Relevant bibliographies by topics / Fuel sprays

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Fuel sprays'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Fuel sprays"

1

Raghu, P., N. Nallusamy, and Pitchandi Kasivisvanathan. "Spray Characteristics of Diesel and Biodiesel Fuels for Various Injection Timings under Non Evaporating Conditions." Applied Mechanics and Materials 787 (August 2015): 682–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.787.682.

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Fuel spray and atomization characteristics play a vital role in the performance of internal combustion engines. Petroleum fuels are expected to be depleted within a few decades, finding alternative fuels that are economically viable to replace the petroleum fuel has attracted much research attention. In this work spray characteristics such as spray tip penetration, spray cone angle and spray area were investigated for Karanja oil methyl ester (KOME), Jatropha oil methyl ester (JOME) and diesel fuel. The KOME and JOME sprays were characterized and compared with diesel sprays at different injection timings. The macroscopic spray properties were acquired from the images captured by a high speed video camera employing shadowgraphic and image processing techniques in a spray chamber. The experimental results showed that biodiesel fuels had different features compared with diesel fuel after start of injection (ASOI). Longer spray tip penetration, larger spray area and smaller spray cone angle were observed for biodiesel (JOME, KOME) due to its higher density and viscosity than that of diesel fuel.
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Sankar, S. V., K. E. Maher, D. M. Robart, and W. D. Bachalo. "Rapid Characterization of Fuel Atomizers Using an Optical Patternator." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 121, no. 3 (July 1, 1999): 409–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2818488.

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Planar laser scattering (PLS) and planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) techniques are currently being used for rapid characterization of fuel sprays associated with gas turbine atomizers, diesel injectors, and automotive fuel injectors. These techniques can be used for qualitative, quantitative, and rapid measurement of fuel mass, spray geometry, and Sauter mean diameters in various sprays. The spatial distribution of the fuel mass can be inferred directly from the PLIF image, and the Sauter mean diameter can be measured by simultaneously recording the PLIF and PLS images and then ratioing the two. A spray characterization system incorporating the PLS and/or PLIF techniques has been loosely termed an optical patternator, and in this study, it has been used to characterize both steady and pulsed sprays. The results obtained with the optical patternator have been directly validated using a phase Doppler particle analyzer (PDPA).
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Kamaltdinov, V. G., V. A. Markov, I. O. Lysov, A. A. Zherdev, and V. V. Furman. "Experimental Studies of Fuel Injection in a Diesel Engine with an Inclined Injector." Energies 12, no. 14 (July 10, 2019): 2643. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12142643.

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Comparative experimental studies of fuel sprays evolution dynamics in a constant volume chamber were carried out with a view to reduce the uneven distribution of diesel fuel in the combustion chamber when the Common Rail injector is inclined. The fuel sprays was captured by a high-speed camera with simultaneous recording of control pulses of camera and injector on an oscilloscope. Two eight-hole diesel injectors were investigated: One injector with identical orifice diameter (nozzle 1) and another injector with four orifices of the same diameter as orifices of nozzle 1 and four orifices of enlarged diameters (nozzle 2). Both injectors were tested at rail pressure from 100 to 165 MPa and injector control pulse width of 1.5 ms. The dynamics of changes in the spray penetration length and spray cone angle were determined. It was found that sprays develop differently in nozzle 1 fuel. The difference in the length of fuel sprays is 10–15 mm. As for nozzle 2, the fuel sprays develop more evenly: The difference in length is no more than 3–5 mm. The difference of the measured fuel spray cone angles for nozzle 1 is 0.5°–1.5°, and for nozzle 2 is 3.0°–4.0°. It is concluded that the differential increase in the diameters of nozzle orifices, the axes of which are maximally deviated from the injector axis, makes it possible to reduce the uneven distribution of fuel in the combustion chamber and improve the combustion process and the diesel performance as a whole.
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Lee, Choong Hoon. "An Experimental Study on the Correlation between Spray Dispersion Area and Tip Penetration Using an Edge Detection Technique of Images Captured from Highly Pressurized Cr-Di Fuel Injection." Advanced Materials Research 787 (September 2013): 513–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.787.513.

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A correlation between the spray tip penetration and dispersion area was investigated. Images of diesel fuel sprays from high-pressure common rail injectorwere analyzed using an edge-detecting technique. Diesel fuel sprays were injected into a pressurized spray chamber. The gas density in the spray chamber was 17.97kg/m3, which is representative of the density in a typical diesel engine when the fuel injection process starts. Consecutive images of the diesel spray were captured with a high-speed digital camera. The spray tip penetration and dispersion area according to the time when the fuel injectionprocess starts was determined. The spray dispersion area increased linearlywith the time after the fuel injection process starts.The slope of the linear correlation line between the spray dispersion area and time after start of fuel injection was steeper when the fuel injection pressure was higher. There was little effect on the slope of the linear correlation line with a change of the duration of the fuel injection time. Also, the spray dispersion area increased parabollically with the spraytip penetration.
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Goodwin, M. S., and G. Wigley. "A Study of Transient Liquid Sheets and Their Relationship to GDI Fuel Sprays(Spray Technologies, Atomization)." Proceedings of the International symposium on diagnostics and modeling of combustion in internal combustion engines 2004.6 (2004): 271–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jmsesdm.2004.6.271.

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Jawad, B., E. Gulari, and N. A. Henein. "Characteristics of intermittent fuel sprays." Combustion and Flame 88, no. 3-4 (March 1992): 384–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-2180(92)90041-m.

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Prakash, Vaibhav, B. Praveen Ramanujam, C. Sanjeev Nivedan, N. Nallusamy, and P. Raghu. "Effect of Various Injection Pressures on Spray Characteristics of Karanja Oil Methyl Ester (KOME) and Diesel in a DI Diesel Engine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 787 (August 2015): 815–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.787.815.

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The performance and emissions from diesel engines are greatly influenced by the degree of atomization of the fuel spray. The characteristics of the spray affect the physics of formation of the air-fuel mixture. They depend on density and viscosity of fuel, injection pressure, pressure and temperature of fuel. The spray structure is primarily dependent on the fuel injection pressure. This study involves the carrying out of experimental investigations on biodiesel and diesel fuel sprays in a DI diesel engine for different injection pressures. The spray cone angle and spray tip penetration length are studied experimentally. Using spray visualization system and image processing techniques, the experimental data is obtained. The fuels used are Karanja oil methyl ester (KOME) and diesel. The experimental results show that, as the injection pressure increases, the spray cone angle decreases for KOME and similar trends are observed with diesel. In addition, spray penetration length increases with increase in injection pressure and the value of the same was slightly higher for KOME than that of diesel. The results also reveal similarities in spray characteristics of both the test fuels.
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Begg, S., F. Kaplanski, S. Sazhin, M. Hindle, and M. Heikal. "Vortex ring-like structures in gasoline fuel sprays under cold-start conditions." International Journal of Engine Research 10, no. 4 (May 22, 2009): 195–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/14680874jer02809.

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A phenomenological study of vortex ring-like structures in gasoline fuel sprays is presented for two types of production fuel injectors: a low-pressure, port fuel injector (PFI) and a high-pressure atomizer that injects fuel directly into an engine combustion chamber (G-DI). High-speed photography and phase Doppler anemometry (PDA) were used to study the fuel sprays. In general, each spray was seen to comprise three distinct periods: an initial, unsteady phase; a quasi-steady injection phase; and an exponential trailing phase. For both injectors, vortex ring-like structures could be clearly traced in the tail of the sprays. The location of the region of maximal vorticity of the droplet and gas mixture was used to calculate the temporal evolution of the radial and axial components of the translational velocity of the vortex ring-like structures. The radial components of this velocity remained close to zero in both cases. The experimental results were used to evaluate the robustness of previously developed models of laminar and turbulent vortex rings. The normalized time, , and normalized axial velocity, , were introduced, where tinit is the time of initial observation of vortex ring-like structures. The time dependence of on was approximated as and for the PFI and G-DI sprays respectively. The G-DI spray compared favourably with the analytical vortex ring model, predicting , in the limit of long times, where α = 3/2 in the laminar case and α = 3/4 when the effects of turbulence are taken into account. The results for the PFI spray do not seem to be compatible with the predictions of the available theoretical models.
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Dodge, Lee G., and Clifford A. Moses. "Diagnostics for fuel sprays as applied to emulsified fuels." Symposium (International) on Combustion 20, no. 1 (January 1985): 1239–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0082-0784(85)80613-5.

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Bankston, C. P., L. H. Back, E. Y. Kwack, and A. J. Kelly. "Experimental Investigation of Electrostatic Dispersion and Combustion of Diesel Fuel Jets." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 110, no. 3 (July 1, 1988): 361–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3240130.

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An experimental study of electrostatically atomized and dispersed diesel fuel jets has been conducted. A new electrostatic injection technique has been utilized to generate continuous, stable fuel sprays at charge densities of 1.5–2.0 C/m3 of fluid. Model calculations show that such charge densities may enhance spray dispersion under diesel engine conditions. Fuel jets were injected into room temperature air at one atmosphere at flow rates of 0.25–1.0 cm3/s and delivery pressures of 100–400 kPa. Measured mean drop diameters were near 150 μm with 30 percent of the droplets being less than 100 μm in diameter at typical operating conditions. The electrical power required to generate these sprays was less than 10−6 times the chemical energy available from the fuel. The spray characteristics of an actual diesel engine injector were also studied. The results show considerable differences in spray characteristics between the diesel injector and electrostatic injection. Finally, ignition and stable combustion of electrostatically dispersed diesel fuel jets was achieved. The results show that electrostatic fuel injection can be achieved at practical flow rates, and that the characteristics of the jet breakup and dispersion have potential application to combustion systems.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fuel sprays"

1

Jasuja, A. K. "Structure of gas turbine fuel sprays." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2001. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/10729.

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Shelby, Michael H. (Michael Howard). "PLIF investigation of the fuel distribution in gasoline direct injection fuel sprays." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/43930.

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Williams, Paul Andrew. "Characterization of fuel sprays in spark ignition engines." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282716.

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Abdelkarim, Nazar B. H. "Numerical modelling of direct-injection gasoline fuel sprays." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2005. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/34055.

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This thesis presents a numerical study of the break-up and atomisation of gasoline fuel sprays injected into atmospheric flow conditions and environments related to combustion chamber conditions. Calculations of the fuel break-up process were achieved by four different models: Taylor Analogy Break-up (TAB), the wave instability theory (WAVE), the Hybrid Sheet-TAB and the Hybrid WAVE-FIPA models. The TAB model relates the break-up process to the droplet oscillations; whereas the WAVE models calculate the fuel break-up from the unstable waves on the droplet surface. The modified version of the TAB model, called the Hybrid Sheet-TAB model delays the start of the break-up further downstream from the nozzle tip. A new hybrid model, the WAVE-FIPA model, divides the spray atomisation processes into a primary stage, where the WAVE model is used, and a secondary stage, which is simulated using experimental correlations to calculate the break-up time for the low Weber number droplets.
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BURROUGHS, ERIC WILLIAM. "DEVELOPMENT OF A HIGH-RESOLUTION MECHANICAL SPRAY PATTERNATOR FOR THE CHARACTERIZATION OF FUEL SPRAYS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1132346171.

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Shoba, Tenzin. "Optical investigation of diesel sprays : the influence of fuel properties on spray formation and breakup processes." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2011. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/47fdf50b-2681-4082-8789-9d975b7b2d8c.

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The effects of fuel properties on the primary and secondary breakup of the diesel jet have been investigated. Experiments using a long working distance microscope have been carried out to assess the difference in spray formation caused by changes in specific fuel properties. Particular attention was paid to the optimisation of the lighting technique with a range of light sources tested. The use of a diffused laser allowed the acquisition of blur free high quality shadowgraph images. This allowed the visualisation of the processes that lead to the breakup of the fuel jet and velocity measurements at these locations. Images acquired further downstream during the secondary atomization regime allowed drop sizing to be carried out.
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VanDerWege, Brad A. (Brad Alan). "The effects of fuel volatility and operating conditions on sprays from pressure-swirl fuel injectors." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9427.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1999.
"June 1999."
Includes bibliographical references (p. 205-208).
Optimal design of modern direct injection gasoline engines depends heavily on the fuel spray. Most of the studies published regarding these fuel sprays involve cold bench tests or motored optical engines, neglecting the roles of the fuel volatility and temperature. This study, therefore, was designed to describe changes in the spray properties due to fuel volatility and operating conditions using a firing optically-accessible engine. Planar laser-induced fluorescence and planar Mie scattering imaging experiments were performed to show changes in the spray structure, including its radial and axial penetration. Phase-Doppler particle analysis experiments were included to track the droplet diameter and velocity at various points throughout the spray. A computational fluid dynamics model was also used to study the physics leading to the observed changes. The results show that the spray structure changes with not only ambient gas density, which is often measured, but also fuel temperature and volatility. The mean droplet diameter was found to decrease substantially with increasing fuel temperature and decreasing ambient density. Under conditions of low potential for vaporization, the observed trends agree with published correlations for pressure-swirl atomizers. As ambient density decreases and fuel temperature increases, the volatile ends of multi-component fuels evaporate quickly, producing a vapor core along the axis of the spray. Beyond a certain point, evaporation is violent enough to cause additional breakup of the droplets. A fit to this volatility-induced breakup data provides an additional correlation for determining the mean diameter of volatile sprays. Coincident with the volatility-induced breakup trend is an increase in the initial cone angle of the spray. However, the reduced droplet diameter and rapid vapor generation under these superheated conditions result in a narrow spray with increased axial penetration. In the process of performing these experiments, insights were found regarding the operation of these diagnostics in high-density sprays.
by Brad A. VanDerWege.
Ph.D.
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Purwar, Harsh. "Ultrafast imaging of fuel sprays : development of optical diagnostics, image processing." Rouen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ROUES045.

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Fuel atomization plays a very crucial role in determining the overall efficiency of diesel internal combustion engines. This work focuses on developing fast optical diagnostic tools for the study of the liquid fuel atomization with an aim to characterize the fuel sprays in the near-field of the injector nozzle. At first, classical imaging techniques using continuous illumination with a high-speed camera and an ultra-short pulsed illumination with a high-resolution CCD camera are reviewed. Next, the possibility of supercontinuum (SC) derived illumination is investigated. It was observed that the spray images obtained with such an illumination were almost free from laser speckle, which tremendously improved the clarity of these images. An application of the classical imaging technique to a preliminary study of cavitation inside a transparent injector is presented. In the next part of the thesis optical techniques to reduce the noise originating due to the multiple scattering of light from its interaction with the fuel spray are studied. Optical Kerr effect based time-gate in its primitive crossed-beam configuration is reviewed and a novel approach with collinear overlap of the pump and probe beams for time-resolved imaging of fuel spray with time resolution 1 ps is proposed. Ballistic images of fuel spray in the near-nozzle region with high spatial resolution are obtained. The possibility of using SCderived illumination with the optical time-gate configuration is also discussed. Preliminary time-gated spray images obtained by using SC-derived probe beam for spray illumination in the optical-gate setup shows that laser speckle is substantially reduced maintaining a similar time resolution. The change in the optical polarization properties of the Kerr medium on introduction of the pump pulse are completely characterized by measuring its Mueller matrix (MM). The polarization parameters – depolarization, diattenuation, and retardance are then quantified by decomposing the measured MM using polar decomposition formalism
L’atomisation du carburant joue un rôle très important dans l’efficacité globale du moteur à combustion interne utilisant le Diesel. Ce travail se concentre sur le développement d’outils de diagnostics optiques rapides pour l’étude de l’atomisation du combustible liquide, avec pour but de caractériser les jets de carburant en proche sortie de l’injecteur. Dans un premier temps, les techniques d’imagerie classiques utilisant (i) un éclairage continu avec une caméra à haute vitesse et (ii) un éclairage pulsé ultra-court avec une caméra CCD haute résolution sont examinées. L’utilisation d’un supercontinuum (SC) pour éclairer le jet est testée. On observe alors que les images de spray obtenues avec ce type d’éclairage sont presque exemptes de speckle, ce qui en améliore considérablement la netteté. Une technique d’imagerie classique est ensuite appliquée à l’étude de la cavitation à l’intérieur d’un injecteur transparent et une première approche de ce problème est présentée. Dans la partie suivante de la thèse, la problématique de la réduction du bruit dû à la diffusion multiple de la lumière sur le jet de carburant est posée. Les avantages et les inconvénients d’un montage utilisant une porte optique à effet Kerr avec des faisceaux pompe et sonde non colinéaires sont présentés. Une nouvelle approche avec des faisceaux pompe et sonde colinéaires aboutissant à une résolution temporelle de 1 ps est proposée. Des images balistiques de sprays de carburant en proche sortie d’injecteur ayant une excellente résolution spatiale sont ainsi obtenues. La possibilité d’utiliser un éclairage de type SC avec une porte optique est également discutée. Les images de sprays réalisées par ce montage montrent que l’on réduit le speckle tout en gardant une bonne résolution spatiale. Enfin, les propriétés polarimétriques du milieu Kerr utilisé lorsqu’il est soumis au faisceau pompe sont caractérisées par la mesure de sa matrice de Mueller (MM). Les paramètres de polarisation dépolarisation, diatténuation et retardance sont alors quantifiés par décomposition de la MM mesurée, en utilisant le formalisme de décomposition polaire
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Mirza, Muhammad Riaz. "Studies of diesel sprays interacting with cross-flows and solid boundaries." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315666.

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Wang, Yawei. "The atomisation of rapeseed methyl ester in comparison with diesel fuel." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364850.

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Books on the topic "Fuel sprays"

1

Alan, Williams. Combustion of liquid fuel sprays. London [England]: Butterworths, 1989.

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Dodge, Lee G. The physics of fuel sprays. Vol.1 - Experimental measurements. San Antonio, Tex: Southwest Research Institute, 1986.

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Shavit, Zeev. Measurements and designs related to electrical spray modification in a T-56 combustor. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1985.

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Melconian, Jerry O. Introducing the VRT gas turbine combustor. [Washington, D.C.]: NASA, 1990.

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Koo, Ja-Ye. Characteristics of a transient diesel fuel spray. Ann Arbor: UMI, 1991.

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Rajakaruna, Hobinanuwan Tikiri Banda. A mathematical model for liquid fuel spray combustion. Leicester: De Montfort University, 1997.

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Browne, Ivan J. An investigation into the variables influencing the discharge coefficient in the V. C. O. nozzles for direct injection diesel engines. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1998.

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Cheng, Lung. Control of airborne respirable dust in the face area with water sprays using a full-scale laboratory model. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, 1988.

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Cheng, Lung. Control of airborne respirable dust in the face area with water sprays using a full-scale laboratory model. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1988.

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Cowperthwaite, N. A. Full scale and wind tunnel surface pressure measurements on the T.R.R.L. spray dispersion programme vehicles. Cranfield, U.K: College of Aeronautics, Cranfield Institute of Technology, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Fuel sprays"

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Nasr, G. G., A. J. Yule, and L. Bendig. "Fuel Sprays for Fixed Plant." In Industrial Sprays and Atomization, 293–378. London: Springer London, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3816-7_6.

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Bareiss, S., N. Fuhrmann, A. Dreizler, H. Bacher, J. Höffner, R. Weishäupl, and D. Kügler. "Planar Droplet Sizing for Characterization of Automotive Sprays in Port Fuel Injection Applications Using Commercial Fuel." In Flow and Combustion in Advanced Gas Turbine Combustors, 445–61. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5320-4_15.

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Sadiki, Amsini, Mouldi Chrigui, Fernando Sacomano, and Assaad R. Masri. "Large Eddy Simulation of Diluted Turbulent Spray Combustion Based on FGM Methodology: Effect of fuel and Mass Loading." In Experiments and Numerical Simulations of Turbulent Combustion of Diluted Sprays, 107–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04678-5_5.

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Pitcher, G., G. Wigley, and M. Saffman. "Sensitivity of Dropsize Measurements by Phase Doppler Anemometry to Refractive Index Changes in Combusting Fuel Sprays." In Applications of Laser Techniques to Fluid Mechanics, 227–47. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61254-1_12.

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Rehman, Sanaur, and Shah Shahood Alam. "Experimental Study of Ignition Delay of Homogeneous Supercritical Fuel Sprays of Dieseline Blend in Constant Volume Combustion Chamber." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 613–22. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5996-9_48.

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Zhang, Gaoming, Min Xu, Yuyin Zhang, and David L. S. Hung. "Characteristics of Flash Boiling Fuel Sprays from Three Types of Injector for Spark Ignition Direct Injection (SIDI) Engines." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 443–54. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33841-0_33.

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Cheng, Xinwei, Harun M. Ismail, Kiat Hoon Ng, Suyin Gan, and Tommaso Lucchini. "Effects of Fuel Thermo-Physical Properties on Spray Characteristics of Biodiesel Fuels." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 117–26. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33777-2_9.

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Dhar, Satish. "7. Partial Amalgamation, Full Sprawl." In Toronto Sprawls, 56–64. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/9781442685062-011.

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Hamedani, Hoda Amani, Klaus-Hermann Dahmen, Dongsheng Li, and Hamid Garmestani. "Effect of Spray Parameters on the Microstructure of La1-xSrxMnO3 Cathode Prepared by Spray Pyrolysis." In Advances in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells IV, 138–46. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470456309.ch13.

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Azam, Qummare, Ahmed M. Alhaj, Ayub A. Janvekar, and Nurul Musfirah Mazlan. "A Review on Alternative Fuel Spray Characteristics." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 1–9. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4756-0_1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Fuel sprays"

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Chan, Kwan Kit, and Sung Roung Wu. "Combustion of Polydisperse Fuel Sprays." In SAE International Congress and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/870099.

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Raju, Manthena. "CFD Modeling of Superheated Fuel Sprays." In 47th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting including The New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-1187.

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Reitz, Rolf D., and R. Diwakar. "Structure of High-Pressure Fuel Sprays." In SAE International Congress and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/870598.

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Melton, L. A., A. M. Murray, and J. F. Verdieck. "Laser Fluorescence Measurements For Fuel Sprays." In 1986 Technical Symposium Southeast, edited by Robert T. Menzies. SPIE, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.964445.

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Melton, L. A., A. M. Murray, and J. F. Verdieck. "Exciplex-based diagnostics for fuel sprays." In AIP Conference Proceedings Volume 146. AIP, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.35814.

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6

Wei, Sheng, Brandon Sforzo, and Jerry Seitzman. "Fuel Composition Effects on Forced Ignition of Liquid Fuel Sprays." In ASME Turbo Expo 2018: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2018-77196.

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In gas turbine combustors, ignition is achieved by using sparks from igniters to start a flame. The process of sparks interacting with fuel/air mixture and creating self-sustained flames is termed forced ignition. Physical and chemical properties of a liquid fuel can influence forced ignition. The physical effects manifest through processes such as droplet atomization, spray distribution, and vaporization rate. The chemical effects impact reaction rates and heat release. This study focuses on the effect of fuel composition on forced ignition of fuel sprays in a well-controlled flow with a commercial style igniter. A facility previously used to examine prevaporized, premixed liquid fuel-air mixtures is modified and employed to study forced ignition of liquid fuel sprays. In our experiments, a wall-mounted, high energy, recessed cavity discharge igniter operating at 15 Hz with average spark energy of 1.25 J is used to ignite liquid fuel spray produced by a pressure atomizer located in a uniform air coflow. The successful outcome of each ignition events is characterized by the (continued) presence of chemiluminescence 2 ms after spark discharge, as detected by a high-speed camera. The ignition probability is defined as the fraction of successful sparks at a fixed condition, with the number of events evaluated for each fuel typically in the range 600–1200. Ten fuels were tested, including standard distillate jet fuels (e.g., JP-8 and Jet-A), as well as many distillate and alternative fuel blends, technical grade n-dodecane, and surrogates composed of a small number of components. During the experiments, the air temperature is controlled at 27 C and the fuel temperature is controlled at 21 C. Experiments are conducted at a global equivalence ratio of 0.55. Results show that ignition probabilities correlate strongly to liquid fuel viscosity (presumably through droplet atomization) and vapor pressure (or recovery temperature), as smaller droplets of a more volatile fuel would lead to increased vaporization rates. This allows the kernel to transition to a self-sustained flame before entrainment reduces its temperature to a point where chemical rates are too slow. Chemical properties of the fuel showed little influence, except when the fuels had similar physical properties. This result demonstrates that physical properties of liquid fuels have dominating effects on forced ignition of liquid fuel spray in coflow air.
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Wåhlin, Fredrik, and Andreas Cronhjort. "Fuel Sprays for Premixed Compression Ignited Combustion - Characteristics of Impinging Sprays." In SAE 2004 World Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2004-01-1776.

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8

Jawad, Badih A., and Chris H. Riedel. "Analysis of Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD) for Fuel Sprays." In ASME/JSME 2007 5th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2007-37643.

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The spray-tip penetrations and the drop sizes of intermittent fuel sprays were measured by using a modified pulsed optical spray sizer. The average spray tip speeds were determined from simultaneously recorded needle lift signals and obscuration traces. The speeds of a sequence of fuel pulses injected at ∼103 Hz were analyzed to elucidate penetration mechanisms. A correlation that relates penetration distance to time, pressure drop across the nozzle, fuel density, and ambient gas density was obtained. The temporal variations of drop size in penetrating pulses of sprays were measured. The concentration of drops were calculated by combining drop size and obscuration data. The Sauter mean diameter of penetrating fuel drops increased with an increase of the chamber pressure and decreased with an increase of the injection pressure.
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Jawad, Badih A., and Chris Riedel. "Spray Size Evolution of Diesel Sprays." In ASME 2006 2nd Joint U.S.-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting Collocated With the 14th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2006-98433.

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Variations of fuel spray characteristics during cyclic operation is directly correlated to efficient operation of an engine. Measurements of drop size distribution and drop concentration under transient conditions during injection are difficult. A very rapid and synchronized measurement technique is necessary for sectional and temporal analysis of an intermittent spray during approximately 50 ms after each injection. A pulsed-spray sizer based on Fraunhofer diffraction pattern analysis was modified so that the repeatability of each injection can be determined by an obscuration-trace measurement. The sizer with a built-in adjustable delay was synchronized to the needle-lift of the injector and the drop size data were captured over 20 microseconds. For every single injection, the attenuation of the transmitted beam monitoring the arrival, the duration, and the drop concentration in the spray was recorded and stored on a digital scope. A solenoid controlled the position of the rack on the fuel line and ensured single injection. The obscuration-trace was used as a “fingerprint” in testing the reproducibility of successive injections. Drop size measurements were statistically averaged over many reproducible cycles.
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Manin, Julien, Cyril Crua, and Lyle M. Pickett. "Transcritical mixing of sprays for multi-component fuel mixtures." In ILASS2017 - 28th European Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ilass2017.2017.5065.

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The mixing of fuels with oxidizer has been an increasingly interesting area of research with new engine technologiesand the need to reduce emissions, while leveraging efficiency. High-efficiency combustion systems such as diesel engines rely on elevated chamber pressures to maximize power density, producing higher output. In such systems, the fuel is injected under liquid state in a chamber filled with pressurized air at high temperatures. Theoretical calculations on the thermodynamics of fuel mixing processes under these conditions suggest that the injected liquid can undergo a transcritical change of state. Our previous experimental efforts in that regard showed through high- speed imaging that spray droplets transition to fluid parcels mixing without notable surface tension forces, supporting a transcritical process. Only mono-component fuels were used in these studies to provide full control over boundary conditions, which prevented extrapolation of the findings to real systems in which multi-component fuels are injected. Multi-component fuels add another layer of complexity, especially when detailed experiments serve model development, requiring the fuels to be well characterized. In this work, we performed high-speed microscopy in the near-field of high-pressure sprays injected into elevated temperature and pressure environments. A reference diesel fuel and several multi-component surrogates were studied and compared to single component fuels. The results support that a transition occurs under certain thermodynamic conditions for all fuels. As anticipated, the transition from classical evaporation to diffusive mixing is affected by ambient conditions, fuel properties, droplet size and velocity, as well as time scales. Analogous to previous observations made with the normal alkane sprays, the behavior of the multi-component fuels correlate well with their bulk critical properties.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ILASS2017.2017.5065
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Reports on the topic "Fuel sprays"

1

Kleinstreuer, C. Analysis of transport mechanisms in dense fuel droplet sprays. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7200619.

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2

Caton, J. A., and K. D. Kihm. Characterization of coal-water slurry fuel sprays from diesel engine injectors. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10104865.

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3

Kleinstreuer, C. Analysis of transport mechanisms in dense fuel droplet sprays. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10166237.

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4

Santavicca, Domenic A. The Effect of Turbulence on Vaporization and Mixing in Fuel Sprays. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada301758.

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5

Takahashi, Tadashi, and Shigeru Hayashi. 3-D Measurements of Transient Sprays From a DI Fuel Injector. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, May 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-08-0098.

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6

Gomez, A. Feasibility Demonstration of Exciplex Fluorescence Measurements in Evaporating Laminar Sprays of Diesel Fuel. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada566302.

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7

Hanson, Ronald K. Apparatus for the Study of Shock Wave and Detonation Wave Interactions with Fuel Sprays. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada389051.

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8

Santavicca, D. A. The Effect of Turbulence on Droplet Drag, Dispersion, Vaporization and Secondary Breakup in Diesel Fuel Sprays. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada369789.

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9

Kleinstreuer, C. Analysis of transport mechanisms in dense fuel droplet sprays: Progress report June 1, 1988--May 31, 1989. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6417393.

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10

Pickett, Lyle. Fuel Spray Mixing and Wall Interaction. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1783202.

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