on the main pharmacological effects of sulfated fucose-rich polysaccharides, with an emphasis on the antidislipidemic, immunomodulatory, antitumor, hypoglycemic and hemostatic effects.
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9

Thinh, Pham Duc. "ISOLATION, PURIFICATION AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS FROM SEA CUCUMBER STICHOPUS HORRENS." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 58, no. 6A (March 31, 2021): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/58/6a/15527.

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Sea cucumber glycosaminoglycans have been well known as potential anticoagulant and antithrombin agents. In this investigation, glycosaminoglycans were isolated from sea cucumber Stichopus horrens by papain enzymatic digestion. Crude glycosaminoglycans were fractionated and purified by using anion-exchange chromatography on the DEAE-Macro Prep column to give two fractions of fucosylated chondroitin sulfate (FCS1) and fucan sulfate (FS2). Structural characteristics of F1 and F2 fractions were elucidated using chemical and IR, NMR spectroscopic methods. The results showed that the monosaccharide compositions of FCS1 consist of N-Acetyl-Galactosamine (GlcNAc), D-Glucuronic acid (GlcA) and Fucose (Fuc) residues with different molar ratios, while FS2 content only fucose residues. Sulfate contents of FCS1 and FS2 were 47.4% and 48.1%, respectively. FCS1 and FS2 fractions were different in the pattern of sulfation of N-Acetyl-Galactosamine and fucose residues. IR and NMR spectra of two frations showed that sulfate groups were primarily occupied at C4 of pyranose residues in FS2 and C6, C2 and/or C3 of pyranose residues in FCS1 fraction. Our results contributed to knowledge on structural types of glycosaminoglycan from sea cucumbers in Vietnam. The establishment of structural features plays an important role in further studies of the structure-bioactivity relationship of sea cucumber glycosaminoglycan.
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10

Ustyuzhanina, Nadezhda E., Natalia A. Ushakova, Marina E. Preobrazhenskaya, Maria I. Bilan, Eugenia A. Tsvetkova, Vadim B. Krylov, Natalia A. Anisimova, et al. "Fucoidans as a platform for new anticoagulant drugs discovery." Pure and Applied Chemistry 86, no. 9 (September 19, 2014): 1365–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2014-0404.

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AbstractAnionic fucose-containing polysaccharides (fucoidans of brown seaweeds, sulfated fucans and fucosylated chondroitin sulfates of invertebrates) are attracting a rapidly growing research interest due to different types of their biological activity discovered in recent years. In particular, algal fucoidans are characterized by large structural variations depending on the species used for their isolation and by the lack of structural regularity due to random distribution of both carbohydrate and non-carbohydrate substituents along the polymer chains. These features make it difficult to find distinct correlations between structural elements and biological properties of polysaccharides. Nevertheless, there is expectation that systematic structural and biochemical studies of fucoidans will form a basis for the development of new drugs. Herewith we summarize our recent results on the influence of fucoidan structure on blood coagulation.
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11

King, Jerry D., Erin F. Mulrooney, Evgeny Vinogradov, Bernd Kneidinger, Kristen Mead, and Joseph S. Lam. "lfnA from Pseudomonas aeruginosa O12 and wbuX from Escherichia coli O145 Encode Membrane-Associated Proteins and Are Required for Expression of 2,6-Dideoxy-2-Acetamidino-l-Galactose in Lipopolysaccharide O Antigen." Journal of Bacteriology 190, no. 5 (December 21, 2007): 1671–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01708-07.

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ABSTRACT The rare sugar 2,6-dideoxy-2-acetamidino-l-galactose (l-FucNAm) is found only in bacteria and is a component of cell surface glycans in a number of pathogenic species, including the O antigens of Pseudomonas aeruginosa serotype O12 and Escherichia coli O145. P. aeruginosa is an important opportunistic pathogen, and the O12 serotype is associated with multidrug-resistant epidemic outbreaks. O145 is one of the classic non-O157 serotypes associated with Shiga toxin-producing, enterohemorrhagic E. coli. The acetamidino (NAm) moiety of l-FucNAm is of interest, because at neutral pH it contributes a positive charge to the cell surface, and we aimed to characterize the biosynthesis of this functional group. The pathway is not known, but expression of NAm-modified sugars coincides with the presence of a pseA homologue in the relevant biosynthetic locus. PseA is a putative amidotransferase required for synthesis of a NAm-modified sugar in Campylobacter jejuni. In P. aeruginosa O12 and E. coli O145, the pseA homologues are lfnA and wbuX, respectively, and we hypothesized that these genes function in l-FucNAm biosynthesis. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Western blotting, and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of the lfnA mutant O-antigen structure indicated that the mutant expresses 2,6-dideoxy-2-acetamido-l-galactose (l-FucNAc) in place of l-FucNAm. The mutation could be complemented by expression of either His6-tagged lfnA or wbuX in trans, confirming that these genes are functional homologues and that they are required for NAm moiety synthesis. Both proteins retained their activity when fused to a His6 tag and localized to the membrane fraction. These data will assist future biochemical investigation of this pathway.
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Bezerra, Francisco F., William P. Vignovich, AyoOluwa O. Aderibigbe, Hao Liu, Joshua S. Sharp, Robert J. Doerksen, and Vitor H. Pomin. "Conformational properties of l-fucose and the tetrasaccharide building block of the sulfated l-fucan from Lytechinus variegatus." Journal of Structural Biology 209, no. 1 (January 2020): 107407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsb.2019.107407.

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Chen, Guangning, Long Yu, Yuying Zhang, Yaoguang Chang, Yanyan Liu, Jingjing Shen, and Changhu Xue. "Utilizing heterologously overexpressed endo-1,3-fucanase to investigate the structure of sulfated fucan from sea cucumber (Holothuria hilla)." Carbohydrate Polymers 272 (November 2021): 118480. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118480.

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14

Colin, Sébastien, Estelle Deniaud, Murielle Jam, Valérie Descamps, Yann Chevolot, Nelly Kervarec, Jean-Claude Yvin, Tristan Barbeyron, Gurvan Michel, and Bernard Kloareg. "Cloning and biochemical characterization of the fucanase FcnA: definition of a novel glycoside hydrolase family specific for sulfated fucans." Glycobiology 16, no. 11 (July 31, 2006): 1021–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/glycob/cwl029.

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15

Podolny, Vladimir, E. C. C. Lin, and Ann Hochschild. "A Cyclic AMP Receptor Protein Mutant That Constitutively Activates an Escherichia coli Promoter Disrupted by an IS5 Insertion." Journal of Bacteriology 181, no. 24 (December 15, 1999): 7457–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.181.24.7457-7463.1999.

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ABSTRACT Previously an Escherichia coli mutant that had acquired the ability to grow on propanediol as the sole carbon and energy source was isolated. This phenotype is the result of the constitutive expression of the fucO gene (in the fucAOoperon), which encodes one of the enzymes in the fucose metabolic pathway. The mutant was found to bear an IS5 insertion in the intergenic regulatory region between the divergently orientedfucAO and fucPIK operons. Though expression of the fucAO operon was constitutive, the fucPIKoperon became noninducible such that the mutant could no longer grow on fucose. A fucose-positive revertant which was found to contain a suppressor mutation in the crp gene was selected. Here we identify this crp mutation, which results in a single amino acid substitution (K52N) that has been proposed previously to uncover a cryptic activating region in the cyclic AMP receptor protein (CRP). We show that the mutant CRP constitutively activates transcription from both the IS5-disrupted and the wild-type fucPIKpromoters, and we identify the CRP-binding site that is required for this activity. Our results show that the fucPIK promoter, a complex promoter which ordinarily depends on both CRP and the fucose-specific regulator FucR for its activation, can be activated in the absence of FucR by a mutant CRP that uses three, rather than two, activating regions to contact RNA polymerase. For the IS5-disrupted promoter, which retains a single CRP-binding site, the additional activating region of the mutant CRP evidently compensates for the lack of upstream regulatory sequences.
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Minh Ly, Bui, Ngo Quoc Buu, Nguyen Duy Nhut, Pham Duc Thinh, and Tran Thi Thanh Van. "STUDIES ON FUCOIDAN AND ITS PRODUCTION FROM VIETNAMESE BROWN SEAWEEDS." ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development 22, no. 4 (November 11, 2017): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.29037/ajstd.173.

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Sulfated fucans are among the most widely studied of all the sulfated polysaccharides of plant origin that exhibit biological activities in mammalian systems. In this report fucoidans from some Vietnamese Sargassumspecies such as S.polycystum, S.oligocystum, S.mcclurei, S. Swartzii and denticaprum were extracted and fractionated on a DEAE-Sephadex A-25 column. On the basis of chemical and spectral analyses, the fucoidan fractions obtained were found to be the sulfated fucogalactans containing sulfate ester groups and uronic acid, and composed essentially of fucose and galactose, as well as a minor amount of other sugars. The polysaccharide fractions were tested for anticancer activity. The primarily obtained results showed that all fucoidan fractions isolated from S. swartziidemonstrate bioactivity effects against cancer cells, while fraction F5 with a highest sulfate content exhibits the strongest anti-invasion activity. This indicates that sulfate content plays an important role in the anticancer activity of the brown algal fucoidans. A laboratory scale pilot for fuco idan production from Vietnamese brown seaweeds has been set with a capacity of 500 g of crude fucoidan per day.
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Glavey, Siobhan, Ping Wu, Laura S. Murillo, Catherine Loughrey, Aldo M. Roccaro, Gareth J. Morgan, Irene M. Ghobrial, Lokesh Joshi, and Michael E. O'Dwyer. "Low Expression Of The FUCA1 Gene Is An Adverse Prognostic Factor In Myeloma and Combined With High Sialyltransferase Gene Expression Identifies Patients At Increased Risk Of Early Disease Progression and Death." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 1864. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.1864.1864.

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Abstract Background Glycosylation is a post translational modification which results in the addition of carbohydrate determinants to proteins and lipids. This has a major influence on the function of molecules known to be important in myeloma cell adhesion and trafficking such as integrins and selectins. We previously reported that ST3GAL6, a sialyltransferase involved in the synthesis of functional selectin ligands in humans, is over expressed in myeloma cells and associated with inferior survival in the MRC Myeloma IX study (MRC IX). We now extend our analysis of the MRC IX dataset to evaluate the potential prognostic significance of other glycosylation genes that are differentially regulated between normal and malignant plasma cells. Methods Analyzing publically available microarray transcriptomic datasets (Mayo Clinic GSE6477, University of Arkansas (UAMS) GSE24080, GSE2658) we first identified dysregulated glycosylation genes in MM. The prognostic significance of these candidate genes in MRCIX (singly and in combination) was analyzed using Kaplan Meier survival estimates for progression free survival and overall survival (PFS, OS). These results were validated in independent datasets (TT2 and TT3). Any genes significantly associated with survival were correlated with FISH abnormalities and ISS and multivariate analysis was performed to determine their independence as prognostic factors. QPCR was performed in cell lines to validate GEP findings. Matching SNP-based mapping array and methylation array data were analyzed. Membrane protein extracts from MM cell lines were applied directly to lectin microarrays following fluorescent labeling to generate cell surface glycan profiles. Immunohistochemistry for glycosylation enzymes and glycans was performed on patient bone marrow samples. Results High expression (top quartile as cut-off) of the sialyltransferase gene ST3GAL1 showed a trend towards inferior OS (median survival 35 mos .v. 45 mos, p=0.07) with significantly reduced PFS (19 .v. 14 mos, p=0.015). Increased expression of ST3GAL1 correlated with the presence of t(4;14) (p=0.009), del13q (p=0.001), +1q (p=0.01) and hypodiploidy (p=0.00001). Low expression (lower quartile by GEP) of the gene FUCA1, which encodes tissue alpha-L-fucosidase, was linked to inferior outcome (median OS 44 .v. 38 mos, p=0.025). On multivariate analysis low FUCA1 expression was independent of other important prognostic factors (HR=1.61, p=0.017). Patients with t(11;14) by FISH were more likely to have low FUCA1 than t(11;14) negative patients. There was no significant association between ISS and ST3GAL6, ST3GAL1 or FUCA1. We verified the effect of low FUCA1 in the GSE24080 dataset from TT2 and TT3 combined. Patients with low FUCA1 had significantly worse OS (p=0.0002). SNP mapping array and methylation array analysis did not show any evidence of correlation between copy number alterations or hypermethylation of FUCA1 and its low expression level. Since FUCA1 participates in N-glycan degradation with removal of fucose residues, this raises the possibility that a reduction in FUCA1 may lead to excessive fucosylation of cancer related glycans involved in adhesion and trafficking, such as sLex. Indeed, lectin arrays of MM cell lines revealed high levels of a-1,3/a-1,6 linked fucose, as determined by binding of Aleuria Aurantia Lectin (AAL). The HECA-452 antibody recognizes a functional trisaccharide domain shared by sialyl Lewis a and sLex and known to bind to E-selectin. Preliminary immunohistochemistry revealed increased HECA452 staining in bone marrow samples, which had both strong ST3GAL6 and low FUCA1 staining. Combining gene expression data showed that reduced expression of FUCA1 with increased expression of either ST3GAL6 or ST3GAL1 or both, identified a subgroup of patients (18%) in MRC Myeloma IX with particularly poor outcome (figure 1). Similar results were found in TT2 and TT3 with 17% of patients affected. Conclusions Altered glycosylation gene expression patterns may identify patients at high risk of disease progression and early death. Our data implicates sialyltransferases and selectin ligands as potential therapeutic targets in MM. Disclosures: Morgan: Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Millenium: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Merck: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Johnson and Johnson: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees. Ghobrial:Onyx: Advisoryboard Other; BMS: Advisory board, Advisory board Other, Research Funding; Noxxon: Research Funding; Sanofi: Research Funding.
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18

Kuznetsova, Tatyana A., Tatyana P. Smolina, Ilona D. Makarenkova, Lydmila A. Ivanushko, Elena V. Persiyanova, Svetlana P. Ermakova, Artem S. Silchenko, et al. "Immunoadjuvant Activity of Fucoidans from the Brown Alga Fucus evanescens." Marine Drugs 18, no. 3 (March 11, 2020): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md18030155.

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The study presents the results of a comparative evaluation of the effect of structural modifications of fucoidans from the brown alga Fucus evanescens (native, highly purified product of fucoidan enzymatic hydrolysis, a new regular 1→3;1→4-α-L-fucan, sulphated mainly at C2 and acetylated at C4 of the fucose residue) on the effector functions of innate and adaptive immunity cells in vitro and in vivo. Using flow cytometry, we found that all examined fucoidans induce the maturation of dendritic cells, enhance the ability of neutrophils to migrate and adhere, activate monocytes and enhance their antigen-presenting functions, and increase the cytotoxic potential of natural killers. Fucoidans increase the production of hepatitis B virus (HBs) specific IgG and cytokine Th1 (IFN-γ, TNF-α) and Th2 (IL-4) profiles in vivo. The data obtained suggest that in vitro and in vivo adjuvant effects of the products of fucoidan enzymatic hydrolysis with regular structural characteristics are comparable to those of the native fucoidan. Based on these data, the products of fucoidan enzymatic hydrolysis can be considered as an effective and safe candidate adjuvant to improve the efficacy of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines.
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Fidelis, Gabriel Pereira, Cynthia Haynara Ferreira Silva, Leonardo Thiago Duarte Barreto Nobre, Valquíria Pereira Medeiros, Hugo Alexandre Oliveira Rocha, and Leandro Silva Costa. "Antioxidant Fucoidans Obtained from Tropical Seaweed Protect Pre-Osteoblastic Cells from Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Damage." Marine Drugs 17, no. 9 (August 28, 2019): 506. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md17090506.

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Some antioxidant compounds decrease the amount of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and consequently reduce the deleterious effects of ROS in osteoblasts. Thus, these compounds fight against osteoporosis. Brown seaweeds are a rich source of antioxidant fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharides (fucans and fucoidans). We obtained six fucoidans (FRFs)—F0.3, F0.5, F0.7, F1.0, F1.5, and F2.1—from Dictyota mertensii by proteolytic digestion followed by sequential acetone precipitation. Except for F0.3, all FRFs showed antioxidant activity in different in vitro tests. In pre- osteoblast-like cells (MC3T3-L1) exposed to H2O2-oxidative stress, caspase-3 and caspase-9 were activated, resulting in apoptosis of the cells. We also observed a decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. The antioxidant FRFs protected the cells from the oxidative damage caused by H2O2, decreasing intracellular ROS and caspase activation, and increasing SOD activity. The most effective protection against damage was provided by F0.7, F1.5, and F2.1. At 0.5 mg/mL, these FRFs also suppressed the H2O2-mediated inhibition of ALP activity. The data indicated that FRFs F0.7, F1.5, and F2.1 from D. mertensii were antioxidants that protected bone tissue from oxidative stress and could represent possible adjuvants for the treatment of bone fragility through counteracting oxidative phenomena.
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Gardiner, John M., Nitesh R. Panchal, William T. Stimpson, John M. Herbert, and George J. Ellames. "Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,2-13 C 2-l-Fucose, 1,2-13 C 2-Fucono-γ-lactone and 1,2-13 C 2-Fucono-γ-lactol from Non-Sugar Starting Material." Synlett, no. 17 (2005): 2685–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2005-917071.

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Dantas-Santos, Nednaldo, Jailma Almeida-Lima, Arthur Anthunes Jacome Vidal, Dayanne Lopes Gomes, Ruth Medeiros Oliveira, Silvia Santos Pedrosa, Paula Pereira, Francisco Miguel Gama, and Hugo Alexandre Oliveira Rocha. "Antiproliferative Activity of Fucan Nanogel." Marine Drugs 10, no. 12 (September 17, 2012): 2002–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md10092002.

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de Reviers, Bruno. "Fucans and alginates without phenolic compounds." Journal of Applied Phycology 1, no. 1 (April 1989): 75–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00003538.

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23

Kang, Jeong-Goo, Su-Tae Kang, Jin-Yeong Kang, Gi-Ho Nam, Sung-Man Lee, and Kwang-Soo Oh. "Processing and Characteristics of Pearl Oyster (Pinctada fucata) Extracts." Journal of the Korean Fisheries Society 40, no. 6 (December 31, 2007): 343–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5657/kfas.2007.40.6.343.

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24

Murlewska, Julia, Oskar Sylwestrzak, Przemysław Poszwa, and Maria Respondek-Liberska. "The effect of nuchal umbilical cord on fetal cardiac and cerebral circulation-cross-sectional study." Journal of Perinatal Medicine 49, no. 5 (February 11, 2021): 590–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jpm-2020-0316.

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Abstract Objectives The subject of our analysis is the influence of umbilical cord collision around the fetal neck on the fetal heart function and cerebral circulation. Methods Our study was carried out on a group of 115 fetuses from single pregnancies with physiological course, during the 15th to 40th week of pregnancy. In our analysis, we examined the following parameters: Tei index for right ventricle, Tei index for left ventricle with Tei index components: isovolumetric contraction time, isovolumetric relaxation time, ejection time and cardiothoracic area ratio, middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity (PS MCA), middle cerebral artery pulsatility index (PI MCA). Gestational age in our study was: 28+2±34. The study group of patients with fetal umbilical cord around neck group (fUCAN) included 38 fetuses (20 males, 18 females). The control group of patients with no fetal umbilical cord around neck group (NfUCAN) included 77 fetuses (43 males, 34 females). Results In our study, we found no significant differences in the values obtained: Tei LV in fUCAN: 0.5±0.1 vs. in NfUCAN: 0.5±0.1; p=0.42), Tei RV in fUCAN: 0.5±0.2 vs. in NfUCAN: 0.4±0.1; (p=0.2). Tricuspid valve regurgitation-TR was observed with the following frequency: fUCAN: 7/38, 18% vs. NfUCAN: 13/77, 17%; p=0.8. MCA PS in study fUCAN group was significantly higher than in NfUCAN (40.2±11.5 vs. 32.5±9.5; p=0.003), although other hemodynamic and clinical variables did not differ between the study and control groups. Conclusions The fetal nuchal umbilical cord collision did not affect the fetal heart function expressed as Tei index, at the time of fetal heart examination (at mean gestational age 29+4 weeks). The fUCAN group presented elevated PS MCA, which was not related to other hemodynamic and clinical variables between the study and control groups.
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Pereira, Mariana S., Barbara Mulloy, and Paulo A. S. Mourão. "Structure and Anticoagulant Activity of Sulfated Fucans." Journal of Biological Chemistry 274, no. 12 (March 19, 1999): 7656–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.274.12.7656.

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Nishino, Takashi, and Terukazu Nagumo. "Anticoagulant and antithrombin activities of oversulfated fucans." Carbohydrate Research 229, no. 2 (May 1992): 355–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0008-6215(00)90581-0.

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Kang, Jeong-Goo, Gi-Ho Nam, Jin-Yeong Kang, Seok-Min Hwang, Jeong-Gyun Kim, and Kwang-Soo Oh. "Enhancing the Flavor of Pearl Oyster (Pinctada fucata) Extract Using Reaction Flavoring." Journal of the Korean Fisheries Society 40, no. 6 (December 31, 2007): 350–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5657/kfas.2007.40.6.350.

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Kim, Jungyeon, Yu Cheong, Inho Jung, and Kyoung Kim. "Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analyses of Escherichia coli for Efficient Fermentation of L-Fucose." Marine Drugs 17, no. 2 (January 29, 2019): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md17020082.

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L-Fucose, one of the major monomeric sugars in brown algae, possesses high potential for use in the large-scale production of bio-based products. Although fucose catabolic pathways have been enzymatically evaluated, the effects of fucose as a carbon source on intracellular metabolism in industrial microorganisms such as Escherichia coli are still not identified. To elucidate the effects of fucose on cellular metabolism and to find clues for efficient conversion of fucose into bio-based products, comparative metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses were performed on E. coli on L-fucose and on D-glucose as a control. When fucose was the carbon source for E. coli, integration of the two omics analyses revealed that excess gluconeogenesis and quorum sensing led to severe depletion of ATP, resulting in accumulation and export of fucose extracellularly. Therefore, metabolic engineering and optimization are needed for E. coil to more efficiently ferment fucose. This is the first multi-omics study investigating the effects of fucose on cellular metabolism in E. coli. These omics data and their biological interpretation could be used to assist metabolic engineering of E. coli producing bio-based products using fucose-containing brown macroalgae.
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Brandley, B. K., T. S. Ross, and R. L. Schnaar. "Multiple carbohydrate receptors on lymphocytes revealed by adhesion to immobilized polysaccharides." Journal of Cell Biology 105, no. 2 (August 1, 1987): 991–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.105.2.991.

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Phosphomannan polysaccharides and fucoidan, a polymer of fucose 4-sulfate, have been demonstrated to inhibit adhesion of lymphocytes to tissue sections that contain high endothelial venules (Stoolman, L. M., T. S. Tenforde, and S. D. Rosen, 1984, J. Cell Biol., 99:1535-1540). We have investigated the potential cell surface carbohydrate receptors involved by quantitating adhesion of rat cervical lymph node lymphocytes to purified polysaccharides immobilized on otherwise inert polyacrylamide gels. One-sixth of the lymphocytes adhered specifically to surfaces derivatized with PPME (a phosphomannan polysaccharide prepared from Hansenula holstii yeast), whereas up to half of the cells adhered to surfaces derivatized with fucoidan. Several lines of evidence demonstrated that two distinct receptors were involved. Adhesion to PPME-derivatized gels was labile at 37 degrees C (decreasing to background levels within 120 min) whereas adhesion to fucoidan-derivatized gels was stable. Soluble PPME and other phosphomannans blocked adhesion only to PPME-derivatized gels; fucoidan and a structurally related fucan blocked adhesion to fucoidan-derivatized gels. Other highly charged anionic polysaccharides, such as heparin, did not block adhesion to either polysaccharide-derivatized gel. Adhesion to PPME-derivatized gels was dependent on divalent cations, whereas that to fucoidan-derivatized gels was not. The PPME-adherent lymphocytes were shown to be a subpopulation of the fucoidan-adhesive lymphocytes which contained both saccharide receptors. These data reveal that at least two distinct carbohydrate receptors can be found on peripheral lymphocytes.
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Bradley, S. A., C. R. Tinsley, J. A. R. Muiry, and P. J. F. Henderson. "Proton-linked l-fucose transport in Escherichia coli." Biochemical Journal 248, no. 2 (December 1, 1987): 495–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2480495.

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1. Addition of L-fucose to energy-depleted anaerobic suspensions of Escherichia coli elicited an uncoupler-sensitive alkaline pH change diagnostic of L-fucose/H+ symport activity. 2. L-Galactose or D-arabinose were also substrates, but not inducers, for the L-fucose/H+ symporter. 3. L-Fucose transport into subcellular vesicles was dependent upon respiration, displayed a pH optimum of about 5.5, and was inhibited by protonophores and ionophores. 4. These results showed that L-fucose transport into E. coli was energized by the transmembrane electrochemical gradient of protons. 5. Neither steady state kinetic measurements nor assays of L-fucose binding to periplasmic proteins revealed the existence of a second L-fucose transport system.
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Becerra, Jimmy E., María J. Yebra, and Vicente Monedero. "An l-Fucose Operon in the Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Is Involved in Adaptation to Gastrointestinal Conditions." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 81, no. 11 (March 27, 2015): 3880–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00260-15.

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ABSTRACTl-Fucose is a sugar present in human secretions as part of human milk oligosaccharides, mucins, and other glycoconjugates in the intestinal epithelium. The genome of the probioticLactobacillus rhamnosusGG (LGG) carries a gene cluster encoding a putativel-fucose permease (fucP),l-fucose catabolic pathway (fucI,fucK,fucU, andfucA), and a transcriptional regulator (fucR). The metabolism ofl-fucose in LGG results in 1,2-propanediol production, and theirfucIandfucPmutants displayed a severe and mild growth defect onl-fucose, respectively. Transcriptional analysis revealed that thefucgenes are induced byl-fucose and subject to a strong carbon catabolite repression effect. This induction was triggered by FucR, which acted as a transcriptional activator necessary for growth onl-fucose. LGG utilized fucosyl-α1,3-N-acetylglucosamine and contrarily to other lactobacilli, the presence offucgenes allowed this strain to use thel-fucose moiety. InfucIandfucRmutants, but not infucPmutant,l-fucose was not metabolized and it was excreted to the medium during growth on fucosyl-α1,3-N-acetylglucosamine. Thefucgenes were induced by this fucosyl-disaccharide in the wild type and thefucPmutant but not in afucImutant, showing that FucP does not participate in the regulation offucgenes and thatl-fucose metabolism is needed for FucR activation. Thel-fucose operon characterized here constitutes a new example of the many factors found in LGG that allow this strain to adapt to the gastrointestinal conditions.
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Pérez-Escalante, Emmanuel, Luis Guillermo González-Olivares, Araceli Castañeda-Ovando, Alma Elizabeth Cruz-Guerrero, John F. Trant, Wendolyne López-Orozco, Luis Humberto Mendoza-Huizar, and Sergio Alatorre-Santamaría. "An In Silico Approach to Enzymatic Synthesis of Fucooligosaccharides Using α-l-Fucosidase from Thermotoga maritima." Chemistry Proceedings 3, no. 1 (November 14, 2020): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-24-08303.

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Fucooligosaccharides comprise the primary group of human milk oligosaccharides. Due to their beneficial properties, a series of synthetic methods have been proposed to obtain them. Enzymatic methods show great promise, and α-l-fucosidase from Thermotoga maritima has emerged as a powerful catalyst for their production. Nonetheless, the enzyme’s limited substrate scope has delayed its wider application. The present work aims to compare the relative reactivity of fucose, pNP-fucose, and ethyl-fucose, while also exploring the molecular interactions of these fucosyl-donors with the enzyme through a combination DFT and docking analysis. The HOMO-LUMO band gaps range from −7.14571 to −4.24429 eV, with α/β-pNP-fucose and α-fucose being the three most reactive compounds. Moderate association energies between −6.4 to −5.5 kcal·mol−1 were found in the docking analysis, with α-pNP-fucose and both anomers of ethyl-fucose demonstrating the poorest affinity. In the case of α/β-lactose affinity to the β-fucose/enzyme complex, no significant differences were shown. We conclude that the best fucosyl-donors for transfucosylation are those that maintain an enzyme affinity and reactivity similar to pNP-fucose.
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Kim, In-Soo, Hye-Suk Kim, Byoung-Wook Han, Kyung-Tae Kang, Jeong-Min Park, Hyeun-Seok Oh, Gang-Uk Han, Jin-Soo Kim, and Min-Soo Heu. "Preparation and Quality Characteristics of Enzymatic Salt-fermented Pearl Oyster, Pinctada fucata martensii." Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 39, no. 1 (February 1, 2006): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5657/kfas.2006.39.1.009.

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34

Ayukawa, Tomonori, Kenjiroo Matsumoto, Hiroyuki O. Ishikawa, Akira Ishio, Tomoko Yamakawa, Naoki Aoyama, Takuya Suzuki, and Kenji Matsuno. "Rescue of Notch signaling in cells incapable of GDP-l-fucose synthesis by gap junction transfer of GDP-l-fucose in Drosophila." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109, no. 38 (September 4, 2012): 15318–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1202369109.

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Notch (N) is a transmembrane receptor that mediates cell–cell interactions to determine many cell-fate decisions. N contains EGF-like repeats, many of which have an O-fucose glycan modification that regulates N-ligand binding. This modification requires GDP-l-fucose as a donor of fucose. The GDP-l-fucose biosynthetic pathways are well understood, including the de novo pathway, which depends on GDP-mannose 4,6 dehydratase (Gmd) and GDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-d-mannose 3,5-epimerase/4-reductase (Gmer). However, the potential for intercellularly supplied GDP-l-fucose and the molecular basis of such transportation have not been explored in depth. To address these points, we studied the genetic effects of mutating Gmd and Gmer on fucose modifications in Drosophila. We found that these mutants functioned cell-nonautonomously, and that GDP-l-fucose was supplied intercellularly through gap junctions composed of Innexin-2. GDP-l-fucose was not supplied through body fluids from different isolated organs, indicating that the intercellular distribution of GDP-l-fucose is restricted within a given organ. Moreover, the gap junction-mediated supply of GDP-l-fucose was sufficient to support the fucosylation of N-glycans and the O-fucosylation of the N EGF-like repeats. Our results indicate that intercellular delivery is a metabolic pathway for nucleotide sugars in live animals under certain circumstances.
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NASU, Eisho. "Fucan Fabian's Critique of the Ikko-shu." JOURNAL OF INDIAN AND BUDDHIST STUDIES (INDOGAKU BUKKYOGAKU KENKYU) 53, no. 2 (2005): 772–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4259/ibk.53.772.

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36

Araújo, P. M., G. B. Oliveira, C. R. Córdula, E. L. Leite, L. B. Carvalho Jr., and M. P. C. Silva. "Sulfated fucan as support for antibiotic immobilization." Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 37, no. 3 (March 2004): 301–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-879x2004000300002.

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Mabeau, Serge, Bernard Kloareg, and Jean-Paul Joseleau. "Fractionation and analysis of fucans from brown algae." Phytochemistry 29, no. 8 (January 1990): 2441–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85163-a.

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38

Ellouali, Mostafa, Catherine Boisson-Vidal, and Jacqueline Jozefonvicz. "Antiproliferative effect and interaction of fucans with cells." Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 2, no. 1-3 (March 1994): 305–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0927-7765(94)80045-6.

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39

Higgins, Melanie A., and Alisdair B. Boraston. "Structure of the fucose mutarotase fromStreptococcus pneumoniaein complex withL-fucose." Acta Crystallographica Section F Structural Biology and Crystallization Communications 67, no. 12 (November 30, 2011): 1524–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1744309111046343.

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40

Andrianopoulos, Kanella, Lei Wang, and Peter R. Reeves. "Identification of the Fucose Synthetase Gene in the Colanic Acid Gene Cluster of Escherichia coli K-12." Journal of Bacteriology 180, no. 4 (February 15, 1998): 998–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.180.4.998-1001.1998.

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ABSTRACT GDP–l-fucose, the substrate for fucosyltransferases for addition of fucose to polysaccharides or glycoproteins in both procaryotes and eucaryotes, is made from GDP–d-mannose.l-Fucose is a component of bacterial surface antigens, including the extracellular polysaccharide colanic acid produced by most Escherichia coli strains. We previously sequenced theE. coli colanic acid gene cluster and identified one of the GDP–l-fucose biosynthetic pathway genes, gmd. We report here the identification of the gene (fcl), located downstream of gmd, encoding the fucose synthetase.
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41

Farias, Wladimir R. L., Paula Cristina W. C. Lima, Natália Velloso F. C. Rodrigues, Rômmulo Celly L. Siqueira, Renata M. F. Amorim, Maria G. Pereira, and Ana Maria S. Assreuy. "A Novel Antinociceptive Sulphated Polysaccharide of the Brown Marine Alga Spatoglossum Schroederi." Natural Product Communications 6, no. 6 (June 2011): 1934578X1100600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1100600626.

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Sulfated polysaccharides (SP) of brown algae (Phaeophyta) are composed mainly of α- L-fucose, being classified as fucans, with recognized role in inflammation but not in nociception, which was already described for SP obtained from red algae. Here the SP of the brown marine alga S. schroederi (named Ss-SP) was isolated and assayed for the antinociceptive effect. Ss-SP was isolated by DEAE-cellulose, analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis and evaluated in nociception models (Formalin, Hot plate, Von Frey) using Swiss mice (20-25g). Anion exchange chromatography provided four major fractions being F1 (Ss-SP) that of highest metachromatic activity and sugar content. Ss-SP inhibited both phases of the formalin test. In the first phase the paw licking (55.2±8.07s) was reduced by 45% (30.5±6.51s) and 40% (32.85±8.66s) at 0.1 and 1 μg/kg, respectively. In the second phase, Ss-SP was also inhibitory about 39%, but only at 1 mg/kg (83.0±15.70s) compared to formalin (136.8±10.27s). This inhibitory effect suggests a mixed mechanism similar to morphine, which was not confirmed in the hot plate test, a model of pain associated with central neurotransmission. However, Ss-SP reduced the animal reaction in response to stimulation withVon Frey filament at the 2nd and 3rd h (20.8±6.86% versus carrageenan: 47.9±5.83%; 33.3±7.71% versus carrageenan: 62.5±9.83%). Accordingly, the paw edema induced by carrageenan (0.08±0.01g) was potently reduced in 45.35% by Ss-SP pre-treatment (0.02±0.003g), corroborating the anti-inflammatory activity demonstrated for brown seaweed polysaccharides. In conclusion our data revealed for the first time the antinociceptive effect of Ss-SP which could be used as a new source of analgesic substances.
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Chow, Wai Ling, and Yuan Kun Lee. "Free fucose is a danger signal to human intestinal epithelial cells." British Journal of Nutrition 99, no. 3 (March 2008): 449–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114507812062.

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Fucose is present in foods, and it is a major component of human mucin glycoproteins and glycolipids.l-Fucose can also be found at the terminal position of many cell-surface oligosaccharide ligands that mediate cell-recognition and adhesion-signalling pathways. Mucin fucose can be released through the hydrolytic activity of pathogens and indigenous bacteria, leading to the release of free fucose into the intestinal lumen. The immunomodulating effects of free fucose on intestinal epithelial cells (enterocyte-like Caco-2) were investigated. It was found that the presence ofl-fucose up regulated genes and secretion of their encoded proteins that are involved in both the innate and adaptive immune responses, possibly via the toll-like receptor-2 signalling pathway. These include TNFSF5, TNFSF7, TNF-α, IL12, IL17 and IL18.Besides modulating immune reactions in differentiated Caco-2 cells, fucose induced a set of cytokine genes that are involved in the development and proliferation of immune cells. These include the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) BMP2, BMP4, IL5, thrombopoietin and erythropoietin. In addition, the up regulated gene expression of fibroblast growth factor-2 may help to promote epithelial cell restitution in conjunction with the enhanced expression of transforming growth factor-β mRNA. Since the exogenous fucose was not metabolised by the differentiated Caco-2 cells as a carbon source, the reactions elicited were suggested to be a result of the direct interaction of fucose and differentiated Caco-2 cells. The presence of free fucose may signal the invasion of mucin-hydrolysing microbial cells and breakage of the mucosal barrier. The intestinal epithelial cells respond by up regulation and secretion of cytokines, pre-empting the actual invasion of pathogens.
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Sanz, Sílvia, Giulia Bandini, Diego Ospina, Maria Bernabeu, Karina Mariño, Carmen Fernández-Becerra, and Luis Izquierdo. "Biosynthesis of GDP-fucose and Other Sugar Nucleotides in the Blood Stages of Plasmodium falciparum." Journal of Biological Chemistry 288, no. 23 (April 24, 2013): 16506–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m112.439828.

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Carbohydrate structures play important roles in many biological processes, including cell adhesion, cell-cell communication, and host-pathogen interactions. Sugar nucleotides are activated forms of sugars used by the cell as donors for most glycosylation reactions. Using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based method, we identified and quantified the pools of UDP-glucose, UDP-galactose, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, GDP-mannose, and GDP-fucose in Plasmodium falciparum intraerythrocytic life stages. We assembled these data with the in silico functional reconstruction of the parasite metabolic pathways obtained from the P. falciparum annotated genome, exposing new active biosynthetic routes crucial for further glycosylation reactions. Fucose is a sugar present in glycoconjugates often associated with recognition and adhesion events. Thus, the GDP-fucose precursor is essential in a wide variety of organisms. P. falciparum presents homologues of GDP-mannose 4,6-dehydratase and GDP-l-fucose synthase enzymes that are active in vitro, indicating that most GDP-fucose is formed by a de novo pathway that involves the bioconversion of GDP-mannose. Homologues for enzymes involved in a fucose salvage pathway are apparently absent in the P. falciparum genome. This is in agreement with in vivo metabolic labeling experiments showing that fucose is not significantly incorporated by the parasite. Fluorescence microscopy of epitope-tagged versions of P. falciparum GDP-mannose 4,6-dehydratase and GDP-l-fucose synthase expressed in transgenic 3D7 parasites shows that these enzymes localize in the cytoplasm of P. falciparum during the intraerythrocytic developmental cycle. Although the function of fucose in the parasite is not known, the presence of GDP-fucose suggests that the metabolite may be used for further fucosylation reactions.
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Minsaas, J. "On two new derivatives of l-fucose: (Second communication on fucose)." Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas 51, no. 5 (September 3, 2010): 475–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/recl.19320510512.

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Stiller, Regine, and Joachim Thiem. "Enzymatic Synthesis of ß-L-Fucose-1-phosphate and GDP-fucose." Liebigs Annalen der Chemie 1992, no. 5 (May 19, 1992): 467–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.199219920183.

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46

Lee, Jeong-Mee, Sang-Won Lee, and Sang-Man Cho. "Physiological Response of the Pearl Oyster, Pinctada fucata martensii, to Low Water Temperature: a Preliminary Study for Indoor Overwintering." Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 43, no. 1 (February 28, 2010): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5657/kfas.2010.43.1.054.

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Ballesteros, Enric. "Flora Phycologica Iberica. Vol. 1. Fucales. Gómez-Garreta, A. (ed.)." Scientia Marina 66, no. 2 (June 30, 2002): 187–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2002.66n2187.

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48

Baysal, Bora, Funda Tüzün, Defne Engür, Seda Özbal, BekirUğur Ergür, Burçin İşcan, Ebru Yücesoy, Nuray Duman, Hasan Özkan, and Abdullah Kumral. "Prophylactic Fucose can Alleviate Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Cholestatic Liver Injury in Neonatal Rats." Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases 14, no. 05 (August 13, 2019): 253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1694710.

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Objectives Cholestasis is a common disease of the liver in premature infants and no specific preventive treatment is currently available. Fucose, one of the monosaccharide building blocks of human milk oligosaccharides, may prevent cholestatic hepatic injury by various mechanisms. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of fucose treatment after endotoxin-induced cholestasis in a rat model. Methods Wistar rat pups were divided into four groups as: group I, control group; group II, fucose-supplemented group; group III, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-administered group, and group IV, LPS-exposed and fucose-supplemented group. Fucose was given 100 mg/kg i.p. every other day between PN5–17. LPS was administered on PN19 to establish endotoxin-induced cholestasis model. On PN21, animals were sacrificed to evaluate liver cell damage and apoptosis. Results Fucose supplementation significantly improved the biochemical parameters that deteriorated in LPS-administered group, significantly increased the expression of bile salt export pump, reduced the number of apoptotic cell death, and greatly prevented LPS-induced cholestatic hepatic injury. Conclusion Given our results, fucose may be useful in reducing hepatic injury and might possess clinical relevance for the preventive treatment of inflammation-induced cholestatic injury in newborns.
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49

Turan, Gamze. "Determination of the Seasonal Yields of Total Fucose and Fucoidan Yields in Brown Seaweeds (Order Fucales) Distributed along the Coast of Urla (izmir, Turkey)." Aquaculture & Fisheries 1, no. 1 (November 9, 2017): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.24966/aaf-5523/100005.

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50

Sakai, T., K. Yamamoto, H. Yokota, K. Hakozaki-Usui, F. Hino, and I. Kato. "Rapid, simple enzymatic assay of free L-fucose in serum and urine, and its use as a marker for cancer, cirrhosis, and gastric ulcers." Clinical Chemistry 36, no. 3 (March 1, 1990): 474–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/36.3.474.

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Abstract We devised a kit for use with automated analyzers, for assay of urinary free L-fucose by means of a newly isolated L-fucose dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.122), and we measured L-fucose in healthy subjects, cancer patients, and patients with other diseases. It takes 10 min to complete one assay. Absorbance and L-fucose concentration were linearly related up to at least 3.0 mmol/L, analytical recovery was 90-104%, and intra- and interassay coefficients of variation were less than 4.2% and 7.8%, respectively. The concentrations of L-fucose, corrected for creatinine, were significantly higher than those in healthy subjects in nine of 18 patients with gastric ulcers, 19 of 21 patients with cirrhosis of the liver, and 206 of 366 patients with some type of cancer, reflecting a changed L-fucose metabolism. Because urine specimens are analyzed and the test is rapid and inexpensive, this method may be suitable for mass screening for some kinds of cancer, cirrhosis, and gastric ulcers.
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