Academic literature on the topic 'Fuel Injector Assembly'
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Journal articles on the topic "Fuel Injector Assembly"
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Alexa, Vasile, Sorin Ratiu, and Imre Kiss. "Laboratory assembly for analysis of fuel injection systems in the modern internal combustion engines." Analecta Technica Szegedinensia 8, no. 1 (January 11, 2014): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/analecta.2014.1.54-58.
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The complexity of the processes taking place in a system of fuel injection management for an internal combustion engine requires extra effort for a proper understanding of the operating principles. This paper is intended to be an intuitive practical application able to simulate the complex electronic control of injection, through a PC and specialized software. The application provides an intuitive and friendly analysis of the processes occurring during the operation of an injection computer. Moreover, the system allows the determination of the gasoline amount injected by the various types of fuel injectors, in a certain period of time and at different pressures of the fuel, depending on the load, speed and thermal regime of the engine. The laboratory assembly for a fuel injection system is intended as an experimental stand with exclusive didactical applicability. We want to observe the main characteristics of a fuel feeding and injection system, as the identification of components for the control system, data acquisition system and fuel injection system, the analysis of the different types of signals that can be used to actuate the injectors, the establishing the principles of injector operation in accordance with the control electronics, the visualization of the injection cadence and amount injected, depending on the engine speed and load, the programming of injection computers etc.
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Chowdhury, H. A., Saiful Amri Mazlan, and Abdul Ghani Olabi. "A Simulation Study of Magnetostrictive Material Terfenol-D in Automotive CNG Fuel Injection Actuation." Solid State Phenomena 154 (April 2009): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.154.41.
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Magnetostriction is the deformation that spontaneously occurs in ferromagnetic materials when an external magnetic field is applied. In applications broadly defined for actuation, magnetostrictive material Terfenol-D (Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe1.9) possesses intrinsic rapid response times while providing small and accurate displacements and high-energy efficiency. These are some of the essential parameters required for fast control of fuel injector valves for decreased engine emissions and lower fuel consumption compared with the traditional solenoid fuel injection system. A prototype CNG fuel injector assembly was designed which included magnetostrictive material Terfenol-D as the actuator material. A 2D cross-sectional geometry of the injector assembly, which incorporated both linear and non-linear magnetic properties of the corresponding materials, was modeled in ANSYS for 2D axisymmetric magnetic simulation. Subsequently, a 3D replica of the CNG flow conduit was modeled in GAMBIT with the resultant injector lift. The meshed conduit was then simulated in FLUENT using the 3D time independent segregated solver with the Standard k , the Realizable k and RSM turbulence models to predict the mass flow rate of CNG to be injected. Eventually, the simulated flow rate was verified against mathematically derived static flow rate required for a standard automotive fuel injector considering standard horsepower, BSFC and injector duty cycle.
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Chowdhury, H. A., Saiful Amri Mazlan, and Abdul Ghani Olabi. "Implementation of Magnetostrictive Material Terfenol-D in CNG Fuel Injection Actuation." Advanced Materials Research 47-50 (June 2008): 630–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.47-50.630.
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In applications broadly defined for actuation, magnetostrictive materials possess intrinsic rapid response times while providing small and accurate displacements and high-energy efficiency, which are some of the essential parameters for fast control of fuel injector valves for decreased engine emissions and lower fuel consumption. This paper investigates the application of Terfenol-D as a magnetostrictive actuator material for CNG fuel injection actuation. A prototype fuel injector assembly, including Terfenol-D as the core actuator material, was modeled in both Finite Element Method Magnetics (FEMM) and ANSYS Electromagnetics simulation softwares for 2D magnetics simulation. Preferably, FEMM was used in order to determine the coil-circuit parameters and the required flux density or applied magnetic field to achieve the desired magnetostrictive strain, consequently, the injector needle lift. The FEMM magnetic simulation was carried out with four different types of AWG coil wires and four different coil thicknesses of the entire injector assembly in order to evaluate the relationship between the different coil types and thicknesses against the achieved strain or injector lift. Eventually, the optimized parameters derived from FEMM were inserted into ANSYS Electromagnetics to compare the variation of results between these two simulation environments.
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Catania, A. E., C. Dongiovanni, A. Mittica, M. Badami, and F. Lovisolo. "Numerical Analysis Versus Experimental Investigation of a Distributor-Type Diesel Fuel-Injection System." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 116, no. 4 (October 1, 1994): 814–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906890.
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A production distributor-type fuel-injection system for diesel engines has been extensively investigated via computer-assisted simulation and experimentation. The investigation was mainly aimed at assessing and validating a sophisticated computational model of the system, developed with specific attention given to the pump and to some important aspects concerning the injection pressure simulation, such as the dynamic effects of the injector needle lift, the flow unsteadiness, and compressibility effects on the nozzle-hole discharge coefficient. The pump delivery assembly was provided with a valve of the reflux type. This presented a flat in the collar, forming a return-flow restriction with the seat, and had no retraction piston. A single-spring injector, with a reduced sac volume, was fitted to the system. The numerical analysis of transient flow phenomena linked to the mechanical unit dynamics, including possible cavitation occurrence in the system, was performed using an implicit finite-difference algorithm, previously set up for in-line injection equipment. Particular care was exercised in modeling the distributor pump so as to match the dynamics of the delivery-valve assembly to the pressure wave propagation in the distributor and its outlets. The so-called minor losses were also taken into account and it was ascertained that sudden expansion and contraction losses were significant for the type of pump examined. The experimental investigation was performed on a test bench at practical pump speeds. Pressures were measured in the pumping chamber, at two different pipe locations, and upstream to the needle seat opening passage. This last measurement was taken in order to evaluate the nozzle-hole flow coefficient with the support of the simulation, using experimental values of the needle lift, injection rate, and injected fuel quantity as known variables. The numerical and experimental results were compared and discussed, showing the validity of the model. The injection pressure time history and the influence of the delivery return-flow restriction on the system performance were numerically examined.
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Catania, A. E., C. Dongiovanni, A. Mittica, C. Negri, and E. Spessa. "Simulation and Experimental Analysis of Diesel Fuel-Injection Systems With a Double-Stage Injector." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 121, no. 2 (April 1, 1999): 186–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2817104.
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A double-spring, sacless-nozzle injector was fitted to the distributor-pump fuel-injection system of an automotive diesel engine in order to study its effect on the system performance for two different configurations of the pump delivery valve assembly with a constant-pressure valve and with a reflux-hole valve, respectively. Injection-rate shapes and local pressure time histories were both numerically and experimentally investigated. The NAIS simulation program was used for theoretical analysis based on a novel implicit numerical algorithm with a second-order accuracy and a high degree of efficiency. The injector model was set up and stored in a library containing a variety of system component models, which gave a modular structure to the computational code. The program was also capable of simulating possible cavitation propagation phenomena and of taking the fluid property dependence on pressure and temperature, as well as flow shear and minor losses into account. The experimental investigation was performed on a test bench under real operating conditions. Pressures were measured in the pumping chamber at two different pipe locations and in the injector nozzle upstream of the needle-seat opening passage. This last measurement was carried out in order to determine the nozzle-hole discharge flow coefficient under nonstationary flow conditions, which was achieved for the first time in a sacless-nozzle two-stage injector over a wide pump-speed range. The numerical and experimental results were compared and discussed.
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Barker, A. G., and J. F. Carrotte. "Compressor Exit Conditions and Their Impact on Flame Tube Injector Flows." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 124, no. 1 (March 1, 1999): 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1383773.
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Within a gas turbine engine the flow field issuing from the compression system is nonuniform containing, for example, circumferential and radial variations in the flow field due to wakes from the upstream compressor outlet guide vanes (OGVs). In addition, variations can arise due to the presence of radial load bearing struts within the pre-diffuser. This paper is concerned with the characterization of this nonuniform flow field, prior to the combustion system, and the subsequent effect on the flame tube fuel injector flows and hence combustion processes. A mainly experimental investigation has been undertaken using a fully annular test facility which incorporates a single stage axial flow compressor, diffuser, and flame tube. Measurements have been made of the flow field, and its frequency content, within the dump cavity. Furthermore, the stagnation pressure presented to the core, outer and dome swirler passages of a fuel injector has been obtained for different circumferential positions of the upstream OGV/pre-diffuser assembly. These pressure variations, amounting to as much as 20 percent of the pressure drop across the fuel injector, also affect the flow field immediately downstream of the injector. In addition, general variations in pressure around the fuel injector have also been observed due to, for example, the fuel injector position relative to pre-diffuser exit and the flame tube cowl.
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Gabdrafikov, Fanil', Irshat Aysuvakov, and Ilgiz Galiev. "DIESEL INJECTOR PUMP WITH RING CONTROL VALVE." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 15, no. 1 (May 14, 2020): 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2020-68-75.
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The studies were carried out with the aim of modernizing the pump injector with a hydraulic actuator of the HEUI system plunger with the development of a control valve model based on a split elastic ring that provides fast fuel injection control. The upgraded device differs from the existing ones in that instead of a control freely floating valve (ball) or a poppet valve with springs, a valve in the form of a split elastic ring is installed in the valve assembly. One end of this ring is fixed rigidly, the other is freely movable to block the drain channel of the liquid. The canal overlaps the free edge of the ring when the electromagnet is turned on (installed with a gap inside the ring), and also (in the absence or malfunction of the electromagnet) from the valve itself running under the pressure of the supplied fluid. When upgrading the pump injector by the proposed method and using an annular control valve with electronic control (with optimal ring parameters), a new technical effect is achieved - reducing the response time of the control valve. This is due to the fact that the free edge of the split elastic ring, like a mechanical multiplier, blocks the drain canal π times faster than the valve stroke when it rises from the pressure of the fluid flow or signal when the electromagnet is on. The ring valve simultaneously acts as a spring to return to its original position, simplifying the design as much as possible. In the course of research, a new mathematical expression was derived for calculating the valve stroke depending on its design parameters. Using this formula, the optimal parameters of the control ring valve of the pump injector were established, which affect the quality of fuel injection in a wide range of diesel operation: diameter - 20 mm, ring width - 12 mm, thickness - 0.46 mm, diameter of the control fluid supply canal - 3 mm.
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Hsu, B. D. "Coal-Fueled Diesel Engine Development Update at GE Transportation Systems." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 114, no. 3 (July 1, 1992): 502–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906617.
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The U.S. Department of Energy is sponsoring a General Electric Company development program for using coal-water slurry (CWS) to power a diesel engine and to test it in a locomotive. The first locomotive system test was successfully completed in 1991 on GE/TS test track. The first-phase coal-fueled 12-cylinder diesel engine used in the locomotive test employed a modified positive displacement fuel injection system and developed 2500 hp in the engine laboratory. The final phase all electric controlled fuel injection equipment (FIE) diesel engine has completed individual component development phases. Combustion research evaluated a broad range of CWS fuels with different source coals, particle sizes, and ash contents. The electronic controlled FIE single cylinder test engine yielded 99.5 percent combustion efficiency. Envelop filters and copper oxide sorbent have been chosen to clean up the engine emissions after extensive evaluation of various hot gas cleaning methods. The projected removal rate of particulate is 99.5 percent and that of SO2 is 90 percent. Over ten diamond insert injector nozzles performed well on the test engines. A bench test of one nozzle has been run for over 500 engine equivalent hours without significant wear. Tungsten carbide (WC) coated piston rings and cylinder liners were identified to be effective in overcoming power assembly wear. A matrix of WC spray parameters were investigated, and the best process was used to apply coatings onto full scale rings and liners. These and other test parts are currently running in two coal fuel operated cylinders on a converted eight-cylinder endurance test engine. All of these developed technologies will be applied onto the second phase engine and be used in the final phase locomotive test. An economic analysis was also completed on a concept locomotive design. Additional equipment cost and the level of diesel fuel price to repay the investment were analyzed. Thus the economic environment for the commercialization of the modern coal fueled locomotive is defined.
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Priambadi, I. Gusti Ngurah, I. Ketut Gede Sugita, A. A. I. A. Sri Komaladewi, Ketut Astawa, and I. Wayan Bandem Adnyana. "Redesign Combustion Air Shelter of the Furnace to Improve the Performance in Melting Bronze for Manufacturing Gamelan." Applied Mechanics and Materials 776 (July 2015): 355–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.776.355.
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Gamelan Bali is a set of Balinese traditional musical instruments used to accompany a series of cultural and religious ceremonies or performances. The existence of gamelan has been famous to foreign countries. Therefore, gamelan is not only produced for national orders but also for international orders. Almost 75% of gamelan production process is done using traditional method, namely: smelting, forging, grinding (Sruti) to get the basic tone, and assembly. Smelting process uses traditional furnace, where combustion air is blown from the blower through the injector into the combustion chamber of melting furnace. Open model furnace is used so that the heat generated in the combustion of the fuel is not perfect and it consumes more fuel. This condition, of course, impacts on pollutant factors produced in the combustion process and production cost that is relatively high. To minimize that problem, a change in the combustion air shelters form is done. The use of this method in the smelting process is expected to reduce the production cost, especially in fuel use and to reduce pollutants produced in the combustion process. Studies have shown that the application of the above method reduces the fuel consumption up to 20%. The decrease in the fuel consumption due to the fuel (charcoal) is wrapped by more air, thus it makes the fuel combustion process work better.
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Karim, H., K. Lyle, S. Etemad, L. L. Smith, W. C. Pfefferle, P. Dutta, and K. Smith. "Advanced Catalytic Pilot for Low NOx Industrial Gas Turbines." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 125, no. 4 (October 1, 2003): 879–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1586313.
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This paper describes the design and testing of a catalytically stabilized pilot burner for current and advanced Dry Low NOx (DLN) gas turbine combustors. In this paper, application of the catalytic pilot technology to industrial engines is described using Solar Turbines’ Taurus 70 engine. The objective of the work described is to develop the catalytic pilot technology and document the emission benefits of catalytic pilot technology when compared to higher, NOx producing pilots. The catalytic pilot was designed to replace the existing pilot in the existing DLN injector without major modification to the injector. During high-pressure testing, the catalytic pilot showed no incidence of flashback or autoignition while operating over wide range of combustion temperatures. The catalytic reactor lit off at a temperature of approximately 598 K (325°C/617°F) and operated at simulated 100% and 50% load conditions without a preburner. At high pressure, the maximum catalyst surface temperature was similar to that observed during atmospheric pressure testing and considerably lower than the surface temperature expected in lean-burn catalytic devices. In single-injector rig testing, the integrated assembly of the catalytic pilot and Taurus 70 injector demonstrated NOx and CO emission less than 5 ppm @ 15% O2 for 100% and 50% load conditions along with low acoustics. The results demonstrate that a catalytic pilot burner replacing a diffusion flame or partially premixed pilot in an otherwise DLN combustor can enable operation at conditions with substantially reduced NOx emissions.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fuel Injector Assembly"
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Bajaj, Siddhant, and Erik Günther-Hanssen. "Preliminary study of the fuel injector assembly capacity." Thesis, KTH, Industriell produktion, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-259578.
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In the near future the demand of the XPI fuel injectors of Scania Cummins JV assembled in Södertälje is predicted to increase. To meet this new demand the assembly line needs to increase its capacity. This paper is a preliminary study of how this capacity increment could be carried out to meet a future demand of 50% higher than today. The assembly line is semi-automated and consists of eight stations in which 100 operators are working in two shifts. The study includes situational analysis, VSM, cycle time analysis, flow analysis, line balancing and optimisation. Each station has been studied separately including all circumstances that can hinder the production of the line. The study shows how a step-by-step ramp up could be carried out for increasing the capacity of the fuel injectors. The suggestions include structural change, layout change, automation, optimisation and program logic changes.Inom en snar framtid förutsägs efterfrågan på XPI-bränsleinsprutningsmunstycken från Scania Cummins JV monterade i Södertälje öka. För att möta denna nya efterfrågan måste monteringslinan öka sin kapacitet. Detta dokument är en preliminär studie av hur denna kapacitetsökning kan genomföras för att möta en framtida efterfrågan som är 50 % högre än idag. Monteringslinan är halvautomatisk och består av åtta stationer där 100 operatörer arbetar i två skift. Studien inkluderar lägesanalys, VSM, cykeltidsanalys, flödesanalys, linbalansering och optimering. Varje station har studerats separat inkluderande alla scenarier som kan hindra produktionen på linan. Studien visar hur en steg-för-steg upptrappning skulle kunna genomföras för att öka produktionen av bränsleinsprutningsmunstycken. Förslagen inkluderar strukturförändringar, layoutändring, automatisering, optimering och programlogikändringar.
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LIUTI, ANDREA. "An Innovative Pressing Process by Mechanical Interference Fit for Assembly and Calibration of Fuel Injector." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/252994.
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Il processo produttivo degli iniettori di combustibile può essere significativamente migliorato con un accurato controllo di posizionamento durante l’assemblaggio per interferenza di componenti sensibili.
Il lavoro di tesi presenta un’innovativa stazione di assemblaggio che combina un cilindro idraulico ed un attuatore piezoelettrico, per raggiungere accuratezze micrometriche nel posizionamento assiale. Il cilindro idraulico esegue grandi corse mente l’attuatore piezoelettrico fornisce l’azione dinamica e l’elevata accuratezza necessaria. La caratterizzazione sperimentale del prototipo di pressa viene presentata, insieme con i fenomeni fisici che ne influenzano le prestazioni. I campioni di prova sono progettati e realizzati per ottenere un’interferenza nota. I sistemi di assemblaggio tradizionali non sono in grado di realizzare accuratezze micrometriche, mentre la nuova stazione di assemblaggio presentata può superare questi limiti grazie all’avanzato algoritmo di controllo sviluppato: quando l’attuatore piezoelettrico è alimentato da un segnale sinusoidale modulato in ampiezza, è possibile raggiungere un’accuratezza di posizionamento di ± 2 μm per forze di inserimento fino a 20 kN.
Le performance ottenute con provini dedicati sono state testate su due casi applicativi reali: un processo di calibrazione a secco di iniettori GDI, nella regione balistica, usando azoto invece di un liquido di test ed il processo di assemblaggio della valvola di controllo a solenoide di un iniettore diesel common rail, che necessita di un’elevata accuratezza geometrica.
Questi studi hanno dimostrato le possibilità del prototipo di stazione di assemblaggio presentato in casi applicativi reali; perciò la pressa può essere inserita in contesti industriali reali, raggiungendo lo scopo della ricerca.The production processes of fuel injectors can be significantly improved by a more accurate positioning control in the assembly of key components by interference fit. This thesis presents an innovative press-fitting station in the assembly line, that combines a hydraulic cylinder and a piezoelectric actuator to reach micrometric accuracy in axial positioning. The hydraulic cylinder permits a long operational range, while the piezo actuator provides dynamic action and micrometric accuracy. The experimental characterization of the prototype press is presented together with the physical phenomena influencing the overall system performance. The tests are done using cylindrical plugs and sleeves to replicate the insertion of shafts into holes. The test samples are designed and machined to obtain a predefined interference fit. The presented new press-fit station can overcome these limits thanks to the developed advanced control strategy: when the piezo actuator is driven by an amplitude modulated sinusoidal signal, final positioning of ±2 μm is reached insertion forces up to 20 kN. The remarkable performances obtained using dedicated samples have been then tested for real components in two different use cases: dry calibration process for GDI injector and assembly of a solenoid control valve for state of the art common rail diesel injector. The first is a cleaner process for calibration of GDI injector in the ballistic region, that uses Nitrogen instead of a liquid working fluid. With this approach a substantially lower error for the injected quantity in the low quantity region can be accomplished. The second application case is an assembly between the pin and the armature of the solenoid control valve of a common rail diesel injector. These studies have confirmed the possibilities of the press prototype in real application cases; thus, the press can be inserted in real industrial process, achieving the scope of the research.
Books on the topic "Fuel Injector Assembly"
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Staff, United States Army. Field and Depot Maintenance Manual for Pump, Injector, Fuel Assembly, 2910-333-5006 , Pump, Injector, Fuel Assembly, 2910-571-. General Books LLC, 2012.
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Staff, United States Army. Field and Depot Maintenance for Engine, Diesel , Turbosupercharged, Fuel Injected, Water Cooled, 6-Cylinder, Assembly-2815-897-5061, (Conti. General Books LLC, 2012.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Fuel Injector Assembly"
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Pyeon, Cheol Ho. "Reactor Kinetics." In Accelerator-Driven System at Kyoto University Critical Assembly, 51–81. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0344-0_3.
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AbstractIn static and kinetic experimental analyses, the reactivity effect of introducing a neutron guide has been examined with various materials and adjustments of the beam window. With the objective of improving the KUCA core characteristics, the implementation of the neutron guide is predicted to increase the fast neutrons in directing the fuel region. With regard to the kinetic characteristics, the subcriticality and the prompt neutron decay constant are monitored for several core configurations and detector positions. The KUCA core is equipped to make locally a hard spectrum core region with the combined use of 235U fuel, a polyethylene moderator, and a Pb–Bi reflector for criticality. In this study, the first attempt is made to examine experimentally the characteristics of kinetics parameters in ADS comprised of 235U-fueled and Pb–Bi-zoned core, and spallation neutrons generated by an injection of 100 MeV protons onto the solid Pb–Bi target. Online monitoring of reactivity has been deduced in real time by the inverse kinetic method on the basis of the one-point kinetic equation with measured neutron signals in the core. Here, measurements by the one-point kinetic equation are validated through the subcriticality evaluation with the PNS histogram and the methodology by the inhour equation.
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Pyeon, Cheol Ho. "Neutron Spectrum." In Accelerator-Driven System at Kyoto University Critical Assembly, 125–56. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0344-0_5.
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AbstractThe subcritical multiplication factor is considered an important index for recognizing, in the core, the number of fission neutrons induced by an external neutron source. In this study, the influences of different external neutron sources on core characteristics are carefully monitored. Here, the high-energy neutrons generated by the neutron yield at the location of the target are attained by the injection of 100 MeV protons onto these targets. In actual ADS cores, liquid Pb–Bi has been selected as a material for the target that generates spallation neutrons and for the coolant in fast neutron spectrum cores. The neutron spectrum information is acquired by the foil activation method in the 235U-fueled and Pb–Bi-zoned fuel region of the core, modeling the Pb–Bi coolant core locally around the central region. The neutron spectrum is considered an important parameter for recognizing information on neutron energy at the target. Also, the neutron spectrum evaluated by reliable methodologies could contribute to the accurate prediction of reactor physics parameters in the core through numerical simulations of desired precision. In the present chapter, experimental analyses of high-energy neutrons over 20 MeV are conducted after adequate preparation of experimental settings.
Conference papers on the topic "Fuel Injector Assembly"
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Gattoni, John M., David M. Sykes, and Paul E. Yelvington. "Advanced Fuel Injection System Using a Supercavitating Fuel Injector." In ASME 2015 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2015-1021.
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Using the latest manufacturing technology and patented nozzle geometry, an innovative high-speed (two or more injections at an engine operating speed of 6,000 RPM), lightweight fuel injection system was developed that controls supercavitation within the fuel injector nozzle. The patented supercavitating fuel injector nozzle reduces the penetration length of the fuel spray by 25–30%, average droplet size by 15.5% when operating at the same fuel pressure, and improves droplet size uniformity over conventional nozzles. The combination of these properties represents a tremendous opportunity to improve fuel delivery in engines. In addition to the performance benefits, this technology could be easily implemented into any direct-injected engine system, both compression ignition and spark ignition engines, reciprocating and rotary, because only the nozzle assembly needs to be developed for that particular fuel injector platform.
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Shuiyuan, Tang, Fan Hongli, Wang Lianhong, and Wang Kaibin. "Research on the Leakage of Fuel Injector and Its Assembly Gap." In 2012 Third International Conference on Digital Manufacturing and Automation (ICDMA). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdma.2012.169.
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Chowdhury, H. A., and A. G. Olabi. "A Finite Element Approach for the Implementation of Magnetostrictive Material Terfenol-D in CNG Fuel Injection Actuation." In ASME 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2008-50017.
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In applications broadly defined for actuation, magnetostrictive materials possess intrinsic rapid response times while providing small and accurate displacements and high-energy efficiency, which are some of the essential parameters for fast control of fuel injector valves for decreased engine emissions and lower fuel consumption. This paper investigates the application of Terfenol-D as a magnetostrictive actuator material for CNG fuel injection actuation. A prototype fuel injector assembly, which includes Terfenol-D as the core actuator material, was modeled in Finite Element Method Magnetics (FEMM) simulation software for 2D magnetics simulation. FEMM was used in order to determine the coil-circuit parameters and the required flux density or applied magnetic field to achieve the desired magnetostrictive strain, and consequently, the injector needle lift. The FEMM magnetic simulation was carried out with four different types of AWG coil wires and four different coil thicknesses of the entire injector assembly in order to evaluate the relationship between the different coil types and thicknesses against the achieved strain or injector lift.
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Chasos, Charalambos. "CFD simulations of the diesel jet primary atomization from a multihole injector." In ILASS2017 - 28th European Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ilass2017.2017.5040.
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High pressure multi-hole diesel injectors are currently used in direct-injection common-rail diesel engines for the improvement of fuel injection and air/fuel mixing, and the overall engine performance. The resulting spray injection characteristics are dictated by the injector geometry and the injection conditions, as well as the ambient conditions into which the liquid is injected. The main objective of the present study was to design a high pressure multi-hole diesel injector and model the two-phase flow using the volume of fluid (VOF) method, in order to predict the initial liquid jet characteristics for various injection conditions. A computer aided design (CAD) software was employed for the design of the three-dimensional geometry of the assembly of the injector and the constant volume chamber into which the liquid jet emerges. A typical six-hole diesel injector geometry was modelled and the holes were symmetrically located around the periphery of the injector tip. The injector nozzle diameter and length were 0.2 mm and 1 mm, respectively, resulting in a ratio of nozzle orifice length over nozzle diameter L/D = 5. The commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code STAR-CD was used for the generation of the computational mesh and for transient simulations with an Eulerian approach incorporating the VOF model for the two-phase flow and the Rayleigh model for the cavitation phenomenon. Three test cases for increasing injection pressure of diesel injection from the high pressure multi-hole diesel injector into high pressure and high temperature chamber conditions were investigated. From the injector simulations of the test cases, the nozzle exit velocity components were determined, along with the emerging liquid jet breakup length at the nozzle exit. Furthermore, the spray angle was estimated by the average radial displacement of the liquid jet and air mixture at the vicinity of the nozzle exit. The breakup length of the liquid jet and the spray cone angle which were determined from the simulations, were compared with the breakup length and cone angle estimated by empirical equations. From the simulations, it was found that cavitation takes place at the nozzle inlet for all the cases, and affects the fuel and air interaction at the upper area of the spray jet. Furthermore, the spray jet breakup length increases with elapsed time, and when the injection pressure increases both the breakup length and the spray cone angle increase.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ILASS2017.2017.5040
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Klingbeil, Adam, Brett Heher, Manuel Flores, Antonio Triana Padilla, Thomas Lavertu, Tristen Tinar, and Scott Ellis. "Cooled Spray Technology for Particulate Reduction in a Heavy-Duty Engine." In ASME 2022 ICE Forward Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2022-90604.
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Abstract Diesel Engine Emission Reduction Technologies like Ducted Fuel Injection and Cooled Spray use passive hardware elements near the fuel injector spray holes to improve combustion and reduce particulate matter, with minimal impact on other performance parameters. This paper discusses the fabrication, installation and testing of Cooled spray inserts in a heavy-duty diesel engine. A cylinder head assembly with a Cooled Spray insert design, developed by Wabtec, allows use of multiple insert geometries for test purposes. As there are multiple test geometries planned and because proper alignment of the insert and injector is critical for the combustion process, manual alignment of the Cooled Spray device to the fuel injector is required. The location of injector holes within the cooled spray insert are imaged using a fiber-optic borescope. Imaging of the alignment with different injectors shows varying degrees of alignment success, suggesting that the injector nozzle variation may contribute to the misalignment between the individual nozzle holes and the fuel passages of the insert. Prior to the engine testing, a one-dimensional thermodynamic engine model provided boundary conditions for single cylinder engine testing. Finally, engine performance of the cooled spray insert is compared to the baseline engine performance. The test results show that an alignment improvement of 0.15mm reduced Filter Smoke Number by 85%. Additionally, Cooled Spray caused 70% reduction in Filter Smoke Number compared to the non-Cooled Spray for one condition while showing emissions parity or increases at other conditions.
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Tap, F. A., R. Modi, and J. P. Van Buijtenen. "Liquid Fuel Spray Characterization for the Design of the Dual-Fuel PGT10B Combustor." In ASME Turbo Expo 2001: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2001-gt-0044.
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The Dry Low NOx (DLN) silo combustor of the Nuovo Pignone PGT10B gas turbine is being redesigned to meet Dual-Fuel capability. A prototype with specially designed fuel injectors, placed on airfoil-shaped elements, was tested at cold conditions (using water instead of Diesel fuel) to map the spray mass distribution at the premixer exit. The resulting profile showed high concentrations of liquid near the premixer centerline and on the premixer wall. Parallel to this test, a small-scale experimental and numerical study was made of a single atomizer of the fuel system, placed in cross flow position. This small-scale study was launched in order to gain insight in the behavior of the spray, as well as to assess the relative importance of spray modeling parameters. The PDPA experiments and 2D CFD simulations of these experiments showed fair agreement on the average drop size distribution and drop size-velocity correlation. The flow visualization also revealed liquid film formation on the surface of the airfoil, behind the injector, due to the low atomization pressure differential at cold conditions. Using this modeling experience, the spray patternation test with the prototype combustor has been modeled using an existing 3D CFD model of the premixer. The model also showed high liquid concentration on the wall, but not near the centerline. From the results of the small-scale study it is concluded that the measured high concentration near the premixer centerline is not a result of the flow field. It is assumed that in the complete assembly the liquid film from the injector vanes accumulates on the center body, resulting in a high liquid concentration downstream on the premixer centerline. Overall, the application of CFD analyses on the tests performed proved to be a very useful tool to evaluate the test results. The modeling experience identified the important factors in modeling the fuel spray in a gas turbine environment, but further evolution of computer resources is required before large-scale test results will be reproducible with CFD models.
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Liu, Shijie, Huimin Sun, Jilin Zhang, Baifeng Liu, and Zili Wang. "Study on Virtual Assembly and Disassembly Technology in Practical Teaching of Fuel Injector of Marine Auxiliary Boiler." In Proceedings of the 2019 2nd International Conference on Mathematics, Modeling and Simulation Technologies and Applications (MMSTA 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/mmsta-19.2019.18.
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Barker, A. G., and J. F. Carrotte. "Compressor Exit Conditions and Their Impact on Flame Tube Fuel Injector Flows." In ASME 1999 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/99-gt-238.
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Within a gas turbine engine the flow field issuing from the compression system is non-uniform containing, for example, circumferential and radial variations in the flow field due to wakes from the upstream compressor outlet guide vanes (OGVs). In addition, variations can arise due to the presence of radial load bearing struts within the pre-diffuser. This paper is concerned with the characterisation of this non-uniform flow field, prior to the combustion system, and the subsequent effect on the flame tube fuel injector flows and hence combustion processes. A mainly experimental investigation has been undertaken using a fully annular test facility which incorporates a single stage axial flow compressor, diffuser and flame tube. Measurements have been made of the flow field, and its frequency content, within the dump cavity. Furthermore, the stagnation pressure presented to the core, outer and dome swirler passages of a fuel injector has been obtained for different circumferential positions of the upstream OGV/pre-diffuser assembly. These pressure variations, amounting to as much as 20% of the pressure drop across the fuel injector, also affect the flow field immediately downstream of the injector. In addition, general variations in pressure around the fuel injector have also been observed due to, for example, the fuel injector position relative to pre-diffuser exit and the flame tube cowl.
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Wankhede, Moresh J., Neil W. Bressloff, Andy J. Keane, Luca Caracciolo, and Marco Zedda. "An Analysis of Unstable Flow Dynamics and Flashback Mechanism Inside a Swirl-Stabilised Lean Burn Combustor." In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-22253.
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A modern lean burn combustor for propulsion application using a multi-swirler fuel injector system is studied under partially premixed combustion conditions. Combustion induced vortex breakdown (CIVB) plays an important role in establishing the near-field aerodynamic characteristics of lean burn fuel injectors, influencing fuel/air mixing and flame stability. The precise nature of the vortex breakdown can take on several forms mainly consisting of a precessing vortex core (PVC) and the appearance of multiple helical vortices formed in the swirl stream shear layer. In the present study a numerical investigation is carried out with an unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier Stokes (URANS) solver to capture the evolution of the PVC in the vicinity of the air blast atomizer of the injector and the helical vortex patterns inside the combustor. PVC suppression is captured causing upstream flame propagation and a sudden rise in the temperature near the injector end. The existence of hot-spots is reported near the injector end which can increase NOx production and also cause possible damage to the injector assembly itself. The unsteady dynamics of the PVC, which significantly influences fuel efficiency and emissions, are analyzed for a relatively long period of real time. The variation of velocity along the axis of the combustor confirming upstream flame propagation in to the injector is plotted. Mass weighted average temperatures across different planes in the combustor are monitored as target functions. The influence of different time-step sizes on the prediction of the temperature across these different planes is also presented. For this lean burn combustor using a complex multi-swirler fuel injector system, the results demonstrate the formation of a startup PVC in the vicinity of the air blast atomizer of the injector, its unstable mode of excitation, sustainment and suppression due to CIVB over a period of time and its strong influence on injector near-field aero-thermodynamics.
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Malik, M. Afzaal, Badar Rashid, and Shahab Khushnood. "Dynamic Analysis of Fluid Flowing Through Micro Porous Filters Using Bondgraph Approach." In ASME 2006 2nd Joint U.S.-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting Collocated With the 14th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2006-98397.
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Delivery of optimized fuel injection pressure to combustion chamber of an engine assembly leads to optimum torque and horsepower. Contaminant free supply of fuel without compromising on volume flow rate is the most important design requirement. Incorporation of very fine fuel filters having less than 10 micron rating reduces volume flow rate at the injection nozzles whereas fuel filter with larger pore size stabilize the injection pressure but may result into failure of fuel injection pump assembly due to scuffing produced by the fuel contaminant between the plunger and sleeve of hydraulic head of fuel injection pump. The fuel flows from fuel tank through low-pressure injection line, primary and secondary fuel filters, fuel transfer pump, fuel injection pump, and high-pressure injection line and injector nozzles. Modeling and simulation of volume flow rate vis-a`-vis fuel injection pressure together with micro-porous fuel filter poses a formidable challenge. Bondgraph method (BGM) is ideally suited for the modeling and simulation of such a multi-domain dynamic system. The aim of this research is to apply BGM to model and simulate the optimized fuel injection pressure and analysis of filters with different micro-porosity and their effect on volume flow rate. Fuel filter porosity, inlet and outlet pressures of transfer pump, fuel injection pump and low/high pressure injection line pressure have been determined experimentally. These experimentally determined parameters are then used as input in our Bondgraph model for the dynamic analysis of fuel injection pressure incorporating micro-porous filters.