Journal articles: 'Fuel injection systems'

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E, Abonyi Sylvester, Isidore Uju Uche, and Okafor Anthony A. "Performance of Fuel Electronic Injection Engine Systems." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-1 (December 31, 2017): 1165–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd8211.

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Wang, T. C., J. S. Han, X. B. Xie, M. C. Lai, N. A. Henein, E. Schwarz, and W. Bryzik. "Parametric Characterization of High-Pressure Diesel Fuel Injection Systems." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 125, no. 2 (April 1, 2003): 412–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1498268.

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The focus of the study described herein is the characterization of the high-pressure hydraulic electronic unit injector (HEUI) and of the electronic unit injector (EUI) diesel injection systems. The characterization items include injection pressure, injection rate, injector response time, needle lift, start up injection transient, and dynamic discharge coefficient of the nozzles. Macroscopic and microscopic spray visualizations were also performed. The effects of injection conditions and nozzle configurations on injection characteristics were reviewed. Nozzle sac pressure was measured to correlate with the up-stream injection pressure. A LabVIEW data acquisition and controls system was implemented to operate the injection systems and to acquire and analyze data. For an HEUI system, based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that common-rail pressure and length of the injection rate-shaping pipe determine the injection pressure, while the pressure rising rate and injection duration determine the peak injection pressure; it was also found that the nozzle flow area, common-rail pressure, and the length of the rate-shaping pipe are the dominating parameters that control the injection rate, and the rate shape is affected mainly by common-rail pressure, especially the pressure rising rate and length of the rate-shaping pipe. Both injection pressure and ambient pressure affected the spray tip penetration significantly. The penetration increased corresponding to the increase of injection pressure or decrease of ambient pressure. The variation of spray penetration depends on the type of injection system, nozzle configuration, and ambient pressure. The large penetration variation observed on the HEUI sprays could be caused by eccentricity of the VCO (valve-covered-orifices) nozzle. The variation of the mini-sac nozzle was 50% less than that of the VCO nozzle. The near-field spray behavior was shown to be highly transient and strongly depended on injector design, nozzle configuration, needle lift and oscillation, and injection pressure.

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Kumar, N. Sathish, and P. Govindasamy. "Design and Evaluation of Fuel Injector for Biodiesel Injections Using Sequential Fuel Injection." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 15, no. 2 (February 1, 2018): 690–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2018.7145.

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Introducing a fuel injector is a systems for explaining fuel keep on interior combustion engine and also in the automatically engine based vehicles for this procedure need diesel engine is a necessity while using petrol engines fuel injector is an different to the carburettor, mainly this work is used in spray nozzle may be this process of a fuel comes output cars consume. Biodiesel may produce the chemical function called Tran's esterification from the vegetable oil or animal fact oil glycerine should be removed this kind of the procedure may create two chemical reaction named as methyl ester and glycerine. Biodiesel is namely called as diesel fuel it has the pure form (B100) or blended with petroleum diesel. For many kind of the cars are mechanism in internal combustion (IC) the issues expend Sequential Fuel Injector (SFI) is similar called as timed injection it can remain generates. When the subsequent intake control device unlocks individually, nozzle self-sufficient and be the consumption regulator unties.

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Mata, Carmen, Jakub Piaszyk, José Antonio Soriano, José Martín Herreros, Athanasios Tsolakis, and Karl Dearn. "Impact of Alternative Paraffinic Fuels on the Durability of a Modern Common Rail Injection System." Energies 13, no. 16 (August 12, 2020): 4166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13164166.

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Common rail (CR) diesel fuel injection systems are very sensitive to variations in fuel properties, thus the impact of alternative fuels on the durability of the injection system should be investigated when considering the use of alternative fuels. This work studies a high-pressure CR (HPCR) diesel fuel injection system operating for 400 h in an injection test bench, using a fuel blend composed of an alternative paraffinic fuel and conventional diesel (50PF50D). The alternative fuel does not have aromatic components and has lower density than conventional diesel fuel. The injection system durability study was carried out under typical injection pressure and fuel temperature for the fuel pump, the common rail and the injector. The results show that the HPCR fuel injection system and its components (e.g., piston, spring, cylinder, driveshaft and cam) have no indication of damage, wear or change in surface roughness. The absence of internal wear to the components of the injection system is supported by the approximately constant total flow rate that reaches the injector during the whole the 400 h of the experiment. However, the size of the injector nozzle holes was decreased (approximately 12%), being consistent with the increase in the return fuel flow of the injector and rail (approximately 13%) after the completion of the study. Overall, the injection system maintained its operability during the whole duration of the durability study, which encourages the use of paraffinic fuels as an alternative to conventional diesel fuel.

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Huang, Q., B. Jones, and N. J. Leighton. "Hybrid Solid State Fluidic Technique in Engine Fuel Injection Systems." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 207, no. 1 (January 1993): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1993_207_157_02.

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This paper describes a multi-point fuel injection system utilizing fiuidic devices as fuel injector stages for spark ignition engines. The novel fuel injector unit consists of no-moving-part fluidic devices controlled by a solenoid valve interface and unique air/fuel mixing nozzles for good fuel atomization. The results of laboratory tests show that the fluidic device stage has a fast dynamic response and its on/off switching delay to the control flow signal is within 1 ms. A balanced fuel distribution at the four fluidic injector stages (for a four-cylinder engine) and well-atomized air/fuel mixture at the mixing nozzles were obtained from this injection system. The engine tests show that this fuel injection system provides an extended lean limit of the air/fuel mixture, 7 per cent improvement in fuel economy and 10 per cent reduction in hydrocarbon (HC) emissions compared with a base-line carburetted fuelling system due to the improved fuel distribution and air/fuel mixing quality by the multi-point fluidic injection system.

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ROSCA, Radu, Petru CÂRLESCU, Edward RAKOSI, and Gheorghe MANOLACHE. "Comparative analysis of two injection systems fueled with biodiesel." Combustion Engines 137, no. 2 (May 1, 2009): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-117195.

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The paper presents experimental results concerning the fueling of two injection systems for D.I. Diesel engines with Biodiesel fuels. The neat Biodiesel (B100) was obtained from waste vegetable oil (collected from a local branch of McDonald’s), using the base catalyzed method; diesel fuel was also used in order to test the injection equipments and obtain reference values. The fuel injection pumps used during the tests were RO-PES4A90D410RS2240 (romanian) and a Bosch type one (PES5MW55/320/RS/120403), with the corresponding high pressure fuel lines and injectors. The injection equipment was mounted on a MIRKOZ test bed, equipped with pressure transducers, rotation angle transducer and a BOSCH injection rate meter. The tests were developed at different pump speeds and displacements of the injection pump control rack. The following injection characteristics were investigated: cyclic fuel delivery, injection duration, pressure wave propagation time, average injection rate, peak injection pressure. For the both types of injection equipment, cyclic fuel delivery, injection duration and peak injection pressure increased when biodiesel was used as fuel (compared to Diesel fuel), while the average injection rate and pressure wave propagation time decreased.

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Simpson, Tyler, and Christopher Depcik. "Multiple Fuel Injection Strategies for Compression Ignition Engines." Energies 15, no. 14 (July 19, 2022): 5214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15145214.

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Until the early 1990s, the predominant method of fuel delivery for compression ignition engines was the mechanical pump-line-nozzle system. These systems typically consisted of a cam-driven pump that would send pressurized fuel to the fuel injectors where injection timing was fixed according to the pressure needed to overcome the spring pressure of the injector needle. These configurations were robust; however, they were limited to a single fuel injection event per thermodynamic cycle and respectively low injection pressures of 200–300 bar. Due to their limited flexibility, a poorly mixed and highly stratified air fuel mixture would result in and produce elevated levels of both nitrogen oxides and particulate matter. The onset of stringent emissions standards caused the advancement of fuel injection technology and eventually led to the proliferation of high-pressure common rail electronic fuel injection systems. This system brought about two major advantages, the first being operation at fuel pressures up to 2500 bar. This allowed better atomization and fuel spray penetration that improves mixing and the degree of charge homogenization of the air fuel mixture. The second is that the electronic fuel injector allows for flexible and precise injection timing and quantity while allowing for multiple fuel injection events per thermodynamic cycle. To supply guidance in this area, this effort reviews the experimental history of multiple fuel injection strategies involving both diesel and biodiesel fuels through 2019. Summaries are supplied for each fuel highlighting literature consensus on the mechanisms that influence noise, performance, and emissions based on timing, amount, and type of fuel injected during multiple fuel injection strategies.

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Khalid, Amir, Azwan Sapit, M. N. Anuar, Him Ramsy, Bukhari Manshoor, Izzuddin Zaman, and Zamani Ngali. "Analysis of Fuel Injection Parameter on Biodiesel and Diesel Spray Characteristics Using Common Rail System." Advanced Materials Research 974 (June 2014): 362–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.974.362.

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Precise control of fuel injection is essential in modern diesel engines especially in controlling the precise injection quantity, flexible injection timing, flexible rate of injection with multiple injections and high injection pressures. It was known that the fuel-air mixing is mainly influenced by the fuel injection system and injector nozzle characteristics. Thus, mixture formation during ignition process associated with the exhaust emissions. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of spray characteristics on the mixture formation. In this study, common rail injector systems with different model of injector were used to simulate the actual mixture formation inside the engine chamber. The optical visualization system was constructed with a digital video camera in order to investigate the detailed behavior of mixture formation. This method can capture spray penetration length, spray angle, spray evaporation and mixture formation process clearly. The spray characteristic such as the penetration length, spray angle and spray area are increasing when the injection pressure increased. The mixture formation can be improved effectively by increasing the injection pressure.

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Basavarajappa, D. N., N. R. Banapurmath, S. V. Khandal, and G. Manavendra. "Performance evaluation of common rail direct injection (CRDI) engine fuelled with Uppage Oil Methyl Ester (UOME)." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 4, no. 1 (February 15, 2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.4.1.1-10.

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For economic and social development of any country energy is one of the most essential requirements. Continuously increasing price of crude petroleum fuels in the present days coupled with alarming emissions and stringent emission regulations has led to growing attention towards use of alternative fuels like vegetable oils, alcoholic and gaseous fuels for diesel engine applications. Use of such fuels can ease the burden on the economy by curtailing the fuel imports. Diesel engines are highly efficient and the main problems associated with them is their high smoke and NOx emissions. Hence there is an urgent need to promote the use of alternative fuels in place of high speed diesel (HSD) as substitute. India has a large agriculture base that can be used as a feed stock to obtain newer fuel which is renewable and sustainable. Accordingly Uppage oil methyl ester (UOME) biodiesel was selected as an alternative fuel. Use of biodiesels in diesel engines fitted with mechanical fuel injection systems has limitation on the injector opening pressure (300 bar). CRDI system can overcome this drawback by injecting fuel at very high pressures (1500-2500 bar) and is most suitable for biodiesel fuels which are high viscous. This paper presents the performance and emission characteristics of a CRDI diesel engine fuelled with UOME biodiesel at different injection timings and injection pressures. From the experimental evidence it was revealed that UOME biodiesel yielded overall better performance with reduced emissions at retarded injection timing of -10° BTDC in CRDI mode of engine operation.

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Pourdarbani, Razieh, and Ramin Aminfar. "Theoretical study to determine the proper injection system for upgrading fuel system of diesel engine om357 to common rail system." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4 (September 24, 2018): 2594. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.17364.

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In this research, we tried to investigate all the fuel injection systems of diesel engines in order to select the most suitable fuel injection system for the OM357 diesel engine to achieve the highest efficiency, maximize output torque and reduce emissions and even reduce fuel consumption. The prevailing strategy for this study was to investigate the effect of injection pressure changes, injection timing and multi-stage injection. By comparing the engines equipped with common rail injection system, the proposed injector for engine OM357 is solenoid, due to the cost of this type of injector, MAP and controller (ECU). It is clear that this will not be possible only with the optimization of the injection system, and so other systems that influence engine performance such as the engine's respiratory system and combustion chamber shape, etc. should also be optimized.

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Alexa, Vasile, Sorin Ratiu, and Imre Kiss. "Laboratory assembly for analysis of fuel injection systems in the modern internal combustion engines." Analecta Technica Szegedinensia 8, no. 1 (January 11, 2014): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/analecta.2014.1.54-58.

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The complexity of the processes taking place in a system of fuel injection management for an internal combustion engine requires extra effort for a proper understanding of the operating principles. This paper is intended to be an intuitive practical application able to simulate the complex electronic control of injection, through a PC and specialized software. The application provides an intuitive and friendly analysis of the processes occurring during the operation of an injection computer. Moreover, the system allows the determination of the gasoline amount injected by the various types of fuel injectors, in a certain period of time and at different pressures of the fuel, depending on the load, speed and thermal regime of the engine. The laboratory assembly for a fuel injection system is intended as an experimental stand with exclusive didactical applicability. We want to observe the main characteristics of a fuel feeding and injection system, as the identification of components for the control system, data acquisition system and fuel injection system, the analysis of the different types of signals that can be used to actuate the injectors, the establishing the principles of injector operation in accordance with the control electronics, the visualization of the injection cadence and amount injected, depending on the engine speed and load, the programming of injection computers etc.

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Tutaj, Józef, and Bogdan Fijałkowski. "A New Fuel-Injection Mechatronic Control Method for Direct-Injection Internal Combustion Engines." Acta Mechanica et Automatica 12, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 276–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ama-2018-0042.

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Abstract In this paper, a novel fuel-injection mechatronic control method and system for direct injection (DI) internal combustion engines (ICE) is proposed. This method and system is based on the energy saving in a capacitance using DC-DC converter, giving a very fast ON state of the fuel injectors’ electro-magnetic fluidical valves without an application of the initial load current. A fuel-injection controller for the DI ICEs that provides a very short rising time of an electromagnet-winding current in an initial ON state of the fuel-injector’s electromagnetic fluidical valves, which improves a fuel-injection controller reliability and simplify its construction, is presented. Due to a number of advantages of afore -mentioned fuel-injection mechatronic control method and system, it may be utilised for the DI ICEs with fuel injectors dedicated to all types of liquid and/or gas fuels, for example, gasoline, diesel-oil, alkohol, LPG and NPG.

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Lešnik, Luka, Breda Kegl, Eloísa Torres-Jiménez, Fernando Cruz-Peragón, Carmen Mata, and Ignacijo Biluš. "Effect of the In-Cylinder Back Pressure on the Injection Process and Fuel Flow Characteristics in a Common-Rail Diesel Injector Using GTL Fuel." Energies 14, no. 2 (January 15, 2021): 452. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14020452.

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The presented paper aims to study the influence of mineral diesel fuel and synthetic Gas-To-Liquid fuel (GTL) on the injection process, fuel flow conditions, and cavitation formation in a modern common-rail injector. First, the influence on injection characteristics was studied experimentally using an injection system test bench, and numerically using the one-dimensional computational program. Afterward, the influence of fuel properties on internal fuel flow was studied numerically using a computational program. The flow inside the injector was considered as multiphase flow and was calculated through unsteady Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations using a Eulerian–Eulerian two-fluid approach. Finally, the influence of in-cylinder back pressure on the internal nozzle flow was studied at three distinctive back pressures. The obtained numerical results for injection characteristics show good agreement with the experimental ones. The results of 3D simulations indicate that differences in fuel properties influence internal fuel flow and cavitation inception. The location of cavitation formation is the same for both fuels. The cavitation formation is triggered regardless of fuel properties. The size of the cavitation area is influenced by fuel properties and also from in-cylinder back pressure. Higher values of back pressure induce smaller areas of cavitation and vice versa. Comparing the conditions at injection hole exit, diesel fuel proved slightly higher average mass flow rate and velocities, which can be attributed to differences in fluid densities and viscosities. Overall, the obtained results indicate that when considering the injection process and internal nozzle flow, GTL fuel can be used in common-rail injection systems with solenoid injectors.

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Glikin, P. E. "Fuel Injection in Diesel Engines." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Transport Engineering 199, no. 3 (July 1985): 161–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1985_199_154_01.

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In his address the Automobile Division Chairman develops the theme that fuel injection equipment is the heart of the diesel engine. He explains the task that the fuel injection equipment has to carry out and how this has been solved in the past. He describes some present-day systems and sets out the problems in optimizing the injection characteristics. Finally he points to future trends in this field and outlines some recent developments in electronic control of fuel injection.

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Allocca, Luigi, Daniele Davino, Alessandro Montanaro, and Ciro Visone. "Proof of Principle of a Fuel Injector Based on a Magnetostrictive Actuator." Actuators 10, no. 9 (September 14, 2021): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act10090237.

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One of the goals of modern internal combustion engines is the NOx-soot trade-off, and this would be better achieved by a better control of the fuel injection. Moreover, this feature can be also useful for high-performance hydraulic systems. Actual fuel injection technology either allows only the control of the injection time or it is based on very complex mechanical-hydraulic systems, as in the case of piezo-actuators. This work describes the basic steps that brought the authors to the realization of a concept fuel injector based on a Terfenol-D magnetostrictive actuator that could overcome the previous issues, being both simple and controllable. The study provides the design, development, and a feasibility analysis of a magnetostrictive actuator for fuel injection, by providing a basic magneto-static analysis of the actuator, the adaptation of a suitable standard fuel injector, and its experimental testing in a lab environment, with different shapes and amplitude of the reference signal to follow.

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Sim, Hansub, Kangyoon Lee, Namhoon Chung, and Myoungho Sunwoo. "A study on the injection characteristics of a liquid-phase liquefied petroleum gas injector for air-fuel ratio control." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 219, no. 8 (August 1, 2005): 1037–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440705x34621.

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Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is widely used as a gaseous fuel in spark ignition engines because of its considerable advantages over gasoline. However, the LPG engine suffers a torque loss because the vapour-phase LPG displaces a larger volume of air than do gasoline droplets. In order to improve engine power as well as fuel consumption and air-fuel ratio control, considerable research has been devoted to improving the LPG injection system. In the liquid-phase LPG injection systems, the injection rate of an injector is affected by the fuel temperature, injection pressure, and driving voltage. When injection conditions change, the air-fuel ratio should be accurately controlled in order to reduce exhaust emissions. In this study, correction factors for the fuel injection rate are developed on the basis of fuel temperature, injection pressure, and injector driving voltage. A compensation method to control the amount of injected fuel is proposed for a liquid-phase LPG injection control system. The experimental results show that the liquid-phase LPG injection system works well over the entire range of engine speeds and load conditions, and the air-fuel ratio can be accurately controlled by using the proposed compensation algorithm.

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Cho, Dong-Il Dan, and Hee-Keun Oh. "Variable Structure Control Method for Fuel-Injected Systems." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 115, no. 3 (September 1, 1993): 475–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2899125.

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A nonlinear control method for automotive fuel-injection systems is developed using the theory of variable structure systems. This fuel-injection control method is formulated to be compatible with production sensors and actuators, and its feasibility and potential benefits are demonstrated using a research automobile. The motivation for this research stems from the fact that fuel-injection control is a difficult control problem due to the nonlinear and complex nature of engine dynamics and due to the limitations imposed by a switching-type feedback sensor.

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Caprotti, Rinaldo, Nadia Bhatti, and Graham Balfour. "Deposit Control in Modern Diesel Fuel Injection Systems." SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants 3, no. 2 (October 25, 2010): 901–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2010-01-2250.

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Bulgakov, M. "DIAGNOSTICS OF GASOLINE FUEL SYSTEMS WITH DIRECT INJECTION." Automobile Transport, no. 40 (June 7, 2017): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.30977/at.2219-8342.2017.40.0.114.

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Greenhalgh, D. A. "Laser imaging of fuel injection systems and combustors." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 214, no. 4 (January 2000): 367–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0957650001537930.

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Shiraishi, H., S. L. Ipri, and D. I. D. Cho. "CMAC neural network controller for fuel-injection systems." IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology 3, no. 1 (March 1995): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/87.370707.

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Armas, Octavio, Carmen Mata, and Simón Martínez-Martínez. "Effect of an ethanol–diesel blend on a common-rail injection system." International Journal of Engine Research 13, no. 5 (March 27, 2012): 417–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087412438472.

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This research paper presents a comparative experimental study for determining the functionality of a common-rail injection system used in light-duty diesel vehicles. Two Bosch fuel-injection systems were chosen to be tested using a low sulphur diesel fuel and an ethanol–diesel blend (7.7% v/v). Both systems were composed of a high-pressure injection pump Bosch (320 CDI), a common-rail and a Bosch piezoelectric fuel injector, and were tested during an accelerated durability test. In both cases, the injection systems were mounted in an injection test bench and run for 12 hours/day for 600 hours. An injection pressure of 1500 bar, a pump rotation speed of 2500 min−1 and an injection time of 1 ms were selected to simulate critical engine operating conditions. The selected test conditions were equivalent to driving a light-duty vehicle for over 120,000 km. This work employed several analysis equipment and techniques, including a surface tester for surface roughness characterization of the elements, an optical microscope for observation of the workpiece surface microstructure, a shadow comparator for geometrical characterization of elements, an analytical balance for weighing parts and, finally, a scanning electronic microscopy to determine nozzle dimensions. In both cases, the total fuel delivery was determined using an injection test bench. Results show that the use of the ethanol–diesel blend tested produced a similar effect on the durability of the injection pump parts as that produced when using diesel fuel. However, the effect on the injector nozzle was dissimilar.

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Liu, Zhenming, Nan Liu, and Jingbin Liu. "Study of the Influencing Factors on the Small-Quantity Fuel Injection of Piezoelectric Injector." Micromachines 13, no. 5 (May 23, 2022): 813. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13050813.

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The piezoelectric injection-system provides a reliable approach for precise small-quantity fuel injection due to its fast, dynamic response. Considering the nonlinearity of a piezoelectric actuator, the complete electro-mechanical-hydraulic model of the piezoelectric injector was established and verified experimentally, which showed that it could accurately predict the fuel injection quantity. The small-quantity fuel injection with different driving voltages, pulse widths, and rail pressures was analyzed. The effects of key structural parameters of the injector on the delivery, control-chamber pressure fluctuation, and small-quantity injection characteristics were studied. The results show that the linearity of the curve of the injection volume with the pulse width was relatively poor, and there was a significant inflection point when the piezoelectric injector worked in the small pulse width region (PW < 0.6 ms). The bypass valve significantly accelerated the establishment of the control-chamber pressure, reduced the pressure fluctuation in the chamber, shortened the closing delay and duration of the needle valve, and reduced the rate of the fuel-quantity change so that it provided a greater control margin for the pulse width over the same fuel volume change interval. Under the condition of a small-quantity fuel injection of 20 mm3, decreasing the inlet orifice diameter and increasing the outlet orifice diameter shortened the minimum control pulse width and fuel injection duration required for the injector injection, which is beneficial for multiple and small-quantity fuel injection. However, these behaviors reduce the control margin for the pulse width, especially in small pulse width regions.

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Sala, José A., José F. Schlosser, Gilvan M. Bertollo, Daniela Herzog, Rovian Bertinatto, and Leonardo N. Romano. "Performance of a diesel engine using different biodiesel blends and injection configurations." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 27, no. 1 (January 2023): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v27n1p70-78.

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ABSTRACT Diesel cycle engines are widely used in a wide range of agricultural activities. Recently, with the increasing use of biodiesel mixed with petroleum diesel and the introduction of pollutant emission regulations for agricultural and road machinery, there has been a growing migration from mechanical to electronic fuel injection systems. In this experiment, the primary aim was to verify the behavior of a diesel engine, electronically managed, with controlled variation of the fuel feeding system parameters (injection time and volume injected). A four-cylinder agricultural tractor with a turbocharged engine and a common rail electronic fuel injection system was used. Tests with diesel B10 and blends of 20 and 30% biodiesel were carried out, all with 10 ppm of sulfur and the injection system electronically reprogrammed. The tests were performed under full engine load from 1,300 to 2,000 rpm. The torque, power and fuel consumption were evaluated. Advancing the injection point increased the power and decreased the specific fuel consumption for all fuels. The greater amount of injected fuel provided average power gain of up to 14.96% and average torque gain of 15.50%.

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STĘPIEŃ, Zbigniew. "The influence of particulate contamination in diesel fuel on the damage to fuel injection systems." Combustion Engines 177, no. 2 (May 1, 2019): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2019-213.

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The impact of various size particulate contamination on the process of accelerated wear followed by damage to the fuel injection sys-tem has been studied in long-term tests on an engine test stand. Also processes of tribological wear of working components of fuel injec-tors and of high pressure pumps material has been characterised. Measurement results of particulate contamination in diesel fuels available on the Polish market have been presented, referred to requirements of the PN-EN590 standard and of the Worldwide Fuel Charter. In the summary attention has been drawn to the growing problem of particulate contamination in fuels available on the market, and in particular their threat to durability and proper operation of increasingly complex and precisely manufactured HPCR type fuel injection systems.

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Vass, Sándor, and Máté Zöldy. "A model based new method for injection rate determination." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2020): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci190417159v.

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This paper presents a detailed model of a Common Rail Diesel injector and its validation using injection rate measurement. A new method is described for injector nozzle flowrate determination using simulation and measurement tools. The injector model contains fluid dynamic, mechanic and electro-magnetic systems, describing all-important internal processes and also includes the injection rate meter model. Injection rate measurements were made using the W. Bosch method, based on recording the pressure traces in a length of fuel during injections. Comparing the results of the simulated injection rate meter, simulated injector orifice flow and injection rate measurements, the simulated and measured injection rates showed good conformity. In addition to this, the difference between nozzle flow rate and the measured flow rate is pointed out in different operating points, proving, that the results of a Bosch type injection rate measurements cannot be directly used for model validation. However, combining injector, injection rate meter simulation and measurement data, the accurate nozzle flow rate can be determined, and the model validated.

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Parsons, Michael G., and Richard W. Harkins. "Investigation of Fuel Injection System Cavitation Problems on the MV James R. Barker, MV Mesabi Miner, and MV William J. De Lancey." Marine Technology and SNAME News 22, no. 03 (July 1, 1985): 219–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.1985.22.3.219.

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Cavitation erosion has long been recognized as a potential problem in the components and piping of diesel engine fuel injection systems. Specific cavitation erosion problems have been experienced recently in the fuel injection systems of the Colt-Pielstick PC2 engines of the Great Lakes bulk carriers MV James R. Barker, MV Mesabi Miner, and MV William J. De Lancey. Similar damage has been found in the injection systems of PC2 engines onboard other U.S.-flag vessels. The experience on the subject vessels and the efforts being taken to eliminate or minimize these problems are described. The modeling and methods used in a digital computer simulation of the fuel injection system on these vessels are presented. This simulation is being developed to study the effects of the delivery valve spring characteristics and performance, system pressures, and various system details and potential modifications on the overall performance of the fuel injection system. Special emphasis has been placed upon the factors which can be causing the cavitation damage within the high-pressure injection piping and injector bodies. Example simulation results are presented. The simulation will provide a practical and economical way to evaluate potential modifications.

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Hidayat, Rahmat, Dwi Sudarno Putra, and Irma Yulia Basri. "Design of Microcontroller Based Injector Test Kit." MOTIVECTION : Journal of Mechanical, Electrical and Industrial Engineering 1, no. 1 (January 15, 2019): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.46574/motivection.v1i1.12.

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Automotive technology is growing very rapidly. one of the conventional fuel intake systems to the injection system. where is the fuel intake by the ECU based on engine conditions detected by electronic sensors. The injection will work optimally if the injector that is working is not blocked or has problems, the injector determines the smoothness of the injection system. If the injector's performance is less than optimal, the injection system is not optimal and the engine performance is disrupted. To maintain the injector before working optimally, routine cleaning of the injector is carried out, the problem is the scarcity of the injector test equipment encountered in the field because of the high cost of the equipment, therefore the researchers innovated the design of the injector test equipment using EFI fuel system capable of handling problematic injector problems and the scarcity of this tool in the field.

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van Nieuwstadt, M. J., and I. V. Kolmanovsky. "Detecting and Correcting Cylinder Imbalance in Direct Injection Engines." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 123, no. 3 (July 6, 2000): 413–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1386647.

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Modern direct injection engines feature high pressure fuel injection systems that are required to control the fuel quantity very accurately. Due to limited manufacturing accuracy these systems can benefit from an on-line adaptation scheme that compensates for injector variability. Since cylinder imbalance affects many measurable signals, different sensors and algorithms can be used to equalize torque production by the cylinders. This paper compares several adaptation schemes that use different sensors. The algorithms are evaluated on a cylinder-by-cylinder simulation model of a direct injection high speed diesel engine. A proof of stability and experimental results are reported as well.

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BALAWENDER, Krzysztof, Hubert KUSZEWSKI, Kazimierz LEJDA, and Adam USTRZYCKI. "The effect of multi-phase injection on selected parameters of the common rail fuel system." Combustion Engines 135, no. 4 (November 1, 2008): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-117228.

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The common rail fuel supply systems due to their flexibility of injection characteristics are the most frequently applied fuel supply solution in Diesel engines. The most essential parameters, which have the effect on the phenomena taking place in a Common Rail system are the duration of the injection, rail pressure and fuel temperature. There may also be other factors effecting the course of the injection. The split of the fuel dose into a few parts can cause a pressure fluctuation in the rail and also in the whole system, effecting the course of the injection. In the article tests results related with the influence of multiple injection on the total fuel dose and real onset of the injection have been presented. The tests were carried out on a test stand fitted with Bosch EPS-815 (electronic fuel dose measurement). For the testing of the real injection onset the visualization system AVL Visioscope was used. The control of the injector was realized through a controller which enabled to split the fuel dose into three parts.

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31

Lee, Jinho, Kuo-Cheng Lin, and Dean Eklund. "Challenges in Fuel Injection for High-Speed Propulsion Systems." AIAA Journal 53, no. 6 (June 2015): 1405–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.j053280.

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32

Senghaas, Clemens, Michael Willmann, and Hans-Joachim Koch. "Simplified High Performance Injection Systems for Dual-fuel Engines." MTZ industrial 6, no. 3 (August 2016): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40353-016-0024-4.

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33

Kegl, B. "Optimal Design of Conventional In-Line Fuel Injection Equipment." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 209, no. 2 (April 1995): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1995_209_194_02.

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The paper describes an application of optimal design procedure employed on conventional in-line fuel injection equipment for a diesel engine. The procedure is applied to a set of design parameters concerning the design of the cam, high-pressure pump, delivery valve, snubber valve, high-pressure tube and injector respectively. The values of these design parameters are optimized simultaneously within specified maximum and minimum values in order to approach a target injection rate history. The proposed optimal design procedure is defined as a solution process of a non-linear mathematical programming problem defined by the objective and constraint functions. The objective function measures the difference between the target and actual injection rate histories while the constraints concern the response of the system as well as several technological limitations. The form of the objective function is such that it requires special treatment similar to those employed in optimal design of dynamic multi-body systems. However, the complexity of the fuel injection equipment causes specific numerical difficulties when the ideas employed for dynamic systems are adopted. The paper describes how to modify the usual approach in order to circumvent these difficulties. The theory is illustrated with a numerical example comparing the usual versus the modified approach.

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34

Bejger, Artur, and Jan Bohdan Drzewieniecki. "The Use of Acoustic Emission to Diagnosis of Fuel Injection Pumps of Marine Diesel Engines." Energies 12, no. 24 (December 8, 2019): 4661. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12244661.

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The article draws attention to the problems of maintaining fuel injection pumps of marine diesel engines in the conditions of the use of residual fuels in which the quality is steadily deteriorating. The analysis of tribological processes occurring in hydraulic precision pairs of fuel injection pumps, such as a barrel-plunger, is presented. Problems occurring regarding the operation of injection pumps and the possibilities of their avoidance on board are discussed. The means of condition monitoring, including the application of thermography methods, are characterized. The authors have done research concerning diagnosing injection systems of high and medium power engines by using acoustic emission (AE) signals. The experiment results obtained with the use of acoustic emission and wavelet analysis confirmed the dependency of the frequency components contained in the acoustic emission signal on the condition state of the injector pumps’ tribological pair.

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Varbanets, Roman, Oleksandr Shumylo, Andrii Marchenko, Dmytro Minchev, Vladyslav Kyrnats, Vitalii Zalozh, Nadiia Aleksandrovska, Roman Brusnyk, and Kateryna Volovyk. "Concept of Vibroacoustic Diagnostics of the Fuel Injection and Electronic Cylinder Lubrication Systems of Marine Diesel Engines." Polish Maritime Research 29, no. 4 (December 1, 2022): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pomr-2022-0046.

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Abstract Although direct measurements of the fuel injection pressure and the travel of the injector needle in conjunction with measurements of the valve train mechanism timing can provide complete diagnostic information about the technical conditions of the fuel injection and valve train systems, this requires the installation of sensors and other equipment directly into the systems, which is possible within research laboratories but is generally forbidden during operation of the ship. Malfunctions in the fuel injection and valve train systems can also be identified from the indicator diagrams of an engine operating cycle, expressed as P(V) and P(deg) diagrams. The basic parameters of the engine operating cycle, such as the maximum combustion pressure Pmax, compression pressure Pcompr, and indicated mean effective pressure IMEP, can also be used to indicate deviations from proper engine operation. Using a combination of a vibration sensor with an in-cylinder gas pressure sensor widens the capabilities of diagnostics for marine diesel engines under operational conditions. A vibration sensor with a magnetic base can help in determining the timings of the lifting and landing of the injector needle, fuel delivery by the fuel injection pump, opening and closing of the circulation of heated heavy fuel oil, and opening and closing of the gas distribution valves. This also offers a promising solution for diagnostics of the cylinder lubrication oil injectors. The proposed approach allows valuable information to be received during engine operation in accordance with the principle of non-destructive control, and can help in early detection of possible engine malfunctions.

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36

HIROYASU, Hiroyuki. "Fuel Injection Systems and Spray Characteristics of Direct Injection Gasoline and Diesel Engines." Reference Collection of Annual Meeting VIII.03.1 (2003): 19–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecjsm.viii.03.1.0_19.

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Lee, H.-K., M. F. Russell, C. S. Bae, and H. D. Shin. "Development of cavitation and enhanced injector models for diesel fuel injection system simulation." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 216, no. 7 (July 1, 2002): 607–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440702760178622.

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To expedite the application of fuel injection equipment to diesel engines, powertrain engineers are simulating the rate of injection with computer models. Many of the simple models give quite substantial errors if fuel cavitation in the high pressure system and the variations in bulk modulus with temperature and pressure are not included. This paper discuses cavitation and a companion paper discusses the treatment of non-linear bulk modulus. Diesel fuel injection nozzle hole size has been reduced and the injection pressures have been raised, to improve combustion, and the termination of the injection has been accelerated, to reduce carbon particle mass in the exhaust. High injection pressures and rapid termination set up very large hydraulic waves in the pipes and drillings of the fuel injection system, be it pump-pipe-nozzle or accumulator/common rail in type. The fuel momentum generated in these vigorous wave actions leaves such low pressures in parts of the system that vapour bubbles form in the fuel. Cavitation changes the bulk modulus of the fuel and the collapse of the cavities imparts sudden high pressure pulses to the fuel columns in the system and changes injection characteristics significantly. When modelling devices to control injection rate, the cavitation and non-linear bulk modulus have to be incorporated into the model. To this end, the concept of ‘condensation’ has been useful. The cavitated pipe section is divided into liquid and liquid + vapour mixture columns and modified momentum and mass conservation equations are applied separately. The model has been validated with a particular application of a rotary distributor pump to a high speed direct injection diesel engine, which is one of the more difficult fuel injection systems to model in which cavitation occurs at several operating conditions. The simulation results show the cavitation characteristics very well. This cavitated flow calculation model may be applied to other one-dimensional flow systems In addition, a more comprehensive injector model is introduced, which considers two loss factors at the needle seat and holes, sac volume, and viscous drag and leakage. This enhanced injector model shows some improvement at low load conditions

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38

Shan, J., J. Li, Z. Guo, and W. Yang. "Numerical Simulation Research on Cavitation Flow of Different Fuels in Diesel Engine Injectors." Bulletin of Science and Practice 7, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 254–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/62/25.

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With the increasingly stringent requirements of diesel engine fuel consumption and pollutant emission, higher requirements are put forward for the performance of diesel engine fuel injection systems. Cavitation flow in diesel fuel injectors is an extremely important factor affecting spray characteristics. In this study, the occurrence of cavitation in the fuel injector nozzle and its impact on mass flow rate and vapor fraction at the outlet of the fuel injection hole are studied numerically for various fuels such as diesel, gasoline, ethanol and methanol. The results show that the mass flow rate of diesel is the highest and that of gasoline is the lowest. Methanol and gasoline have the highest vapor content, followed by ethanol, and then diesel with the lowest vapor phase. For mass flow, the mass flow is inversely proportional to the viscosity of the fuel, and for cavitation, the amount cavitation is inversely related to the viscosity of the fuel. This agrees with many researchers’ findings.

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39

Hofmann, Oliver, Sebastian Schuckert, Georg Wachtmeister, and Daniel Rixen. "Optimal Injection Strategies to Compensate for Injector Aging in Common Rail Fuel Systems." SAE International Journal of Engines 11, no. 6 (April 3, 2018): 1083–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2018-01-1160.

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40

Winklhofer, E., B. Ahmadi-Befrui, B. Wiesler, and G. Cresnoverh. "The Influence of Injection Rate Shaping on Diesel Fuel Sprays—An Experimental Study." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 206, no. 3 (July 1992): 173–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1992_206_176_02.

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A current strategy in the development of direct injection (DI) diesel engine combustion systems is the control and limitation of the initial ‘premixed’ combustion heat release ensuing from the auto-ignition of the injected fuel. This requires control of the amount of fuel vaporization and mixing taking place during the ignition delay time. Since the latter is determined by the fuel composition and the in-cylinder gas temperature, development efforts have focused on the injection of well-controlled, portioned fuel quantities prior to the ignition as a means of achieving the desired goal. This practice is becoming known as ‘fuel rate shaping’. Consequently, the fuel spray penetration during this period, fuel evaporation and mixture preparation, as well as the influence of in-cylinder air motion on mixture distribution, are main subjects of interest in affording insight into fuel rate shaping attempts. These have been addressed through a combined experimental and theoretical investigation of the spray characteristics associated with different injection practices. The experimental investigations have been performed in an optically accessed spray research engine. Basic aspects of fuel spray tip penetration, time and location of auto-ignition and flame propagation have been recorded with a high-speed line-scan camera. The results provide the space and time-scale characteristics for the propagation, ignition and combustion of a selection of diesel fuel sprays. Investigations have been carried out for a conventional fuel injection system equipped with a set of different single-hole injector nozzles, as well as for a dual-spring injector and an injector with a split injection device. The experimental results provide an insight into the propagation of the fuel spray front, yield qualitative information about its spatial and temporal distribution, and, in the case of split injection, show the interaction of the initial pilot fuel portion with the main injection.

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41

Pham, Xuan Phuong. "RETROFITTING AN EXPERIMENTAL SYSTEM FOR EXAMINING MECHANICAL DIESEL INJECTION SYSTEMS." Journal of Science and Technique 15, no. 4 (July 28, 2020): 62–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.56651/lqdtu.jst.v15.n04.10.

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An experimental rig along with a MATLAB script for examining mechanical diesel injection systems have been successfully developed in this work. The system is capable of extending further to include a high-speed camera for imaging spray breakup events occurring in the near field of injector exit. The system developed in this study allows to record hydraulics characteristics of a number of consecutive injection shots. The MATLAB script allows to isolate fuel line pressure signal of single injection shot from those consecutive events (e.g. 400 shots used in this article), then to output the mean, coefficient of variation (CoV) in fuel line pressure and other interested parameters. The CoV values get a peak of 7% approximately and at the maximum pressure location. The high CoV peak might contribute to the engine cycle-to-cycle variation (CoV of indicated mean of effective pressure - IMEP) and this suggests an investigation to link this with CoV of IMEP in the future in an engine test-bed.

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42

Zhao, Jianhui, Leonid Grekhov, Alexander Denisov, and Dmitry Onishchenko. "Operation-related features of diesel fuel injection systems at pressures up to 400 MPa." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 983, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 012058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/983/1/012058.

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Abstract The interest in the high pressure injection in diesel engines continues to grow. Optimal injection pressure is a function of the engine parameters and its application and is open to question. The study investigates the injection features of diesel fuel at pressures above 300-400 MPa. The injection pressure level, at which the fuel flow through the nozzle ceases to grow, was experimentally determined, and an improved simulation method for the heavy fuel injection modelling was proposed.

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43

СЛАВИНСКАС, Стасис, Томас МИЦКЯВИЧЮС, and Арвидас ПАУЛЮКАС. "Дослідження змащувальної здатності дизельного та авіаційного палива на паливному насосі високого тиску." СУЧАСНІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ В МАШИНОБУДУВАННІ ТА ТРАНСПОРТІ 2, no. 17 (November 14, 2021): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.36910/automash.v2i17.631.

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This paper presents comparative experimental study’s results of diesel fuel and aviation fuel effect on operational properties of a high-pressure fuel pump of a common rail injection system. The two identical fuel injection systems mounted on a test bed of the fuel injection pumps were prepared for the experimental durability tests. The lubricity properties of diesel fuel and aviation fuel (Jet-A1) were studied using the High-Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR) method. The values of wear scar diameter (WSD) obtained with Jet-A1 fuels were compared to the respective values measured with the reference diesel fuel. The microscopic photographs of the wear scar diameters obtained on above mentioned fuels are presented in the paper. The test results showed that long-term (about 300 hours) using aviation fuels produced a negative effect on the durability of the high-pressure fuel pump. Due to the wear of plunger-barrel units the decrease in the fuel delivery rate occurred of about 6.7 % operating with aviation fuel. The average friction coefficients of Jet-A1 fuels were higher than that of the normal diesel fuel. Keywords: diesel fuel, aviation Jet-A1 fuel, lubricity, plunger-barrel units, wear scar diameter

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44

Cho, Dan, and J. Karl Hedrick. "Sliding Mode Fuel-Injection Controller: Its Advantages." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 113, no. 3 (September 1, 1991): 537–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2896447.

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New and improved results are presented on the advantages of employing the sliding mode control method for designing a closed-loop fuel-injection system. The two biggest advantages of this method are: (1) its compatibility with the current oxygen sensor technology and (2) its ability to consider robustness and performance issues analytically for an automotive engine, whose operating characteristics are highly complex and nonlinear. The controller can achieve the stoichiometric ratio control of air and fuel with excellent transient properties and is robust to model errors and disturbances. Furthermore, through direct comparisons to PI-controllers, it is shown that the sliding mode fuel-injection controller is versatile and requires very little tuning time. Performance evaluations are performed both on an engine-only model and on a comprehensive powertrain model that includes automatic transmission and drivetrain dynamics.

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45

Hsu, B. D. "Coal-Fueled Diesel Engine Development Update at GE Transportation Systems." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 114, no. 3 (July 1, 1992): 502–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906617.

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The U.S. Department of Energy is sponsoring a General Electric Company development program for using coal-water slurry (CWS) to power a diesel engine and to test it in a locomotive. The first locomotive system test was successfully completed in 1991 on GE/TS test track. The first-phase coal-fueled 12-cylinder diesel engine used in the locomotive test employed a modified positive displacement fuel injection system and developed 2500 hp in the engine laboratory. The final phase all electric controlled fuel injection equipment (FIE) diesel engine has completed individual component development phases. Combustion research evaluated a broad range of CWS fuels with different source coals, particle sizes, and ash contents. The electronic controlled FIE single cylinder test engine yielded 99.5 percent combustion efficiency. Envelop filters and copper oxide sorbent have been chosen to clean up the engine emissions after extensive evaluation of various hot gas cleaning methods. The projected removal rate of particulate is 99.5 percent and that of SO2 is 90 percent. Over ten diamond insert injector nozzles performed well on the test engines. A bench test of one nozzle has been run for over 500 engine equivalent hours without significant wear. Tungsten carbide (WC) coated piston rings and cylinder liners were identified to be effective in overcoming power assembly wear. A matrix of WC spray parameters were investigated, and the best process was used to apply coatings onto full scale rings and liners. These and other test parts are currently running in two coal fuel operated cylinders on a converted eight-cylinder endurance test engine. All of these developed technologies will be applied onto the second phase engine and be used in the final phase locomotive test. An economic analysis was also completed on a concept locomotive design. Additional equipment cost and the level of diesel fuel price to repay the investment were analyzed. Thus the economic environment for the commercialization of the modern coal fueled locomotive is defined.

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Depcik, Christopher, Joshua Jachuck, Dylan Jantz, Farshid Kiani, Michael Mangus, Jonathan Mattson, Edward Peltier, and Susan M. Stagg-Williams. "Influence of Fuel Injection System and Engine-Timing Adjustments on Regulated Emissions from Four Biodiesel Fuels." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2503, no. 1 (January 2015): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2503-03.

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The use of biofuels for transportation has grown substantially in the past decade in response to federal mandates and increased concern about the use of petroleum fuels. As biofuels become more common, it is imperative to assess their influence on mobile source emissions of regulated and hazardous pollutants. This assessment cannot be done without first obtaining a basic understanding of how biofuels affect the relationship between fuel properties, engine design, and combustion conditions. Combustion studies were conducted on biodiesel fuels from four feedstocks (palm oil, soybean oil, canola oil, and coconut oil) with two injection systems, mechanical and electronic. For the electronic system, fuel injection timing was adjusted to compensate for physical changes caused by different fuels. The emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and partial combustion products were compared across both engine injection systems. The analysis showed differences in NOx emissions based on hydrocarbon chain length and degree of fuel unsaturation, with little to no NOx increase compared with ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel for most conditions. Adjusting the fuel injection timing provided some improvement in biodiesel emissions for NOx and particulate matter, particularly at lower engine loads. The results indicated that the introduction of biodiesel and biodiesel blends could have widely dissimilar effects in different types of vehicle fleets, depending on typical engine design, age, and the feedstock used for biofuel production.

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Jairam, Karthick, Feroskhan Mohammed Musthafa, Kishorre Annanth Vijayan, and Manimaran Renganathan. "Computational investigations on port injected DEE in a biogas inducted HCCI engine." International Journal for Simulation and Multidisciplinary Design Optimization 12 (2021): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/smdo/2021010.

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Owing to global climate change and atmospheric pollution, several automobile manufacturing companies look for homogeneously charged engines to satisfy strict emission levels. In the present work, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) investigations have been carried out to showcase the homogeneity of air-fuel mixture formation by port fuel injection and manifold fuel injection of a Biogas-Diethyl Ether (DEE) homogeneous charge compression engine (HCCI). The distributions of equivalence ratio based on fuel and the total air-fuel mixture is formulated and found to be in close agreement with the literature. Earlier investigations have shown that the use of biogas as a single fuel causes lower power output compared to other alternative fuels. Hence the present study is planned to use biogas with DEE as an ignition improver via fuel injection systems to find the best suitable fuel injection system. In the mesh independent study, port injection mode is found to perform better against the manifold injection mode when compared with the homogeneity factor. Iso-volumes of excess-air ratio based on biogas, diethyl ether and other variables such as the density, turbulent kinetic energy, turbulent dissipation rate of air-fuel mixture influencing the homogeneity and equivalence ratio are studied for better in-cylinder distribution under the port injection mode.

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Flynn, P. L., B. D. Hsu, and G. L. Leonard. "Coal-Fueled Diesel Engine Progress at GE Transportation Systems." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 112, no. 3 (July 1, 1990): 369–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906504.

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A coal-fueled diesel engine holds the promise of a rugged, modular heat engine that uses cheap, abundant fuel. Economic studies have indicated attractive returns at moderate diesel fuel prices. The compositions of coal-water fuels are being expanded to cover the major coal sources. Combustion has been developed at 1000 rpm with mechanical and electronic fuel injection. Dual fuel operation can run the engine over the load range. Erosion of fuel nozzles has been controlled with diamond compacts. Wear of piston rings and cylinder liners can be controlled with tungsten carbide coatings. Emission measurements show higher particulates and SO2 and lower NOx, CO, and HC. Particulate and SO2 control measures are being investigated.

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Mickevičius, Tomas, Stasys Slavinskas, and Raimondas Kreivaitis. "EFFECT OF ETHANOL ON PERFORMANCE AND DURABILITY OF A DIESEL COMMON RAIL HIGH PRESSURE FUEL PUMP." TRANSPORT 31, no. 3 (July 13, 2015): 305–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2015.1058292.

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This paper presents a comparative experimental study for determining the effect of ethanol on functionality of a high pressure pump of the common rail fuel injection system. For experimental durability tests were prepared two identical fuel injection systems, which were mounted on a test bed for a fuel injection pump. One of the fuel injection systems was feed with diesel fuel; other fuel injection system was fuelled with ethanol–diesel fuel blend. A blend with 12% v/v ethanol and 88% v/v diesel fuel and low sulphur diesel fuel as a reference fuel were used in this study. To determine the effect of ethanol on the durability of the high pressure pump total fuel delivery performance and surface roughness of pump element were measured prior and after the test. Results show that the use of the ethanol–diesel blend tested produced a negative effect on the durability of the high pressure fuel pump. The wear of plungers and barrels when using ethanol–diesel fuel blend caused a decrease in fuel delivery up to 30% after 100 h of operation.

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Catania, A. E., C. Dongiovanni, A. Mittica, C. Negri, and E. Spessa. "Simulation and Experimental Analysis of Diesel Fuel-Injection Systems With a Double-Stage Injector." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 121, no. 2 (April 1, 1999): 186–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2817104.

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A double-spring, sacless-nozzle injector was fitted to the distributor-pump fuel-injection system of an automotive diesel engine in order to study its effect on the system performance for two different configurations of the pump delivery valve assembly with a constant-pressure valve and with a reflux-hole valve, respectively. Injection-rate shapes and local pressure time histories were both numerically and experimentally investigated. The NAIS simulation program was used for theoretical analysis based on a novel implicit numerical algorithm with a second-order accuracy and a high degree of efficiency. The injector model was set up and stored in a library containing a variety of system component models, which gave a modular structure to the computational code. The program was also capable of simulating possible cavitation propagation phenomena and of taking the fluid property dependence on pressure and temperature, as well as flow shear and minor losses into account. The experimental investigation was performed on a test bench under real operating conditions. Pressures were measured in the pumping chamber at two different pipe locations and in the injector nozzle upstream of the needle-seat opening passage. This last measurement was carried out in order to determine the nozzle-hole discharge flow coefficient under nonstationary flow conditions, which was achieved for the first time in a sacless-nozzle two-stage injector over a wide pump-speed range. The numerical and experimental results were compared and discussed.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Fuel injection systems'

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