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Journal articles on the topic 'Fuel cells Gas-turbines. Heat exchangers'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 19 February 2022

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1

Magistri, L., A. Traverso, A. F. Massardo, and R. K. Shah. "Heat Exchangers for Fuel Cell and Hybrid System Applications." Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology 3, no. 2 (2005): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2173665.

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The fuel cell system and fuel cell gas turbine hybrid system represent an emerging technology for power generation because of its higher energy conversion efficiency, extremely low environmental pollution, and potential use of some renewable energy sources as fuels. Depending upon the type and size of applications, from domestic heating to industrial cogeneration, there are different types of fuel cell technologies to be employed. The fuel cells considered in this paper are mainly the molten carbonate (MCFC) and the solid oxide (SOFC) fuel cells, while a brief overview is provided about the pr

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Vasiliev, L., O. Filatova, and A. Tsitovich. "Application of sorption heat pumps for increasing of new power sources efficiency." Archives of Thermodynamics 31, no. 2 (2010): 21–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10173-010-0007-8.

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Application of sorption heat pumps for increasing of new power sources efficiencyIn the 21st century the way to increase the efficiency of new sources of energy is directly related with extended exploration of renewable energy. This modern tendency ensures the fuel economy needs to be realized with nature protection. The increasing of new power sources efficiency (cogeneration, trigeneration systems, fuel cells, photovoltaic systems) can be performed by application of solid sorption heat pumps, regrigerators, heat and cold accumulators, heat transformers, natural gas and hydrogen storage syste

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Lunghi, P., and S. Ubertini. "Efficiency Upgrading of an Ambient Pressure Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell Plant Through the Introduction of an Indirect Heated Gas Turbine." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 124, no. 4 (2002): 858–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1492839.

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The efficient end environmentally friendly production of electricity is undoubtedly one of the 21st century priorities. Since renewable sources will be able to guarantee only a share of the future demand, the present research activity must focus on innovative energy devices and improved conversion systems and cycles. Great expectations are reserved to fuel cell systems. The direct conversion from chemical to electrical energy eliminates environmental problems connected with combustion and bypass the stringent efficiency limit due to Carnot’s principle. Still in infancy, high-temperature fuel c

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Dekker, N. J. J., and G. Rietveld. "Highly Efficient Conversion of Ammonia in Electricity by Solid Oxide Fuel Cells." Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology 3, no. 4 (2006): 499–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2349536.

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Hydrogen is the fuel for fuel cells with the highest cell voltage. A drawback for the use of hydrogen is the low energy density storage capacity, even at high pressures. Liquid fuels such as gasoline and methanol have a high energy density but lead to the emission of the greenhouse gas CO2. Ammonia could be the ideal bridge fuel, having a high energy density at relative low pressure and no (local) CO2 emission. Ammonia as a fuel for the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) appears to be very attractive, as shown by cell tests with electrolyte supported cells (ESC) as well as anode supported cells (ASC

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Kim, Seon-Hwa, Byeong-Keun Choi, and Young-Su An. "FULL SCALE EXPERIMENT AND NUMERICAL ANALYSIS FOR THE PERFORMANCE OF HEAT EXCHANGER IN MOLTEN CARBONATE FUEL CELLS." Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 40, no. 5 (2016): 799–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-2016-0065.

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This study presents a numerical simulation of heat transfer and flow characteristics of the heat exchanger in molten carbonate fuel cell system. In this study, the actual size of the heat exchanger was simulated in order to avoid errors that can occur from the scale-down test, also the simulation gas (air) was verified with the heat duty of 800,000 kcal/hr. It is analyzed by using a commercial heat exchanger calculation code based upon the test condition. It is found that a reasonable agreement is obtained from comparison between the predicted results and the measured data. Furthermore, the ve

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Wiggins, J. O. "The “Axi-Fuge”—A Novel Compressor." Journal of Turbomachinery 108, no. 2 (1986): 240–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3262043.

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Modifying a simple-cycle gas turbine to include heat exchangers can improve its thermal efficiency significantly (as much as 20 percent). Advanced regenerative and intercooled regenerative gas turbines for marine application have recently been the subject of numerous studies, most of which have shown that lower fuel consumption can be achieved by adding heat exchangers to existing simple-cycle gas turbines. Additional improvements in thermal efficiency are available by increasing the efficiency of the turbomachinery itself, particularly that of the gas turbine’s air compressor. Studies by Cate

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Żyjewska, Urszula. "Rodzaje ogniw paliwowych i ich potencjalne kierunki wykorzystania." Nafta-Gaz 77, no. 5 (2021): 332–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18668/ng.2021.05.06.

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Fuel cells are not a new technology, but they are gaining in popularity and are being intensively developed. The article presents and characterizes various types of fuel cells that are currently of interest to research and development centers dealing with environmental protection issues. These include: alkaline fuel cell (AFC), phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC), solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC), proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), including direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC). The operating parameters of the previously mentioned fuel cells were compared. The

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Du, Li Ming. "Coupling Experiment of Compact Integrated Fuel Processors with 75kW PEM Fuel Cells." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 3066–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.3066.

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A compact autothermal reformer suitable for liquid fuel for instance methanol et al. was developed. The fuel reformer was combined with polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEM FC) and a system test of the process chain was successfully performed. The fuel processor consists of a fuel evaporating step, two-stage reformer and a two-stage reactor of water gas shift (WGS, one for high temperature water gas shift and the other for low temperature water gas shifter) and a four-stage preferential oxidation (PROX) reactor and some internal heat exchanger in order to achieve optimized heat integra

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Bapat, Chaitanya J., and Stefan T. Thynell. "Anisotropic Heat Conduction Effects in Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells." Journal of Heat Transfer 129, no. 9 (2006): 1109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2712478.

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The focus of this work is to study the effects of anisotropic thermal conductivity and thermal contact conductance on the overall temperature distribution inside a fuel cell. The gas-diffusion layers and membrane are expected to possess an anisotropic thermal conductivity, whereas a contact resistance is present between the current collectors and gas-diffusion layers. A two-dimensional single phase model is used to capture transport phenomena inside the cell. From the use of this model, it is predicted that the maximum temperatures inside the cell can be appreciably higher than the operating t

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Varbanov, Petar, Jiří Klemeš, Ramesh K. Shah, and Harmanjeet Shihn. "Power Cycle Integration and Efficiency Increase of Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell Systems." Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology 3, no. 4 (2005): 375–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2349515.

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A new view is presented on the concept of the combined cycle for power generation. Traditionally, the term “combined cycle” is associated with using a gas turbine in combination with steam turbines to better utilize the exergy potential of the burnt fuel. This concept can be broadened, however, to the utilization of any power-generating facility in combination with steam turbines, as long as this facility also provides a high-temperature waste heat. Such facilities are high temperature fuel cells. Fuel cells are especially advantageous for combined cycle applications since they feature a remar

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Jannelli, E., M. Minutillo, and E. Galloni. "Performance of a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell System Fueled With Hydrogen Generated by a Fuel Processor." Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology 4, no. 4 (2006): 435–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2756568.

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Fuel cells, which have seen remarkable progress in the last decade, are being developed for transportation, as well as for both stationary and portable power generation. For residential applications, the fuel cells with the largest market segment are the proton exchange membrane fuel cells, which are suitable for small utilities since they offer many advantages: high power density, small footprint, low operating temperature, fast start-up and shutdown, low emissions, and quiet operation. On the other hand, polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells require high purity hydrogen as fuel. Curr

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Massie, Darrell D., Daisie D. Boettner, and Cheryl A. Massie. "Residential Experience with Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Systems for Combined Heat and Power." Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology 2, no. 4 (2005): 263–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2041668.

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As part of a one-year Department of Defense demonstration project, proton exchange membrane fuel cell systems have been installed at three residences to provide electrical power and waste heat for domestic hot water and space heating. The 5kW capacity fuel cells operate on reformed natural gas. These systems operate at preset levels providing power to the residence and to the utility grid. During grid outages, the residential power source is disconnected from the grid and the fuel cell system operates in standby mode to provide power to critical loads in the residence. This paper describes les

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Hwang, J. J. "Heat Transfer in a Porous Electrode of Fuel Cells." Journal of Heat Transfer 128, no. 5 (2005): 434–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2175092.

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The thermal-fluid behaviors in a porous electrode of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) in contact with an interdigitated gas distributor are investigated numerically. The porous electrode consists of a catalyst layer and a diffusion layer. The heat transfer in the catalyst layer is coupled with species transports via a macroscopic electrochemical model. In the diffusion layer, the energy equations based on the local thermal nonequilibrium (LTNE) are derived to resolve the temperature difference between the solid phase and the fluid phase. Parametric studies include the Reynolds numb

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Castro Oliveira, Miguel, Muriel Iten, Pedro L. Cruz, and Helena Monteiro. "Review on Energy Efficiency Progresses, Technologies and Strategies in the Ceramic Sector Focusing on Waste Heat Recovery." Energies 13, no. 22 (2020): 6096. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13226096.

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Thermal processes represent a considerable part of the total energy consumption in manufacturing industry, in sectors such as steel, aluminium, cement, ceramic and glass, among others. It can even be the predominant type of energy consumption in some sectors. High thermal energy processes are mostly associated to high thermal losses, (commonly denominated as waste heat), reinforcing the need for waste heat recovery (WHR) strategies. WHR has therefore been identified as a relevant solution to increase energy efficiency in industrial thermal applications, namely in energy intensive consumers. Th

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Maximov, Maxim Olegovich. "EFFICIENCY OF THERMAL ENERGY GENERATION BY COGENERATION PLANTS DUE TO THE MAXIMUM USE OF HEAT." Globus: technical sciences 7, no. 2(38) (2021): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.52013/2713-3079-38-2-10.

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ignificant heat losses in centralized heating and hot water supply systems during the transportation of heat carriers lead to the need for decentralization of heat generating installations. It is shown that steam and gas installations for combined heat and power generation deserve the greatest attention. The ways of increasing the efficiency of cogeneration plants of various capacities based on CCGT by utilizing the heat of the heating system by installing recuperative heat exchangers on the return lines of the heating system after heating devices that are connected to the hot water supply net

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Spiegel, R. J. "System and Process for Production of Methanol from Combined Wind-Turbine and Fuel-Cell Power." Wind Engineering 27, no. 2 (2003): 121–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/03095240360698564.

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This study examines the integrated use of wind turbines, natural gas and high temperature fuel cells to produce methanol. The purpose is to produce transportation fuel from national local resources with the least polluting emissions. The fuel would displace petroleum imports and reduce greenhouse gas emissions by converting wind power, natural gas and fuel cell energy. The proposal includes the utilization of waste heat and exhaust gas (CO2) into clean liquid fuel (methanol) that is compatible with future vehicle technology based on fuel cells. Potential designs are presented and assessed for

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Tacconi, J., W. P. J. Visser, and D. Verstraete. "Multi-objective optimisation of semi-closed cycle engines for high-altitude UAV propulsion." Aeronautical Journal 123, no. 1270 (2019): 1938–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aer.2019.62.

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ABSTRACTThe maximum attainable performance of small gas turbines represents a strong limitation to the operating altitude and endurance of high-altitude unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Significant improvement of the cycle thermal efficiency can be achieved through the introduction of heat exchangers, with the consequent increase of the overall engine weight. Since semi-closed cycle engines can achieve a superior degree of compactness compared to their open cycle counterparts, their use can offset the additional weight of the heat exchangers. This paper applies semi-closed cycles to a high-alt

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Podhurska, V. Ya, I. D. Gorna, B. D. Vasyliv, R. V. Chepil, and O. P. Ostash. "Long-term oxidation resistance of titanium materials for hybrid fuel cells." Uspihi materialoznavstva 2021, no. 2 (2021): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/materials2021.02.035.

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Hybrid SOFC-MGT systems, which combine a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and a gas microturbine (MGT) are capable of generating clean energy with high efficiency. Compared to large turbines in aviation and other areas of mechanical engineering and energetics, the requirements for mechanical properties of MGT materials in SOFC may be less strong, but one of the most important is resistance to long-term oxidation. For SOFC materials it is considered that oxidation resistance test duration must be not less than 1000 h. In addition, today there is a tendency to developing average-temperature (550—650

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Fraas, Arthur P. "Using Vibrations in Fluidized Beds." Mechanical Engineering 120, no. 01 (1998): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1998-jan-7.

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This article focuses on processes that do not require a high flow rate of sweep gas; the complex-mode vibration-fluidized bed offers lower power needs, attrition rates, and elutriation rates than gas-fluidized beds or rotary kilns. The fluidized solids are induced to flow horizontally by inclining the trough and/or axis of vibration downward in the direction of solids flow. When viewing the operating region through a window in the side wall, the particles in the bed move in unison, like a column of marching soldiers. In light of the complexities and uncertainties in the interaction of adjacent

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Barclay, F. J. "Fundamental thermodynamics of fuel cell, engine, and combined heat and power system efficiencies." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 216, no. 6 (2002): 407–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095765002761034186.

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At the 2001 Grove Symposium on Fuel Cells attended by representatives of the world-wide fuel cell industry, fuel cells and fuel cells integrated with gas turbines were discussed. Combined heat and power (CHP) aspects were also discussed. Without exception, efficiency figures were irrationally based on the measured, Carnot-limited, lower calorific value (CV) of the fuel in energy units J. The rational basis, on the other hand, is the fuel chemical exergy (work units, Ws) calculated via an equilibrium diagram. In Joules experiment 1 Ws ≫ 1 J, where the irreversible ≫ must not become an = sign. A

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Lobachyov, K., and H. J. Richter. "Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Power Plant With Coal Gasification and Solid Oxide Fuel Cell." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 118, no. 4 (1996): 285–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2793875.

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The United States has extensive coal resources; thus, it is important to consider coal as a fuel for electric power production. This work presents a theoretical study of a novel high-efficiency coal-fired power plant. In the proposed combined cycle power plant, the Conoco coal gasification process is linked with solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) and state-of-the-art gas turbines. The overall efficiency of such a plant can be around 60 percent, considering realistic heat, pressure, and other losses in the different components of the plant. If an additional steam turbine is incorporated, the overall

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Song, Man Cun, Pu Cheng Pei, Peng Cheng Li, and Xia Zeng. "Pre-Heat and Start-Up Process of High Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell." Advanced Materials Research 746 (August 2013): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.746.173.

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High temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFC) advances the applications of fuel cells in automobile applications, and smooth start-up is one of the critical topics in researches. This work utilizes four pre-heat fluid mediums, i.e. water, silicone oil, liquid paraffin and air, to examine the pre-heat and start-up performance of single HT-PEMFC. Experimental temperature data at 10 different locations on upper side of bipolar plates matches well with that of simulation. The results show preheating in liquid phase meets the requirements of start-up, but leads to instability in th

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Kandlikar, Satish G., Jacqueline Sergi, Jacob LaManna, and Michael Daino. "Hydrogen Horizon." Mechanical Engineering 131, no. 05 (2009): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2009-may-3.

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This review focuses on the role of hydrogen technologies in transition from petroleum production to new fuel to power transportation system. At present, the looming crisis caused by the decline in petroleum production and the need to control greenhouse gas emissions exemplifies the need for new energy solutions. The key component of a hydrogen-powered transportation sector will be the proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell. PEM fuel cells use hydrogen and oxygen to generate electricity, with water and heat as by-products of the electro-chemical reaction. The review also discusses that to com

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Ma, Zheshu, and Jieer Wu. "Efficiency optimization of a closed indirectly fired gas turbine cycle working under two variable-temperature heat reservoirs." Archives of Thermodynamics 32, no. 2 (2011): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10173-011-0006-4.

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Efficiency optimization of a closed indirectly fired gas turbine cycle working under two variable-temperature heat reservoirsIndirectly or externally fired gas turbines (IFGT or EFGT) are interesting technologies under development for small and medium scale combined heat and power (CHP) supplies in combination with micro gas turbine technologies. The emphasis is primarily on the utilization of the waste heat from the turbine in a recuperative process and the possibility of burning biomass even "dirty" fuel by employing a high temperature heat exchanger (HTHE) to avoid the combustion gases pass

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Yuan, Jinliang, Masoud Rokni, and Bengt Sundén. "A NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF GAS FLOW AND HEAT TRANSFER IN PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANE FUEL CELLS." Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications 44, no. 3 (2003): 255–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/716100507.

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Lobachyov, K. V., and H. J. Richter. "Addition of Highly Efficient Bottoming Cycles for the Nth-Generation Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell Power Plant." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 119, no. 2 (1997): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2794972.

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An intermediate scale (2.0 MW gross) molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) power plant recently began operating in Santa Clara, California. The goal of the project is to demonstrate the possibility of long-term operation of MCFC stacks. The fuel cell stacks are the only source of electricity, which means a simple power plant system, and relatively low capital costs. This, however, results in substantial work losses in the plant, most of which come from the hot exhaust gas discharge. The predicted efficiency is a respectable 50 percent. In this paper, an exergy analysis is performed in order to stu

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Kim, Je-Deok, Akihiro Ohira, and Hidenobu Nakao. "Chemically Crosslinked Sulfonated Polyphenylsulfone (CSPPSU) Membranes for PEM Fuel Cells." Membranes 10, no. 2 (2020): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes10020031.

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Sulfonated polyphenylsulfone (SPPSU) with a high ion exchange capacity (IEC) was synthesized using commercially available polyphenylsulfone (PPSU), and a large-area (16 × 18 cm2) crosslinked sulfonated polyphenylsulfone (CSPPSU) membrane was prepared. In addition, we developed an activation process in which the membrane was treated with alkaline and acidic solutions to remove sulfur dioxide (SO2), which forms as a byproduct during heat treatment. CSPPSU membranes obtained using this activation method had high thermal, mechanical and chemical stabilities. In I-ViR free studies for fuel cell eva

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Chen, Zhenxiao, Derek Ingham, Mohammed Ismail, Lin Ma, Kevin J. Hughes, and Mohamed Pourkashanian. "Effects of hydrogen relative humidity on the performance of an air-breathing PEM fuel cell." International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow 30, no. 4 (2019): 2077–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hff-11-2018-0674.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of hydrogen humidity on the performance of air-breathing proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. Design/methodology/approach An efficient mathematical model for air-breathing PEM fuel cells has been built in MATLAB. The sensitivity of the fuel cell performance to the heat transfer coefficient is investigated first. The effect of hydrogen humidity is also studied. In addition, under different hydrogen humidities, the most appropriate thickness of the gas diffusion layer (GDL) is investigated. Findings The heat transfer coefficie

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Agrawal, Ram Kumar, and Kamal Kishore Khatri. "Comparison of Technological Options for Distributed Generation-Combined Heat and Power in Rajasthan State of India." Journal of Energy 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/712319.

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Distributed generation (DG) of electricity is expected to become more important in the future electricity generation system. This paper reviews the different technological options available for DG. DG offers a number of potential benefits. The ability to use the waste heat from fuel-operated DG, known as combined heat and power (CHP), offers both reduced costs and significant reductions of CO2emissions. The overall efficiency of DG-CHP system can approach 90 percent, a significant improvement over the 30 to 35 percent electric grid efficiency and 50 to 90 percent industrial boiler efficiency w

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Sazali, Norazlianie, Wan Norharyati Wan Salleh, Ahmad Shahir Jamaludin, and Mohd Nizar Mhd Razali. "New Perspectives on Fuel Cell Technology: A Brief Review." Membranes 10, no. 5 (2020): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes10050099.

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Energy storage and conversion is a very important link between the steps of energy production and energy consumption. Traditional fossil fuels are a natural and unsustainable energy storage medium with limited reserves and notorious pollution problems, therefore demanding a better choice to store and utilize the green and renewable energies in the future. Energy and environmental problems require a clean and efficient way of using the fuels. Fuel cell functions to efficiently convert oxidant and chemical energy accumulated in the fuel directly into DC electric, with the by-products of heat and

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d’Adamo, Alessandro, Matteo Riccardi, Massimo Borghi, and Stefano Fontanesi. "CFD Modelling of a Hydrogen/Air PEM Fuel Cell with a Serpentine Gas Distributor." Processes 9, no. 3 (2021): 564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9030564.

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Hydrogen-fueled fuel cells are considered one of the key strategies to tackle the achievement of fully-sustainable mobility. The transportation sector is paying significant attention to the development and industrialization of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) to be introduced alongside batteries, reaching the goal of complete de-carbonization. In this paper a multi-phase, multi-component, and non-isothermal 3D-CFD model is presented to simulate the fluid, heat, and charge transport processes developing inside a hydrogen/air PEMFC with a serpentine-type gas distributor. Model results

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Bolwell, Richard. "Understanding Royal Navy Gas Turbine Sea Water Lubricating Oil Cooler Failures When Caused by Microbial Induced Corrosion (“SRB”)." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 128, no. 1 (2004): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1926315.

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A managed program to review engine failures and take necessary preventative measures has been in place successfully in the Royal Navy since the introduction of gas turbines into service in the 1970s. One of the more prominent failure mechanisms with the Tyne RM1C and Spey SM1A engines has been the degradation of main line bearings accounting for 25% of all engines rejected. Historically, since the first recorded incident in March 1987, the failures pointed to poor performance of the bearings themselves. However, maintenance studies and recent analysis indicates that a vast proportion have occu

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Yaghoub Abdollahzadeh Jamalabadi, Mohammad, Milad Ghasemi, Rezvan Alamian, et al. "A 3D Simulation of Single-Channel High-Temperature Polymer Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Performances." Applied Sciences 9, no. 17 (2019): 3633. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9173633.

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The fuel cell is an electrochemical energy converter that directly converts the chemical energy of the fuel into electrical current and heat. The fuel cell has been able to identify itself as a source of clean energy over the past few decades. In order to achieve the durability and stability of fuel cells, many parameters should be considered and evaluated Therefore, in this study, a single-channel high-temperature polymer exchange membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFC) has been numerically simulated in three-dimensional, isothermal and single-phase approach. The distribution of the hydrogen and oxygen

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Kone, Jean-Paul, Xinyu Zhang, Yuying Yan, Guilin Hu, and Goodarz Ahmadi. "Three-dimensional multiphase flow computational fluid dynamics models for proton exchange membrane fuel cell: A theoretical development." Journal of Computational Multiphase Flows 9, no. 1 (2017): 3–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1757482x17692341.

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A review of published three-dimensional, computational fluid dynamics models for proton exchange membrane fuel cells that accounts for multiphase flow is presented. The models can be categorized as models for transport phenomena, geometry or operating condition effects, and thermal effects. The influences of heat and water management on the fuel cell performance have been repeatedly addressed, and these still remain two central issues in proton exchange membrane fuel cell technology. The strengths and weaknesses of the models, the modelling assumptions, and the model validation are discussed.

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Janes, Harry, James Cavazzoni, Guna Alagappan, David Specca, and Joseph Willis. "Landfill Gas to Energy: A Demonstration Controlled Environment Agriculture System." HortScience 40, no. 2 (2005): 279–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.2.279.

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A qualitative systems approach to controlled environment agriculture (CEA) is presented by means of several multi-institutional projects integrated into a demonstration greenhouse at the Burlington County Resource Recovery Complex (BCRRC), N.J. The greenhouse has about 0.4 ha of production space, and is located about 800 m from the about 40-ha BCRRC landfill site. A portion of the landfill gas produced from the BCRRC site is used for microturbine electricity generation and for heating the greenhouse. The waste heat from the turbines, which are roughly 15 m from the greenhouse, is used as the m

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Kwaśniewski, Tomasz, and Marian Piwowarski. "Design Analysis of Hybrid Gas Turbine‒Fuel Cell Power Plant in Stationary and Marine Applications." Polish Maritime Research 27, no. 2 (2020): 107–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pomr-2020-0032.

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AbstractThe paper concerns the design analysis of a hybrid gas turbine power plant with a fuel cell (stack). The aim of this work was to find the most favourable variant of the medium capacity (approximately 10 MW) hybrid system. In the article, computational analysis of two variants of such a system was carried out. The analysis made it possible to calculate the capacity, efficiency of both variants and other parameters like the flue gas temperature. The paper shows that such hybrid cycles can theoretically achieve extremely high efficiency over 60%. The most favourable one was selected for f

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Ghorbani, Bahram. "Development of an Integrated Structure for the Tri-Generation of Power, Liquid Carbon Dioxide, and Medium Pressure Steam Using a Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell, a Dual Pressure Linde-Hampson Liquefaction Plant, and a Heat Recovery Steam Generator." Sustainability 13, no. 15 (2021): 8347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158347.

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Due to the increase in energy consumption and energy prices, the reduction in fossil fuel resources, and increasing concerns about global warming and environmental issues, it is necessary to develop more efficient energy conversion systems with low environmental impacts. Utilizing fuel cells in the combined process is a method of refrigeration and electricity simultaneous production with a high efficiency and low pollution. In this study, a combined process for the tri-generation of electricity, medium pressure steam, and liquid carbon dioxide by utilizing a molten carbonate fuel cell, a dual

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Vitázek, I., J. Klúčik, D. Uhrinová, Z. Mikulová, and M. Mojžiš. "Thermodynamics of combustion gases from biogas." Research in Agricultural Engineering 62, Special Issue (2016): S8—S13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/34/2016-rae.

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Biogas as a respected source of renewable energy is used in various areas for heating or in power cogeneration units. It is produced by anaerobic fermentation of biodegradable materials. The utilization of biogas is wide – from process of combustion in order to obtain thermal energy, combined heat and power production, gas combustion engines, micro turbines or fuel cells up to trigeneration. Biogas composition depends on the raw material. The aim of this paper was to develop a new methodology; according to this methodology, by means of gas mixture thermodynamics and tabular exact parameters of

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d’Adamo, Alessandro, Giuseppe Corda, Stefano Fontanesi, and Massimo Borghi. "On the Effect of Complex Permeability and Thermal Material Properties for 3D-CFD Simulation of PEM Fuel Cells." TECNICA ITALIANA-Italian Journal of Engineering Science 65, no. 2-4 (2021): 378–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ti-ijes.652-435.

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Fuel cells are considered a key technology to decarbonize the power generation sector, thanks to the absence of pollutants emissions related to the direct chemical-electric energy conversion, their high global efficiency, and the possibility for on-board electricity production, overcoming the storage limits of batteries. An example of the renewed interest towards fuel cells is the research in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) in the automotive sector, as a candidate alternative to fossil fuels-fed internal combustion engines (ICEs). The complex interplay of electrochemical and physica

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Magerramova, L. A., Yu A. Nozhnitsky, S. A. Volkov, et al. "Prospects of application of additive technologies to develop parts and components of gas turbine engines and ramjets." VESTNIK of Samara University. Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering 18, no. 3 (2019): 81–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2541-7533-2019-18-3-81-98.

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The possibility of reducing the weight, simplifying the design, reducing the time and cost of development, production and operation are important advantages in the implementation of additive technologies (AT). The use of AT can significantly improve fuel efficiency, environmental and other characteristics of aircraft engines. The possibility of using AT in the production of various parts and components of engines is being currently investigated at CIAM. Examples of these developments, advantages of the use of AT and problems arising in the implementation of these technologies are presented in

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Giurcan, Venera, Codina Movileanu, Adina Magdalena Musuc, and Maria Mitu. "Laminar Burning Velocity of Biogas-Containing Mixtures. A Literature Review." Processes 9, no. 6 (2021): 996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9060996.

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Currently, the use of fossil fuels is very high and existing nature reserves are rapidly depleted. Therefore, researchers are turning their attention to find renewable fuels that have a low impact on the environment, to replace these fossil fuels. Biogas is a low-cost alternative, sustainable, renewable fuel existing worldwide. It can be produced by decomposition of vegetation or waste products of human and animal biological activity. This process is performed by microorganisms (such as methanogens and sulfate-reducing bacteria) by anaerobic digestion. Biogas can serve as a basis for heat and

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Vourdoubas, John. "Use of Distributed Electricity Generation Technologies in Hotels." International Journal of Global Sustainability 5, no. 1 (2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijgs.v5i1.18522.

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Distributed electricity generation technologies have increasing applications worldwide in various sectors due to their environmental and economic benefits. In the present study the use of these technologies in hotel industry is investigated. Various distributed electricity technologies, including co-generation of heat and power systems, are examined. Some of them are using renewable energies like solar energy, wind energy and biomass for electricity generation. Others are related with various co-generation systems including fuel cells. Many hotels require almost equal amounts of heat and elect

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Dyantyi, Noluntu, Adrian Parsons, Cordellia Sita, and Sivakumar Pasupathi. "PEMFC for aeronautic applications: A review on the durability aspects." Open Engineering 7, no. 1 (2017): 287–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2017-0035.

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AbstractProton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) not only offer more efficient electrical energy conversion, relative to on-ground/backup turbines but generate by-products useful in aircraft such as heat for ice prevention, deoxygenated air for fire retardation and drinkable water for use on-board. Consequently, several projects (e.g. DLR-H2 Antares and RAPID2000) have successfully tested PEMFC-powered auxiliary unit (APU) for manned/unmanned aircraft. Despite the progress from flying PEMFC-powered small aircraft with 20 kW power output as high as 1 000 m at 100 km/h to 33 kW at 2 558 m, 17

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Moradi, Ramin, Andrea Di Carlo, Federico Testa, Luca Del Zotto, Enrico Bocci, and Emanuele Habib. "Comparison between 1-D and grey-box models of a SOFC." E3S Web of Conferences 128 (2019): 01007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912801007.

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Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) have shown unique performance in terms of greater electrical efficiency and thermochemical integrity with the power systems compared to gas turbines and internal combustion engines. Nonetheless, simple and reliable models still must be defined. In this paper, a comparisonbetween a grey-box model and a 1-D model of a SOFC is performed to understand the impact of the heat transfer inside the cell on the internal temperature distribution of the solid electrolyte. Hence, a significant internal temperature peak of the solid electrolyte is observed for a known differen

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Riley, Derall M., Jiashen Tian, Gamze Güngör-Demirci, Patrick Phelan, J. Rene Villalobos, and Ryan J. Milcarek. "Techno-Economic Assessment of CHP Systems in Wastewater Treatment Plants." Environments 7, no. 10 (2020): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments7100074.

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Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) utilization of combined heat and power (CHP) systems allows for the efficient use of on-site biogas production, as well as increased annual savings in utility costs. In this paper, a review of biogas energy recovery options, CHP prime mover technologies, and the costs associated with biogas cleaning give a broad summary of the current state of CHP technology in WWTPs. Even though there are six different prime mover technologies, the main ones currently being implemented in WWTPs are micro turbines, fuel cells and reciprocating engines. Different prime movers o

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Coleman, K. E., N. J. Simms, P. J. Kilgallon, and J. E. Oakey. "Corrosion in Biomass Combustion Systems." Materials Science Forum 595-598 (September 2008): 377–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.595-598.377.

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There is growing concern over the effects of global warning. In response the power generation sector is having to consider a wider range of systems and fuels for use in generating heat and power. One of the classes of solid fuels that is being increasingly developed is biomass, which is regarded a both sustainable and carbon neutral. In fact, the term biomass covers a wide range of fuels from waste products, such as straw, forestry wastes and sawdust, through to purpose grown energy crops, such as coppiced willow and miscanthus. To maximise combustion plant efficiency it is necessary to use hi

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Schoonman, J., J. P. Dekker, J. W. Broers, and N. J. Kiwiet. "Solid State Ionics in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells." MRS Proceedings 210 (1990). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-210-13.

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AbstractDue to the high operating temperatures (900-1000 °C) the material demands upon Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) components are quite stringent. Preferably lower operating temperatures (700-800 °C) are desired so that gas feed lines, heat exchangers, and structure components can be fabricated from relatively cheap stainless steel components.Typically, the materials used in a SOFC are yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) as the solid electrolyte, nickel-zirconia cermet as the anode, strontium doped lanthanum manganite as the cathode, and magnesium doped lanthanum chromite as the interconnection

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Jehandideh, Sobhan, Hasan Hassanzade, and Seyyed Ehsan Shakib. "Environmental assessment of a hybrid system composed of solid oxide fuel cell, gas turbine and multiple effect evaporation desalination system." Energy & Environment, November 16, 2020, 0958305X2097357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958305x20973575.

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This study deals with a solid oxide fuel cell- gas turbine (SOFC-GT) hybrid system coupled with a multi-effect evaporation desalination plant with steam condensation. The environmental evaluation is also done due to the importance of waste energy recovery especially waste heat in power generation systems. The evaporation desalination plant is studied for using the excess heat to produce freshwater. The thermodynamic relationships governing different components of the system are first provided, including fuel cells, heat exchangers, gas turbine, and desalination plant. Next, given the absence o

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Iora, P., S. Campanari, and A. Salogni. "Off-Design Analysis of a MCFC-Gas Turbine Hybrid Plant." Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology 7, no. 3 (2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4000679.

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The paper presents a model for the off-design analysis of a hybrid plant based on a MCFC and a gas-turbine. The model is used to define a possible regulation strategy for the power plant, minimizing the performance decay at partial load and allowing investigation of the interaction issues among the different plant components. The hybrid plant reflects at nominal conditions the expected performances for the 500 kW-class MCFC plant proposed by Ansaldo Fuel Cells. The simulation is carried out respecting the matching of the gas-turbine and the part-load behavior of the fuel cell and the heat exch

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Campanari, Stefano, and Matteo Gazzani. "High Efficiency SOFC Power Cycles With Indirect Natural Gas Reforming and CO2 Capture." Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology 12, no. 2 (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4029425.

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Driven by the search for the highest theoretical efficiency, several studies have investigated in the last years the adoption of fuel cells (FCs) in the field of power production from natural gas with CO2 capture. Most of the proposed power cycles rely on high temperature FCs, namely, solid oxide FCs (SOFCs) and molten carbonate FCs (MCFCs), based on the concept of hybrid FC plus gas turbine cycles. Accordingly, high temperature FCs are integrated with a simple or modified Brayton cycle. As far as SOFCs are concerned, CO2 can be separated downstream the FC via a range of available technologies

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