Academic literature on the topic 'Fuel lourd'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Fuel lourd.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Fuel lourd"
1
Silva, Fernanda Liliane De Araújo, Rinalda Araújo Guerra de Oliveira, and Ednaldo Cavalcante de Araújo. "Use of medicinal plants by the elders at a family health estrategy." Revista de Enfermagem UFPE on line 2, no. 1 (February 7, 2008): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5205/reuol.400-11163-1-le.0201200802.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTThis study about medicinal plants was done at a Santo Antônio’s aged group in the Family’s Health Estrategy in Pedras de Fogo city — Paraíba (PB), Brasil, with the purpose to rescue the popular’s medicine traditions, valuing the acquired experiences, evaluating the risks and the benefits of its use and extending the therapeutically resources in the health primary attention with the interchange, between knowing scientific and popular creating a book of region own prescriptions. The data were collects through a questionnaire that focused questions about plants origin, way of obtaining one, cultivating one, therapeutic indications, preparation way and of using. Amongst the 50 more used plants medicinal, ten had been cited: Capim-santo (Cymbopogan citratus (DC.) Stapf.), Hortelã-da-folha-miúda (Mentha x villosa Huds), Erva-Cidreira (Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E Br,), Hortelã-da-folha-grossa (Plectranthus amboinicus Lour (Spreng)), Louro (Laurus nobilis L.), Babosa (Aloe barbadenses Mill), Colônia (Alpinia speciosa Schum), Sabugueiro (Sambucus australis Cham et Schelecht), Chachambá (Justicia pectoralis Jack) and Erva-doce (Pimpinella anisum L), which by means of consulted literature would can be part of the therapeutical armory of the Health Family Estrategies at Pedras de Fogo. Descriptors: aged; plants medicinal; knowledge.RESUMOEstudo descritivo exploratório, com o objetivo principal de investigar as plantas medicinais cultivadas e usadas pelos idosos cadastrados na Estratégia Saúde da Família Santo Antônio do município de Pedras de Fogo — Paraíba (PB), Brasil. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizado um formulário contemplando questões acerca da origem das plantas, modo de obtenção, cultivo, indicações terapêuticas, modo de preparo e de uso. Foi montado um banco de dados para análise dos dados que revelaram, dentre as 50 plantas medicinais mais usadas, dez foram as mais citadas: Capim-santo (Cymbopogan citratus (DC.) Stapf.), Hortelã-da-folha-miúda (Mentha x villosa Huds), Erva-cidreira (Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E Br,), Hortelã-da-folha-grossa (Plectranthus amboinicus Lour (Spreng)), Louro (Laurus nobilis L.), Babosa (Aloe barbadenses Mill), Colônia (Alpinia speciosa Schum), Sabugueiro (Sambucus australis Cham et Schelecht), Chachambá (Justicia pectoralis Jack) e Erva-doce (Pimpinella anisum L), as quais, mediante a literatura consultada, poderão fazer parte do arsenal terapêutico das Estratégias Saúde da Família do Município de Pedras de Fogo. Descritores: idosos; plantas medicinais; conhecimento.RESUMENEste estudio sobre las plantas medicinales fue hecho con los ancianos registrados en las Estratégias Salud de la Familia Santo Antônio, en la ciudad de Pedras de Fogo — Paraíba (PB), Brasil, con el propósito de rescatar las tradiciones populares de la medicina, valorando las experiencias adquiridas, evaluando los riesgos y las ventajas de su uso y extendiendo los recursos terapéuticos en la atención primaria de la salud con el intercambio, entre saber científico y popular creando un libro de la región para poseer prescripciones. Los datos fueran recogidos a través de un instrumento que enfocó preguntas sobre el origen de las plantas, manera de obtener las plantas, cultivo, las indicaciones terapéuticas, manera de preparación y el uso. Entre las 50 plantas medicinales más usadas, diez fueron las más citadas: Capim-santo (Cymbopogan citratus (DC.) Stapf.), Hortelã-da-folha-miúda (Mentha x villosa Huds), Erva-cidreira (Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E Br,), Hortelã-da-folha-grossa (Plectranthus amboinicus Lour (Spreng)), Louro (Laurus nobilis L.), Babosa (Aloe barbadenses Mill), Colônia (Alpinia speciosa Schum), Sabugueiro (Sambucus australis Cham et Schelecht), Chachambá (Justicia pectoralis Jack) e Erva-doce (Pimpinella anisum L); las cuales mediante la literatura consultada podrán ser parte del arsenal terapéutico de las Estratégias Salud de la Familia de Pedras de Fogo. Descritores: ancianos; plantas medicinales; conocimiento.
2
Hingorani, Kastoori, and Warwick Hillier. "Perspectives for Photobiology in Molecular Solar Fuels." Australian Journal of Chemistry 65, no. 6 (2012): 643. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch12096.
Full textAbstract:
This paper presents an overview of the prospects for bio-solar energy conversion. The Global Artificial Photosynthesis meeting at Lord Howe Island (14–18 August 2011) underscored the dependence that the world has placed on non-renewable energy supplies, particularly for transport fuels, and highlighted the potential of solar energy. Biology has used solar energy for free energy gain to drive chemical reactions for billions of years. The principal conduits for energy conversion on earth are photosynthetic reaction centres – but can they be harnessed, copied and emulated? In this communication, we initially discuss algal-based biofuels before investigating bio-inspired solar energy conversion in artificial and engineered systems. We show that the basic design and engineering principles for assembling photocatalytic proteins can be used to assemble nanocatalysts for solar fuel production.
3
Aagaard, Anna Marie. "The Things of Heaven Shall Become the Things of Earth." Mission Studies 5, no. 1 (1988): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157338388x00257.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe word of the Lord of Hosts came to me: These are the words of the Lord of Hosts: I have been jealous for Zion, fiercely jelous for her. Now, says the Lord, I have come back to Zion and I will dwell in Jerusalem. Jerusalem shall be called the City of Truth, and the mountain of the Lord of Hosts shall be called the Holy Montain. These are the words of the Lord of Hosts: Once again shall old men and old women sit in the streets of Jerusalem, each leaning on a stick because of their great age; and the streets of the city shall be full of boys and girls, playing in the streets. These are the words of the Lord of Hosts: Even if it may seem impossible to the survivors of this nation on that day, will it also seem impossible to me? This is the very words of the Lord of Hosts. These are the words of the Lord of Hosts: See I will rescue my people from the countries of the east and the west, and bring them back to live in Jerusalem. They shall be my people, and I will be their God, in truth and justice. Zechariah 8,1-8 (NEB)
4
Miller, Patrick D. "“Enthroned on the Praises of Israel”." Interpretation: A Journal of Bible and Theology 39, no. 1 (January 1985): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002096438503900102.
Full text
5
Liu, Ya Jun, Shu Yan Zhan, Jia Kun Ye, and Wen Hua Xie. "New Designs in Fuel Dispensing System to Control Maximum Flow of Volatile Liquid." Applied Mechanics and Materials 868 (July 2017): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.868.75.
Full textAbstract:
The dispenser is a fuel pumping and measurement device used in the service station. During the refueling process of volatile liquid, the cavitation phenomenon occur easily due to the large flow rate. The serious cavitation will not only reduce the pumping efficiency, produce loud work noise, but also aggravate the pollution of oil and gas and the energy consumption of the system. Therefore, it is necessary to control the maximum flow rate of the pump. Based on this problem, this paper firstly designs a new flow control valve, and a method of mathematical modeling is proposed to analyze the flow field distribution and the working principle of the whole device based on Euler equation and Bernoulli equation. Then we combine this new hydraulic device to the variable frequency dispenser, a new design of the dispenser structure and a control mode of the maximum flow are proposed. The theoretical research shows that the maximum flow can be limited by optimizing diameter ratio of that flow control valve.
6
Beverly, Jennifer L., Sonja E. R. Leverkus, Hilary Cameron, and Dave Schroeder. "Stand-Level Fuel Reduction Treatments and Fire Behaviour in Canadian Boreal Conifer Forests." Fire 3, no. 3 (July 27, 2020): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire3030035.
Full textAbstract:
Stand-level fuel reduction treatments in the Canadian boreal zone are used predominantly in community protection settings to alter the natural structure of dominant boreal conifer stands such as black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP), jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia). The aim of these fuel treatments is to inhibit the development of fast-spreading, high-intensity crown fires that naturally occur in boreal forest ecosystems. We document fuel treatment design standards used in boreal forests in Canada and review data requirements and methodological approaches for investigating fuel treatment effects on fire behaviour. Through a series of illustrative examples and summaries of empirical observations, we explore the implications of data and modelling assumptions used to estimate fire behaviour in fuel-treated areas and identify insights about fuel treatment effectiveness in boreal conifer stands. Fuel treatments in black spruce, jack pine and lodgepole pine stands were generally effective at reducing modelled and observed fire behaviour and inhibiting crown fire development and spread under low to moderate fire weather conditions. Evidence suggests that fuel treatments in these fuel types will be ineffective when rates of spread and wind speeds are very high or extreme. High surface fuel loads combined with the relatively short stature of boreal conifer trees can further undermine fuel treatment efforts. Priority areas for future study include examining alternatives for managing surface fuel loads in treated stands, exploring the viability of alternative horizontal fuel reduction protocols such as clumped fuel configurations, and integrating suppression and containment strategies within the fuel treatment planning and design process.
7
Feugier, A., and G. Martin. "Influence de la nature des fuels lourds sur la qualité de leur combustion." Revue de l'Institut Français du Pétrole 40, no. 4 (July 1985): 497–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.2516/ogst:1985031.
Full text
8
Webster, Mandy. "Civil Procedure Rules Resources." Legal Information Management 2, no. 3 (2002): 53–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1472669600001286.
Full textAbstract:
The basic resource is the Lord Chancellor's Department with the full text of the CPR, practice directions, schedules and pre-action protocols available in Word, pdf and html formats. The major advantage of this resource is its currency, with updated versions appearing here first. The opening page provides clear information on the latest changes and when they come into force. Consultation papers on civil matters are also provided in full.
9
Hwang, Kun, Seung Jae Lee, Seong Yeon Kim, Se Won Hwang, and Ae Yang Kim. "Medical doctors as the captain of a ship: an analysis of medical students’ book reports on Joseph Conrad’s “Lord Jim”." Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions 11 (November 27, 2014): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2014.11.33.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose: In South Korean ferry disaster in 2014, the captain abandoned the ship with passengers including high school students still aboard. We noticed the resemblance of abandoning the ship with passengers still aboard the ferry (named the Sewol) and the ship Patna, which was full of pilgrims, in Joseph Conrad’s novel “Lord Jim.” The aim of this study is to see how medical students think about the role of a medical doctor as a captain of a ship by analyzing book reports on Conrad’s “Lord Jim.” Methods: Participants included 49 third-year medical students. Their book reports were analyzed. Results: If placed in the same situation as the character of Jim, 24 students of the 49 respondents answered that they would stay with the passengers, while 18 students indicated they would escape from the ship with the crew. Most of the students thought the role of a doctor in the medical field was like that of a ‘captain.’ The medical students reported that they wanted to be a doctor who is responsible for his or her patients, highly moral, warm-hearted, honest, and with high self-esteem. Conclusion: In conclusion, we found that “Lord Jim” induced the virtue of ‘responsibility’ from the medical students. Consequently, “Lord Jim” could be good teaching material for medical humanities.
10
Audibert, F., and F. Bertrand. "Modélisation de la combustion de fuels lourds prenant en compte la dispersion des asphaltènes." Revue de l'Institut Français du Pétrole 47, no. 2 (March 1992): 269–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2516/ogst:1992019.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Fuel lourd"
1
Tarlet, Dominique. "Contribution à la combustion des émulsions de l'eau dans le fioul lourd." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005429.
Full textAbstract:
Les fiouls lourds, les huiles usagées ou les graisses animales constituent des combustibles denses et visqueux qu'il est possible de valoriser. Brûler ces combustibles en émulsion avec l'eau diminue la longueur de flamme et surtout la formation de résidus carbonés solides (particules) par rapport au combustible pur. Car le phénomène de micro explosion, qui consiste en la vaporisation rapide (<0.1 ms.) des gouttelettes d'eau internes, disloque la gouttelette d'émulsion en plusieurs gouttelettes plus petites. Dans un premier temps, un modèle instationnaire de la gouttelette d'émulsion permet, grâce à un critère approprié (vaporisation des gouttelettes d'eau internes en état liquide métastable) d'établir une prédiction numérique de son délai de micro explosion. Cette prédiction est confrontée à des mesures expérimentales issues de la littérature, avec différents paramètres de combustion et différentes formulations de l'émulsion (soit 27 situations différentes). Puis ce modèle de gouttelette individuelle est incorporé à un modèle de combustion en spray, prenant en compte le phénomène de micro explosion : les résultats permettent de comparer la flamme obtenue (~150 kW) avec et sans émulsification du combustible. Cette comparaison des champs de température et des longueurs de flamme confirme qualitativement les tendances observées dans des études expérimentales de la littérature. Enfin, une campagne expérimentale sur une chaudière industrielle de puissance modeste (~200 kW) permet de mesurer une baisse reproductible (entre 30 et 35%) des émissions de particules en utilisant une émulsion de l'eau dans le fioul lourd, par rapport au fioul lourd pur. La mesure de la granulométrie des particules émises permet de fournir un indicateur de micro explosion.
2
Chik, Abdellah. "Etude de la formation de cénosphères au cours de la pyrolyse d'hydrocarbures résiduels." Mulhouse, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MULH0013.
Full textAbstract:
L'étude est réalisée à l'aide d'un appareil permettant de génerer un chapelet de gouttelettes monodispersées de fuel (par un capillaire soumis à une vibration périodique) et de mesurer les diamètres des gouttelettes avant et après pyrolyse et atmosphère d'azote. Les résultats d'analyse des résidus de carbonisation recueillis à la sortie du four ont été recoupés par des essais à l'échelle semi industrielle, sur huit fuels différents
3
Braham, Ben Said Zeineb. "Caractérisation et vieillissement des produits pétroliers par méthodes chimiométriques et développement spectral." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4317.
Full textAbstract:
L'objectif de cette thèse est de caractériser les phénomènes d'oxydation de lubrifiants pétroliers et les produits lourds du pétrole. Dans les deux thématiques « lubrifiants » et «lourds pétroliers », une étude de veille stratégique a été effectuée en préalable des études analytiques et chimométriques dans ce cadre le paramètre temps est important. Il nous permet de comprendre les évolutions des domaines, leurs actualités et leur(s) pertinence(s) en précisant si ces domaines sont déjà en phase technologique et utilisation industrielle ou encore en phase de développement. Les huiles lubrifiantes doivent répondre à certaines exigences afin d'optimiser leur performance lors de l'utilisation dans le moteur. Dans ce travail, divers composés soufrés sont testés afin de déterminer le potentiel antioxydant. Deux huiles de base et sept additifs sont testés. Il apparaît que les composés soufrés avec des longues chaînes aliphatiques augmentent la résistance de l'huile, quelle que soit sa nature. Les fiouls lourds utilisés pour les moteurs de bateau peuvent être considérés comme un déchet de raffinage. Néanmoins, la spécification de ces produits est très stricte notamment pour la combustion, la stabilité et la teneur en soufre. Leurs caractérisations nécessitent l'analyse de diverses propriétés, qui sont essentielles pour le contrôle et le développement de technologies de moteurs d'entraînement. L'utilisation d'un support de diffusion permet de s'affranchir des problèmes de nettoyage de cuve couramment rencontréesThe objective of this thesis is to characterize the phenomena of oxidation of oil lubricants and the heavy products of petroleum. In both themes « lubricating » and « Heavy Fuel Oil », a study of strategic monitoring was performed before analytical and chemometrics studies in this frame the parameter time is important. It helps us to understand changes domains, their news and their relevance and whether these domains are already in industrial use and technological phase or development stage scientific research. Lubricating oils must meet certain requirements in order to optimize their performance when operating in the engine. In this work various types of sulfur compounds are tested to identify the antioxidant potential. Two base oils and seven additives are tested. It appears that sulfur compounds with long aliphatic chains increases resistance of oil, whatever its nature. Heavy fuel oil used for boat motors can be considered as refining waste. Nevertheless the most stringent specification as burning, stability and sulfur content. Their characterizations require the analysis of various properties, which are essential for driving control and the development of engine technologies. The use of a diffusing support allows to free itself from problems of tank cleaning usually met. The aim of this work is to analyze fuel on the boat at the entrance of the engine in order to increase the motor performances and decrease the pollutants by a near infrared miniaturized sensor
4
Elmoussaoui, Abdeloihid. "Application de l’analyse factorielle et de la classification automatique à une étude chronologique multidimensionnelle : cas du marché pétrolier français." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066504.
Full textAbstract:
Analyse statistique de la consommation de quatre produits pétroliers dans les départements français durant les mois successifs de la décennie 1972-1981. Des analyses partielles permettent de voir l'évolution diachronique à long terme et les influences saisonnières. Une analyse de synthèse permet de voir les disparités interdépartementales.
5
Witzel, Lars. "Formation d’imbrûlés solides lors de la combustion des fuels lourds." Lyon, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAL0028.
Full textAbstract:
Les préoccupations environnementales amènent à des limites réglementaires d'émission de plus en plus sévères pour la combustion des fuels lourds. Notre objectif est de déterminer les possibilités de prédiction des imbrûlés solides émis par les chaudières industrielles. Dans un premier temps, des gouttelettes de fuel lourd sont pyrolysées dans un tube à chute en milieu inerte pour obtenir des particules solides (des sphères creuses appelées cénosphères). Le rapport massique, cénosphères/fuel injecté est établi. Dans un deuxième temps la réactivité à l'air est mesurée par analyse thermogravimétrique. Les résultats obtenus (rapport massique cénosphères/fuel injecté, réactivité et température d’inflammation des cénosphères peuvent suffire pour assurer le suivi d'une production d'un fuel et pour tester l'efficacité d'un additif de combustion. Un modèle de simulation de la pyrolyse rapide d'une gouttelette de fuel lourd et de la formation d'une particule solide a été développéAn enforced conscience toward the environment led too stricter emission limit regulations for the combustion of heavy fuel oil. This work is ta determine the possibilities for the prediction of solid emissions of industrial plants. In a first step fuel oil droplets are pyrolysed in inert gas while falling down a tube , to obtain solid particles (hollow spheres, called cenospheres). The mass ratio cenospheres/injected fuel is established. In a second step, the reactivity with air is measured by thermogravimetric analysis. The results (mass ratio cenospheres/fuel, reactivity and ignitions temperature of the cenospheres) may be sufficient to control the quality of one heavy fuel oil production and to test the efficiency of combustion additives. A model that simulates the fast pyrolysis of a heavy fuel oil droplet and the particle formation has been developed
6
Vignet, Caroline. "Altération de la physiologie des poissons exposés à des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) : comportement et reproduction." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LAROS003/document.
Full textAbstract:
Les hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) sont des polluants organiques persistants qui sont présents en mélange complexe dans l’environnement et notamment dans les milieux aquatiques. Ils s’adsorbent sur les particules en suspension, s’accumulent dans les sédiments et dans les premiers maillons de la chaîne trophique. L’objectif de cette étude était de mesurer les effets à long terme d’une contamination par des HAP chez un modèle de vertébrés : le poisson zèbre. Dans un premier temps, des embryons ont été exposés pendant les 4 premiers jours de leur développement sur du sédiment naturel enrobé de 3 HAP individuel (phénanthrène, pyrène et benzo[a]pyrène) puis transférés et élevés en eau propre. Dans un deuxième temps, des poissons ont été exposés par voie alimentaire tout au long du cycle de vie et dès le premier repas à 3 fractions de HAP à doses environnementales enrobées sur les aliments : une fraction pyrolytique (PY) extraite d’un sédiment échantillonné dans la Seine et deux fractions pétrogéniques (un fuel lourd (HO) provenant de l’Erika et un pétrole brut type Arabian light (LO)). Les effets à long terme sur la croissance, la survie, la reproduction et le comportement ont été évalués à différents âges. Ces effets ont pu être observés à plusieurs échelles, i.e. de la molécule, aux tissus et organes puis à l’échelle de l’individu. Globalement, chez les poissons contaminés, la croissance est ralentie, la survie larvaire diminuée chez les HO, la fonction reproduction est altérée fortement à la fois au niveau hormonal, tissulaire et phénotypique ainsi que les réponses comportementales léthargiques ou hyper-réactives selon les cas. L’exposition par voie sédimentaire a révélé des effets visibles lorsque les individus atteignaient 6 mois soulignant l’existence d’effets tardifs, notamment sur les réponses comportementales, d’une exposition très précoce y compris chez la descendance. Quant à l’exposition par voie alimentaire, elle a montré une gradation des effets. Toutes fonctions confondues, les résultats obtenus permettent d'établir une hiérarchie dans la toxicité des fractions étudiées : PY < LO ≈ HO. L'approche multi-échelle utilisée dans ce travail a permis, en partant d'informations acquises au niveau moléculaire, tissulaire et individuel, d'aboutir à une compréhension intégrée des conséquences qu'une exposition à des HAP peut avoir sur l'aptitude à la survie des poissons dans leur milieu naturel ainsi qu'à leur capacité à participer au renouvellement des générations futuresPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) which are found in complex mixtures in the environment including aquatic ecosystems. They adsorb on particles, accumulate in sediment and in the first link of the food web. The aim of this study was to measure long term effects of PAHs contamination on a vertebrate model : the zebrafish. In a first study, embryos were exposed on natural sediment spiked with 3 individual PAH (phenanthrene, pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene) during the first four days of their development. In a second study, to evaluate the consequences of long-term chronic exposure to PAHs, zebrafish were exposed, from their first meal (5 days post fertilisation) until they became reproducing adults, to diets spiked with three PAHs fractions at environmentally relevant concentrations (0.3X, 1X and 3X; with the 1X concentration being in the range of 4.6-6.7 μg.g-1 for total quantified PAHs). The fractions used were representative of PAHs of pyrolytic (PY) origin or of two different oils of differing compositions (a heavy fuel (HO) and a light crude oil (LO)). Long term effects on growth, survival, reproduction and behavior were evaluated at different ages. Effects were observed at molecule, tissue, organ and individual scales. In general, for contaminated fish, growth was reduced, larval survival decreased in HO, and reproduction was strongly impaired at hormonal, tissue and phenotypic levels, and behavioral responses were lethargic or hyperactive depending on fractions and stages. Sediment exposure still revealed visible effects when fish were 6 month old. These results hereby showed significant late effects, especially in behavioral responses after an early exposure, including in larvae issued from contaminated fish. In spiked diets contaminated fish, we observed a gradation of effects. Combining all functions, we established of hierarchy in toxicity in the studied fractions: PY < LO ≈ HO. Finally, our results gathered at a multiscale from molecule, to tissue and individuals, indicate that PAH mixtures of different compositions, representative of situations encountered in the wild, can promote lethal and sublethal effects which are likely to be detrimental for fish survival and recruitment into future generations
7
Bolourchi, Hassan. "La technique d'autolubrification aqueuse pour le transport en conduite des mélanges fuel-charbon et des résidus lourds du pétrole." Compiègne, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989COMPD165.
Full textAbstract:
Une nouvelle technique a été développée pour le transport en conduite d'une suspension concentrée de charbon dans le fuel lourd et d'un fluide visqueux à base de résidus lourds du pétrole. Cette technique consiste à former une émulsion convenable de l'eau dans le fluide à transporter, de sorte que, lors de l'écoulement en conduite, les gouttelettes d'eau soient susceptibles de se séparer de la phase continue pour produire une couche lubrifiante. La formation de cette couche aqueuse sur les parois peut alors faciliter le transport en conduite et diminuer la perte de charge. Ce travail est composé de deux parties : la première conduit au développement d'une formulation intéressante (la formulation PCN) qui permet de fabriquer un mélange fuel-charbon (chargé de 50% de charbon), dont la viscosité apparente est proche de celle du fuel lourd seul. D'après notre hypothèse, l'efficacité de la formulation PCN est attribuée à la formation d'une phase bicontinue. La seconde développe une sorte d'émulsion tri-phasique, de l'eau et l'air (la mousse) dans le résidu lourd. Une chute de perte de charge de 80% due au développement d'une couche lubrifiante, a été obtenue. Les résultats de ces travaux qui présentent une grande originalité ont abouti au dépôt de deux brevets : 1-Brevet français N° 2 571 735, (1986) ; 2-Brevet français N° 2 576 907 (1986)A new technique for in-pipe-transportation of a concentrated suspension of coal oil mixture (COM) and a viscous fluid of heavy residual oil has been developed. This technique consists of preparing a suitable emulsion of water in the concerned fluid, in such a way that, when flowing in the pipe, the droplets of water can be separated from the continuous phase in order to produce a thin lubricating layer. The formation of this aqueous layer on the inner walls of the pipe can facilitate the in-pipe-transportation and reduce pressure drop. This work is divided into two parts : The first part leads to the development of a new COM formulation (called COMHFY) for coal oil mixture of high fluidity which enables a 50% load of dry coal in COM to have the same apparent viscosity as pure heavy oil. According to our hypothesis, the efficiency of this formulation could be attributed to the formation of a bicontinuous phase in the COM. The second part develops a kind of three-phased emulsion of water and air (foam) in the heavy residual oil. The development of a lubricating layer leads to a reduction of 80% of the pressure drop. Due to the original aspect of this work, two patents have been obtained : 1-French Patent, N° 2 571 735, (1986) ; 2-French Patent, N° 2 576 907 (1986)
8
Tishkova, Victoria. "Nanoparticules de combustion émises par différents moyens de transport : caractérisation physico-chimique et hygroscopicité." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2009AIX22060.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
L'émission dans l'atmosphère de nanoparticules issues des transports préoccupe la communauté scientifique à cause de leurs impacts probables sur le changement climatique. La compréhension de l'effet de ces émissions sur l'environnement reste faible principalement à cause du manque de données expérimentales sur la caractérisation de ces nanoparticules. Ce travail est axé sur les propriétés physico-chimiques des nanoparticules de combustion et sur leur interaction avec l'eau. L'hydroscopicité est l'un des paramètres déterminants liés à la formation des noyaux de condensation des nuages (NCN). Les données expérimentales montrent des différences dans la microstructure, la composition chimique et la morphologie des suies de laboratoire et des résidus émis par les transports. Les quantités d'eau absorbées sur la suie de chambre de combustion de moteur d'avion et sur les résidus issus de la combustion de fioul lourd et de diesel sont bien plus importantes que sur les suies de laboratoire. Nous pouvons ainsi supposer que ces particules agissent comme des noyaux actifs dans la formation des NCNTransport emission of nanoparticles into atmosphere is of major interest because of its possible effect on climate changes. The understanding of the potential environmental effect of the aviation and ship emission is still poor maintly because of the lack in the experimental characterization of these nanoparticules. The present work focuses on physico-chemical properties of combustion nanoparticles and their interaction with water. Hygroscopicity is on of the key parameters that are related to could condensation nuclei (CCN) activity and the environnemental effect. Experimental data show differences in the microstructure, elemental composition residuals coming from marine transport emitted residuals. Water uptake on combustion residuals coming from marine transport and aviation is higher than for laboratory-produced samples. We can therfore guess that these particules act as active CCN in the atmosphere
9
Dudley, Cynthia. "Christian heroism in J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61875.
Full text
10
Agostino, Claire d'. "Modélisation de comportements de conducteurs réalistes pour l'estimation de l'efficacité énergétique durant le développement des véhicules poids-lourds." Thesis, Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ECDL0034.
Full textAbstract:
Dans un contexte où la consommation de carburant est un poste de coût de plus en plus important, la consommation et la vitesse moyenne d'un poids-lourds est l'une des caractéristiques clés estimées durant le développement des nouveaux véhicules. Ainsi, nous désirons créer différents modèles de conducteurs en termes de consommation et de vitesse moyenne, c'est à dire en termes de conduite rationnelle. Nous proposons une méthode en deux étapes: premièrement la reconnaissance des évènements de conduite grâce à des attributs de conduite. Puis la quantification de trois types de conduite différents sur ces évènements. Suite à ces deux étapes, nous pouvons implémenter nos résultats dans un outil qui crée différents modèles de conducteurs pour la simulation et le banc à rouleaux. Les écarts entre conducteurs se mesurent en termes de consommation de carburant et de vitesse moyenne. Le taux de classification des évènements s'étend de 74% à 91% selon le type d'évènements. Ces résultats sont dus à la nature même des données et aux similarités entre les classes, mais nous estimons que ces taux sont suffisants pour notre application. Nous obtenons également des corrélations prometteuses entre les attributs de conduite sélectionnés et l'indicateur de conduite rationnelle. Nous avons notamment porté notre étude sur les évènements classiques: les ronds-points, les péages et les arrêts. Les résultats de l'outil que nous avons développé sont pertinents. Nous pouvons désormais simuler différents types de chauffeurs. Sur nos essais en simulation, l'adaptation de seulement 10% des évènements d'un cycle découle sur un gain en consommation de 1.5% et une vitesse moyenne 3% plus élevée pour un conducteur efficace. Ces résultats sont encourageants, surtout que le travail à venir visera à augmenter la diversité des évènements couvertsRealistic driver behavior modeling for energy efficiency estimation during heavy-trucks vehicles development Abstract: In the context where fuel consumption is a growing cost center, fuel consumption of a truck coupled with its average speed is one of the key vehicle characteristics that needs to be optimized and accurately estimated during the truck design process. Consequently, we aim to create different driver behavior models for testing trucks regarding fuel consumption and average speed issues, i.e., rational driving. We propose a two-step method to model more accurately driving behavior: first, the identification of driving events through driving features. Second, the quantification of three different driving behaviors on the recognized driving events. Then we implement our results in a tool that creates these different driving behaviors. The output of this tool is a cycle adapted to a driver type in terms of fuel consumption and average speed, and that can be used in simulation and on chassis-dynamometer. The classification of driving events reaches classification rates between 74% and 91% depending on the events. We believe that they are sufficient for our application due to the raw nature of driving events and the similarities between the different classes. We also obtain promising results concerning the correlation between driving features and rational driving index. We focus especially on typical events, namely roundabout on extra-urban roads, toll on highways and stop on urban roads. The results of the developed tool prove to be efficient since we can now simulate different driving behaviors. On our test run in simulation, adapting only 10% of the events of a cycle produces fuel savings of 1.5% and an average speed which is 3% faster for an efficient driver than a non-efficient driver. These results are promising and we need to implement other events in the future
Books on the topic "Fuel lourd"
1
Sayers, Dorothy L. The nine tailors: Changes rung on an old theme in two short touches and two full peals. London: The Folio Society, 1998.
Find full text
2
A full and true account of the wonderful mission of Earl Lavender, which lasted one night and one day: With a history of the pursuit of Earl Lavender and Lord Brumm by Mrs Scamler and Maud Emblem. Kansas City: Valancourt Books, 2008.
Find full text
3
Newman, John Henry. Achilli vs. Newman [microform]: A full and authentic report of the prosecution for libel, tried before Lord Campbell and a special jury, in the Court of the Queen's Bench, Westminster, June, 1852 ; with introductory remarks by the editor of The confessional unmasked. London: British Library, 1986.
Find full text
4
Newman, John Henry. Extraordinary trial, Achilli versus Newman [microform]: A full and verbatim report of this celebrated trial, before the Lord Chief Justice Campbell, and a special jury at Westminster; on Monday, June 21, 1852 ; detailing the most extraordinary charges of immorality, debauchery, lewdness, and infidelity ever exhibited in a court of justice ; with the speeches of the learned counsel, the remarkable evidence of the female witnesses; and the evidence of Dr. Achilli ; with the summing up of the learned judge, and the decision of the jury; the whole forming the most extraordinary trial of modern days. --. London: British Library, 1986.
Find full text
5
Post, Saturday Evening, and Galison. Adoration of the Lord Holiday Full Notecards. Galison, 2016.
Find full text
7
Sayers, Dorothy L. Murder Must Advertise: A BBC Full-cast Radio Drama. BBC Books, 2006.
Find full text
10
Sayers, Dorothy L. The Unpleasantness at the Bellona Club: A BBC Radio 4 Full-Cast Dramatisation. BBC Books, 2006.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Fuel lourd"
1
"EOA: The Rocket Propellant Fuel." In For Crying Out Loud, 23–31. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119197713.ch3.
Full text
2
Trollope, Anthony. "‘Do you ever think what money is?’." In The Duke's Children. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199578382.003.0069.
Full textAbstract:
Gerald told his story, standing bolt upright, and looking his father full in the face as he told it. ‘You lost three thousand four hundred pounds at one sitting to Lord Percival—at cards!’ ‘Yes, sir.’ ‘In Lord Nidderdale’s house?’ ‘Yes, sir. Nidderdale wasn’t playing. It...
3
"18 The Air Is Full of Air." In A Spy in the House of Loud, 164–71. University of Texas Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7560/316221-019.
Full text
4
Blackmore, R. D. "Chapter XXII: A Long Spring Month." In Lorna Doone. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199537594.003.0024.
Full textAbstract:
AFTER hearing that tale from Lorna, I went home in sorry spirits, having added fear for her, and misery about her, to all my other ailments. And was it not quite certain now, that she being owned full cousin to a peer and lord of...
5
Casson, Catherine, Mark Casson, John S. Lee, and Katie Phillips. "Dynamics of the Property Market." In Compassionate Capitalism, 45–120. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529209259.003.0002.
Full textAbstract:
Chapter 2 investigates the significance of the property market in medieval Cambridge. It considers how far the property market at this time anticipated the urban property markets of today. Detailed information on the Cambridge property market is provided in the Hundred Rolls. A unique feature of the Rolls, compared to other sources such as rentals, is that they record all the rents paid on a property and not just the rent paid to one particular lord, such as the king or local lay lord. The rolls show that many properties paid multiple rents. With full information on each of these rents it possible to analyse separately the total rent paid and the various components of this rent going to individual lords. Chapter 2 introduces the statistical methods required to address these issues and reports the results obtained by applying them.
6
Smith, Nigel. "Fulke Greville, Lord Brooke as Interregnum and Restoration Author." In Fulke Greville and the Culture of the English Renaissance, 294–310. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198823445.003.0017.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter explores the significance of the appearance of Greville’s Life of Sidney in 1651 and his Remains, the poetic treatises on monarchy and religion in 1670. The Life of Sidney appeared as in favour of mixed monarchy held up by a virtuous aristocracy against the tyranny of the interregnum government, while the Remains offers virtuous, consultative monarchy, fully invested in ‘popularity’, against tyranny and in full favour of toleration. This complex picture stands against the dark machinations of the Cabal government in 1670, in which Charles II played off his Privy Council advisers one against another. Greville’s poems are a very Protestant poetic attack upon various kinds of idolatry, so that they line up well with the iconoclasm of Milton’s Paradise Lost, which had recently appeared, and not at all well with the indubitably royalist, conformist identity of their publisher.
7
Salay, Hemdat. "Reflection and Aruḷ." In Two Masterpieces of Kūṭiyāṭṭam, 115–29. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199483594.003.0006.
Full textAbstract:
This essay focuses on the role of Lord Śiva, the deity who is the main subject of the Mattavilāsam, a three-day Kūṭiyāṭṭam masterpiece that also explores the origin of this art form; but also on Śiva as the crypto-identity of Vasantaka, the clown narrator of Mantrāṅkam. Hemdat Salay shows how through the performance of these two texts, the deity is made present in visible form on stage. The call to Śiva is the aruḷ driving the plot and the play, meaning the active and full presence of the deity in his complete, multifaceted, and contradictory form. In this case, the comic and ridiculous nature of the clown fully expresses the always playful deity and enables them to meet and unite.
8
Schäfer, Peter. "The Son of Man in the Midrash." In Two Gods in Heaven, 71–80. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691181325.003.0011.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter describes the rabbinic passage in which some scholars recognize the tradition of Daniel's Son of Man as the young God is in the Mekhilta, a relatively early Palestinian midrash dating from the second half of the third century. This is an exegesis of Exodus 20:2: “I am the Lord your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt.” The chapter also highlights the subject of the midrash, which are the different manifestations of God, namely, once as a war hero and evidently young man, and once as an old man full of mercy. The young war hero reveals himself at the Sea of Reeds and the merciful old man reveals himself at Sinai. As the usual practice in the midrash, both manifestations are substantiated by bible verses.
9
Simaika, Samir, and Nevine Henein. "The Patriarchs." In Marcus Simaika. American University in Cairo Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5743/cairo/9789774168239.003.0009.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter discusses Marcus Simaika's relationship with the Coptic patriarchs of his time as a member, then vice president, of the Coptic Community Council (Majlis al-Milli) for thirty-nine consecutive years. In his attempts to start a Coptic museum, which needed patriarchal approval, Simaika fought many battles and used much diplomacy and compromise in his dealings with the Coptic hierarchy. The full title of the patriarch, the leader of the Coptic Orthodox Church, is “Pope and Lord Archbishop of the Great City of Alexandria and Patriarch of all Africa on the Holy Orthodox and Apostolic Throne of Saint Mark the Evangelist, Holy Apostle and Martyr, that is in Egypt, Pentapolis, Libya, Nubia, Sudan, Ethiopia, Eritrea, and all Africa.” These patriarchs include Cyril IV, Cyril V, and Yohannes XIX.
10
Lane, Belden C. "Community: Lower Rock Creek and Teilhard de Chardin." In Backpacking with the Saints. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199927814.003.0024.
Full textAbstract:
I’m up for vigils, but the monks are still asleep. They were noisy last night at compline. The peepers were nearly as loud as the bullfrogs. The whole choir chanted like mad as stars came out over the creek. When I first set up camp along this quiet Ozark stream, I hadn’t realized I’d entered a cloister full of exuberant frogs cheered by yesterday’s rain. Their enthusiastic interpretation of the Psalms made me think of the deep-throated chanting of Tibetan Buddhist monks. The sound echoed off the steep rock walls where Cathedral Canyon narrows at this point. Its acoustical effect seemed to take their performance to new heights of liturgical excellence. The night sounds of a Missouri forest are often exhilarating. A humid summer evening offers a riot of jazz improv, as raucous as last night’s monkish choir. The jam begins with the soft background rhythm of grasshoppers rubbing their legs against their wings, punctuated by the loud clicking of cicadas. Green tree frogs then add a nasal quank, quank, quank to the high-pitched call of the peepers and the rasping, vibrating prreep of chorus frogs. Think of a fingernail running over the teeth of a comb. Then, just as things are warming up, the bullfrogs—Missouri’s state amphibians—launch into the deep jug-o-rum that resonates from their great puffed cheeks. It’s Louis Armstrong on a late-night riff in a crowded New Orleans bar. Lower Rock Creek runs through a narrow gorge cut into the rock of the St. Francois Mountains. Some people call it Cathedral Canyon, others Dark Hollow. It has no official name. It’s not on most maps. But it’s one of my favorite, most secluded places in the Ozarks. Driving down in the rain yesterday I was happy to find the road into the trailhead in worse shape than ever, the trail itself almost overgrown. The blackberry bushes are full, spider webs undisturbed. Not many guests seek out the solitude of this cloistral setting. It’s just another forgotten Missouri hollow.
Conference papers on the topic "Fuel lourd"
1
Ajetunmobi, Oluwaseun, Midhat Talibi, and Ramanarayanan Balachandran. "Dynamic Response of Acoustically Forced Turbulent Premixed Biogas Flames." In ASME Turbo Expo 2019: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2019-91379.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Increasing demand for energy and the need for diversification of fuels used in gas turbine power generation is continuing to drive forward the development of fuel-flexible combustion systems, with particular focus on biomass derived sustainable fuels. The technical challenges arising from burning sustainable fuels are largely associated with the change in the chemical, thermal and transport properties of these fuels due to the variation of the constituents and their impact on the performance of the combustor including emissions, static and dynamic stabilities. There is a lack of detailed understanding on the effect of fuel composition on the flame sensitivity to acoustic and flow perturbations. This paper describes an experimental study investigating the acoustic flame response of simulated biogas (methane/carbon dioxide/air mixtures) turbulent premixed flames. The effect of variation in carbondioxide, CO2, content on the flame response was quantified. Special emphasis was placed on understanding the dependence of this flame response on the amplitude of the acoustic forcing. The flame was subjected to strong velocity perturbations using loud speakers. It was observed that the addition of CO2 had considerable influence on the magnitude of heat release response. The magnitude and the phase of flame describing function indicated that the mechanism of saturation in these flames for all conditions tested were the same. The difference in magnitude could been attributed to dilution effect and hence further investigation were carried out with N2 and Ar to clarify the role of CO2. The results indicate that the thermal capacity of the diluent gases could be playing a significant role in nonlinear flame dynamics.
2
Avireddi, Prashanth, Nikhil Seera, and Harsha Badarinarayan. "Acoustic Sound Source Identification in a Gasoline DI Pump for High Pressure Fuel Flows." In ASME 2014 4th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2014-21633.
Full textAbstract:
The passenger class automobiles operating with gasoline direct injection (DI) pump have a better fuel economy than the automobiles operating with gasoline port fuel injection (PFI) pump. The fuel economy is higher because DI pump injects fuel directly into combustion chamber at pressures over 150 bar compared to a PFI pump which injects fuel into combustion chamber through inlet port at pressures over 50 bar. By injecting fuel directly into the combustion chamber, DI system prevents condensation of fuel, pressure leakage and improves atomization of fuel for internal combustion process. However, the disadvantage of high pressure operation is that the DI pump is noisier than a PFI pump. The loud sound in a DI pump is generated due to phenomenon such as high pressure pulsations, liquid jet impact and high velocity flows. To investigate the sound production in a DI pump, High fidelity hybrid numerical simulations were developed using CFD and Acoustic tools to simulate the operational effects and identify the behavior of internal components of DI pump. The fidelity of the numerical simulations depends on the transient boundary conditions and the fluid structure interactions in the DI pump. The CFD simulation model of DI pump has 8 million mesh elements and the simulation model is computed using 256 cores of super computer operating at a rate of 2 TFLOPS. The results derived from the CFD simulations were processed using a commercial acoustics tool for computing sound pressure level in liquid domain. Sound pressure level in liquid domain is used as a relative parameter for distinguishing the behavior of liquid-acoustic sources. The results from the numerical simulations provide a good account of the behavior of internal components in DI pump and the simulation results are in good agreement with the experiments performed on DI pump.
3
Stadtfeld, Hermann J. "Single Flank Test, Structure-Borne Noise Analysis and Digital Imaging of Tooth Contact." In ASME 1998 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc98/ptg-5783.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The innovative new measuring and testing machine is not only a high-precision measurement for the laboratory, but also a 100% inspection tool for the production environment or for quality control. It is incorrect to currently assume that a production tester can be less precise and should be without advanced measurement and analysis features. Today’s quality standards demand a full-featured production test machine, which brings lab-testing abilities to the shop floor. The laboratory investigation can establish the combination of criteria to be fulfilled by an individual gear set in order to pass acceptance in the vehicle. This can include requirements related to tooth contact, structure-borne noise emission or single flank variations. It is not necessarily evident, beforehand, if criteria for all three test types can be established or are even mandatory. It is quite possible, for instance, that the analysis of vibrations a gear set transmits to the spindle housing of the testing machine does not reveal a correlation with the noise in the vehicle. The noise levels of a “quiet” gear set may well be higher on the testing machine than those of a “loud” gear. In this case, the single flank test or a combination of single flank test and structure-borne noise analysis will provide a criterion for testing. All options and features described are equally important in both laboratory and production use. Specific software and electronic hardware components for single flank testing and structure-borne noise analyses are and commanded by the part program executed in the machine controller. The use of the video equipment on the tester can recognize and evaluate the contact position.
4
Nakano, Milsuo, Masao Nagamatsu, Kohei Suzuki, and Takuya Yoshimura. "Acoustic Double Holography Method and its Application to Engine Noise Research." In ASME 1997 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc97/vib-3799.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The acoustic holography (AH) method with single measuring plane has been well known as the conventional method and can be implemented by far field measurement with simple instruments. However, the noise source resolution of the AH is not sufficient. In order to improve the resolution in the noise source identification, several kinds of the acoustic holography methods have been so far proposed. For example, the near field acoustic holography (NAH) can provide high and accurate resolution of the holography by the nearfield measurement. However, the nearfield measurement within one wave length is sometimes impossible in the actual circumstances. The Acoustic Double Holography (A D H) proposed in this paper is a simplified approach with higher resolution of the noise source locations than that of the conventional AH methods. The ADH method basically uses dual measuring planes and does not require nearfield measurement. The sound pressure data detected on the rear plane are transformed into the virtual pressure data on the front plane taking into account of the distance between the plane and the object. Comparing the virtual pressure data with the actual data measured on the front plane, resolution on holography can be improved significantly. Computer simulation and an experiment with two loud speakers were executed in order to confirm the fundamental feature of the proposed method. Several advantages on the method with respect to resolution over the conventional AH method were discussed. Furthermore, the ADH measurement was carried out on running engine under the full load operation. Through these results, the highly noise radiating areas on the engine surface were detected and reduced with noise shielding material. The overall engine noise level was reduced by 1.5dBA as the first stage in this noise control work.
5
Ishihama, Masao, and Hiromitsu Sakurai. "Motor Vehicle Exterior Sound Quality Improvement for Indoors." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-14041.
Full textAbstract:
The objectives of this study are these three items. 1) To find better indices than dB(A) for representing annoyances caused by motor vehicle traffic noise along highways. 2) To find the frequency range of motor vehicle exterior noise that should primarily be controlled to achieve better indoor sound environment along highways. 3) To find suitable vehicle driving conditions for evaluating indoor sound environment. To obtain the desired results psycho-acoustic experiments were conducted. Firstly, sound samples were collected with microphones placed at such locations as on a sidewalk, in front of a small house and at the center of a room inside of the house. The number of test vehicles was fifteen, consisting of six motorcycles and nine passenger cars. The driving conditions were full acceleration and mild acceleration usually found in normal traffic flow. Secondly, semantic differentiation method was used. Ten pairs of adjectives were used to scale the impressions of each sound sample. Finally, physical characters of the sound samples and their subjective evaluations were compared. The results were obtained as follows. 1) Six sound samples got more uncomfortable impression at indoors. These sound samples were collected by vehicles with sport-type mufflers. 2) The samples that indoor sound quality is degraded than outdoor contain high power in low frequency range below 200 Hz. These low frequency components penetrate through the housing walls more easily than higher frequency components. 3) The degradation of comfort impression was found in mild acceleration conditions. The low frequency components of sound samples for mild acceleration are larger than those for full acceleration. Though the throttle is not fully open in mild acceleration, low engine speed generates low frequency components, and eventually increased indoor sound power in the frequency range. The conclusions drawn from these results are, 1) Indoor sound samples should be included for evaluating sound environment along highways. 2) Mild acceleration is a better driving condition for evaluating indoor sound environment along highways. In this condition, very low engine speed causes low frequency component emission that penetrate into housing more than in heavy accelerating conditions. 3) Engine exhaust systems that emit very loud low-frequency components should be focused upon in regulating traffic noise. 4) Extensive collection and analysis of housing sound insulation, absorption and resonance data along highways are necessary for further investigations. 5) Better psycho-acoustic experiment methods should be developed for investigating sound context effects on panelists.