Journal articles: 'Fuel additives'

1

Alfian, Devia Gahana Cindi, Rico Aditia Prahmana, Dicky J. Silitonga, Abdul Muhyi, and Didik Supriyadi. "Uji Performa Gasoline Engine menggunakan bioaditif cengkeh dengan bensin berkadar oktan 90." Journal of Science and Applicative Technology 4, no. 1 (June 15, 2020): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.35472/jsat.v4i1.243.

Full text

Abstract:

Globally, the demand for fuels is ever-increasing and so is the demand for fuel additives. A fuel additive is a substance added in small quantities to increase the performance of the engine, decrease fuel consumption and reduce emission. The fuel additives have no specific set of raw materials or ingredients. Every fuel additive is different from the other in many ways of raw materials and ingredients to produce these additives. In many cases, fuel additives have made by chemical materials as additives for a gasoline engine. However, the optimal parameters for the reduction of fuel consumption are not clear. Accordingly, the present study performs a mixing additive material in the form of clove oil with pure gasoline fuel with a percentage of 1%, 0,6% and 0,3% from a total volume of gasoline to be tested. Then the mixing of the additive and gasoline is tested into the gasoline engine by varying the load using 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000, 1200, 1400, 1600, 1800 and 2000 Watt power with a fixed engine rotation of 2500 rpm. The results show that the reduction of fuel consumption respectively. Results showed that the addition of 1%, 0.6% and 0.3% clove oil into a 90 octane gasoline reduced fuel consumption by 10.6%, 18.2% and 15.4% respectively. Maximum reduction of fuel consumption was 28.6% at 800 W electrical load with 0.6% of clove oil additive.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Nur, Raybian. "Effect of Additives to Premium on Fuel Consumption." JMIO: Jurnal Mesin Industri dan Otomotif 2, no. 1 (January 26, 2021): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.46365/jmio.v2i01.401.

Full text

Abstract:

The use of internal combustion motors has various positive and negative impacts. A large number of motorized vehicles affect the high demand for fuel. Fuel oil is a vital economic object because it dramatically influences the financial entity, namely the increase in goods and services. What can do several things to reduce the high demand for this fuel, namely by looking for alternative fuels or finding fuel economy. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of adding additives to fuel on fuel consumption. The research method applies an experimental procedure in which the percentage of mixing premium fuel with additives between camphor and eco racing with a content of 1 - 4 grams of additive for each sample tested on a vehicle. The results obtained are adding additives the properties of premium fuels change in terms of fuel consumption where the addition of several types of additives can reduce the rate of fuel consumption. The results obtained are that with the addition of these additives, the fuel consumption becomes more efficient by a difference of approximately 6 ml/minute.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Shvalev, Egor, and Igor' Kuzora. "USE OF POLYETHYLENE WASTE AS DEPRESSIVE ADDITIVES." Modern Technologies and Scientific and Technological Progress 2020, no. 1 (June 16, 2020): 91–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.36629/2686-9896-2020-1-91-92.

Full text

Abstract:

Was investigated effect of low molecular weight polyethylene (LMPE) as a depressant additive to low-viscosity marine fuel and diesel fuel. It is confirmed that using LMPE in diesel fuel, the requirements of GOST 19006-73 in terms of the “filterability coefficient” are not provided. Has been found a method for producing a depressant additive based on LMPE for diesel fuel, which ensures full compliance of the fuel with the requirements of technical documentation. The method of thermal destruction of polyethylene expand the raw material base for additives.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

C, Vijayakumar, Murugesan A, Subramaniam D, and Panneerselvam N. "An Experimental Investigation of Diesel Engine Fuelled with MgO Nano Additive Biodiesel - Diesel Blends." Bulletin of Scientific Research 1, no. 2 (November 16, 2019): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/bsr1924.

Full text

Abstract:

In this experimental investigation compacts the performance and emissions of compression ignition engines fuelled with MgO nano additive, maducaindica bio diesel blends were examined. Based upon the previous literatures only 20% mahuca methyl ester fuel blends without nano additives is suitable for compression ignition engine without affecting engine efficiency and its characteristics. In this paper magnesium oxide nano additives are added into the 40% Mahucaindica biodiesel- diesel blends at the rate of 50ppm for developing the test fuels. In this nano additives improve the properties of diesel fuel like viscosity, calorific value and decreased the flash point and fire point. Then compared the performance and emissions differences of all blended fuels used as a fuel in a diesel engine. The observation of results, 40MgO + 50ppm blended fuels brake thermal efficiency is improved then CO, HC, CO2and smoke decreased compared to other fuel blends. The results are taken into account, a blend of 40MgO+ Mgo50ppm is the best blend ratio compared than other blends with nano additives.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Sezer, İsmet. "A review study on using diethyl ether in diesel engines: Effects on fuel properties, injection, and combustion characteristics." Energy & Environment 31, no. 2 (June 19, 2019): 179–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958305x19856751.

Full text

Abstract:

This study was compiled from the results of various researches performed on using diethyl ether as a fuel or fuel additive in diesel engines. Three different techniques are used, the reduction of the harmful exhaust emissions of diesel engines. The first technique for the reduction of harmful emissions has improved the combustion by modification of engine design and fuel injection system, but this process is expensive and time-consuming. The second technique is the use of various exhaust gas devices like catalytic converter and diesel particulate filter. However, the use of these devices affects negatively diesel engine performance. The final technique to reduce emissions and also improve diesel engine performance is the use of various alternative fuels or fuel additives. The major pollutants of diesel engines are nitrogen oxides and particulate matter. It is very difficult to reduce nitrogen oxides and particulate matter emissions simultaneously in practice. Most researches declare that the best way to reduce these emissions is the use of various alternative fuels i.e. natural gas, biogas, biodiesel, or the use of fuel additives with these alternative fuels or conventional diesel fuel. Therefore, it is very important that the results of various studies on alternative fuels or fuel additives are evaluated together for practice applications. Especially, this study focuses on the use of diethyl ether in diesel engines as fuel or fuel additive in various diesel engine fuels. This review study investigates the effects of diethyl ether on the fuel properties, injection, and combustion characteristics.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Plotnikov, S. A., A. N. Kartashevich, A. V. Plyago, and G. V. Pachurin. "Optimization of the ethanol-fuel emulsion composition for use in diesel engines." Izvestia MGTU MAMI 1, no. 3 (2020): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31992/2074-0530-2020-45-3-41-47.

Full text

Abstract:

The use of alternative fuels of biological origin, in particular, alcohols, should be considered as a matter for the very near future. Scientists around the world are exploring more and more concen-trated compositions of ethanol-fuel emulsions with various additives. However, to date, the reason-able limits of substitution of diesel fuel with ethanol have not been determined. Taking into account the depth of the problem, first of all, it is necessary to consider the creation of ethanol-fuel emul-sions with a number of necessary properties, which is possible only if additives are used. The analy-sis of the additives used in the fuel showed that the directional effect of the additives is usually very narrow. Accordingly, a complex action additive is required to ensure a number of necessary properties of ethanol-fuel emulsions. The tests were carried out in several stages. The stability of the new fuel composition was investigated using various additives. The additive with the best performance was determined and adopted for further use in experiments. Further, the comparative tests of the operation of the fuel supply equipment, both on the basic fuel and on new fuel compositions, were carried out. The final stage of the research was to check the parameters of the engine operability as a whole when working at the main load and speed modes. The article considers a possible variant of the action of a complex additive based on molybdenum disulfide MoS2 as a combustion ignibitor. A hypothetical type and mechanism of reactions occurring in the combustion chamber of a diesel engine is presented. The results of experiments on the performance of injectors 455.1112010-50 on various compositions of new fuels and under changing conditions are shown. Environmental performance indicators of the 4ChN 11.0 / 12.5 engine are considered when operating according to the external speed characteristic on various fuel compositions. Based on the results of the data analysis, conclusions were drawn about the limitation of the presence of ethanol in the mixture and the substitution limit for the main fuel was justified.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Kirgina, Maria, Ilya Bogdanov, Andrey Altynov, Nataliya Belinskaya, Alina Orlova, and Nurguyaana Nikonova. "Studying the impact of different additives on the properties of straight-run diesel fuels with various hydrocarbon compositions." Oil & Gas Science and Technology – Revue d’IFP Energies nouvelles 76 (2021): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2516/ogst/2021018.

Full text

Abstract:

One of the most widely used way to improve low-temperature properties of diesel fuels is the use of additives. However, a variety of additives and the effect of susceptibility make it difficult to select additive for a particular composition of diesel fuel and operating conditions. The laws of interaction between functional groups of additives and hydrocarbons of the diesel fraction have not been investigated yet. The article discusses the influence of fractional, group and structural-group composition of straight-run diesel fuels on the effectiveness of cold flow improvers. The effect of additives concentration on the effectiveness of their action is considered. It was shown that when selecting a cold flow improver for diesel fuel and determining its optimal concentration, it is necessary to take into account the optimal content of various groups of hydrocarbons in diesel fuel, at which a cold flow improver is most effective.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Mokhtar, Azizul, Nazrul Atan, Najib Rahman, and Amir Khalid. "Review of Performance and Emmissions Characteristics of Bio-Additive Fuel on SI Engine Fuelled by Biopetrol." Applied Mechanics and Materials 773-774 (July 2015): 430–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.773-774.430.

Full text

Abstract:

Bio-additive is biodegradable and produces less air pollution thus significant for replacing the limited fossil fuels and reducing threats to the environment from exhaust emissions and global warming. Instead, the bio-additives can remarkably improve the fuel economy SI engine while operating on all kinds of fuel. Some of the bio-additive has the ability to reduce the total CO2 emission from internal petrol engine. This review paper focuses to determine a new approach in potential of bio-additives blends operating with bio-petrol on performance and emissions of spark ignition engine. It is shown that the variant in bio-additives blending ratio and engine operational condition are reduced engine-out emissions and increased efficiency. It seems that the bio-additives can increase the maximum cylinder combustion pressure, improve exhaust emissions and largely reduce the friction coefficient. The review concludes that the additives usage in bio-petrol is inseparable for the better engine performance and emission control and further research is needed to develop bio-petrol specific additives.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Danilov, A. M. "Compatibility of fuel additives." Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils 34, no. 5 (September 1998): 269–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02694073.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Zvereva, E. R., F. I. Burganova, R. V. Khabibullina, L. O. Zverev, and E. G. Sheshukov. "The scheme of dosing additives to fuel oil and evaluation of the effectiveness of its implementation at the enterprises of the fuel and energy complex." E3S Web of Conferences 124 (2019): 01033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912401033.

Full text

Abstract:

Additives are actively used to improve the quality of liquid fuels. Effective mixing of the additive with fuel with high reliability and efficiency of the boiler is ensured by the choice of technological dosing scheme liquid additive which will allow to organize automatically preparation of the additive, adding it to the oil and stirring.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Anand Kumar, S. A., V. Raja, R. P. Dhivakar Raviram, and G. Sakthinathan. "Impact of nano-silicon fuel additive on combustion, performance and emission of a twin cylinder CI engine." MATEC Web of Conferences 172 (2018): 02007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817202007.

Full text

Abstract:

Combustion characteristics of a fuel defines its performance and emission characteristics. Enhancement of combustion characteristics is feasible by improvisation of fuel properties. Fuel additives were used for varying fuel properties. The evolution of ‘nano-concept’ develops countless applications in the existing technologies. In this experiment silicon nanoparticles were synthesized by ball milling micron sized silicon particles for 45 hours. The elemental and structural characterizations for the additive material were carried out by EDS, SEM and TEM analysis. Silicon nano additive was mixed in three different weight proportions with diesel to prepare the test fuels. The fuel properties variation with the addition of nano additive were studied. Engine testing was carried out at constant 1200 rpm speed and varying load conditions. Diesel fuel added with 0.5 wt% Si nanoadditive (Si 0.5) showed maximum load carrying ability among the different test fuels. In comparison with diesel at 1200 rpm and 100% load condition, an increase in torque of 5.91% was observed and BTE was increased by 8.93% with a decrease in NOx emission by 27.3%. Variation in the performance and emission characteristics of the fuels were the results of change in heat release rate and combustion timing with the addition of nano additives which could be studied from the combustion characteristic curves.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Touray, Njagga, and Marek Chyc. "Fuel modification based on some metals compounds and their environmental impact." Science, Technology and Innovation 2, no. 1 (June 28, 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.1152.

Full text

Abstract:

The history of fuel additive use reflects the interplay between chemistry, technology and public health concerns related to environmental effects. Decisions to use specific type of chemical modification during combustion process have been made in the absence of toxicological data on health and environmental effects or exposure. The influence of these important issues has extended globally, and the effects of various compositions impact for decades after the removal of these compounds. Fuel modifications are widely used for petrol, oil and solid fuels. According to market screening and literature review, additives containing some dangerous compounds are still in used today. Pb(C2H5)4 was used for long time as fuel additive and is still used as an additive in some grades of aviation gasoline, and in some developing countries. It is obvious that additives containing copper, lead and cerium should be replaced by organic substitutes or inorganic oxidizers during combustion processes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

STANIK, Winicjusz, and Jerzy CISEK. "Influence of cetane-detergent additives into diesel fuel with RME content increased to 10% on the parameters of indicator diagrams and rate of heat release in a diesel engine." Combustion Engines 179, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 226–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2019-438.

Full text

Abstract:

This publication is the next part of the article “The influence of cetane-detergent additives in diesel fuel increased to 10% of RME content on energy parameters and exhaust gas composition of a diesel engine”. The cause-effect analysis of the phenomena related to the impact of 3 additive packages used in diesel oil with RME content increased to 10% (compare to standard diesel fuel with 7% of RME) was described. The basis for the analysis of the impact of the tested fuels on energy parameters and composition of exhaust gases were the parameters of indicator diagrams and heat release parameters. It was found that the first set of additives affects the delay of auto-ignition of fuel and kinetic fuel combustion speed only at low engine loads. In this range of engine operation the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas is low and besides there is a large of EGR.The second additive package was operated at high engine loads but its impact on the lower self-ignition delay was quantitatively small. Therefore, in the third packet of additives, the amount of additives used in the second packet was doubled. Then a satisfactory shortening of the self-ignition delay and reduction of the max rate of kinematic heat release was achieved as a reason of a reduction of NOx concentration in the exhaust up to 8% (compared to the reference fuel).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Ivanova, Yu A., Z. A. Temerdashev, I. A. Kolychev, and N. V. Kiseleva. "Determination of polymeric functional additives in diesel fuel by gel penetration chromatography." Аналитика и контроль 25, no. 1 (2021): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2020.25.1.003.

Full text

Abstract:

Current article is devoted to the development of a method for determining polymer functional additives and their molecular weight characteristics in diesel fuel by gel penetration chromatography. The objects of the study were solutions of “C5A”, “Maxoil D”, “Detersol”, polymethymethacrylate “D” (PMAD), “Keropur D ”, Antigel “Difron 3319” and “Superantigel” individual additives as well as the diesel fuel produced by the “Kuban Oil and Gas Company - Ilskiy Oil Refinery”, LLC. The conditions for chromatographic separation and determination of polymeric functional additives were determined considering the analyzed fuel matrix, the working range of the separated masses and molecular weights of analytes, and the composition of the eluent applicable for wide range of analytes. The chromatographic system was calibrated using the narrowly dispersed analytical standard polystyrene samples with molecular weights of 1000, 2000, 4000, 10000, 30,000, 50,000, and 70,000 Da respectively. The molecular weight characteristics were calculated for each functional additive from the analytical standard samples of polystyrene. The method of GPC determination of polymeric functional additives in diesel fuel, along with the concentration characteristics, also makes it possible to determine the molecular weight parameters of wide range of polymeric functional additives; therefore, it is promising for monitoring the quality of the diesel fuel. The proposed analytical scheme was tested in the analysis of real sample of diesel fuel. The GPC scheme for the determination of the “Keroflux 3699” depressant-dispersant additive in diesel fuel included sample preparation using the solid-phase extraction, calibration of the chromatographic system using the standard polystyrene samples, GPC determination of additive components, and the calculation of molecular weight characteristics. The molecular weight characteristics of the “Keroflux 3699” depressant dispersant additive in diesel fuel have been established - the number average and weight average molecular weights equivalent to polystyrene were 10,300 and 8800 Da respectively, and the polydispersity index of the additive was 1.17.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Wojtyniak, Małgorzata, Wiesław Olszewski, and Grzegorz Wronka. "Lubricity additives for motor fuels." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, no. 12 (December 31, 2018): 720–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.485.

Full text

Abstract:

The paper describes the origin of insufficient lubricity properties of motor fuels, the essence of the problem and laboratory test methods applied to determine fuel lubricity. Ways applied by fuel industry to enhance lubricity are presented. There was also carried out a patent analysis concerning lubricity additives and fuel compositions. The anti-wear behaviour of lubricity enhancers, their types and possible undesirable effects were described.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Kazakov, Petar, Atanas Iliev, and Emil Marinov. "DIESEL ENGINE OPERATION IN USE OF FUEL WITH ADDITIVES." International Conference on Technics, Technologies and Education, no. 1 (2018): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/ictte.01.003.

Full text

Abstract:

Over the decades, more attention has been paid to emissions from the means of transport and the use of different fuels and combustion fuels for the operation of internal combustion engines than on fuel consumption. This, in turn, enables research into products that are said to reduce fuel consumption. The report summarizes four studies of fuel-related innovation products. The studies covered by this report are conducted with diesel fuel and usually contain diesel fuel and three additives for it. Manufacturers of additives are based on already existing studies showing a 10-30% reduction in fuel consumption. Comparative experimental studies related to the use of commercially available diesel fuel with and without the use of additives have been performed in laboratory conditions. The studies were carried out on a stationary diesel engine СМД-17КН equipped with brake КИ1368В. Repeated results were recorded, but they did not confirm the significant positive effect of additives on specific fuel consumption. In some cases, the factors affecting errors in this type of research on the effectiveness of fuel additives for commercial purposes are considered. The reasons for the positive effects of such use of additives in certain engine operating modes are also clarified. Key words: diesel fuel, diesel fuel additives, engine efficiency.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

TKACZYK, Marcin, Maria SKRĘTOWICZ, and Konrad KRAKOWIAN. "Analysis of influence of using catalyst and polar additives on engine performance and exhaust emission." Combustion Engines 177, no. 2 (May 1, 2019): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2019-201.

Full text

Abstract:

In the paper researches of influence of using catalyst and polar additives on engine performance and emission of exhaust were carried out. The tests were made on diesel engine DuraTorq-TDDi/TDCi 16v with a capacity of 1998cm3 produced by Ford company. Two additives were investigated: FMAX – catalytic additive to fuel and HDOS – polar additive to lubricating oil in different proportions. The results indicated that using tested additives has a positive effect on exhaust composition (lower concentrations of nitrogen oxides, soot and carbon monoxide) and also decreased fuel consumption.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Alexanyan, K. G., O. A. Stokolos, E. V. Solodova, Y. N. Zaytceva, S. Y. Salmanov, N. R. Yarullin, A. V. Naletova, and E. R. Mikhailov. "THE HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT AND APPLYING OF ANTIOXIDANT ADDITIVES FOR FUEL AND OIL." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENIY KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 61, no. 9-10 (October 22, 2018): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20186109-10.5848.

Full text

Abstract:

The history of development and improvement of antioxidant additives develops and changes as the development of the engineering industry and in petrochemistry. This article describes the importance of additives for fuels and oils. The requirements for the quality of fuel have become much stricter, in connection with both environmental requirements and the requirements for the operation of the car. As a rule, new additives are developed because the technology is improved and developed and because of environmental standards become more stringent. The article presents the proposed mechanism of action of additives in the fuel. Today, there is a trend in the production of engines that operate at higher temperatures and it expects that the content of antioxidant additives will grow, and it will be use in the systems with higher temperatures. Analysis of world literature over the past 30 years has shown that in the process of creating effective additives for fuels and oils, the possibility of using numerous organic compounds for this purpose was a investigated. The possibility of using for this purpose numerous organic compounds was used. Without exaggeration, we can say that all classes of organic compounds containing various functional groups are used like additives. As an effective antioxidant additive for fuels and oils is phenol-type additives and alkylphenol isomers. It’s effect depends on the position of the alkyl radical in the benzene ring, significantly improve the performance, since the mechanism of action (radical-type antioxidants) is to transfer the free radical from the active peroxide molecule to the phenol molecule to form a low-active, highly shielded radical on the oxygen atom of phenol. For citation: Alexanyan K.G., Stokolos O.A., Solodova E.V., Zaytseva Y.N., Salmanov S.Yu., Yarullin N.R., Naletova A.V., Mikhailov E.R. History of development and applying of antioxidant additives for fuel and oil. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N 9-10. P. 120-125

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Kazakov, Petar, Atanas Iliev, and Emil Marinov. "DIESEL ENGINE OPERATION IN USE OF FUEL WITH ADDITIVES." International Conference on Technics, Technologies and Education, no. 1 (2018): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/10.15547/ictte.2018.01.003.

Full text

Abstract:

Over the decades, more attention has been paid to emissions from the means of transport and the use of different fuels and combustion fuels for the operation of internal combustion engines than on fuel consumption. This, in turn, enables research into products that are said to reduce fuel consumption. The report summarizes four studies of fuel-related innovation products. The studies covered by this report are conducted with diesel fuel and usually contain diesel fuel and three additives for it. Manufacturers of additives are based on already existing studies showing a 10-30% reduction in fuel consumption. Comparative experimental studies related to the use of commercially available diesel fuel with and without the use of additives have been performed in laboratory conditions. The studies were carried out on a stationary diesel engine СМД-17КН equipped with brake КИ1368В. Repeated results were recorded, but they did not confirm the significant positive effect of additives on specific fuel consumption. In some cases, the factors affecting errors in this type of research on the effectiveness of fuel additives for commercial purposes are considered. The reasons for the positive effects of such use of additives in certain engine operating modes are also clarified.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Yang, Tsun Lirng, and Cheng Wei Lin. "An Experiment Study of the Effect for the Fuel Additive Using in Fishing Vessels Light Diesel Engine Performance." Advanced Materials Research 734-737 (August 2013): 2386–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.734-737.2386.

Full text

Abstract:

In this study, the vertical single cylinder YANMAR YDG3700N diesel engine power generator is used to find out the physical changes external to the engine under different fuel consumption rates and loads. The fuels used are what a Class A fishing vessel uses, which is blended with four different fuel additives available on the market to compare the combustion of the fuels with the addition of the additives in an attempt to find out the effect on the engine. The result of the experiment shows measurable external physical properties of the engine and fuel consumption rates under the combustion with fuels added with different additives in different proportions under different loading: the changes in engine speed and temperature of the exhaust will serve as a reference for choosing different fuel additives in the market and for better understanding of the properties of the fuel additives.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Kofanov, A., A. Vasilkevich, V. Kofanova, K. Tkachuk, V. Tverdaya, and A. Belous. "INCREASING THE STABILITY OF DIESEL FUELS WITH STABILIZING ADDITIVES, ADDITIVES AND POLYFUNCTIONAL FUEL COMPOSITIONS." Scientific bulletin of the Tavria State Agrotechnological University 11, no. 1 (2021): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.31388/2220-8674-2021-1-5.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Goodings, John M., Diethard K. Bohme, Kamal Elguindi, and Arnold Fox. "Sulphur anion chemistry in hydrocarbon flames with H2S, OCS, and SO2 additives." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 64, no. 4 (April 1, 1986): 689–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v86-110.

Full text

Abstract:

A premixed, fuel-rich, methane–oxygen flame at atmospheric pressure was doped separately with 0.2 mol% of H2S, OCS, and SO2 to probe the behaviour of fuel sulphur during combustion. These three additives represent compounds occurring early, intermediate, and late in the oxidation sequence of fuel sulphur. They are chemically ionized in the reaction zone of a hydrocarbon flame to give large signals of sulphurous negative ions. Those detected include S−, SH−, SO− (uncertain), SO2− (S2−), SO3−, HSO3−, CH3O−•SO2, SO4− (S2O2−, S3−), and HSO4−. Ion concentration profiles of these ions were measured along the conical flame axis by sampling the flame into a mass spectrometer. The shapes of the profiles are insensitive to the nature of the additive, but their relative magnitudes are indicative of the additive's position in the sulphur oxidation sequence. For each additive, the very large HSO4− signal has analytical implications as an indicator for total fuel sulphur. The sulphurous anion chemistry is discussed for each additive in terms of roughly twenty ion (electron)-molecule reactions of six basic types, whose rate constants were known previously, or were measured at room temperature using the York flowing afterglow apparatus.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Ervin, J. S., T. F. Williams, S. P. Heneghan, and S. Zabarnick. "The Effects of Dissolved Oxygen Concentration, Fractional Oxygen Consumption, and Additives on JP-8 Thermal Stability." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 119, no. 4 (October 1, 1997): 822–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2817060.

Full text

Abstract:

Since dissolved oxygen participates in fuel deposit formation, knowledge of the effects of dissolved oxygen concentration on fuel thermal stability is critical for fuel system design. In this work, the combined effects of dissolved oxygen availability and additives on jet fuel thermal stability are studied. Experiments with JP-8 jet fuel were conducted in a three-part heat exchanger that simulated a complex thermal and flow environment. The dissolved oxygen content at the flow inlet was varied, and deposition was studied under conditions of either fractional or complete oxygen consumption. The effects of a thermal stability additive package were also studied. An intriguing result found with JP-8 fuels is an increase in deposits formed in heated regions for decreased oxygen consumption, but inverse behavior with the additive package.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Cisek, Jerzy, Szymon Lesniak, Winicjusz Stanik, and Włodzimierz Przybylski. "The Synergy of Two Biofuel Additives on Combustion Process to Simultaneously Reduce NOx and PM Emissions." Energies 14, no. 10 (May 12, 2021): 2784. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14102784.

Full text

Abstract:

The article presents the results of research on the influence of two fuel additives that selectively affect the combustion process in a diesel engine cylinder. The addition of NitrON® reduces the concentration of nitrogen oxides (NOx), due to a reduction in the kinetic combustion rate, at the cost of a slight increase in the concentration of particulate matter (PM) in the engine exhaust gas. The Reduxco® additive reduces PM emissions by increasing the diffusion combustion rate, while slightly increasing the NOx concentration in the engine exhaust gas. Research conducted by the authors confirmed that the simultaneous use of both of these additives in the fuel not only reduced both NOx and PM emissions in the exhaust gas but additionally the reduction of NOx and PM emissions was greater than the sum of the effects of these additives—the synergy effect. Findings indicated that the waveforms of the heat release rate (dQ/dα) responsible for the emission of NOx and PM in the exhaust gas differed for the four tested fuels in relation to the maximum value (selectively and independently in the kinetic and diffusion stage), and they were also phase shifted. Due to this, the heat release process Q(α) was characterized by a lower amount of heat released in the kinetic phase compared to fuel with NitrON® only and a greater amount of heat released in the diffusion phase compared to fuel with Reduxco® alone, which explained the lowest NOx and PM emissions in the exhaust gas at that time. For example for the NOx concentration in the engine exhaust: the Nitrocet® fuel additive (in the used amount of 1500 ppm) reduces the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas by 18% compared to the base fuel. The addition of a Reduxco® catalyst to the fuel (1500 ppm) unfortunately increases the NOx concentration by up to 20%. On the other hand, the combustion of the complete tested fuel, containing both additives simultaneously, is characterized, thanks to the synergy effect, by the lowest NOx concentration (reduction by 22% in relation to the base). For example for PM emissions: the Nitrocet® fuel additive does not significantly affect the PM emissions in the engine exhaust (up to a few per cent compared to the base fuel). The addition of a Reduxco® catalyst to the fuel greatly reduces PM emissions in the engine exhaust, up to 35% compared to the base fuel. On the other hand, the combustion of the complete tested fuel containing both additives simultaneously is characterized by the synergy effect with the lowest PM emission (reduction of 39% compared to the base fuel).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Zhao, Nana, Zhiqing Shi, Régis Chenitz, François Girard, and Asmae Mokrini. "Effects of 1, 2, 4-Triazole Additive on PEM Fuel Cell Conditioning." Membranes 10, no. 11 (October 22, 2020): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes10110301.

Full text

Abstract:

Melt processing is one of the essential technologies for the mass production of polymer electrolyte membranes (PEM) at low cost. Azoles have been widely used in PEM to improve their conductivity at a relatively low humidity and recently as bifunctional additives in a melt blowing processing for PEM mass production. In this work, we attempted to assess the effect of 1, 2, 4-triazole additive in membranes and in catalyst layers on PEM fuel cell conditioning. Various characterization tools including electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and conditioning with constant current were applied to diagnose the temporary electrochemical reaction effect and the permanent performance loss caused by the triazole additives. It was found that triazole additives in membranes could migrate into the catalyst layers and significantly affect the open circuit voltage (OCV) and the conditioning. The effect could be partially or completely removed/cleaned either through longer conditioning time or via CV cycling, which depends on the amount of additives remaining in the membrane. The findings provide valuable scientific insights on the relevance of post treatment steps during membrane production and overcoming fuel cell contamination issues due to residual additive in the membranes and understanding the quality control needed for fuel cell membranes by melt blowing processing.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

YAMADA, Hiroyuki, Masataka YOSHII, and Atsumu TEZAKI. "Controlling Mechanism of Ignition Enhancing and Suppressing Additives in Premixed Compression Ignition(HCCI, Effect of Fuel and Additives)." Proceedings of the International symposium on diagnostics and modeling of combustion in internal combustion engines 2004.6 (2004): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jmsesdm.2004.6.213.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Zvereva, E. R., R. V. Khabibullina, and O. S. Zueva. "Nano Additives Influence on Fuel Oil Properties." Solid State Phenomena 265 (September 2017): 374–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.265.374.

Full text

Abstract:

The experimental investigations of the dynamic viscosity of the M100 brand heavy fuel oil with addition of nanostructured additives at temperatures of 65 °C and 75 °C have been presented. The study of the dynamic viscosity conducted for M100 fuel oil sample with the addition of a suspension of carbon nanotubes dispersed in diproksamin (concentration of 0.0125 wt.% CNT + 0.5 wt.% diproksamin) showed its decrease in almost the entire range of shear rates. The reduction in viscosity was observed even at low shear rates, which indicates the absence of extensive spatial structure in the oil heterogeneous system. Thus, the additive based on carbon nanotubes dispersed in diproksamin, improves the rheological properties of oil, reducing its viscosity to 12-15%. Therefore the energy consumption for fuel oil heating and pumping through pipelines can be reduced.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Gavhane, R. S., A. M. Kate, Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar, V. D. Wakchaure, Sagar Balgude, I. M. Rizwanul Fattah, Nik-Nazri Nik-Ghazali, et al. "Influence of Silica Nano-Additives on Performance and Emission Characteristics of Soybean Biodiesel Fuelled Diesel Engine." Energies 14, no. 5 (March 9, 2021): 1489. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14051489.

Full text

Abstract:

The present study examines the effect of silicon dioxide (SiO2) nano-additives on the performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled with soybean biodiesel. Soybean biofuel was prepared using the transesterification process. The morphology of nano-additives was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The Ultrasonication process was used for the homogeneous blending of nano-additives with biodiesel, while surfactant was used for the stabilisation of nano-additives. The physicochemical properties of pure and blended fuel samples were measured as per ASTM standards. The performance and emissions characteristics of different fuel samples were measured at different loading conditions. It was found that the brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) increased by 3.48–6.39% and 5.81–9.88%, respectively, with the addition of SiO2 nano-additives. The carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC) and smoke emissions for nano-additive added blends were decreased by 1.9–17.5%, 20.56–27.5% and 10.16–23.54% compared to SBME25 fuel blends.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Jarviste, R. T., R. T. Muoni, J. H. Soone, and H. J. Riisalu. "Fuel additives based on shale oil." Solid Fuel Chemistry 41, no. 5 (October 2007): 316–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0361521907050096.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Suppes, G. J., M. Goff, M. L. Burkhart, K. Bockwinkel, M. H. Mason, J. B. Botts, and J. A. Heppert. "Multifunctional Diesel Fuel Additives from Triglycerides." Energy & Fuels 15, no. 1 (January 2001): 151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef000122c.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Reichhardt, Tony. "Fuel additives put under scrutiny — again." Nature 397, no. 6715 (January 1999): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/16325.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Danilov, A. M. "A New Look at Fuel Additives." Petroleum Chemistry 60, no. 2 (February 2020): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0965544120020036.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Tracy, Noah I., Daichuan Chen, Daniel W. Crunkleton, and Geoffrey L. Price. "Hydrogenated monoterpenes as diesel fuel additives." Fuel 88, no. 11 (November 2009): 2238–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2009.02.002.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Yi Linn, Cheah, Mohd Radzi Abu Mansor, and Zul Ilham. "Performance and Emission of B100 Biodiesel with Various Additives in Direct Injection Diesel Engine." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 80, no. 1 (February 10, 2021): 24–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.80.1.2436.

Full text

Abstract:

Alternative fuels for diesel engines have become highly important in the automotive industry due to the depleting fossil fuel sources and increased environmental concerns. Biodiesel fuel has a good combustion characteristic because of their long-chain hydrocarbon structure but the higher density and viscosity of the fuel can contribute to several engine problems such as low atomization, carbon deposit formation and injector clogging. The production of biodiesel with additives can help with the performance and emissions of diesel engines. There are many types of additives on the market but the extent of the additives on engine performance is unknown and lack of research has been done in studying the performance, emissions and fuel consumption together with B100 biodiesel. In this research, there are five types of B100 palm oil methyl ester biodiesel with various additive compositions need to be identified. The density, viscosity and calorific value of biodiesel samples were measured to study the thermo-physical properties as a simulation input. Simulation of the combustion engine is conducted using CONVERGE CFD software; based on single-cylinder, direct injection, YANMAR TF90 diesel engine parameters to study on the combustion characteristics and exhaust emissions. The simulation results were compared with the experiment results. From the simulations, biodiesel with diethyl ester and n-butanol additives give better results compared to other additives because the present of n-butanol PME is believed to reduce CO, CO2 and NOx emissions while diethyl ether can improve the spray characteristics when it blends with B100 biodiesel due to its low density and viscosity.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

CHOI, SEUNG-HUN, and YOUNG-TAIG OH. "ANALYSIS OF OXYGENATED COMPONENT (BUTYL ETHER) AND EGR EFFECT ON A DIESEL ENGINE." International Journal of Modern Physics B 24, no. 15n16 (June 30, 2010): 2844–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979210065738.

Full text

Abstract:

Potential possibility of the butyl ether (BE, oxygenates of di-ether group) was analyzed as an additives for a naturally aspirated direct injection diesel engine fuel. Engine performance and exhaust emission characteristics were analyzed by applying the commercial diesel fuel and oxygenates additives blended diesel fuels. Smoke emission decreased approximately 26% by applying the blended fuel (diesel fuel 80 vol-% + BE 20vol-%) at the engine speed of 25,000 rpm and with full engine load compared to the diesel fuel. There was none significant difference between the blended fuel and the diesel fuel on the power, torque, and brake specific energy consumption rate of the diesel engine. But, NOx emission from the blended fuel was higher than the commercial diesel fuel. As a counter plan, the EGR method was employed to reduce the NOx . Simultaneous reduction of the smoke and the NOx emission from the diesel engine was achieved by applying the BE blended fuel and the cooled EGR method.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Trofimov, I. L., M. M. Svirid, S. V. Boichenko, A. V. Yakovlieva, S. V. Ternovenko, and M. Bartosh. "STUDY OF ANTI-WEAR PROPERTIES OF BLENDED JET FUELS BASED ON CAMELINA OIL ETHYL ESTERS." Energy Technologies & Resource Saving, no. 4 (December 20, 2019): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33070/etars.4.2019.03.

Full text

Abstract:

Presented studies are related to the spheres of aviation and machine-building. Anti-wear properties of conventional jet fuel, fatty acids ethyl esters bio-additives derived from camelina oil and their blends were investigated experimentally. It was found that lubricity of bio-additive is significantly higher comparing to conventional oil-derived jet fuel. It was found that addition of bio-additive into the composition of jet fuel leads to strengthening of boundary film, decreasing of friction coefficient and improvement of anti-wear properties of fuel blends. The mechanism of fatty acids esters influence on improvement of anti-wear properties of jet fuel was substantiated. It was shown that camelina oil fatty acids esters positively influence on lubricating ability of oil-derived jet fuels and may be used in order to improve anti-wear properties of conventional jet fuels. Ref. 15, Fig. 2, Tabl. 1.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Zhu, Ren Cheng, Xiao Feng Bao, Xin Yue, and Ming Jia. "Experimental Study on the Influence of Gasoline Additives on Emission and Deposits of Light-Duty Vehicle." Advanced Materials Research 1092-1093 (March 2015): 191–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1092-1093.191.

Full text

Abstract:

Qualified gasoline additive could improve the vehicle emission, fuel economy and deposits in engine. However, some people consider that additive plays a little role in the gasoline, for the quality of additives is still quite uneven on the market. This paper researched the influence of additives on complete-vehicle emission by adding 10 different market additives into gasoline, respectivly. Then one qualified additive was chosen and blended into base oil to do road running test with driving 1.2 × 104 km on a light-duty vehicle. The results show that vehicle emissions could decreased 15% averagely and deposits in engine can be cleaned obviously with qualified additive.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Demirbas, K., and A. Sahin-Demirbas. "Gasoline Fuel Blends for Otto Engines and Gasoline Fuel Additives." Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy 5, no. 3 (June 30, 2010): 243–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15567240701759859.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Palash, S. M., M. A. Kalam, H. H. Masjuki, and B. M. Masum. "Impacts of N, N'-diphenyl-1, 4-phenylenediamine (DPPD) Antioxidant Additive in Jatropha Biodiesel Blends to Reduce NO_x Emission of a Multi Cylinder Vehicle Type Diesel Engine." Advanced Materials Research 774-776 (September 2013): 784–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.774-776.784.

Full text

Abstract:

To meet stringent exhaust emission norms worldwide, various exhaust pre-treatment and post-treatment techniques have been employed in modern engines. Using antioxidant additives in biodiesel fuels is a promising and effective NOx reduction technology. Non-edible jatropha oil based methyl ester was produced and blended with conventional diesel. Five fuel samples (Diesel, JB5, JB5DPPD0.15%, JB15 and JB15DPPD0.15%) were tested for their use as substitute fuel for a radiator-cooled four cylinder diesel engine. Experiment results show that DPPD antioxidant additive could be reduced NOx emission significantly with slight penalty on engine performance as well as CO and HC emission. However, when compared to diesel combustion the emissions of HC and CO were found nearly same or below. By addition of 0.15% (m) DPPD additive in JB5 and JB15 reduction of NOx emission were 12.68% and 13.36 % compared to biodiesel blends without additive at full throttle position. As conclusion, JB5 and JB15 with addition of 0.15% (m) can be used in four cylinder diesel engine to reduce NOx and consequently overcome the barrier to market expansion of biodiesel fuels.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Haidai, Olga, Vladimir Pilyavskiy, Yevgenij Shelud’ko, and Yevgenij Polunkin. "IMPROVEMENT OF PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF ETHANOL MOTOR FUELS THROUGH USE OF ADDITIVES BASED ON NANOSCALE CARBON CLUSTERS." EUREKA: Physics and Engineering 6 (November 30, 2016): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2016.00213.

Full text

Abstract:

A new way to overcome the disadvantages of ethanol motor fuels by introducing of multifunctional additives based on carbon nanoscale clusters in their composition is given. It is shown that the modified nanoclusters contribute to the formation of supramolecular structure of ethanol fuels in the form of solvent domains around the nanoparticles. Orientation local ordering of these supramolecular structures changes such physicochemical properties of oxygenate fuels as dielectric constant and the load-bearing capacity of the liquid phase in the dynamic mechanical load. The influence of synthetic carbon spheroidal clusters on the corrosive properties of ethanol fuels is studied. It is shown that by using small amounts (0.01 % wt.) of nanocluster-based additives in the composition of mixed fuel E–85 it is unnecessary to introduce the anticorrosion additives. The effect of nanocarbon clusters on the tribological properties of ethanol motor fuels is studied. A decrease in damage of the metal surface for friction pairs of the fuel pumps is observed with the introduction of carboxylic nanoclusters into the ethanol fuel. This indicates the occurrence of friction processes in the hydrodynamic regime due to the increased bearing capacity of the fuel. It is shown that the introduction of additives based on carbon nanoscale clusters into the ethanol fuel allows to create a high-performance motor fuel with improved performance.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

How, C. B., N. M. Taib, and M. R. A. Mansor. "Performance and Exhaust Gas Emission of Biodiesel Fuel with Palm Oil Based Additive in Direct Injection Compression Ignition Engine." International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering 16, no. 1 (March 16, 2019): 6173–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijame.16.1.2019.7.0469.

Full text

Abstract:

Blending biodiesel in the diesel would increase the tendency of having a high viscosity fuel. For this reason, the addition of a small amount of additives into the blends may improve the engine performance and lead to better fuel consumption. The purpose of this paper is to experimentally investigate the performance and emissions generated by various mixtures of biodiesel and diesel with palm oil based additive in the compression ignition direct injection diesel engine of Yanmar TF90. Experiments were also conducted to identify the ideal biodiesel, diesel and the additive mixture that produces the optimum engine emission and performance. The experiment was conducted by using mixtures that consisted of 10%, 20% and 30% of biodiesel with and without the additives. From the results of the experiments, PB10 with 0.8 ml additives produced the highest braking power and lowest fuel consumption as compared to the diesel and the rest of the biodiesel blends. The presence of biodiesel and additives were found to not only improve the engine performance, but also led to the reduction of carbon emission. Although all the diesel, biodiesel and additive demonstrated low smoke emission with a complete combustion, a slight increase however, was observed in the NOx emission. In conclusion, PB10 is seen as the most ideal blend for diesel engine in terms of providing the most optimum engine emission and performance.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Marion-Letellier, Rachel, Asma Amamou, Guillaume Savoye, and Subrata Ghosh. "Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Food Additives: To Add Fuel on the Flames!" Nutrients 11, no. 5 (May 18, 2019): 1111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11051111.

Full text

Abstract:

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) develop in genetically predisposed individuals in response to environmental factors. IBDs are concomitant conditions of industrialized societies, and diet is a potential culprit. Consumption of ultra-processed food has increased over the last decade in industrialized countries, and epidemiological studies have found associations between ultra-processed food consumption and chronic diseases. Further studies are now required to identify the potential culprit in ultra-processed food, such as a poor nutritional composition or the presence of food additives. In our review, we will focus on food additives, i.e., substances from packaging in contact with food, and compounds formed during production, processing, and storage. A literature search using PubMed from inception to January 2019 was performed to identify relevant studies on diet and/or food additive and their role in IBDs. Manuscripts published in English from basic science, epidemiological studies, or clinical trials were selected and reviewed. We found numerous experimental studies highlighting the key role of food additives in IBD exacerbation but epidemiological studies on food additives on IBD risk are still limited. As diet is a modifiable environmental risk factor, this may offer a scientific rationale for providing dietary advice for IBD patients.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Jones, E. G., W. J. Balster, and L. M. Balster. "Evaluation of the Effectiveness of a Metal Deactivator and Other Additives in Reducing Insolubles in Aviation Fuels." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 119, no. 4 (October 1, 1997): 830–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2817061.

Full text

Abstract:

Surface fouling in aircraft fuel lines resulting from autoxidation of aviation fuel leads to reduced efficiency as deposits collect on heat exchangers, nozzles, and servocontrols and may ultimately lead to system failure. Metal surfaces and trace quantities of metals dissolved in the fuel exacerbate the surface-fouling problem because they can catalyze free-radical initiation, thereby accelerating autoxidation. Additives and additive packages containing antioxidants, dispersants, and metal deactivators (MDA) have been shown to reduce insolubles in some fuels. Because of metal chelation and possible metal-surface passivation, MDA has been proposed as an additive component to be included in all fuels, even those without dissolved metals. The goal of the present study was to obtain fundamental information on the behavior of MDA under conditions where surface-passivation effects are minimal. Experiments have been conducted to (1) study the effects of adding MDA to fuels containing a significant concentration of dissolved metals (i.e., chelation) and to those containing minor concentrations of dissolved metals and (2) investigate interactions when MDA is used in conjunction with an antioxidant and a dispersant. Simple fuel-line-fouling simulations with a single-pass tubular heat exchanger operated under near-isothermal conditions have been conducted to study the thermal behavior at 185°C of several neat and MDA-treated jet fuels as well as fuels treated with MDA plus other additives. Comparison of neat and treated fuels is based on several criteria: (1) dependence of autoxidation on stress duration, (2) dependence of surface deposition on stress duration, and (3) quantity of total insolubles (bulk filterables and surface deposits). Potential advantages and disadvantages of using MDA alone and in combination are discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Ali, Obed M., and Rizalman Mamat. "Improving Engine Performance and Low Temperature Properties of Blended Palm Biodiesel Using Additives. A Review." Applied Mechanics and Materials 315 (April 2013): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.315.68.

Full text

Abstract:

After the oil crisis in 1973, renewable sources of energy are gianing more interest due to multiplicity feedstocks and lower pollution compared with fossil fuels. Wide agricultural lands through the world are not fully benefited. Therefore, farming should include the production of non-food products which are suitable to weather conditions of these lands. This leads to the production of biodiesels as renewable fuel for the domestic energy market, to reduce the dependence on fossil fuels. Biodiesel have gained a large interest of researches during the last few decades, the major reason to find an alternative fuel, is the increasing worry about the greenhouse gas effects and environmental regulations. Blended palm biodiesel with ordinary diesel fuel have been approved as a fuel for compression ignition engines without any modification. Palm biodiesel application is relatively limited to its poor cold flow properties characteristics. Many experimental studies are conducted to evaluate the influence of using different additives with Palm Oil Methyl Ester (POME) biodiesel/diesel blends on fuel properties (viscosity, cold properties, anticorrosiveness, cetane number, heat content, volatility) and engine performance. This article provides a literature survey on the effect of different additives to improve the fuel properties of palm biodiesel and engine performance. The review shows that the additive usage in palm biodiesel is accompanying for improving the cold flow properties and better engine performance as well emission regulation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Yamaya, Yukihisa, Masahiro Furutani, and Yasuhiko Ohta. "Advanced/Retarded Criterion on Ignition of Fuel/Air Mixtures with Formaldehyde Doping(HCCI, Effect of Fuel and Additives)." Proceedings of the International symposium on diagnostics and modeling of combustion in internal combustion engines 2004.6 (2004): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jmsesdm.2004.6.199.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Bennett, John. "Additives for Spark Ignition and Compression Ignition engine fuels." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 232, no. 1 (October 23, 2017): 148–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407017732265.

Full text

Abstract:

Fuel additives for automotive applications have been in use for almost as long as the automobile has existed. They provide significant benefits, both in making fuels fit for purpose and to deliver protection and performance benefits. Performance benefits can range from protection against degradation, through recovery of lost performance, all the way to enhanced engine function. This has become particularly important with the tension between increasingly stringent long emissions requirements, the encouragement of renewable biofuel content and the drive to improved engine efficiency and reduce fuel consumption. The paper discusses where performance fuel additives provide their benefits and how they are evolving to work with latest generations of fuel and engines, and provides an overview of the current and upcoming industry engine tests for fuels and their additives.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

KRZEMIŃSKI, Artur, Hubert KUSZEWSKI, Kazimierz LEJDA, and Adam USTRZYCKI. "Effect of dodecanol additive on auto-ignition properties of diesel oil and ethanol blends." Combustion Engines 170, no. 3 (August 1, 2017): 104–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2017-317.

Full text

Abstract:

In order to increase the possibility of utilizing ethanol to propel the combustion ignition engines, ethanol or methanol blends with diesel oil or other similar fuels are used. However, ethanol has a low solubility index in diesel fuel especially at low temperatures, which requires the use of additives to improve this feature. The paper presents the results of comparative tests of the derived cetane number of diesel fuel blend with ethanol and the addition of dodecanol which is used to improve the miscibility of ethanol with diesel fuel. The results of tests indicate that the effect of dodecanol additive in blended diesel fuel-ethanol on the auto-ignition properties of such fuel is negligible.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Jabraeili, Maryam, Razieh Pourdarbani, Bahman Najafi, and Ali Nematollahzadeh. "Modelling the Effects of Al2O3-SiO2 Nanocomposite Additive in Biodiesel–Diesel Fuel on Diesel Engine Performance Using Hybrid ANN-ABC." Acta Technologica Agriculturae 24, no. 1 (January 29, 2021): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ata-2021-0004.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Yearly, large amounts of waste cooking oil are produced, which are discharged to urban sewage system. However, majority of them is recyclable and can be re-used as biodiesel fuel. When using biodiesel fuels, one way to improve the engine performance is to use nano additives. This study investigates the biodiesel fuel with different ratios of Al2O3-SiO2 nanocomposite additive (Al0%-Si100%, Al25%-Si75%, Al50%-Si50%, Al75%-Si25% and Al100%-Si0%) at full load and four different nanocomposite concentrations (30, 60, 90 and 120 ppm). The Hybrid ANN-ABC modelling was conducted for two cases: a) finding and applying the most effective properties as network inputs; and b) total properties as inputs showed that the most effective properties have higher performance. The fuels B5Al60Si60 and B5Al9Si21 showed the highest brake power; the fuels B5Al0Si60 and B5Al120Si0 showed the lowest brake power, indicating that the interactions of nanoparticles in the composite mode had positive effects on brake power. The performance improvement using nano-composite additive was more than that of the nanoparticles individually.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Heneghan, S. P., S. Zabarnick, D. R. Ballal, and W. E. Harrison. "JP-8+100: The Development of High-Thermal-Stability Jet Fuel." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 118, no. 3 (September 1, 1996): 170–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2793859.

Full text

Abstract:

Jet fuel requirements have evolved over the years as a balance of the demands placed by advanced aircraft performance (technological need), fuel cost (economic factors), and fuel availability (strategic factors). In a modern aircraft, the jet fuel not only provides the propulsive energy for flight, but also is the primary coolant for aircraft and engine subsystems. To meet the evolving challenge of improving the cooling potential of jet fuel while maintaining the current availability at a minimal price increase, the U.S. Air Force, industry, and academia have teamed to develop an additive package for JP-8 fuels. This paper describes the development of an additive package for JP-8, to produce “JP-8+100.” This new fuel offers a 55°C (100°F) increase in the bulk maximum temperature (from 325°F to 425°F) and improves the heat sink capability by 50 percent. Major advances made during the development of JP-8+100 fuel include the development of several new quantitative fuel analysis tests, a free radical theory of autooxidation, adaptation of new chemistry models to computational fluid dynamics programs, and a nonparametric statistical analysis to evaluate thermal stability. Hundreds of additives were tested for effectiveness, and a package of additives was then formulated for JP-8 fuel. This package has been tested for fuel system materials compatibility and general fuel applicability. To date, the flight testing has shown an improvement in thermal stability of JP-8 fuel. This improvement has resulted in a significant reduction in fuel-related maintenance costs and a threefold increase in mean time between fuel-related failures. In this manner, a novel high-thermal-stability jet fuel for the 21st century has been successfully developed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Gurkan Aydin, S., O. Polat, A. Ozgen, and E. Turali. "Calculated Optimized Structure and Geometric Analysis of Oxygenated Fuel Additives: Alcohols and Ethers." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 10, no. 3 (June 7, 2020): 5632–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.3491.

Full text

Abstract:

Oxygenated fuel additives are added to gasoline in order to reduce the gases released from vehicle engines, to increase the octane number, and to expand the use of renewable resources. In this study, molecular and geometric analysis of oxygenated fuel additives was conducted theoretically and the energy values of optimized structures were calculated. The effect of molecular energy and the bond structure between C, H and O on the chemical and physical properties of some oxygen fuel additives were investigated. The obtained results will form the basis for future studies in obtaining more environmentally friendly fuels.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Fuel additives'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles